corruption and anti-corruption issues in afghanistan

8/3/2019 Corruption and Anti-Corruption Issues in Afghanistan

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2/48

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P}eqef K& Wxò

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Eaae`}p ja @jttu~}hjf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1

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@bk~}et =& @jttu~}hjf ! Hfatkp}tu }ute hf Kalbkfhp}kf dx Tkhfet Ljfwkcew ^kcku &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 40

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@jttu~}hjf hf }be Hfatkp}tu`}ute Pe`}jt hf Kalbkfhp}kf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 45

K~~tjk`bep ! Ie`bkfhpip }j Temuè @jttu~}hjf hf }be Hfatkp}tu`}ute Pe`}jt&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 4

Ak`}jtp Ef`jutklhfl ! Mhp`jutklhfl AMH &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0;Ceqecp ja AMH hf Kalbkfhp}kf&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 04

Hfqep}ief} ! @jttu~}hjf hf Kalbkfhp}kf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 00

Temu`hfl @jttu~}hjf# Hf`tekphfl Hfqep}ief} &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0=

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@bk~}et 1& @jttu~}hjf ! }be Kalbkf Peùth}x Ajtèp dx Ikto @be``bhk &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 01

]be Kalbkf Fk}hjfkc Ktix &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0

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Kfferep

Kffer K& êtè~}hjfp ja @jttu~}hjf hf Kalbkfhp}kf# dx ^tjqhfè &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& =0

Kffer D& Kf}h)@jttu~}hjf Hfp}h}u}hjfp hf Kalbkfhp}kf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ==

Kffer @& Oex Mjùief}p jf Emu`k}hjf ! @jttu~}hjf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& =5

Kffer M& Kmmh}hjfkc Tepjutèp jf @jttu~}hjf kfm }be KFPA &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& =1


4/48


Mhp`ckhiet

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5/48

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kmmtepp `jttu~}hjf k} ~teqhjup `jfaetefèp kfm |h}bhf }be p`j~e ja }be Kalbkf Fk}hjfkc Meqecj~ief} P}tk}elx

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atkie|jto# ~u} ajt|ktm }beht j|f meahfh}hjfp& ]be Kphkf Meqecj~ief} Dkfo"KMD(# kf hf}etfk}hjfkc ahfkf`hkc

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}be ~thqk}e pe`}jt(hi~tj~etcx kfm ufck|auccx efth`b }beipecqepkfm*jt }bjpe `cjpe }j }beijt hfmuè j}betp

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jqetpeef dx P}eakfhe Fhgppef# @A@ Kalbkfhp}kf Ljqetfkfè ! Tuce ja Ck| Ofj|cemle Ikfklet "p}eakfhe&fhgppefN`hih`|ed&jtl( kfm @A@

Kalbkfhp}kf ]eki Cekmet P}eqef K& Wxò "p}eqe&wxòN`hih`|ed&jtl(&

@
http://www.cipe.org/blog/?p=7828http://www.cipe.org/blog/?p=7828http://www.cipe.org/http://www.cipe.org/http://www.cipe.org/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/global-issues/afghanistan/policing-justice/tackling-corruptionhttp://www.fco.gov.uk/en/global-issues/afghanistan/policing-justice/tackling-corruptionhttp://www.undp.org.af/publications/KeyDocuments/ANDS_Full_Eng.pdfhttp://www.undp.org.af/publications/KeyDocuments/ANDS_Full_Eng.pdfhttp://www.undp.org.af/publications/KeyDocuments/ANDS_Full_Eng.pdfhttp://www.iwaweb.org/http://www.iwaweb.org/http://www.iwaweb.org/http://www.transparency.org/http://www.transparency.org/http://www.transparency.org/http://www.springerlink.com/content/r6u71461u3471964/http://www.springerlink.com/content/r6u71461u3471964/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faqhttp://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faqhttp://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faqhttp://gbr.pepperdine.edu/2010/08/corruption-across-borders/http://gbr.pepperdine.edu/2010/08/corruption-across-borders/http://www.adb.org/http://www.adb.org/http://www.adb.org/http://www.adb.org/documents/policies/anticorruption/anticorrupt300.asphttp://www.adb.org/documents/policies/anticorruption/anticorrupt300.asphttp://www.adb.org/documents/policies/anticorruption/anticorrupt300.asphttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7839953.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7839953.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7839953.stmmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7839953.stmhttp://www.adb.org/documents/policies/anticorruption/anticorrupt300.asphttp://www.adb.org/http://gbr.pepperdine.edu/2010/08/corruption-across-borders/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faqhttp://www.springerlink.com/content/r6u71461u3471964/http://www.transparency.org/http://www.iwaweb.org/http://www.undp.org.af/publications/KeyDocuments/ANDS_Full_Eng.pdfhttp://www.fco.gov.uk/en/global-issues/afghanistan/policing-justice/tackling-corruptionhttp://www.cipe.org/http://www.cipe.org/blog/?p=7828


