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CORPORATE LEGALDEPARTMENTS

Practicing Law in a Corporation

Fourth Edition

VOLUME 1

Carole Basri

Irving Kagan

Incorporating Release #13August 2018

#239432

Practising Law InstituteNew York City

#32867

This work is designed to provide practical and usefulinformation on the subject matter covered. However, it issold with the understanding that neither the publishernor the author is engaged in rendering legal, account-ing, or other professional services. If legal advice or otherexpert assistance is required, the services of a competentprofessional should be sought.

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For any other questions or suggestions about this book,contact PLI’s editorial department at: [email protected].

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Legal Editor: Keith Voelker

Copyright © 1984, 1990, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017,2018 by Practising Law Institute.

First edition 1984, published as Corporate Legal Departments: Strategies for the1980s, J. Randolph Ayre, authorSecond edition 1990, published as Corporate Legal Departments: Strategies forthe 1990sThirdedition1998, published as CorporateLegal Departments,Carole Basri&Irving Kagan, authorsFourth edition 2011, published as Corporate Legal Departments: PracticingLaw in a Corporation

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans-mitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of PractisingLaw Institute.

LCCN: 2011941374

ISBN: 978-1-4024-1692-7

To my mother, Annette Basri, who has been an excellent rolemodel and has provided me with love and encouragementthroughout the years; to my father, Dr. Albert Basri, and mybrothers, Dr. Raymond Basri and Dr. William Basri, who alongwith their families have always been there for my sons and me; tomy wonderful twin sons, Joshua and Zachary, may they continueto grow in good deeds and follow the high standards of mygrandparents, Muzli and Frank Iny, who built the Frank InySchool, and my great-grandfather, the Chief Rabbi of BaghdadEzra Dangour; and my dear uncle, Joseph Iny. Thank you finallyto Donna, Cheryl, Laurie, Suzy, Bonnie, Neava, Nora, and Ellen,whose friendship I treasure, and to Irv Kagan, my Legal Muse.

—Carole Basri, 1995

To all the above and to my wonderful husband, Ken Steinberg.Also to my lovely daughters-in-law, Shimrit and Allison; myamazing granddaughters Esther and Avigail; my wonderful step-children Alex and Julie; my sisters-in-law, Ava, Nancy, and Sheila;and my nieces and nephews, Dayna, Ross, Jason, Noah, Ben, andSage. You are my foundation in life.

—Carole Basri, 2011

To my wife, Lee, who always inspires me and to whom I truly oweit all; to my sons Michael, David, and Josh, who gave me the bestjob I could ever have; to my sister Marilyn, who taught me how towrite in the first place; and to my parents Yetta and Abe Kagan,who made it all possible.

—Irving Kagan

About the Authors

CAROLE BASRI is a graduate of Barnard College, Columbia Universityand NYU School of Law, where she was a member of its NationalMoot Court Team. She was an assistant counsel on the United StatesSenate Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee, and was an attorneyat the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). She was in-house counsel atthe advertising agency of NW Ayer, Inc. She left to become an associateat Baker & McKenzie and later at Hall, Dickler, Lawler, Kent andFriedman. Ms. Basri was in-house counsel at Maidenform, Inc. Shewas a consultant to the Perrier Group, Inc. and from 1994 to 2002,she was a consultant to Deloitte & Touche LLP and helped to createthe Ethics and Compliance practice. From 1999 to March 2001, shewas General Counsel to China On Line, Inc. For ten years, she servedas co-chair of the Practising Law Institute’s (PLI) Conferences onCorporate Compliance and on Advanced Corporate Compliance. Shehas been Chair of the Ethics for In-House Counsel seminar since 2004and Chair of the Global Financial Crisis conference since July 2008.

Ms. Basri is the Senior Vice President of Balint, Brown and BasriLLC, a temporary legal staffing company. She works on major documentand privilege reviews, as well as high level temporary placements ofattorneys.

Ms. Basri is an adjunct professor at Fordham University LawSchool, and for the past 16 years she was an adjunct professor ofCorporate Law and the Grant Irey Lecturer at the University ofPennsylvania Law School. She has been an adjunct professor atNew York Law School and Benjamin N. Cardozo Law School. She wasa visiting professor at Hebrew University Law School in March 2008and taught at Peking University School of Transnational Law in Fall2011. She is a senior Fulbright Scholar.

In addition, she has been Executive Director of the Greater NYChapter of the Association of Corporate Counsel (ACC) for overten years until September 2006. She is the President of the CorporateLawyering Association, which is a not-for-profit organization dedicatedto providing outstanding educational opportunities including highcaliber conferences of interest to the corporate counsel community andinternships for law students in in-house law departments. She alsocurrently serves as a member of the Executive Committee and co-chairof the Corporate Compliance Committee of the International Lawand Practice Section of the New York State Bar Association; a member

ix(Basri/Kagan, Rel. #13, 8/18)

of the Practising Law Institute (PLI) Corporate General CounselAdvisory Committee; a member of the International Council of theInternational Section of the American Bar Association; and on theInternational Council of the Association of the Bar of the City ofNew York.

Ms. Basri, President of the Corporate Lawyering Group LLC whichadvises on corporate compliance programs, has created comprehensivecompliance and ethics programs for major corporations including TheDun & Bradstreet Corporation, Cendant, Benjamin Moore & Co. andDannon Inc. These programs were all launched within nine monthsand in many cases in multiple languages and locations. She is alsoproviding advice on law department management, document retentionand corporate governance issues. Also, since the first CorporateLawyering Accreditation Conference in 1999, the Corporate LawyeringGroup LLC has developed conferences and programs on corporate andinternational law as well as on ethics. She has served on the AcademicCommittee of the INTERPOL Anti-Corruption Academy from June2007 until present where she has worked on creating a curriculum foraddressing corporate corruption.

