Countries Project Jacque O’Connell 3/28/11

Pakistan

Country Maps of Pakistan

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html

Description • Area: 307,374 sq mi

3.1% water

• Climate: Temperate- hot summers and cold winters. It varies throughout the country.

• Location: Southeast Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India, Iran, Afghanistan, and China.

• Population: 170.6 million people

The white section on the left of the flag represents the non Muslim population of Pakistan. The green part stands for Islam. The moon and star represent the progress and knowledge, and the colors signify peace.

Geographic features• Land Regions:

the plateau of W. Pakistan The plains of the Indus and

Punjab Rivers The hills of NW Pakistan The mountains of N Pakistan

• Rivers, Lakes, and Oceans: The Indus River, the Sutlej

River, the Chenab River, The Beas River, The Ravi River, and the Jhelum River.

Lake Saiful Muluk, Shangrila Lake, Lulusar lake, Mahundad Lake, Ansoo Lake.

On the coast of the Arabian Sea.

• Indigenous Fauna and Flora: Because of the various climates, there is a variety of plants that grow there.

• Special points of interest: The lakes, rivers, and deserts of Pakistan are very popular tourist attractions.

Vacation Tour• Pakistan is a popular

tourist attraction because of the variety of things to see.▫ The ruins of ancient

civilizations such as Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, and Taxila.

▫ Himalayan hill-stations▫ K2- the second largest

mountain on earth▫ Many caves such as the

Juniper Shaft Cave.

Early History• The Indus region (covers most

of Pakistan) was the site of many ancient cultures▫ The Neolithic era’s Mehrgarh▫ The bronze era Indus Valley

Civilization (2500-1500 BC)• Conqueres from the west,

including the Persians, Greeks, Afghans, and the Turks settled there.

• The area in which Pakistan is today was the crossroads to historic trade routes.

• It was at the heart of the Indus Valley Civilization, which collapsed in the second millinuem BCE.

• Pakistan’s government says that Muhammad bin Qasim laid the foundation of Pakistan on his conquest through Sindh, Multan, and Punjab. ▫ In 712 BCE

• Sufi missionaries converted many Buddhist and Hindus to Islam.

• After the decline of the Mughul empire, the Birtish East India Company dominated the area.

• The modern state of Pakistan was established on August 14, 1947. ▫ It became a republic in 1956.

Impact of the World • Pakistan took part in 2 wars

with India-one in 1948 and one in 1965.

• A civil war took place in 1971 as a result of bad economy, violent political tension, and military repression. ▫ Lasted for 9 months

• Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 ▫ As a result, E Pakistan became

the independent state of Bangladesh

• Got invloved in the 1991 Gulf War▫ Sent 5,000 troops as part of US▫ Led coalition, specifically for

the defense of Saudi Arabia.

Lt. Gen Niazi and J.S. Arora negotiate surrender

Major Current Events• Deadly flooding on July 31,

2010 killed hundreds of people

• A US missle, fired from an unmanned plane, destroyed a suspected militant hide-out in NW Pakistan on August 21, 2010.▫ At least 12 people were

killed. • Taliban official,

Hakeemullah Mehsud was selected as the new head of the Pakistani Taliban on August 22, 2010.

• A suicide bomber killed 17 people on January 9, 2011.

Deadly flooding in Pakistan on July 31, 2010.

Political • Pakistan is a democratic

parliamentary federal republic.

• Their second constitution, The Constitution of 1973, was suspended in 1977, but reinstated in 1985.

• 100- member Senate• 342- member National

Assembly

• Pesident- Asif Ali Zardari• Prime minister: Yousaf

Raza Gillani • Leader of the Pakistan

Peoples Party: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

• Military ruler:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

President Asif Ali Zardari

Economy• 27th largest economy in the

world• Semi-industrialized economy • Agriculture is the main part

of Pakistan’s economy▫ Most of Pakistan’s

agricultural output comes from the Indus Basin.

• Fishing industry• The industrial base can

supply the countries needs in consumer goods.

• The US had many economic sanctions in Pakistan, but most were lifted.

• Imports: petroleum, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper, iron and steel, and tea.

• Exports: textiles, clothing, rice, leather and sporting goods, chemicals, and carpets.

• Trading Partners: US, United Arabian Emigrates, Saudi Arabia, and China.