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^k`hah` "UFEP@K^( mhaaetef}hk}em de}|eef bhlb)ceqec kfm cj|)ceqec `jttu~}hjf&Bhlb)ceqec `jttu~}hjf hp }be

fkie lhqef }j }be ihp`jfmu`} dx bhlb tkfohfl jaah`hkcp jt ~jch}h`hkfp# |bj kte kctekmx |ekc}bx kfm ~thqhcelem

mue }j }beht ~jp}& Jf }be j}bet bkfm# UFEP@K^ hfmh`k}ep }bk} cj|)ceqec `jttu~}hjf j`ùtp |bef `hqhc petqkf}p

eflkle hf `jttu~} debkqhjut hf jtmet }j pu~~ceief} }beht cj| pkckthep&

@kupep ja @jttu~}hjf

Dexjfm meahfh}hjfp kfm `k}eljthep ja `jttu~}hjf# }be qkthem `kupep ja `jttu~}hjf bkqe kcpj teèhqem phlfhah`kf}

k}}ef}hjf& ]be Ufh}em Fk}hjfp Jaahè jf Mtulp kfm @thie "UFJM@(# |bh`b ckuf`bem kikgjt jfchfe tepjutè

ajt }tkòhfl `jttu~}hjf# fj}ep }bk} `jttu~}hjf hp fj} gup} k ajti ja `thihfkch}x du} hp kcpj teace`}hqe ja mee~et

pj`hkc# ùc}utkc kfm e`jfjih` ak`}jtp# |bh`b iup} kcpj de kmmteppem hf jtmet }j ih}hlk}e }bhp ~tjdcei& K

pece`}hjf ja pu`b ak`}jtp hp ~tjqhmem decj|&

UFEP@K^ fj}ep }bk} jaah`hkcp mephte }j teikhf hf k ~jph}hjf ja ku}bjth}x cekmp ikfx }j eflkle hf bhlb)ceqec

`jttu~}hjf hf jtmet }j ektf ~jch}h`kc akqjutp jt `ki~khlf ahfkf`hfl# ajt hfp}kfè&Cj|)ceqec jttu~}hjf# jf }be

j}bet bkfm# k~~ektp }j de k feem mthqef ~tjèpp# pkxp UFEP@K^& Cj| |klep ~khm }j ~udch` )pe`}jt jaah`hkcp#

hf`cumhfl ~jchè jaahètp# kte decheqem }j ajtè }bei }j peeo pu~~ceief}kc pjutèp ja ijfex }btjulb dthdetx&Aut}betijte# duhcmhfl u~jf }bhp mhqhphjf de}|eef `kupep ja bhlb kfm cj|)ceqec `jttu~}hjf# UFEP@K^ chp}p

`jfmh}hjfp ufmet |bh`b k `jttu~} pxp}ei hp choecx }j eietle& Jfe pu`b `jfmh}hjf hp }be erhp}efè ja

dutmefpjie ck|p# tucep# teluck}hjfp kfm kmihfhp}tk}hqe ~tjèmutep& Pu`b k ph}uk}hjf te~jt}emcx cekmp `h}hwefp#

duphfeppep kfm j}betp }j jaaet dthdep hf jtmet }j fkqhlk}e }be ikwe ja teluck}hjfp& UFEP@K^ kcpj pkxp }bk}

`jttu~}hjf de`jiep ~tjdceik}h` |bete kmihfhp}tk}jtp kte lhqef k ltek} mekc ja acerhdhch}x }j hf}et~te}

teluck}hjfp kfm tucep "e&l |bef# |bete# bj| kfm }j |bji tucep k~~cx(& Hf pu`b k ph}uk}hjf# }be pudge`}hqh}x ja

teluck}jtx efajtèief} `kf `tek}e j~~jt}ufh}hep ajt `jttu~}hjf kfm dthde)peeohfl# |bh`b hp kcpj `jiijfcx

teaettem }j kp tef})peeohfl debkqhjut& K }bhtm `jfmh}hjf ufmet |bh`b `jttu~}hjf hp choecx }j meqecj~ hp k

pxp}ei }bk} bkp |eko efajtèief} ie`bkfhpip kfm hp ufkdce }j bjcm }be kmihfhp}tk}jtp kfm j}betp k``juf}kdce

|bef `jttu~}hjf hp pup~e`}em jt ajufm&

]be Ufh}em Fk}hjfp Meqecj~ief} ^tjltkiie "UFM^( ~tepef}p }be `kupep ja `jttu~}hjf hf }etip ja

ljqetfief}kc kfm ~thqk}e pe`}jt pxp}eipqucfetkdhch}x }j `jttu~}hjf& K``jtmhfl }j }be UFM^# bhlb ceqecp ja

mhp`te}hjfktx ~j|et kfm*jt ckò ja `ji~e}h}hjf ikoep }be pxp}eip ijte qucfetkdce }j `jttu~}hjf& Hf `jf}tkp}#

}be erhp}efè ja k``juf}kdhch}x# bhlb ceqecp ja e}bh`p*hf}elth}x kfm }tkfp~ktef`x ikoe k pxp}ei ijte tephp}kf} }j

`jttu~}hjf& UFM^ ei~bkphpep }bk} `jttu~}hjf hp aufmkief}kccx `kupem dx k ckò ja ljjm kfm eaae`}hqe

ljqetfkfè&

Hf kmmh}hjf# UFM^ jaaetp k chp} ja `jiijfcx `h}em `kupep ja `jttu~}hjf kphme atji }be `kupep ief}hjfem

kdjqe& ]bhp chp} hf`cumep7 "h( k ckò ja tucep# jqetphlb} kfm efajtèief}? "hh( hfp}h}u}hjfkc |ekofeppep hf

celhpck}hqe kfm gumh`hkc pxp}eip? "hhh( cj| hf`jiep ajt ~udch` jaah`hkcp? "hq( bhlb te|ktmp `ji~ktem }j thpop ajt