Ms. Basri is co-author of Corporate Legal Departments published byPLI, which was translated in 2010 by China Free Press into Chineseand the editor of International Corporate Practice published by PLI.She is the co-editor of eDiscovery for Corporate Counsel for WestPublishing. Ms. Basri is editor of Corporate Compliance PracticeGuide: The Next Generation of Compliance which was published byLexis Nexis in 2009. She is also the editor of a PLI Handbook on theGlobal Financial Crisis published in August 2009. In 2016, she wrotethe Corporate Legal Departments casebook (and accompanyingTeacher ’s Manual) and the Corporate Compliance casebook (andaccompanying Teacher ’s Manual), all published by Carolina Aca-demics Press. She received the 2001 Lexis Nexis/Corporate LegalTimes Leadership Award. She was the keynote moderator at theLegalTech West Coast Conference in June 2009 in Los Angeles, CA.

In 2003, Ms. Basri was a member of the U.S. State Department’s“Future of Iraq” Project. From July 2003 until July 2004, she was amember for the Coalition Provisional Authority working with the IraqiReconstruction Development Council (IRDC) for Ambassador Bremerin Baghdad. She worked extensively on doing business, anti-corruption,and transparency issues in Iraq. She helped draft legislation on theseissues and met with all of the Ministries in Iraq. She created the“Doing Business Conference in Iraq” at the Union League in New Yorkon December 9, 2003, and in September 2004, she led a conference inBaghdad on transparency and anti-corruption in Iraq and worked as anadvisor on these issues with the Iraqi Ministry of Health. In September2004, she worked with the Iraqi Ministry of Health and the Iraqi

CORPORATE LEGAL DEPARTMENTS

x

Red Crescent on health and legal issues. In September 2005, she wasasked by Iraqi Prime Minister Jaafari to represent the Iraqi governmentin finding law firms and accounting firms to represent the Iraqigovernment in bringing Oil for Food litigation and she was instru-mental in obtaining the Oil for Food documents from the Iraqi Boardof Supreme Auditors for the UN Commission on Oil for Food headedby Paul Volcker.

In March 2005, Ms. Basri spoke at Cairo University School of Lawon anti-corruption at a conference for Chief Judges and AppellateJudges from Afghanistan, Iraq, Palestine and Egypt on anti-corruptionProtocols. Similarly, in April 2005, she spoke on anti-corruptionstrategies at the Dead Sea in Jordan at a conference for 150 Iraqiwomen leaders sponsored by the Defense of Democracy and the U.S.State Department. In July 2005, she spoke at the Iraqi ConstitutionalConvention in Southfield, Michigan, with a direct hook-up to Iraq, onconstitutional issues. In October 2005, she met with Iraqi womenleaders at the U.S. State Department to discuss leadership issues in theDecember 15, 2005 election. In March 2006, Ms. Basri worked inBaghdad with the Woman’s Alliance for Iraq Democracy and theGlobal Justice Center on gender crimes training for the Iraqi TribunalJudges on Saddam Hussein’s case, and in November 2006, at theDead Sea in Jordan, in a four-day conference, she continued thisgender training for Iraqi tribunal judges on gender crimes. Ultimately,this work was used by the judges in the Anfal case. In January 2008,Ms. Basri spoke at the Harvard Kennedy School on Iraqi women’sissues and anti-corruption protocols. In July 2009, she delivered tenlectures on women’s rights, anti-corruption and leadership at the IraqStudies Institute in Beirut, Lebanon.

On March 31, 2008, Ms. Basri was the moderator for a PLIteleconference on the Global Financial Crisis, and on July 7, 2008, shechaired a PLI conference on the Global Financial Crisis, as she did onAugust 5, 2009 and August 4, 2010.

Ms. Basri is also a documentary film producer and her films havebeen shown at film festivals and on PBS. Recently, she produced adocumentary on hemophiliacs in Iraq who got AIDS through taintedblood parts for the Iraqi Red Crescent. She has advised, on a pro bonobasis, a preparatory PBS production of Saddam’s trial. Finally, she hasbeen a commentator on the Iraqi elections and constitution forMSNBC, CNN, FOX and Al Iraqiya TV.

IRVING KAGAN is a 1958 graduate of New York University School ofLaw. He was admitted to the New York bar in 1958, and established aprivate practice in New York City. He was an attorney in various seniorpositions with the U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division,from 1960 to 1968; Senior Vice President and General Counsel for The

xi(Basri/Kagan, Rel. #13, 8/18)

About the Authors

Hertz Corporation from 1968 to 1986; and Senior Vice President,Secretary and General Counsel, and member of the Board of Directorsof the GAF Corporation from 1986 to 1992.

Following initial retirement from active practice, Mr. Kagan served asco-director of the New York University School of Law Conference onCorporate Lawyering, as well as Adjunct Assistant Professor ofCorporate Law at Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law and Universityof Pennsylvania School of Law. Mr. Kagan has also acted as GeneralCounsel and Special Counsel to various public and private companies.He is currently with Kagan Consultants in New York City.