Islamabad Stock Exchange Tower

Daily Life

• In 2004, 46.6% of adults in Pakistan were literate. ▫ By 2015, they want to

raise that number to 86%• Internet usage in Pakistan

very low, but it is increasing.

• The cost of living in Pakistan

• Traditional Clothing: ▫ the Salwar kameez, the

national dress, is worn at festivals by men and women.

▫ Salwars are the loose trousers that commonly flare around the bottom and have fancy cutwork.

▫ Kameez is the loose tunic warn with the baggy salwars worn by men and women, just in different colors.

Ratio of population to the internet users in Pakistan

Cultural• Marriages are arranged by

parents, but the option to choose who you marry is slowly coming about. ▫ Most times, the bride and

groom meet on their wedding day.

• 97% Islam, 1.6% Hinduism, 1.6% Christianity, .001%Sikhs

• Most food are rich in oil and chilies. Most Pakistani dishes include meat (but pork is forbidden).

• Dancing is very popular • Music in rural areas follow

the regional and indigenous traditions.

• Music in the urban areas is changing from film music to pop music. ▫ Mostly men dance

publicly▫ Women dance in groups

in theatres

Dancing to a popular song-”Hey Jamalo.

Summary • Pakistan was established

in 1947• It became a republic in

1956, but it took a while for civilian rule to actually take place due to the many wars with India.

• Pakistan is located to the right of India.

• Most of the Population in Islam

• Most of the economy if based off of Agriculture.

• The president is Asif Ali Zardari

• As home to K2, many beautiful lakes and rivers, and caves, Pakistan attracts many tourists.

Nigeria

Country Map of Nigeria

http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/nigeria_map2.htm

Description • Size: 923, 768 sq km • Climate:

▫ equatorial in the South ▫ tropical in the center ▫ arid in the north

• Location: ▫ Western Africa▫ bordering the Gulf of

Guinea▫ between Benin and

Cameroon.• Population: 155, 215, 573

The color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country. The white stands for peace and unity.

Geographic Features• Southern lowlands merge

into central hills and plateaus • Mountains in the southeast • Plains in the north• Rivers: Niger River(flows

into the Niger Delta), the Komadugu Gana River,

• Lakes: Lake Chad, Kainji Lake

• On the Gulf of Guinea. • Indigenous animals: lions,

side striped jackals, wild dogs, cheetahs, leopards, civets, elephants, warthogs, and hippopotamuses.

• Plants: Afara tree and the Nigerian walnut

• Many tourists come to see the Nigerian Rivers and Lake Chad.

Early History• People were already living in

Nigeria in 9000 BC. • Between 1750 and 1900, about

2/3 of the population were slaves.

• The Spanish and Portuguese were the first to start trade in Nigeria .

• In 1885, British claimed to a W African sphere of influence.

• In 1901, Nigeria became a British protectorate.

• Nigeria was divided into Northern and Southern provinces and Lagos colony.

• Slavery in Nigeria was abolished in 1936.

Impact of the World

• After WWII, in 1960, Nigeria gained its independence.

• In 1999, a peaceful transition from military rule to civilian government took place.

• Nigeria continues to experience religious and ethnic tensions.

• Current Events:▫ In January 2010, Nigeria

assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN security council for the 2010-2011 term.

Political • Nigeria is a federal

republic

• The capital of Nigeria is Abuja

• The legal system is based on English common law, Islamic law, and traditional law.

• President and Chief of State: Goodluck Jonathon

Goodluck Jonathon

Economy • Industries: crude oil, coal,

tin, columbite, rubber products, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food prodcuts, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, and steel.

• Exports: petroleum, petroleum products, rubber, and steel.

• Export partners: US, India, Brazil, Spain, and France.

• Imports: machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactures goods, food and live animals.

• Import partners: China, US, Netherlands, S Korea, UK, France

• Nigeria is Africa’s top oil producer

Daily Life• 68% of the population is

literate▫ Male- 75.7%▫ Female- 60.6%

• Life expectancy: 47.56 years• In 2009, there were 43.989

million internet users in Nigeria.

• Economically, the standard of living in Nigeria is very low, but it is ranked one of the highest in the world for happiness.

• Women stop going to school after 8 years and men stop after 10.

• Clothing :▫ Men and women both wear

bubas (loose blouses that reach just below the waist)

▫ Women also wear a rectangular piece of cloth that ties around the waist, a rectangular piece of cloth to be worn around the head, and a scarf.