`jttu~} debkqhjut? kfm "q( k cj| choechbjjm ja bkqhfl `jttu~}hjf me}e`}em& Pu`b k ahfmhfl hp qkchmk}em kfm

pu~~ceief}em dx Hf}elth}x \k} b Kalbkfhp}kfp 4>;> @jttu~}hjf Putqex# |bh`b chp}p ~etèhqem `kupep ja

`jttu~}hjfhf Kalbkfhp}kf7 10% ja Kalbkf decheqe h} hp `kupem dx |eko k``juf}kdhch}x pxp}eip? 5


7/48


Eaae`}p ja @jttu~}hjf

]tkfp~ktef`x Hf}etfk}hjfkc erkihfep }be ~jch}h`kc kfm e`jfjih` `jp}p kfm eaae`}p ja `jttu~}hjf& ^jch}h`kccx#

`jttu~}hjf hp mep`thdem kp kf hi~emhief} }j }be meqecj~ief} kfm pup}khfief} ja meij`tk`hep? h} `kupep }be

ufh}p ja }be meij`tk}h` pxp}ei }j cjpe }beht `temhdhch}x# celh}hik`x kfm k``juf}kdhch}x& Kp }be \jtcm Dkfo

|tj}e ijte }bkf k me`kme klj# _pYxp}eih` jttu~}hjfufmetihfep }be celh}hik`x ja ljqetfief}p# ep~e`hkccx hfmeij`tk`hep& Ajt hfp}kfè# Obkchp Pbhf|kth# k qjcuf}eet hfp~e`}jt kpphlfem dx }be cj`kc ecmetp hf Gkckckdkm }j

hmef}hax `kpep ja dkm `tka}pikfpbh~ hf meqecj~ief} ~tjge`}p# }jcm ]be \kpbhfl}jf ^jp} }bk} }be ~ej~ce kte

kfltxdu} }j |bji }bex `kf `ji~ckhf: ]bhp pjt} ja ijuf}hfl mhp`jf}ef}ief}# ~kt}hùckt |bef h} hp fj}

k``ji~kfhem dx kf ju}ce}# ~jpep k ikgjt `bkccefle ajt teck}hqecx xjufl ~jch}h`kc pxp}eip pu`b kp }bjpe hf

Kalbkfhp}kf&

E`jfjih`kccx# `jttu~}hjf te~jt}emcx `jf}thdu}ep }j }be ihpupe ja fk}hjfkc |ekc}b dx k pikcc pelief} ja }be

~j~uck}hjf&Ufe{ukc mhp}thdu}hjfja |ekc}b# |bh`b ja}ef tepuc}p atji `jttu~}hjf# ikx cekm }j ~udch` p~efmhfl

|bh`b hlfjtep }be feemp ja }be kqetkle `h}hwef kfm ~thikthcx petqep }be hf}etep}p ja k fkttj| dkfm ja ech}ep&

]tkfp~ktef`x Hf}etfk}hjfkc kcpj fj}ep }bk} `jttu~}hjf mhp}jt}p akht iktoe} `ji~e}h}hjf kfm# }bup# me}etp

hfqep}ief}p# ~kt}hùcktcx dx cktle kfm te~u}kdce ahtip& Hf kmmh}hjf# k te~jt} dx }be Hf}etfk}hjfkc Ijfe}ktx Aufm

"HIA( chp}p pjie ikgjt e`jfjih` `jfpe{uefèp ja `jttu~}hjf kp }be ajccj|hfl7 "h( bhfmtkfè ja e`jfjih`

ltj|}b? "hh( ihpkccj`k}hjf ja }kcef} lhqef }bk} `jffe`}em tk}bet }bkf {ukchahem hfmhqhmukcp teèhqe `jqe}em

~jph}hjfp? "hhh( temu`}hjf hf }be eaae`}hqefepp ja hf}etfk}hjfkc kpphp}kfè? kfm "hq( cjpp ja }kr teqefue lhqef }bk}

dthdep ikx de ~khm }j eqkme }krep kfm ùp}jip& ]be HIA te~jt} bhlbchlb}p }bk} `jttu~}hjf ikx kcpj cekm bjfep}

kfm `k~kdce hfmhqhmukcp }j kqjhm ~udch` pe`}jt ei~cjxief}& H} kcpj pkxp }bk} cktle)p`kce ~tjge`}p kte ijte

qucfetkdce }j `jttu~}hjf }bkf pikccet# p`k}}etem ~tjge`}p? kp pu`b# `jttu~}hjf bkp te~jt}emcx deef kppj`hk}em

|h}b ~jjtcx)duhc} hfatkp}tu`}ute "h&e phfè `jf}tk`}p ikx de k|ktmem }j dthde)~kxhfl ahtip |bh`b kte fj}

feèppkthcx }be ijp} {ukchahem jt p`tu~ucjup(&

Duhcmhfl u~jf }be `jfpe{uefèp ja `jttu~}hjf fj}em kdjqe# UFM^ erkihfep }be |kx hf |bh`b `jttu~}hjf

ufmetihfep pj`hkc petqhè mechqetxkfm }bup hf`tekpep ~jqet}x& K``jtmhfl }j UFM^# `jttu~}hjf hf`tekpep }be