Mr. Kagan is also past President of the Law Review AlumniAssociation of New York University School of Law, and an author,lecturer, consultant, and recognized expert on the subjects of corporategovernance, corporate compliance, and the practice of law in acorporation.


xii

Table of Chapters

VOLUME 1

Chapter 1 Corporate Law Departments—Current Status

Chapter 2 Organization

Chapter 3 The Corporate Lawyer

Chapter 4 Law Office Management

Chapter 5 Strategic Planning and the Corporate LawDepartment

Chapter 6 Law Department Technology

Chapter 7 Law Department Productivity: Re-Engineering,Benchmarking, and Client Surveys

Chapter 8 The Client—Ethical Considerations

Chapter 9 Confidentiality of Communications

Chapter 10 Legal Services Unique to In-House Counsel

Chapter 11 Corporate Compliance Programs

Chapter 12 Internal Investigations

Chapter 13 Crisis Management

Chapter 14 Litigation Management

Chapter 15 Retaining and Managing Outside Counsel

Chapter 16 Corporate Governance

Chapter 17 Globalization and In-House Counsel

Chapter 18 The Sole In-House Practitioner

Epilogue: Future of the Corporate Counsel

(Basri/Kagan, Rel. #13, 8/18) xiii

VOLUME 2

Appendix A In-House Counsel’s Handbook

Appendix A1 The Federal Antitrust Laws

Appendix A2 Employment Law

Appendix A3 Environmental Law

Appendix A4 Securities Laws

Appendix A5 Whistleblower Provisions of the Dodd-FrankAct

Appendix A6 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

Appendix A7 Export Control Laws

Appendix A8 U.S. Customs Law and Compliance

Appendix A9 Money Laundering and Asset Forfeiture

Appendix A10 Intellectual Property in MarketingCommunications

Appendix A11 Privacy and Data Protection Law

Appendix A12 Advertising and Promotion Liability

Appendix A13 Arbitration

Appendix A14 Electronic Discovery: Being Prepared forLitigation

Appendix A15 Bankruptcy

Appendix A16 Accounting for Nonaccountants

Appendix A17 Immigration Law

Appendix A18 A Policyholder’s Primer on Insurance

Appendix A19 Real Estate Leasing Transactions

Appendix A20 In-House Counsel Pro Bono Programs


xiv

Table of Contents

VOLUME 1

About the Authors ..........................................................................ix

Table of Chapters......................................................................... xiii

Acknowledgments ...................................................................... xxix

Chapter 1 Corporate Law Departments—Current Status

§ 1:1 The New Millennium—Second Decade ........................... 1-1§ 1:2 A Blending of Inside and Outside Legal Resources .......... 1-6§ 1:3 Changing Times ............................................................... 1-7§ 1:4 Management Attitudes ..................................................... 1-8§ 1:5 A Few Parting Thoughts................................................... 1-9

Chapter 2 Organization

§ 2:1 Profile of a General Counsel ............................................ 2-1§ 2:2 Scope of Duties ................................................................ 2-3§ 2:3 Jurisdiction—General Policies and Procedures ................. 2-5§ 2:4 The Compliance/Ethics Officer ........................................ 2-6§ 2:5 Organizational Structure .................................................. 2-6§ 2:6 Modern Law Department Management ........................... 2-8

§ 2:6.1 Six Sigma, Re-Engineering, Value-AddedBusiness Focus, and the ACC Value Challenge ......... 2-8

§ 2:6.2 Performance Benchmarking and Management........ 2-10§ 2:6.3 Organizational Structure ......................................... 2-11§ 2:6.4 Tasks and Processes ................................................ 2-11§ 2:6.5 Staffing Alternatives ................................................ 2-11§ 2:6.6 Technology............................................................... 2-12§ 2:6.7 Crisis Management ................................................. 2-13§ 2:6.8 Corporate Compliance ............................................ 2-13§ 2:6.9 Litigation Management ........................................... 2-13

§ 2:7 Centralization Versus Decentralization.......................... 2-13§ 2:8 Internal Billing Arrangements ........................................ 2-16

(Basri/Kagan, Rel. #13, 8/18) xv

Chapter 3 The Corporate Lawyer

§ 3:1 Attorney Job Descriptions ................................................ 3-2§ 3:2 Assigning Legal Responsibilities ....................................... 3-4

§ 3:2.1 The Generalist........................................................... 3-4§ 3:2.2 The Specialist ............................................................ 3-4§ 3:2.3 The Attorney Manager .............................................. 3-5

§ 3:3 Organizing Along Sectional Lines .................................... 3-6§ 3:4 Recruiting the Professional Staff....................................... 3-6

§ 3:4.1 Recruiting Sources ..................................................... 3-7§ 3:4.2 Developing a Law School Recruiting Program........... 3-8§ 3:4.3 The Interview .......................................................... 3-10§ 3:4.4 Summer and Year-Round Student Internship

Programs.................................................................. 3-11§ 3:5 Bar Requirements ........................................................... 3-12§ 3:6 Attorney Evaluation and Advancement .......................... 3-13

§ 3:6.1 Performance Reviews ............................................... 3-13§ 3:6.2 Advancement ........................................................... 3-14§ 3:6.3 Selecting the Next General Counsel........................ 3-15§ 3:6.4 Other Opportunities for Corporate Lawyers............ 3-15

§ 3:7 Counsel Development .................................................... 3-16§ 3:7.1 Orientation .............................................................. 3-16

§ 3:8 Professional Development Programs .............................. 3-17§ 3:8.1 Purpose .................................................................... 3-17§ 3:8.2 What Counsel Want and Expect from

Senior Attorneys ...................................................... 3-17§ 3:8.3 Selected Legal Subjects Important to the

Company ................................................................. 3-17§ 3:8.4 Continuing Legal Education Courses ...................... 3-18§ 3:8.5 Tracking CLE and In-House Seminar