▫ Men wear a traditional cap, a pant of trouser, another type of cap with longer sides, or an outfit consisting of the buba and the trouser.

Cultural• Woman have the

obligation to provide for their family.(men do little to provide for their families)

• Nigerian men usually have more than 1 wife.

• Men have the right to beat their wives up unto the point of permanent physical injury

• 50% of the population in Muslim

• 40% is Christian• 10% are indigenous

beliefs

• Meals consist of meat, vegetables, fruits, as well as rice, maze, and lentil.

• Songs and dances are played on drums, flutes, trumpets, stringed instruments, xylophones, and thumb pianos.

Summary • Nigeria is in Western

Africa. • It gained its independence

from Britain in 1960• Civilian government

started in 1999. • It Africa’s biggest oil

supplier. • The president is Goodluck

Jonathon.• Men have to right to

abuse their many wives until the point of permanent injury

• The life expectancy is very young

• They only go to school for about 8-10 years

• Dancing is a big part of their cultural enjoyment.

Tanzania

Country Map

http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/country/tanzania.html

Country Description• Size: 947, 300 sq mi• Climate: varies from

tropical along coastline to temperate in highlands

• Location: ▫ Eastern Africa▫ bordering the Indian

Ocean▫ between Kenya and

Mozambique• Population: 42, 746, 620

The green represents the national vegetation

of the country. The gold represents its rich mineral deposits. The black represents the

native Swahili people. The blue represents the many lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian

Ocean.

Geographic Features• Plains along the coast• Central plateau• Highlands in the north

and south• Popular lakes: Lake

Manyara, Lake Malawi, and Lake Victoria, but there are many more.

• There are 14 rivers that flow into Lake Malawi, but only the Shire River empties it.

• Tanzania is on the coast of the Indian Ocean.

• Animals: zebras, elephants, wildebeests, buffalos, hippos, giraffes, antelopes, dik-diks, gazelles, elands, and kudus.

• Plants: Usambara and African Violet

• Many people come to Tanzania to see the many beautiful waterfalls.

Early History• Probably the oldest known

inhabited area on earth. • Was populates by hunter-

gatherer communities. • Claiming the coastal strip,

Omani Sultan Seyyid Said moved his capital to Zanzibar City in 1840.Zanzibar became the center for Arab slave trade.

• In the late 19th century, Imperial Germany conquered the regions that are now Tanzania (minus Zanzibar).

Impact of the World • In WWI, the Germans

fought the British for the area of Tanzania.

• The post–World War I accords and the League of Nations charter designated the area a British Mandate, except for a small area in the northwest, which was ceded to Belgium and later became Rwanda and Burundi.

• British rule came to an end in 1961 after a relatively peaceful transition to independence.

• After the Zanzibar Revolution overthrew the Arab dynasty in neighboring Zanzibar, which had become independent in 1963, the island merged with mainland Tanganyika to form the nation of Tanzania on 26 April 1964.

Current Events • Fr. Gervas John

Mwasikwabhila Nyaisonga was elected Bishop of Dodoma on January 9, 2011.

• On March 12, 2011:▫ Diocese of Kondoa was

established▫ Bishop Emmanuel A.

Mapunda resigned from the office of Bishop of Mbinga

▫ Fr. Bernardine Mfumbusa was elected Bishop of Kondoa

▫ Fr. John Chrisostom Ndimbo was elected Bishop of Mbinga

Political• Type of Government:

republic▫ a representative

democracy in which the people's elected deputies (representatives), not the people themselves, vote on legislation.

• Chief of State: President Jakaya Kikwete

• Head of Government: President Jakaya Kikwete

• Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

Economy • Industries:

▫ agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine)

▫ diamond, gold, and iron mining, salt, soda ash

▫ cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer

• Exports: gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton▫ Partners: India, China,

Japan. Netherlands, UAE, and Germany

• Imports: consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil

• Partners: India, China, South Africa, Kenya, UAE, and Japan.

• Debt (external): $7.576 billion

• Industrial production growth rate: 7%▫ 43rd in comparison with

the rest of the world.