~thè ja ~udch` petqhèp kfm cj|etp }beht {ukch}x& Ljqetfief} dumle}p ikx ajùp ijte u~jf hppuep hi~jt}kf}}j }be |ekc}bx kfm ~jch}h`kccx `jffe`}em kfm ikx iktlhfkchpe pj`hkc petqhè mechqetx& Aut}betijte# }be

hi~jph}hjf ja dthdep |h}bhf }be ~udch` petqhè iekfp }bk} }be kqetkle bjupebjcm ikx bkqe }j ~kx hf jtmet }j

teèhqe jp}efphdcx atee ~udch` petqhèp&

@jttu~}hjf hf Kalbkfhp}kf

K tkfle ja putqexp kfm p}umhep# mhpùppem decj|# meijfp}tk}e }bk} `jttu~}hjf ~jpep k ikgjt `bkccefle ajt

Kalbkfhp}kf& Ijtejqet# }bete hp kf hf`tekpe hf }be er}ef} ja `jttu~} debkqhjut& Hf 4>;># 55% ja Kalbkfp

putqexem pkhm }bk} `jttu~}hjf |kp k ikgjt ~tjdcei hf }beht mkhcx chqep# u~ atji =4% hf 4>>1 "pee kmmh}hjfkc

p}k}hp}h`p hf ]kdce ;# fer} ~kle(& K ~jt}hjf ja }be k~~tjrhik}ecx UPM 1> dhcchjf hf ajtehlf khm ~tjqhmem }j

Kalbkfhp}kf hf }be ckp} me`kme bkp deef memh`k}em }j p}tefl}befhfl ljqetfkfè kfm `juf}ethfl `jttu~}hjf&Bj|eqet# tepekt`b dx Kalbkfhp}kf er~et}p Kfmte| \hcmet kfm P}ukt} Ljtmjf pbj|p bj| cktle khm acj|p }j

Kalbkfhp}kf bkqehfkmqet}ef}cx bec~em }j auec `jttu~}hjf? cktle kijuf}p ja ijfex bkqe te~jt}emcx deef p~ef}

pj {uhòcx kp }j ~teqef} kme{uk}e kf}h)`jttu~}hjf# }tkfp~ktef`x kfm k``juf}kdhch}x jf}tjcp kfm pkaeluktmp&
http://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faqhttp://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faqhttp://rru.worldbank.org/documents/publicpolicyjournal/074ackerm.pdfhttp://rru.worldbank.org/documents/publicpolicyjournal/074ackerm.pdfhttp://rru.worldbank.org/documents/publicpolicyjournal/074ackerm.pdfhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/17/AR2010101703181.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/17/AR2010101703181.htmlhttp://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faqhttp://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faqhttp://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faqhttp://www.imf.org/http://www.imf.org/http://www.imf.org/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/issues6/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/issues6/http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/download/publication/?version=live&id=2084493http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/download/publication/?version=live&id=2084493http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/canada-in-afghanistan/Afghanistan+culture+corruption+must+ended/5264806/story.htmlhttp://www.montrealgazette.com/news/canada-in-afghanistan/Afghanistan+culture+corruption+must+ended/5264806/story.htmlhttp://www.montrealgazette.com/news/canada-in-afghanistan/Afghanistan+culture+corruption+must+ended/5264806/story.htmlhttp://www.montrealgazette.com/news/canada-in-afghanistan/Afghanistan+culture+corruption+must+ended/5264806/story.htmlhttp://www.montrealgazette.com/news/canada-in-afghanistan/Afghanistan+culture+corruption+must+ended/5264806/story.htmlhttp://www.hks.harvard.edu/cchrp/sbhrap/forum/article_0002/FPMArticle.pdfhttp://www.hks.harvard.edu/cchrp/sbhrap/forum/article_0002/FPMArticle.pdfhttp://www.hks.harvard.edu/cchrp/sbhrap/forum/article_0002/FPMArticle.pdfhttp://www.hks.harvard.edu/cchrp/sbhrap/forum/article_0002/FPMArticle.pdfhttp://www.montrealgazette.com/news/canada-in-afghanistan/Afghanistan+culture+corruption+must+ended/5264806/story.htmlhttp://www.montrealgazette.com/news/canada-in-afghanistan/Afghanistan+culture+corruption+must+ended/5264806/story.htmlhttp://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/download/publication/?version=live&id=2084493http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/issues6/http://www.imf.org/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faqhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/17/AR2010101703181.htmlhttp://rru.worldbank.org/documents/publicpolicyjournal/074ackerm.pdfhttp://www.transparency.org/news_room/faq/corruption_faq


8/48

|||&`hih`|ed&jtl ^kle s >5)4>;>

Pjutè * Hfmh`k}jt 4>>5 4>>1 4>>< 4>>2 4>>8 4>;>

]tkfp~ktef`x Hf}etfk}hjfkc# @jttu~}hjf

êtè~}hjfp Hfmer

"Kalbkfhp}kfp Tkfo*Ju} Ja(

;;


9/48


ê}tkeup mte| `th}h`hpi hf 4>;># k``jtmhfl }j }be @bthp}hkf P`hefè Ijfh}jt# ajt pkxhfl }bk} `jttu~}hjf bkm

kc|kxp deef k ~kt} jaKalbkf bhp}jtx kfm ùc}ute& Pu`b `jiief}p kmmem }j kf jf)ljhfl medk}e `jfètfhfl

|bk} ceqec kfm }x~ep ja `jttu~}hjf ihlb} de k`è~}kdce }j Kalbkfp kfm |bh`b }bex `jfphmetem ufk`è~}kdce&