Participation ............................................................ 3-18§ 3:8.6 Learning More About the Company........................ 3-18§ 3:8.7 Developing a Specialist ............................................ 3-19§ 3:8.8 Exchange Programs.................................................. 3-20§ 3:8.9 Scholar in Residence................................................ 3-20§ 3:8.10 Counsel Rotation Program ...................................... 3-20

§ 3:9 Compensation ................................................................ 3-22§ 3:9.1 Setting Compensation Rates ................................... 3-22§ 3:9.2 Compensation Trends ............................................. 3-24§ 3:9.3 Nonmonetary Incentives ......................................... 3-25

Chapter 4 Law Office Management

§ 4:1 Managing Lawyers............................................................ 4-2§ 4:2 Departmental Size Affects Management .......................... 4-2


xvi

§ 4:3 Management Staff ............................................................ 4-2§ 4:3.1 Legal Administrator................................................... 4-3§ 4:3.2 Paralegal (Legal Assistant) ......................................... 4-3§ 4:3.3 Litigation Paralegal .................................................... 4-5§ 4:3.4 Business Paralegal...................................................... 4-6§ 4:3.5 Corporate and Specialty Law Paralegal ...................... 4-7§ 4:3.6 Legal Secretary ........................................................... 4-9§ 4:3.7 Legal Information Technology Expert ...................... 4-10§ 4:3.8 Librarian/Legal Research .......................................... 4-11§ 4:3.9 Document Manager................................................. 4-12§ 4:3.10 Administrative Assistant ......................................... 4-12

§ 4:4 Other Corporate Departments ....................................... 4-12§ 4:5 Support Systems............................................................. 4-13

§ 4:5.1 Document Construction andTransmission ........................................................... 4-13

§ 4:5.2 Document Storage and Retrieval ............................. 4-14§ 4:5.3 Internal Precedent ................................................... 4-15§ 4:5.4 Budgetary Analysis .................................................. 4-15§ 4:5.5 Legal Fees Analysis .................................................. 4-15§ 4:5.6 Conflicts of Interest................................................. 4-16

§ 4:6 Planning and Reporting.................................................. 4-17§ 4:6.1 Corporate Planning Process..................................... 4-17§ 4:6.2 Long-Range Planning............................................... 4-18§ 4:6.3 Budgeting................................................................. 4-18§ 4:6.4 Risk Management Versus Resource

Management............................................................ 4-19§ 4:6.5 Corporate Reporting Processes ................................ 4-19§ 4:6.6 Internal Reporting Processes.................................... 4-20

Chapter 5 Strategic Planning and the Corporate LawDepartment

§ 5:1 Introduction ..................................................................... 5-1§ 5:2 Long-Range/Strategic Planning ......................................... 5-2§ 5:3 Formulating the Mission.................................................. 5-2§ 5:4 Adding Annual Objectives or Sub-Objectives ................... 5-5§ 5:5 Implementing the Plan..................................................... 5-6§ 5:6 A Case Study in Long-Range/Strategic Planning .............. 5-8§ 5:7 Legal Involvement in Corporate Planning...................... 5-11

§ 5:7.1 Planning and Preventive Law .................................. 5-11§ 5:7.2 In-House Lawyer As a Business Executive .............. 5-13

Chapter 6 Law Department Technology

§ 6:1 Introduction ..................................................................... 6-1§ 6:2 Document Creation.......................................................... 6-5

(Basri/Kagan, Rel. #13, 8/18) xvii

Table of Contents

§ 6:3 Communications.............................................................. 6-6§ 6:4 Litigation Case Management ......................................... 6-11§ 6:5 Nonlitigation Case Management ................................... 6-12§ 6:6 Research and Information .............................................. 6-13§ 6:7 Cloud Computing .......................................................... 6-15§ 6:8 Conferencing .................................................................. 6-17§ 6:9 Other Applications ......................................................... 6-18§ 6:10 How to Select and Leverage Technology Tools ............... 6-18

Chapter 7 Law Department Productivity:Re-Engineering, Benchmarking, andClient Surveys

§ 7:1 Introduction ..................................................................... 7-2§ 7:2 Re-Engineering.................................................................. 7-3

§ 7:2.1 Stage One: Strategic Positioning and Mission........... 7-3§ 7:2.2 Stage Two: Preparation of Change Plan..................... 7-5§ 7:2.3 Stage Three: Identification of Processes .................... 7-5§ 7:2.4 Stage Four: Design and Implementation ................... 7-5

§ 7:3 Total Quality Management: The Forerunner ofRe-Engineering.................................................................. 7-6

§ 7:4 The Role of Client Surveys............................................... 7-8§ 7:5 Benchmarking ................................................................ 7-11

§ 7:5.1 Why Benchmark? .................................................... 7-11§ 7:5.2 How to Benchmark ................................................. 7-11

[A] Internal.................................................................... 7-11[B] External ................................................................... 7-12

§ 7:5.3 Using the Results of Benchmarking ........................ 7-14§ 7:6 Legal Project Management: The Latest Approach .......... 7-15§ 7:7 Parting Thoughts............................................................ 7-16

Exhibit 7A ACC Law Department Client SatisfactionSurvey .................................................................. 7EXA-1

Exhibit 7B Hildebrandt Baker Robbins 2015 LawDepartment Survey—Executive Summary............7EXB-1

Exhibit 7C ALM Law Department Metrics BenchmarkingSurvey (Executive Summary—2015 Edition) ....... 7EXC-1

Exhibit 7D 2010 ACC/Serengeti Managing OutsideCounsel Survey—Press Release............................7EXD-1