Economy Cont.• Trade Associations:

▫ Tanzania Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture

▫ Arusha Chamber of Commerce, Agriculture and Industry

▫ Zanzibar Chamber of Commerce and Industry

▫ Confederation of Tanzania Industries

▫ ICC Tanzania

Daily Life • Population below poverty

line-36% • Life expectancy:

▫ Total population:52.85 years▫ Men: 51.34 years▫ Women: 54.42 years

• Languages: Kiswahili, Kiunguja, English, and Arabic

• Literacy rate:▫ Total population: 69.4 years▫ Men: 77.5%▫ Women 62.2%

• School life expectancy: 9 years

• Internet usage: 678,000• Cultural:

▫ They mainly dress depending on the weather. If they live in a dry a humid area, they dress accordingly.

▫ There are also traditional African dresses- one big piece of cloth that they wrap around their body.

Cultural• There are over 100

languages in Tanzania, but Swahili is the official language.

• Religions: Christian, Muslim, and other indigenous beliefs.

• Music: has its roots in native African music as well as the coastal Arabic and Indonesian cultures. ▫ Most dominant urban

music is Taarab.

• Food: ▫ During the first 500

years, people ate sorghum, millets, fruits, fishes, and vegetables.

▫ In 800, people started eating cotton plants, citrus fruits, biriani, and pilau.

▫ Groundnuts and cassava were introduced to them by the Portugeuse

▫ The main diet now consists of pilaf, cornmeal, beans, sorghum, and millet.

Summary• Located in Eastern Africa• 947, 300 sq mi• Population: 42, 746, 620• 14 rivers and many lakes• Beautiful waterfalls are

tourist attractions. • Probably the oldest

known inhabited area on earth.

• In WWI, the Germans fought the British for the area of Tanzania.

• Gained independence in 1961

• Representative democracy• The chief of state and

head of government is President Jakaya Kikwete.

• 36% of the population is below the poverty line.

• Life expectancy is only about 53 years.

• There are over 100 languages in Tanzania, but Swahili is the official language.

Morocco

Country Map

http://www.saskschools.ca/~moosrcsd/stmikes/morocco/webpagemorocco.htm

Description• Size: 446,550 sq km • Climate: Mediterranean,

becoming more extreme in the interior.

• Location:▫ Northern Africa▫ bordering the Atlantic

Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea

▫ between Algeria and Western Sahara

• Population: 31,968,361

Red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian gulf; the pentacle represents the five pillars of Islam and signifies the association between God and the nation.

Geographic Features

• Land Regions: northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermountain valleys, and rich coastal plains

• Rivers: Oumer River, Sebou River, Bou Regreg River, Tensift River,Gheris River, many more.

• Lakes: Aguelmame Sidi Ali lake and Lake Tiguelmamine.

• Oceans: Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Ocean.

• Animals: Dorcas Gazelle, Fennec Fox, and the Sloughi.

• Plants: about 4,979 different types of plants in Morocco.▫ Laurel, Wild Watermelon,

Abyssinian Mustard, Pigweed, Alfa

• Morocco’s key tourist attractions are their cities, such as Marrakech, Fes, and Meknes. Also, their beaches, the Atlas Mountains, and the Sahara Desert.

Early History • In 788 successive Moorish

dynasties began to rule in Morocco.

• In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age.

• The Alaouite dynasty, established a sultanate in Morocco beginning in the 17th century.

• In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily end

• In 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country.

• A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956.

• Morocco annexed Western Sahara during the late 1970s, but final resolution on the status of the territory remains unresolved.

• Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature, which first met in 1997.

Impact of the World

• Successful Portuguese efforts to invade and control the Atlantic coast in the 15th century did not profoundly affect the Mediterranean heart of Morocco.

• France showed a strong interest in Morocco as early as 1830.

• Recognition by the United Kingdom in 1904 of France's sphere of influence in Morocco provoked a reaction from the German Empire▫ the crisis of June 1905 was

resolved at the Algeciras Conference.

• A second Moroccan crisis provoked by Berlin, increased tensions between European powers.

• The Treaty of Fez (signed on March 30, 1912) made Morocco a protectorate of France.

• Many Moroccan soldiers (Goumieres) served in the French army in both World War I and World War II, and in the Spanish Nationalist Army in the Spanish Civil War.

Political • Type of Government:

constitutional monarchy▫ a system of government in

which a monarch is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights, duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in written law or by custom.