Hf}elth}x \k}`b Kalbkfhp}kf ~tjqhmep pjie hfphlb} hf}j }bhp hppue }btjulb h}p 4>;> Kalbkfhp}kf putqex& ]be

`bkt} decj| "Ahlute 4( pbj|p }be }x~ep ja `jttu~} debkqhjut |bh`b Kalbkfp pkhm }bex ahfm k`è~}kdce kfm

ufk`è~}kdce& Kp }be mk}k h}peca pbj|p# h} mjep fj} k~~ekt kp ha kfx ~kt}hùckt ajti ja `jttu~}hjf hp dkpem jf}be cj`kc ~j~uck}hjfp j|f putqex tep~jfpep k`è~}kdce }j Kalbkfp&

Ahlute 4& Kalbkfp ]jcetkfè ja Qkthjup ]x~ep ja @jttu~}hjf

Pjutè7Hf}elth}x \k}`b Kalbkfhp}kf# 4>;> Putqex

\h}b kf k|ktefepp ja }be fk}ute kfm eaae`}p ja `jttu~}hjf |h}bhf Kalbkfhp}kf# }be teikhfmet ja `bk~}etp hf }bhp

qjcuie ~tjqhme hfphlb} hf}j p~e`hah` eaae`}p ja `jttu~}hjf u~jf mhaaetef} pe`}jtpljqetfkfè# emu`k}hjf#

hfatkp}tu`}ute# hfqep}ief} kfm peùth}xhf Kalbkfhp}kf kfm |bk} hp dehfl mjfe }j kmmtepp }bei&
http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2010/1207/Petraeus-comments-on-corruption-went-too-far-say-Afghanshttp://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2010/1207/Petraeus-comments-on-corruption-went-too-far-say-Afghanshttp://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2010/1207/Petraeus-comments-on-corruption-went-too-far-say-Afghanshttp://www.iwaweb.org/Reports/PDF/IWA%20corruption%20survey%202010.pdfhttp://www.iwaweb.org/Reports/PDF/IWA%20corruption%20survey%202010.pdfhttp://www.iwaweb.org/Reports/PDF/IWA%20corruption%20survey%202010.pdfhttp://www.iwaweb.org/corruptionSurvey2010/NationalCorruption2010.htmlhttp://www.iwaweb.org/corruptionSurvey2010/NationalCorruption2010.htmlhttp://www.iwaweb.org/corruptionSurvey2010/NationalCorruption2010.htmlhttp://www.iwaweb.org/corruptionSurvey2010/NationalCorruption2010.htmlhttp://www.iwaweb.org/Reports/PDF/IWA%20corruption%20survey%202010.pdfhttp://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2010/1207/Petraeus-comments-on-corruption-went-too-far-say-Afghans


10/48


Djr ;& ^tj~jpem Kf}h)@jttu~}hjf Teajtip

@hqhc petqhè teajti7 ]bhp ikx hf`cume hf`tekphfl `hqhcpetqkf}p |klep kfm }xhfl ~efphjf ~kòklep |h}b }beht}tkò te`jtm&

Temu`hfl mhp`te}hjfktx defeah}p7 Temu`hfl }be defeah}pufmet }be `jf}tjc ja jaah`hkcp&

Er}etfkc djmhep kfm |bhp}ce)dcj|et p}k}u}ep7 ]bhp pbjucmhf`cume kf hfme~efmef} gumh`hktx atji cj|et)ceqec gumlep}j }be Pu~teie @jut} kfm ~tj}e`}hjf ajt |bhp}ce)dcj|etp&

Hf`tekpem }tkfp~ktef`x7 K atee ~tepp# `ju~cem |h}bateemji ja hfajtik}hjf ck|p kfm ae| `jfp}tkhf}p jf }bej~etk}hjf ja |k}`bmjl jtlkfhpk}hjfp hp qh}kc&

Hf}eltk}em k~~tjk`b7 Teajti eaajt}p pbjucm de hf}eltk}emk`tjpp hfp}h}u}hjfp& Hf`tekpe hf `hqhc petqhè |klep# ajterki~ce# pbjucm lj bkfm)hf)bkfm |h}b `temhdce ijfh}jthflpxp}eip&

Cepp hf}etqef}hjf7 Echihfk}e ~tjltkiiep ofj|f }j bkqebhlb ceqecp ja `jttu~}hjf&

@ji~e}h}hjf kfm iktoe} ajtèp7 ^jch`hep }bk} cj|et `jf}tjcpjf ajtehlf }tkme `kf hi~tjqe e`jfjih` `ji~e}h}hjf kfmtemuè }be dktlkhfhfl ~j|et ja jaah`hkcp&

@cekt tucep# phi~ce ~tjèppep7 @ckthaxhfl kfm p}tekichfhflck|p |hcc jf}thdu}e }j hf`tekpem }tkfp~ktef`x&

Pjutè7 Kmk~}em atji }be \jtcm Dkfo# Temephlfhfl }be P}k}e }j Ahlb}@jttu~}hjf7 ]tkfp~ktef`x# @ji~e}h}hjf# kfm thqk}hwk}hjf# ";881(&

@bk~}et 4

Kalbkfhp}kfp Kf}h)@jttu~}hjf Hfp}h}u}hjfp

P}eakfhe Fhgppef0

~thiktx butmce hf }be meqecj~ief} ja ~jp})`jfach`} `juf}thep bkp deefjqet`jihfl |hmep~tekm ceqecp

ja `jttu~}hjf# te~jt}p ]tkfp~ktef`x Hf}etfk}hjfkc& Hf Kalbkfhp}kf# }be ahlb} klkhfp} `jttu~}hjf