Exhibit 7E Altman Weil 2010 Chief Legal OfficerSurvey—Executive Summary ................................7EXE-1

Exhibit 7F Altman Weil 2015 Chief Legal OfficerSurvey—Introduction............................................7EXF-1

Exhibit 7G ACC 2015 Chief Legal OfficersSurvey—Executive Summary ...............................7EXG-1


xviii

Chapter 8 The Client—Ethical Considerations

§ 8:1 Introduction ..................................................................... 8-1§ 8:2 Who Is the Client? ........................................................... 8-2§ 8:3 Malpractice..................................................................... 8-22

Chapter 9 Confidentiality of Communications

§ 9:1 Introduction ..................................................................... 9-1§ 9:2 Attorney-Client Privilege .................................................. 9-2§ 9:3 Work-Product Doctrine .................................................. 9-12§ 9:4 Self-Evaluative Privilege .................................................. 9-21§ 9:5 Whistleblowing............................................................... 9-24§ 9:6 Waiver............................................................................. 9-32§ 9:7 Retaliatory Discharge/Wrongful Termination ................. 9-47§ 9:8 The Privilege Internationally.......................................... 9-49§ 9:9 Accountant-Client Privilege............................................ 9-53

Exhibit 9A ABA Report on Attorney-Client Privilege forIn-House Counsel................................................ 9EXA-1

Chapter 10 Legal Services Unique to In-House Counsel

§ 10:1 Proactive/Reactive Lawyering.......................................... 10-1§ 10:2 Involvement in the Corporate Planning

Process............................................................................ 10-2§ 10:3 Compliance Programs .................................................... 10-3§ 10:4 General Legal Audits ...................................................... 10-3§ 10:5 Litigation Audits............................................................. 10-5§ 10:6 Handling Government Inquiries .................................... 10-8§ 10:7 Conflicts of Interest........................................................ 10-9§ 10:8 Opinions of Counsel ...................................................... 10-9§ 10:9 Drafting Affidavits ........................................................ 10-10§ 10:10 Crisis Counseling/Management ................................... 10-10§ 10:11 Record Retention Rules ................................................ 10-11§ 10:12 Providing Legal Services to Employees ......................... 10-12

§ 10:12.1 On Company Matters ........................................... 10-12§ 10:12.2 On Personal Matters ............................................. 10-13

§ 10:13 Non-Legal Functions of Law Department .................... 10-15§ 10:13.1 Attorneys ............................................................... 10-15

Exhibit 10A Checklist for Responding to SearchWarrants ............................................................ 10EXA-1

Exhibit 10B Model Records Retention Guideline .................. 10EXB-1

Exhibit 10C Model Corporate Records Retention Plan.......... 10EXC-1

(Basri/Kagan, Rel. #13, 8/18)

Table of Contents

xix

Chapter 11 Corporate Compliance Programs

§ 11:1 Introduction ................................................................... 11-2§ 11:2 Necessity of Compliance Programs ................................ 11-2§ 11:3 Effect of Compliance Programs ...................................... 11-2§ 11:4 Effective Compliance Programs and Early Detection ..... 11-3§ 11:5 Effective Compliance Programs and Their Influence

on a Prosecutor ’s Decision to Indict .............................. 11-4§ 11:6 Effective Compliance Programs Can Mitigate

Penalties upon Conviction ............................................. 11-5§ 11:6.1 Dodd-Frank Whistleblower Program ....................... 11-6

§ 11:7 Possible Downside to Implementing a ComplianceProgram.......................................................................... 11-7

§ 11:7.1 Enthusiasm.............................................................. 11-8§ 11:7.2 Knowledge of the Industry/Company ...................... 11-8§ 11:7.3 Knowledge of the Law.............................................. 11-9

§ 11:8 Implementing an Effective Compliance Program......... 11-10§ 11:9 Compliance and Terrorism........................................... 11-12§ 11:10 Compliance Program Subjects...................................... 11-13

§ 11:10.1 Antitrust ................................................................ 11-13§ 11:10.2 Environmental ....................................................... 11-16§ 11:10.3 Employment .......................................................... 11-18§ 11:10.4 Intellectual Property .............................................. 11-19§ 11:10.5 Securities Laws ...................................................... 11-20

Exhibit 11A U.S. Department of Justice, Principles of FederalProsecution of Business Organizations(Filip Memorandum) ......................................... 11EXA-1

Exhibit 11B A Practical Guide to the Sarbanes-OxleyAct of 2002.........................................................11EXB-1

Exhibit 11C Press Release, SEC Adopts Rules to EstablishWhistleblower Program (May 25, 2011) ............ 11EXC-1

Exhibit 11D U.S. Department of Justice, Accountability forCorporate Wrongdoing (Yates Memorandum).....11EXD-1

Chapter 12 Internal Investigations

§ 12:1 Introduction ................................................................... 12-1§ 12:2 Who Should Conduct the Internal Investigation?.......... 12-5

§ 12:2.1 In-House Counsel.................................................... 12-5§ 12:2.2 Outside Counsel...................................................... 12-6§ 12:2.3 Private Investigators and Consulting Firms ............ 12-7

§ 12:3 Investigative Strategies ................................................... 12-9§ 12:4 Confidentiality of Communications............................. 12-11§ 12:5 Preserving the Privileges ............................................... 12-13§ 12:6 Authorization Process................................................... 12-14


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§ 12:7 Document Production .................................................. 12-14§ 12:8 Employee Interviews and Relations.............................. 12-15§ 12:9 Resolving and Closing the Investigation ...................... 12-17