• Chief of state: King Mohammed VI

• Head of Government: Prime Minister Abbas el Fassi

• Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

Economy • Industries: phosphate rock

mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism

• Exports: clothing and textiles, electric components, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, citrus fruits, vegetables, fish▫ Partners: Spain, France,

India, Italy

• Imports: crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics▫ Partners: France, Spain, China,

Italy, Germany, US, Saudi Arabia.

• Debt(external): $22.69 billion▫ 70th in comparison to rest of

the world • Industrial Growth Rate: 4.4%• 78th in comparison to the rest of

the world• Trading Association:

▫ Federation des Chambres de Commerce et d'Industrie du Maroc

Daily Life

• 15% of the population is below the poverty line.

• The unemployment rate is 9.2%

• Life expectancy: 72.9 years

• Languages: Arabic, Berber dialects, and French

• Literacy Rate: ▫ Total population: 52.3%▫ Male: 65.7%▫ Female: 39.6%

• School life expectancy: 10 years

• Internet usage: 13.213 million people

• Clothing: ▫ Moroccan Clothing

Trends reflect the social status of people much more than anything else.

▫ Men are usually very stylish Using branded cotton

and silk dresses and wearing closed shoes with ankle-high socks

▫ Women wear loose-fitting outfits and silk dresses

Cultural • Take off shoes before

entering a house.• Many festivals throughout

the year• Religions: mainly Muslim,

but also a few Christian and Jewish people live in Morocco.

• Music: Arab, Berber, classical, and popular elements.

• Dances often preformed at night around a bonfire.▫ Ahouash- only women

form a big circle and men squat around the fire.

▫ Taskiouine- a warriors dance; dancers in white tunics, holding a powder flask on their shoulders, beat time to the music of the drum.

• Food:▫ Home-grown fruits and

vegetables like oranges, melons, hot peppers, potatoes, and tomatoes.

▫ Flat, round Moroccan bread is eaten at every meal.

▫ National dish- tajine- a lamb and poultry stew.

Summary

• Located in North Africa• 446,550 sq km• Mediterranean climate• Many different rivers and

lakes• about 4,979 different

types of plants• Gained independence

from France in 1957• The Treaty of Fez in 1912

made Morocco a protectorate of France.

• Chief of State is King Mohammed VI

• 15% of the population is below the poverty line

• Life expectancy is about 73 years

• 52.3% of the population is literate.

• Most people there are Muslim.

Peru

Country Map

http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/country/peru.html

Description• Size: 1,285,216 sq km• Climate:

▫ varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west

▫ temperate to frigid in Andes

• Location: ▫ Western South America▫ bordering the South

Pacific Ocean▫ between Chile and

Ecuador• Population: 29,248,943

The coat of arms, featuring a shield bearing a vicuna, represents fauna. A cinchona tree represent flora. A yellow cornucopia represents mineral wealth. Red recalls blood shed for independence, and white symbolizes peace.

Graphic Features • Land Regions:

▫ western coastal plain▫ high and rugged Andes in

center▫ eastern lowland jungle of

Amazon Basin• Rivers: Amazon, Ucayali,

Putumayo, Huallaga, Urubamba, and many more.

• Lakes: Lake Titicaca ▫ Largest fresh-water lake

in South America• Oceans: Pacific Ocean

• Animals: Puma, jaguar, bears, river dolphins, and monkeys.

• Plants: cactus, ichu grass, moss, orchids, bromeliads, and palm trees.

• Tourist attractions: Machu Picchu (man-made city built over 500 years ago), Cuzco, Peru (an exciting city), Puerto Maldanado (a beautiful reserve park), and Lima Peru (the capital city).

Early History • Earliest evidences of human

presence in Peruvian territory have been dated to approximately 9,000 years BCE.

• Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533.

• Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824.

• After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency.

Impact of the World • The Great Depression

caused the downfall of Leguía, renewed political turmoil, and the emergence of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance.

• The rivalry between this organization and a coalition of the elite and the military defined Peruvian politics for the following three decades.

• Peru was defeated by Chile in the 1879–1883 War of the Pacific, losing the provinces of Arica and Tarapacá in the treaties of Ancón and Lima.

• Internal struggles after the war were followed by a period of stability under the Civilista Party, which lasted until the onset of the authoritarian regime of Augusto B. Leguía.

Political • Type of Government:

constitutional republic▫ a state where the head of

state and other officials are elected as representatives of the people, and must govern according to existing constitutional law that limits the government's power over citizens.