`jf}hfuep }btjulb dj}b hf}etfk}hjfkc kfm fk}hjfkc ljqetfief}kc eaajt}p& ]bhp `bk~}et jaaetp k lefetkc

jqetqhe| ja kf}h)`jttu~}hjf hfp}h}u}hjfp hf Kalbkfhp}kf kfm }bef er~kfm u~jf }be tjcep kfm tep~jfphdhch}hep ja

}be Bhlb Jaahè ja Jqetphlb} kfm Kf}h)@jttu~}hjf "BJJK@(&

]be Ufh}em Fk}hjfp p}k}ep }bk} }be ljjm

ljqetfkfè atkie|jto ja}ef u}hchpem hf

te`jfp}tu`}hjf eaajt}p te{uhtep kmbetefè }j }be

bhlbep} p}kfmktmp ja }tkfp~ktef`x# hf}elth}x kfm

j~effepp kp |ecc kp p}tjfl `thihfkc gup}hè

pxp}eip& Kp k tepuc} kf}h)`jttu~}hjf eaajt}p

bkqe de`jie k `jte `ji~jfef} ajt }be

tehfqhljtk}hjf ja }be p}k}ep hfp}h}u}hjfkc

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fj cekt celkc ku}bjth}x }j `jfmu`} hfqep}hlk}hjfp&;>

Phihcktcx# jf h}p |edph}e# }be BJJK@ fj}ep }be hi~jt}kfè

ja me}e`}hjf kfm ~ufhpbief} ja `jttu~}hjf du} hfmh`k}ep }bk} h} hp ~thikthcx ajùpem jf efk`}hfl ~teqef}k}hqe

iekputep& ]be tep~jfphdhch}x ajt dthflhfl `bkflep hf kmihfhp}tk}hqe teck}em hppuep kfm kiefmief}p hf ck|p kfm

teluck}hjfp kte |h}b ek`b ljqetfief} jaahè# }be ajtiet BJJK@ mhte`}jt Ijbkiiem Xkphf Jpikfh p}k}em hf

k ~tepef}k}hjf jf u~mk}ep hf }be BJJK@&;;

K 4>>8 kumh} atji }be UP ljqetfief}p P~e`hkc Hfp~e`}jt Lefetkc

ajt Kalbkfhp}kf Te`jfp}tu`}hjf "PHLKT( pkxp }bk} ha k `kpe hp ackllem kp k `kpe ja `jttu~}hjf# h} hp teaettem }j

}be K}}jtfex Lefetkcp Jaahè "KLJ(ajt hfqep}hlk}hjf# ka}et |bh`b }be BJJK@p `kpe }tkòhfl me~kt}ief} hp

pu~~jpem }j ajccj| }be `kpe }btjulb hfqep}hlk}hjf# ~tjpeù}hjf kfm pef}ef`hfl& Mep~h}e }be ak`} }bk} }be KLJ

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~tjèppep kte fj} `jttu~}em kfm }bk} }hiecx k`}hjf hp }koef&

]kdce ;& BJJK@ Hfqjcqeief} |h}b J}bet Jtlkfhpk}hjfp

|h}bhf }be @ef}tkc DkfoAhfkf`hkc ]tkòhfl*Hf}ecchlefè Ufh} kfm*jt Ikgjt @thiep ]kpoajtè |h}bhf }beHf}et~jc Ihfhp}tx ja Hf}ethjt @jttu~}hjf# Fkt`j}h`p kfm ]ettjthpi Ufh} |h}bhf }be Ihfhp}tx ja Ajtehlf Kaakhtp ^tj~et}x Telhp}tk}hjf kfm Ikfkleief} Ufh} |h}bhf Iufh`h~kch}hep kfmK}}jtfex Lefetkcp Jaahè @jut}p Ckfm Telhp}tx Ufh} |h}bhf }be Ihfhp}tx ja Klthùc}ute ja }be ^tephmef}Jaahè ja }be Kmihfhp}tk}hqe Kaakhtp

Pjutè7BJJK@ |edph}e

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kf}h)`jttu~}hjf `ki~khlf&;4

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k`èpp }j ljqetfief}kc kmihfhp}tk}hqe ~tjèmutep kfm k}}thdu}ep }bk} }j k ckò ja `jiiufh`k}hjf

de}|eef }be kmihfhp}tk}hjf kfm }be `h}hwefp& Ijte teèf}cx# }be BJJK@p ûdch` Ju}tek`b kfm Emu`k}hjf

me~kt}ief} bkp k}}ei~}em }j ikoe ~udch` ju}tek`b k tep~jfphdhch}x ja }be qkthjup ljqetfief} klef`hep kfm }j