Exhibit 12A Checklist for Internal Investigations:Practical Pointers to Remember Duringan Internal Investigation ................................... 12EXA-1

Exhibit 12B Request for Authorization to Conductan Internal Investigation ................................... 12EXB-1

Exhibit 12C Authorization for an InternalInvestigation ...................................................... 12EXC-1

Exhibit 12D Authorization of Outside Counsel toConduct an Internal Investigation.....................12EXD-1

Exhibit 12E Sample Letter Creating a ConfidentialRelationship with a Consultant..........................12EXE-1

Exhibit 12F Memorandum to Employees AdvisingThem of Investigation ........................................12EXF-1

Chapter 13 Crisis Management

§ 13:1 Crisis Management and Terrorism................................. 13-1§ 13:2 Corporate Crisis: A View from the Media and the

Public..................................................................................... 13-1§ 13:3 The Nature of a Corporate Crisis .................................. 13-2§ 13:4 Pre-Crisis Planning......................................................... 13-2§ 13:5 Dealing with a Crisis ..................................................... 13-5§ 13:6 When the Smoke Clears................................................. 13-9

Exhibit 13A What to Do When: A Primer on HowCorporate Counsel Deal with Disasterand Handle Crisis.............................................. 13EXA-1

Chapter 14 Litigation Management

§ 14:1 Introduction ................................................................... 14-3§ 14:2 Considerations in Developing a Litigation

Management Strategy..................................................... 14-4§ 14:2.1 Cost Control............................................................ 14-4

[A] Using Corporate Resources...................................... 14-4[B] Avoiding Unnecessary Legal Services ...................... 14-4

§ 14:2.2 High-Quality Representation................................... 14-5[A] Benefiting from In-House Knowledge and

Expertise .................................................................. 14-5[B] Community Parochialism, Pro Hac Vice Rules,

and Procedural and Evidentiary Variations .............. 14-6


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§ 14:3 Intangible Benefits Associated with HandlingLitigation In-House ........................................................ 14-7

§ 14:4 Some Practical Impediments to HandlingLitigation In-House ........................................................ 14-8

§ 14:5 E-Discovery Management............................................... 14-8§ 14:5.1 Retaining Electronic Data........................................ 14-9

[A] Obligation to Preserve Electronic Data.................. 14-10[B] Fulfillment of Document Preservation

Obligations ............................................................ 14-12§ 14:5.2 Managing E-Discovery........................................... 14-14

[A] Cost Control.......................................................... 14-15[B] Time Saving........................................................... 14-16[C] Litigation Readiness; Early Case Assessment ........ 14-16

§ 14:5.3 Electronic Discovery Strategy ................................ 14-17[A] Evaluating the Preservation Obligation ................. 14-17[B] Anticipating the Scope of Discovery...................... 14-18[C] Researching Opposition and Developing

Offensive Strategy .................................................. 14-18[D] Strategizing the Discovery ..................................... 14-18[E] Negotiating the Discovery ..................................... 14-19

§ 14:5.4 Electronic Discovery Conclusion........................... 14-19[A] Electronic Discovery Timeline............................... 14-19[B] Form 35................................................................. 14-20

§ 14:6 General Considerations................................................ 14-21§ 14:7 Current Trends in Litigation Strategies ........................ 14-22§ 14:8 Three Litigation Strategies ........................................... 14-22

§ 14:8.1 Option One: Only Manage Litigation ................... 14-22[A] Degree of Management.......................................... 14-23[B] Staff Considerations .............................................. 14-24[C] Information System Required................................ 14-24[D] Cost Control.......................................................... 14-24[E] Learning from Experience ...................................... 14-25

§ 14:8.2 Option Two: Manage and Litigate ......................... 14-25[A] Criteria for Selecting Cases to Litigate

In-House................................................................ 14-25[A][1] Nature of the Case ............................................ 14-25[A][2] Geographic Considerations ............................... 14-26[A][3] Training Opportunity ........................................ 14-26[A][4] Availability of In-House Resources—Monetary

Cutoffs .............................................................. 14-26[B] Using the Criteria.................................................. 14-27[C] Other Considerations in Selecting Option

Two........................................................................ 14-28[C][1] Staff ................................................................... 14-28[C][2] Information System Required ........................... 14-28[C][3] Cost Control ..................................................... 14-28


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[C][4] Learning from Experience ................................. 14-29[C][5] Intangible Factors .............................................. 14-29

§ 14:8.3 Option Three: Litigate All But Unusual Cases ..... 14-29[A] Cost Control.......................................................... 14-30[B] Staff Considerations .............................................. 14-30[C] Successful Outside Counsel Relationships ............ 14-31[D] Support Structure .................................................. 14-31[E] Intangible Benefits ................................................. 14-31

§ 14:8.4 Steps to Successfully Handling Litigation In-House.... 14-32[A] Achieving Maximum Efficiencies .......................... 14-32

§ 14:9 Choosing a Litigation Strategy ..................................... 14-33§ 14:10 Performing a Litigation Risk Analysis .......................... 14-33§ 14:11 Building a Decision Tree .............................................. 14-35

§ 14:11.1 Decision Tree: Decision to Settle .......................... 14-35§ 14:12 Evaluate the Summons and Service ............................. 14-36§ 14:13 Evaluate the Complaint and Liability........................... 14-36

§ 14:13.1 Checklist for Evaluating Complaint and Liability .....14-37§ 14:14 Pursue Early Resolution or Obtain an Extension

of Time......................................................................... 14-37§ 14:15 Investigate the Facts and Contact Clients.................... 14-38