• Chief of State: President Alan Garcia Perez

• Head of government: President Alan Garcia Perez

• Prime minister: Jose Antonio Chang Escobedo

• Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

Economy • Industries:

▫ mining and refining of minerals▫ steel, metal fabrication▫ petroleum extraction and

refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction

▫ fishing and fish processing, cement, textiles, clothing, food processing

• Exports: copper, gold, zinc, tin, iron ore, molybdenum; crude petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas; coffee, potatoes, asparagus and other vegetables, fruit, apparel and textiles, fishmeal▫ Partners: US, China,

Switzerland, Canada, and Japan.

• Imports: petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, plastics, machinery, vehicles, color TV sets, power shovels, front-end loaders, telephones and telecommunication equipment, iron and steel, wheat, corn, soybean products, paper, cotton, vaccines and medicines▫ Partners: US, China, Brazil,

Ecuador, Chile, Colombia, and Japan.

• Debt(external):$33.29 billion ▫ 63rd in comparison to the world

• Industrial production growth rate: 8.5%▫ 26th in comparison to the world

Economy Cont. • Trading Associations:

▫ National peruan society of the mining, petroleum and energy

▫ Association of paper and cardboard industry

▫ Association of Pastry Industry

▫ Plastics industry association

▫ Textile Industry Association

▫ Wood industry association

▫ Association of ceramic and glass industry

▫ Many more.

Daily Life • 34.8% of the population is

below the poverty line• The unemployment rate is

7.9%• Life expectancy: 72.47% • Languages: Spanish,

Quechua, Aymara, Ashaninka, and other native languages.

• Literacy rate: 92.9%▫ Male: 96.4%▫ Female: 89.4

• School life expectancy: 14 years

• Internet usage: 24.7%• Clothing:

▫ Lliclla- a small rectangular handwoven shoulder cloth fastened at the front using a tupu, a decorated pin. However it is more common nowadays to see a large safety pin being used.

▫ K'eperina - a larger rectangular carrying cloth worn over the back and knotted in front. Children and goods are securely held inside.

Daily Life Cont.

• Clothing Cont.:▫ Polleras – colorful skirts

made from hand-woven wool cloth called bayeta.

▫ Monteras - hats vary tremendously throughout the communities in the Andes.

▫ Chumpi- a woven belt▫ Men's' fine dress includes

a woolen waistcoat▫ The most distinctive part

of men's clothing is the hand-woven poncho

Cultural • Many festivals are held

throughout the world. Such as: Carnival, Reyes Magos, Senor de los Temblores, and Easter.

• Textiles and weaving is very popular in Peru

• Religions: Roman Catholic, Evangelical, and others.

• Traditional dances:▫ Chujchu- a comical dance

where the dancers represent laborers.

▫ Qhapaq Ch'unchu- these dancers represent native warriors.

• Qhapaq Qolla- these dancers represent ledgendary merchants.

• Food:▫ Ceviche- raw fish

marinated in lemon juice. ▫ Pachamanca- meat and

vegetables cooked underground

▫ Chupe de camarones- shrimp soup

▫ ají de gallina- spicy chicken

▫ Juane- corn mash pastries.

Summary

• Located in Western South America.

• 1,285,216 sq km• Home to many rivers• Also the home to the

largest fresh-water lake in South America

• Tourists can go visit the man-made city from 500 years ago called Manchu Picchu.

• Peru gained its independence in 1821

• Fought Chile in the Pacific War from 1879- 1833

• The Chief of state and head of the government is President Alan Garcia Perez.

• 34.8% of the population is below the poverty line.

• 92.2% of the population is literate.

• They perform many dances in costumes that depict real happenings in their country in Peru.

Austria

Country Map

http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/Austria/Map

Description • Size: 83,871 sq km• Climate:

▫ temperate continental, cloudy

▫ winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains

▫ moderate summers with occasional showers

• Location:▫ Central Europe▫ north of Italy and

Slovenia• Population: 8,217,280

In 1191, following a fierce battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic became completely blood-spattered; upon removal of his wide belt or sash, a white band was revealed; the red-white-red color combination was subsequently adopted as his banner.