;> Geaatex @jjfgjbf k~~tjk`bem }be @A@ ka}et }be tecekpe ja }be ahtp} te~jt} hf }be Kalbkfhp}kf `jttu~}hjf pethep kfm jaaetem }j bec~ }be ku}bjt

de}}et ufmetp}kfm }be BJJK@ kfm h}p teèf} eaajt}p& Pudpe{uef}cx# }be @A@ eikhcem It& @jjfgjbf k pe} ja peqef {uep}hjfp& It& @jjfgjbfp

te~cx }j }bepe {uep}hjfp bkp deef ikme kqkhckdce }j @hih`|ed k``juf} bjcmetp& Ha xju mj fj} bkqe kf k``juf} du} |jucm choe }j k`èpp

kmmh}hjfkc tepjutèp pu`b kp }bhp hf}etqhe| }tkfp`th~}# ~cekpe `chòbete}j phlf u~&;; Kp ja Fjqeidet 4>;;# k }tkhfhfl mjùief} teqekcem }bk} 25% ja ljqetfief} jaahèp bkqe ~tjmuèm }beht ~ckfp&;4 ]be Kphk Ajufmk}hjfp 4>;; Putqex ja }be Kalbkf êj~ce pbj|p }bk} ijte }bkf ajut aha}bp "2;%( ja tep~jfmef}p pkx }bex bkqe k

auf`}hjfhfl tkmhj hf }beht bjupebjcm&
http://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1746http://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1746http://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1746http://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1746https://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttp://www.sigar.mil/http://www.sigar.mil/http://www.sigar.mil/http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/audits/SIGAR20Audit-10-2.pdfhttp://www.sigar.mil/pdf/audits/SIGAR20Audit-10-2.pdfhttp://www.sigar.mil/pdf/audits/SIGAR20Audit-10-2.pdfhttp://ago.gov.af/http://ago.gov.af/http://ago.gov.af/http://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1754http://www.centralbank.gov.af/financial-intelligence-unit.phphttp://moi.gov.af/enhttp://www.interpol.int/http://moi.gov.af/enhttp://moi.gov.af/enhttp://supremecourt.gov.af/enhttp://ago.gov.af/http://supremecourt.gov.af/enhttp://supremecourt.gov.af/enhttp://president.gov.af/en/page/1052http://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1750http://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1750http://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1750http://asiafoundation.org/in-asia/2009/09/09/the-afghanistan-high-office-of-oversight-for-anti-corruption-%E2%80%93-a-glimmer-of-hope/http://asiafoundation.org/in-asia/2009/09/09/the-afghanistan-high-office-of-oversight-for-anti-corruption-%E2%80%93-a-glimmer-of-hope/http://asiafoundation.org/in-asia/2009/09/09/the-afghanistan-high-office-of-oversight-for-anti-corruption-%E2%80%93-a-glimmer-of-hope/http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Afghanistan/Afghanistan-corruption-survey2010-Eng.pdfhttp://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Afghanistan/Afghanistan-corruption-survey2010-Eng.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/Lists/AccessRequest/NewForm.aspx?Source=https://www.cimicweb.org/Pages/AccountRequestReceived.aspxhttps://www.cimicweb.org/Lists/AccessRequest/NewForm.aspx?Source=https://www.cimicweb.org/Pages/AccountRequestReceived.aspxhttps://www.cimicweb.org/Lists/AccessRequest/NewForm.aspx?Source=https://www.cimicweb.org/Pages/AccountRequestReceived.aspxhttp://www.asiafoundation.org/publications/pdf/989http://www.asiafoundation.org/publications/pdf/989http://www.asiafoundation.org/publications/pdf/989http://www.asiafoundation.org/publications/pdf/989https://www.cimicweb.org/Lists/AccessRequest/NewForm.aspx?Source=https://www.cimicweb.org/Pages/AccountRequestReceived.aspxhttp://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Afghanistan/Afghanistan-corruption-survey2010-Eng.pdfhttp://asiafoundation.org/in-asia/2009/09/09/the-afghanistan-high-office-of-oversight-for-anti-corruption-%E2%80%93-a-glimmer-of-hope/http://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1750http://president.gov.af/en/page/1052http://supremecourt.gov.af/enhttp://ago.gov.af/http://moi.gov.af/enhttp://www.interpol.int/http://www.centralbank.gov.af/financial-intelligence-unit.phphttp://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1754http://ago.gov.af/http://www.sigar.mil/pdf/audits/SIGAR20Audit-10-2.pdfhttp://www.sigar.mil/https://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttp://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1746http://anti-corruption.gov.af/en/page/1746


14/48


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;>>> `jttu~}hjf `kpep atji hfqep}hlk}hqe djmhep ju} ja |bh`b 5>> `kpep bkqe deef pudih}}em }j k}}jtfex

lefetkc&

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ajt ~tjpeù}jtp hf kcc 0= ~tjqhfèp kfm bec~p duhcm `ji~chkfè }j UF@K@ dx `tek}hfl kfm mhppeihfk}hflbkfmdjjop