§ 14:15.1 Opposing Counsel ................................................. 14-38§ 14:15.2 Clients ................................................................... 14-38§ 14:15.3 Insured Liabilities .................................................. 14-39§ 14:15.4 Workers’ Compensation ........................................ 14-39§ 14:15.5 Manager and Location........................................... 14-39§ 14:15.6 Customer Service or Complaints Department ...... 14-40§ 14:15.7 Other In-House Attorneys ..................................... 14-40§ 14:15.8 Other Corporate Staff ............................................ 14-41§ 14:15.9 Employee Indemnification..................................... 14-41§ 14:15.10 General Points for All Clients ............................... 14-42§ 14:15.11 Privileged Communications .................................. 14-42§ 14:15.12 Other Sources of Information................................ 14-43§ 14:15.13 Special Considerations .......................................... 14-43

§ 14:16 Preventive Counseling .................................................. 14-43§ 14:17 Early Settlement/Alternate Dispute Resolution ............ 14-44§ 14:18 What Is Early Settlement/Alternate Dispute

Resolution?................................................................... 14-44§ 14:19 Trends........................................................................... 14-45§ 14:20 Pros and Cons .............................................................. 14-46§ 14:21 Setting a Policy ............................................................. 14-46§ 14:22 Steps to Early Resolution.............................................. 14-48

§ 14:22.1 Contact Plaintiff ’s Attorney and ObtainExtension of Time ................................................. 14-48

§ 14:23 Settlement Authority .................................................... 14-49§ 14:24 When to Invoke ADR................................................... 14-49§ 14:25 Picking the Best Option ............................................... 14-50


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§ 14:26 What a Third Party Can Do......................................... 14-50§ 14:27 Administrative Procedures and Litigation Support....... 14-50

§ 14:27.1 Computerized Litigation Support .......................... 14-50[A] Case Management and Integrated Data Base........ 14-51[B] Professional Fees Analysis ..................................... 14-52[C] Calendar ................................................................ 14-52[D] Computerized Legal Research................................ 14-52[E] In-House Information Storage and Retrieval

Systems.................................................................. 14-53[F] Client and Outside Counsel Communication....... 14-53[G] Document Management and Trial Assistance....... 14-53[H] Other Computer Applications ............................... 14-54

§ 14:27.2 In-House Resources ............................................... 14-54[A] Library ................................................................... 14-54[B] Standard Forms ..................................................... 14-54[C] Other Resources..................................................... 14-55

§ 14:27.3 Administrative Procedures..................................... 14-55[A] Processing a New Lawsuit ..................................... 14-55[B] Procedures for Bringing Suit .................................. 14-56

Chapter 15 Retaining and Managing Outside Counsel

§ 15:1 Introduction ................................................................... 15-2§ 15:2 Change Is the Touchstone.............................................. 15-3§ 15:3 When to Retain Outside Counsel .................................. 15-4

§ 15:3.1 Authority to Hire..................................................... 15-4§ 15:3.2 Determining When Outside Counsel Is Needed ..... 15-5

§ 15:4 In-House Versus Outside Counsel ................................. 15-6§ 15:4.1 Law Department...................................................... 15-6§ 15:4.2 Outside Counsel...................................................... 15-7

§ 15:5 Selecting Outside Counsel.............................................. 15-7§ 15:5.1 Methods: RFP, Beauty Contest, Auction.................. 15-7§ 15:5.2 The Selection Process ............................................ 15-12

§ 15:6 Establishing Guidelines and DividingResponsibilities............................................................. 15-14

§ 15:6.1 The Role of Staff Counsel ..................................... 15-17§ 15:6.2 The Role of Outside Counsel ................................ 15-18

§ 15:7 Controlling Costs ......................................................... 15-20§ 15:7.1 Developing a Budget .............................................. 15-21§ 15:7.2 Billing Policies ....................................................... 15-22§ 15:7.3 Hourly Billing ........................................................ 15-26§ 15:7.4 Alternative Fee Arrangements ............................... 15-27

[A] Fixed Fee................................................................ 15-28[B] Premium or Value Billing ...................................... 15-29[C] Contingency Fees................................................... 15-29[D] Third-Party Commercial Litigation Funding ......... 15-29


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§ 15:8 Evaluating Outside Counsel ......................................... 15-31§ 15:9 What Outside Counsel Expect of Law

Departments................................................................. 15-32§ 15:10 The Goal: Realizing Cost-Effective Quality

Service .......................................................................... 15-36

Exhibit 15A Sample Letter of Engagement ............................ 15EXA-1

Exhibit 15B Sample Budget Cover Letter .............................. 15EXB-1

Exhibit 15C Sample Budget ................................................... 15EXC-1

Exhibit 15D Sample Outside Counsel Cost Analysis ............15EXD-1

Exhibit 15E Sample Budget Reconciliation Letter ..................15EXE-1

Exhibit 15F Sample Bill Discrepancy Letter ...........................15EXF-1

Exhibit 15G Outside Counsel Invoice Checklist ...................15EXG-1

Exhibit 15H Sample Invoice Correction Letter ......................15EXH-1

Exhibit 15I Sample Invoice Deficiency Letter........................ 15EXI-1

Chapter 16 Corporate Governance

§ 16:1 Introduction ................................................................... 16-1§ 16:2 Duty of Care................................................................... 16-3

§ 16:2.1 Basic Considerations ............................................... 16-3§ 16:2.2 Duty of Care in the Decision-Making

Context.................................................................... 16-6§ 16:2.3 Duty of Care in the Non-Decision-Making