Geographic Features

• Land Regions: ▫ in the west and south

mostly mountains ▫ along the eastern and

northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping

• Most important river: River Danube ▫ Flows through Austria into

the Black Sea.• Lakes: There are over 300

lakes in Austria. ▫ Lake Constance, Lake

Bonensee, Lake Wallerseem, and Lake Achensee

• Animals: lizards, snakes, boars, badgers, chamois, ibex, deer, foxes, bears.

• Plants: edelweiss, gentians, primroses, buttercups, monkshoods, and many different types of trees.

• Tourist attractions:▫ Salzburg-a city with many

churches and a lot to do. ▫ The Hohe Tauern National

Park –one of the last great wildernesses in Europe.

▫ The Museum of the Future▫ Eisriesenwelt Caves-larges

ice caves in the world.

Early History • Settled in ancient times, the

Central European land that is now Austria was occupied in pre-Roman times by various Celtic tribes.

• It was later claimed by the Roman Empire and made a province.

• After the fall of the Roman Empire the area was invaded by Bavarians, Slavs and Avars.

• Charlemagne conquered the area in 788 AD, encouraged colonization and introduced Christianity

• The first record showing the name Austria is from 996 where it is written as Ostarrîchi, referring to the territory of the Babenberg March.

• In 1156 the Privilegium Minus elevated Austria to the status of a duchy.

• Thereafter, until World War I, Austria's history was largely that of its ruling dynasty, the Habsburgs.

Impact of the World • Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I.

• Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade.

• A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany.

• A constitutional law that same year declared the country's "perpetual neutrality" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal.

• A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the EU Economic and Monetary Union in 1999.

Political • Type of Government:

federal republic▫ a state in which the

powers of the central government are restricted and in which the component parts (states, colonies, or provinces) retain a degree of self-government; ultimate sovereign power rests with the voters who chose their governmental representatives.

• Chief of State: President Heinz Fischer

• Head of Government: Chancellor Werner Faymann Vice Chancellor Josef Proell

• Cabinet: Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor

Economy • Industries: construction,

machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism

• Exports: machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs▫ Partners: Germany, Italy,

Switzerland, and the US

• Imports: machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs▫ Partners: Germany,

Switzerland, Italy, and the Natherlands.

• Debt (external):$755 billion ▫ 17th in comparison to the

world• Industry Production

Growth Rate: 7%▫ 42nd in comparison to the

world

Economy Cont. • Trade Associations:

▫ Austrian Federal Economic Chamber

▫ Economic Chamber of Burgenland

▫ Economic Chamber of Styria

▫ Economic Chamber of Tyrol

▫ Economic Chamber of Kaernten

▫ Economic Chamber of Upper Austria

▫ Economic Chamber of Salzberg

▫ Vienna Economic Chamber

▫ Economic Chamber of Lower Austria

▫ ICC Austria

Daily Life • Population below the

poverty line: 6%• Unemployment rate: 4.6%• Life expectancy:

▫ Total population: 79.78 years

▫ Male: 76.87 years ▫ Female: 82.84 years

• Languages:▫ German, Turkish, Serbian,

Croatian, and other• Literacy Rate: 98%• School life expectancy: 15

years• 6.143 million internet users.

• Clothing:▫ Women’s clothing:

Dirndl-closefitting bodice combined with an apron on another color.

▫ Men’s clothing: Lederhosen- knee-length

trousers or short-pants made from leather and worn with rustic shoes and wool socks.

Cultural • Wood carving and sculpting

are popular in Austria. • In the silent movie era,

Austria was one of the leading producers of movies.

• Religions: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, and others.

• Known as the land of the music. ▫ Classical, Opera, folk

(schrammelmusik, yodeling, and Austrian folk dancing), and Austropop.

• Food: ▫ Influenced by Hungarian,

Czech, Jewish, and Italian.

▫ Goulash▫ Known for its pastries

and sweets.

Summary • Located in Europe• Home to the largest ice

caves in the world.• Also home to one of the

last wildernesses left in Europe.

• Ruled by the Hapsburgs • Gained its independence

in 1955• Austria is a federal

republic• Its president is President

Heinz Fischer.

• The industry production growth is 7%.

• The main language is German

• 98% of the population is literate.

• Austria is best known for their sweets.