ajt }be gumh`hkc dtkf`bjf `jmep ja `jfmu`}# jfe te{uhteief} ufmet UF@K@&
https://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttp://asiafoundation.org/in-asia/2009/09/09/the-afghanistan-high-office-of-oversight-for-anti-corruption-%E2%80%93-a-glimmer-of-hope/http://asiafoundation.org/in-asia/2009/09/09/the-afghanistan-high-office-of-oversight-for-anti-corruption-%E2%80%93-a-glimmer-of-hope/https://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Corruption%20Paper%20Coonjohn%20Lodin.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Corruption%20Paper%20Coonjohn%20Lodin.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Corruption%20Paper%20Coonjohn%20Lodin.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pad.452/pdfhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pad.452/pdfhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pad.452/pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttp://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/2453-hooac-acts-weakly-against-corruptionhttp://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/2453-hooac-acts-weakly-against-corruptionhttp://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/2453-hooac-acts-weakly-against-corruptionhttp://www.u4.no/training/incountry-open/afghanistan-materials-2009/may4-session3-high_office_of_oversight_and_anti-corruption.pdfhttp://www.u4.no/training/incountry-open/afghanistan-materials-2009/may4-session3-high_office_of_oversight_and_anti-corruption.pdfhttp://www.u4.no/training/incountry-open/afghanistan-materials-2009/may4-session3-high_office_of_oversight_and_anti-corruption.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/Afghanistan/Crisis%20Documents/Governance%20and%20Rule%20of%20Law/Miscellaneous/20111119%20Email%20Interview%20Coonjohn%20HOOAC.pdfhttp://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2010/August/unodc-assists-afghanistan-justice-system-in-setting-up-code-of-ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2010/August/unodc-assists-afghanistan-justice-system-in-setting-up-code-of-ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/afghanistan/en/frontpage/2010/January/Code_of_Ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/afghanistan/en/frontpage/2010/January/Code_of_Ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/afghanistan/en/frontpage/2010/January/Code_of_Ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/afghanistan/en/frontpage/2010/January/Code_of_Ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/afghanistan/en/frontpage/2010/January/Code_of_Ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/afghanistan/en/frontpage/2010/January/Code_of_Ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/afghanistan/en/frontpage/2010/January/Code_of_Ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/afghanistan/en/frontpage/2010/January/Code_of_Ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/afghanistan/en/frontpage/2010/January/Code_of_Ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/afghanistan/en/frontpage/2010/January/Code_of_Ethics.htmlhttp://www.unodc.org/unod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ikme ch}}ce ~tjltepp hf ~tjpeù}hfl bhlb)ceqec jaah`hkcp de`kupe h} ckòp }be ~jch}h`kc |hcc }j mj pj& ]be

Luktmhkf mep`thdem bj| }be KLJ kttep}em Ijbkiikm Whk Pkcebh# k Oktwkh khme# jf dthdetx `bktlep du}

|kptecekpem fj} cjfl ka}et hf 4>;>? k phihckt p}jtx tkf hf ektcx 4>;;&4>Ijte teèf}cx# bj|eqet# }be UP

Me~kt}ief} ja Gup}hè "MjG(# hp pkhm }j de ufk|kte ja kfx ~tjpeù}hjfp ja bhlb)ceqec jaah`hkcp hf }be }bhtm

{ukt}et ja 4>;;# te~jt}p PHLKT& Ufajt}ufk}ecx |bef h} `jiep }jbhlb)tkfohfl ljqetfief}jaah`hkcp# |e`kf} mj kfx}bhfl# kf jaah`hkc k} }be KLJ }jcm ]beLuktmhkf& Hf 4>;># U&P& hfqep}hlk}jtp }jcm ]be \kcc

P}tee} Gjutfkc }bk} }bex decheqem }j~ Kalbkf jaah`hkcp bkm deef pefmhfl dhcchjfp ja mhqet}em U&P& khm kfm

cjlhp}h`p mjccktpkfm mtul ijfex }j ahfkf`hkc pkae bkqefp kdtjkm& [uep}hjfp kcpj puttjufmem }be k~~jhf}ief}

ja Cjmhf kp bekm ja }be BJJK@ phfè be bkm deef `cjpecx kppj`hk}em |h}b }be bhlbcx `jf}tjqetphkc 4>>8

~tephmef}hkc ece`}hjf hf Kalbkfhp}kf#|bh`b |kp ~ckluem dx k`ùpk}hjfp ja qj}e)thllhfl kfm atkum# k``jtmhfl }j

]beLuktmhkf&4;

]be Ufh}em P}k}ep Klef`x ajt Hf}etfk}hjfkc Meqecj~ief} "UPKHM( te~jt}em hf 4>;;}bk} k ~tj~jpem teqhphjf }j

}be BJJK@p ajufmhfl celhpck}hjf }bk} |jucmer~kfm }be BJJK@p ~tjpeù}hjf ku}bjth}x`jucm kcpj temuè

h}p hfme~efmefè& PHLKT pkxp }bk} }bhp |jucm fj} jfcx de uf`jfp}h}u}hjfkc# du} `jucm kcpj cekm }j pethjup

kdupep&

@jf`cuphjf

Kc}bjulb }be ~teqhjupcx)teaetefèm ~tepef}k}hjf dx Jpikfh p}k}ep }bk} ùttef} ck|p#teluck}hjfp kfm ~jch`hephf

~ckè }j dk}}ce kf}h)`jttu~}hjf kte hfkme{uk}e# U= te~jt}p }bk} }be ljqetfief} hp mtka}hfl k ~efkc `jme jf kf}h)

`jttu~}hjf |bh`b hp ~tepef}cx ~efmhfl ahfkc teqhe|& Hf ak`}# }be kajteief}hjfem hf}etqhe| |h}b @jjfgjbf p}k}ep

}bk} k fk}hjfkc kf}h)`jttu~}hjf ~jch`x kfm k `jttep~jfmhfl `ji~tebefphqe celkc atkie|jto }bk} hp ùttef}cx

dehfl meqecj~em |hcc ~kqe }be |kx ajtk `ji~ce}e tep}tu`}uthflja }be BJJK@ hf jtmet }j efkdce h} }j `kttx

ju} h}p celkc ikfmk}e&44

]j `ji~ceief} }be ~jch`x# }be BJJK@ |hcc kcpj meqecj~ k p}tk}elh` hi~ceief}k}hjf

~ck