(or Monitoring) Context ........................................ 16-12§ 16:2.4 Corporate Social Responsibility ............................. 16-14

§ 16:3 The Business Judgment Rule........................................ 16-16§ 16:3.1 Classic Business Judgment Rule............................ 16-16§ 16:3.2 Enhanced Business Judgment Rule........................ 16-17§ 16:3.3 Operative Elements of the Classic Business

Judgment Rule ....................................................... 16-18§ 16:4 The Caremark Case and Directors’ Duty to

Establish Compliance Programs................................... 16-19§ 16:5 Dilemma of Counsel Serving on Board of

Directors....................................................................... 16-21§ 16:5.1 Benefits of the Dual Role....................................... 16-23§ 16:5.2 Conflicts of Interest and Independence As a

Lawyer ................................................................... 16-24§ 16:5.3 Issues of Liability................................................... 16-27§ 16:5.4 Attorney-Client Privilege Compromised................ 16-28§ 16:5.5 Risk-Minimizing Suggestions ................................ 16-29

§ 16:6 Miscellaneous Issues .................................................... 16-30§ 16:6.1 Exculpation............................................................ 16-30§ 16:6.2 Indemnification ..................................................... 16-31


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Chapter 17 Globalization and In-House Counsel

Exhibit 17A Table of Chapters, International CorporatePractice .............................................................. 17EXA-1

Chapter 18 The Sole In-House Practitioner

§ 18:1 Introduction ................................................................... 18-1§ 18:2 The Advent of the Sole In-House Lawyer ...................... 18-2§ 18:3 Profile of a Sole Practitioner ........................................... 18-2§ 18:4 Role of the Sole Practitioner........................................... 18-3§ 18:5 Interfacing with Top Management ................................. 18-4§ 18:6 Major Legal Duties and Responsibilities ........................ 18-5§ 18:7 Comparing the Sole Practitioner ’s Role with

That of the Larger Law Department .............................. 18-8§ 18:8 Relationship with Outside Counsel................................ 18-9§ 18:9 Peculiar Needs and Problems of the

Sole Practitioner ........................................................... 18-11§ 18:9.1 Professional Interaction vs. Isolation..................... 18-12§ 18:9.2 Career Development Opportunities and

Limitations ............................................................ 18-13§ 18:9.3 Compensation ....................................................... 18-14§ 18:9.4 Support Resources ................................................. 18-15§ 18:9.5 Budgets .................................................................. 18-15§ 18:9.6 Pro Bono and Other Activities............................... 18-16§ 18:9.7 Ethical Pressures.................................................... 18-16

§ 18:10 Starting a One-Person Law Department....................... 18-17

Epilogue: Future of the Corporate Counsel......................E-1


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VOLUME 2

Table of Chapters...........................................................................vii

Appendices

Appendix A In-House Counsel’s Handbook................... App. A-1

Appendix A1 The Federal Antitrust Laws ...................... App. A1-1

Appendix A2 Employment Law ..................................... App. A2-1

Appendix A3 Environmental Law................................... App. A3-1

Appendix A4 Securities Laws ......................................... App. A4-1

Appendix A5 Whistleblower Provisions of theDodd-Frank Act ........................................ App. A5-1

Appendix A6 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act................... App. A6-1

Text of the Foreign CorruptPractices Act ........................................... App. A6-19

Appendix A7 Export Control Laws................................. App. A7-1

Appendix A8 U.S. Customs Law and Compliance......... App. A8-1

Appendix A9 Money Laundering and AssetForfeiture .................................................. App. A9-1

Appendix A10 Intellectual Property inMarketing Communications................... App. A10-1

Appendix A11 Privacy and Data Protection Law .......... App. A11-1

Appendix A12 Advertising and Promotion Liability....... App. A12-1

Appendix A13 Arbitration .............................................. App. A13-1

Appendix A14 Electronic Discovery: Being Preparedfor Litigation ........................................... App. A14-1

Appendix A15 Bankruptcy.............................................. App. A15-1

Appendix A16 Accounting for Nonaccountants ............. App. A16-1

Appendix A17 Immigration Law .................................... App. A17-1

Appendix A18 A Policyholder ’s Primer on Insurance ..... App. A18-1

Appendix A19 Real Estate Leasing Transactions ............ App. A19-1

Appendix A20 In-House Counsel Pro BonoPrograms................................................. App. A20-1

Index ................................................................................................ I-1


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Acknowledgments

The authors owe much to many who helped produce this latestedition, but none is more deserving of our praise and appreciation thanJ. Randolph Ayre, who literally “wrote the book” on the corporate practiceof law in creating the earlier versions of what is widely acclaimed as thefundamental guide to corporate lawyering.

Our task, in following Mr. Ayre’s exceptional lead, was a relativelysimple one—much like renovating a finely designed and well con-structed building: keep it essentially as conceived, modernize asnecessary, refine where appropriate, and, if compatible, incorporatenew and additional features, all of which, if correctly applied, shouldenhance the quality and strength of the original structure. We trust wehave done that; and that the student and practitioner alike will findthis latest work a helpful guide and useful source of information inthis dynamic field of legal activity.

For their help in preparing the Fourth Edition, we thank DeniseCohen, Neha Bhalani, Sam Schiffer, Eric Feuer, Katherine Annand,Pauline Schafle, Laura Carlucci, Amanda Rostowsky, SeverinStadtmann, Rivkah Morgenstern, Kristen Morrell, and Diana Kroner.Thanks are also due to Chen Lu for help in preparing Release #8.

CAROLE BASRI

IRVING KAGAN

(Basri/Kagan, Rel. #13, 8/18) xxix