Saint Helena

Country Map

http://www.answers.com/topic/saint-helena

Description • Size: 308 sq km• Climate:

▫ tropical marine▫ mild, tempered by trade

winds• Location:

▫ Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean about midway between South America and Africa

▫ Ascension Island lies 700 nm northwest of Saint Helena

▫ Tristan da Cunha lies 2,300 nm southwest of Saint Helena

• Population: 7,700

The upper third of the shield depicts a white plover (wire bird) on a yellow field; the remainder of the shield depicts a rocky coastline on the left, offshore is a three-masted sailing ship with sails furled but flying an English flag.

Geographic Features • Land Regions:

▫ rugged, volcanic▫ small scattered plateaus

and plains• The last volcano erupted

about 7 million years ago.• The highland areas

contain most of the islands fauna, flora, insects, and birds.

• There are no native land mammals on St Helena, but rabbits, rats and mice have been introduced, as well as feral cats and dogs.

• Plants: cabbage trees.• Tourist Attractions:

▫ Diana’s Peak National Park-the highest point in St. Helena

▫ Heart shaped Waterfall ▫ High Knoll Fort- built as

protection from an invasion.

▫ Napoleon’s tomb.

Early History • For centuries, the island

laid in the uncharted waters of the Atlantic Ocean until May 21, 1502.

• Initially fought over by the Portuguese, Dutch and English, and finally settled by the British in 1659 .

• Britain's second oldest colony.

• One of the most iscolated places in the world.

• Used as a vital refuge for Liberated African slaves.

• Since 1815, the British have also used the island as a place of exile.▫ Used for Napoleon

Bonaparte and over 6,000 other Boer prisoners.

Impact of the World • The importance of St.

Helena as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869.

• During the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa, several thousand Boer prisoners were confined on the island between 1900 and 1903.

Political • Government type: NA

▫ This entry gives the basic form of government.

• Chief of State: Queen Elizabeth II

• Head of Government: Governor Andrew GURR

• Cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, 3 ex-officio officers, and 5 elected members of the Legislative Council

Economy • Industries: construction,

crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing, philatelic sales

• Exports: fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts

• Imports: food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts

• The economy depends largely on the financial assistance from the UK.

• Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.

Daily Life • Unemployment rate: 14%• Urban population: 40%• Life expectancy: 78.76 years• Language: English • Literacy Rate:

▫ Total population: 97%▫ Males: 97%▫ Females: 98%

• 2,900 telephone lines• No local tv station• 2 local radio stations• 900 internet users• South Africa maintains a

meteorological station on Gough Island

• Clothing: ▫ The clothing is very

similar to that of the US and the UK.

▫ Casual pants, jeans, or shorts paired with a blouse or t-shirt.

Cultural • The country holds a

celebration on May 21st for Saint Helena’s birthday.

• Christmas eve is a huge party night and people dance down the streets and have a parade.

• Many festivals• Religions: mainly

Christianity ▫ Roman Catholic,

Salvation Army, Baptist, Seventh day Adventists, Jehovah Witnesses, and New Apostolic.

• Music: ▫ The older generation

enjoys country and folk, but the younger generation enjoys hip hop and r&b.

▫ The dance and club genre is growing.

• Food:▫ Partially influenced by

Malay, British, and Chinese.

▫ Fish is used in various ways

▫ Spices and curries are commonly used.

Summary • St. Helena is only 308 sq km.• There are no native

mammals in St. Helena.• The volcanoes there have

not erupted in over 7 million years

• The highest point of the island was turned into a national park.

• Britain used the island for prisoners.

• Napoleon Bonaparte died there.

• It is still ruled by Britain and the British queen.

• There are not many good jobs on the island.

• There are only 900 internet users there.

• There are no local television stations in St. Helena

• There are only 2 local radio stations, but only 1 really works well.

Works Cited• https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tz.html• https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html• https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html• https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/au.html• https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sh.html• https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html• http://www.eepcindia.org/trade-association-detail.asp?ccode=119• http://www.eepcindia.org/trade-association-detail.asp?ccode=172• http://www.exportfocus.com/business-associations.php?country=Peru• http://www.sthelenatourism.com/pages/traditions_and_customs.html• http://www.aboutaustria.org/culture/traditional_fashion.htm• http://www.myperu.org/traditional_clothing_peru.html• http://www.mapsofworld.com/morocco/people-culture-festivals/clothing.html• http://www.al-bab.com/maroc/cult/music.htm• http://www.mapsofworld.com/tanzania/culture/