country profile project - indonesia

7/21/2019 Country Profile Project - Indonesia

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JIBMOI MX[LDH[[ NODOJHNHDU

ZLDUH] =7?5

Ldebdhslo - Kbudtry [tuey

;/??/=7?5

@ljurh ?

Lboddls Nlfhels

XDLPH][LU\ B@ IOPH]DH



MX[ 038 - Jibmoi Musldhss Nodojhnhdt. Zld “?5 Lboddls Nlfhels

Kbudtry [tuey - Ldebdhslo

?. LDU]BEXKULBD

Ld tcls prhshdt h``brt wh wlii otthnpt tb prbvleh tch rhoehr wltc o juleh tb udehrstode tch `brkhs

prhshdt ld tch hkbdbny, pbiltlks, kuiturh ode `uturh ehvhibpnhdt b` Ldebdhslo. Zh wlii kbnmldh

ld`brnotlbd kbiihkthe ̀ rbn ovoliomih jbvhrdnhdt ode prlvoth sburkhs ode nofh od h``brt tb `brhkost

wcot tch prbsphkts ̀ br od ldvhstnhdt ld Ldebdhslo orh. Ub udehrstode tch nhkcodlks b` bur `brhkostldj

h``brt wh wlii prhshdt ̀ lrst o mrlh` sunnory b` clstbrlkoi, kuituroi, rhiljlbus, heukotlbdoi, klvli, pbpuiotlbd,pbiltlkoi, ode sbkloi cljciljcts wclkc ld bur bpldlbd pioy rbih ld tch okkuroky b` ody ̀ brhkostldj h``brt.

=. JHDH]OI LD@B]NOULBD OMBXU LDEBDH[LO

Ldebdhslo ls o kbudtry ibkothe mhtwhhd tch Ldelod ode tch Wokl`lk Bkhod ld [butchost Oslo. Lt ls od

orkclphiojb b` ?:,873 lsiodes (0,777 ldcomlthe). Lt stroeeihs tch hquotbr. Lt bkkuplhs o strothjlk ibkotlbd

ostrleh br oibdj noabr sho iodhs ̀ rbn Ldelod Bkhod tb Wokl`lk Bkhod (KLO, Zbrie @oktmbbf =7?;).

O `hw jhdhroi stotlstlks wlii chip us tb sht tch tbdh.

Ldebdhslo ls tch ?0tc-iorjhst hkbdbny ld tch wbrie.

Lt cos 58 nliilbd nhnmhrs b` tch kbdsunldj kioss 8;% b` tch pbpuiotlbd rhslehs ld kltlhs

Uch urmod pbpuiotlbd ls rhspbdslmih `br :;% b` JEW

Uchrh orh 88 nliilbd sfliihe wbrfhrs ld tch Ldebdhslod hkbdbny

Uchrh ls o $877 mliilbd norfht bppbrtudlty ld kbdsunhr shrvlkhs, ojrlkuiturh ode `lschrlhs,

rhsburkhs ode heukotlbd

Wbpuiotlbd ode htcdlk jrbups.

Uch pbpuiotlbd b` Ldebdhslo ls =8?,?07,?=5 (Auiy =7?;) ode tcls nofhs lt tch `l`tc nbst pbpuibus dotlbd

ld tch wbrie. Ld thrns b` htcdlk jrbups tch Ldebdhslod pbpuiotlbd ls kbnprlshe noldiy my Aovodhsh

(57.0%) `biibwhe my ?8% [udeodhsh wltc ombut ;7% b` tch pbpuiotlbd mhibdjldj tb udsphkl`lhe jrbups.

(@ljurh =m). Uch Ldebdhslod orkclphiojb hdkbnposshs bdh b` tch nbst ildjulstlkoiiy ehdsh orhos ld tchwbrie wltc sbnh :;? el``hrhdt iodjuojhs.

Uch pbpuiotlbd ojh elstrlmutlbd ldelkoths tcot Ldebdhslo cos o sljdl`lkodt ybudj pbpuiotlbd. Uch nhelod

ojh ls =3.8 yhors.

=0.0% 7 tb ?5 yhors

?:.?% ?8 tb =5 yhors

5=.=% =8 tb 85 yhors

:.0% 88 tb 05 yhors

0.5% 08 ode biehr

Uch pbpuiotlbd jrbwtc roth ls 7.<<% (=7?;). Ucls

nhods tcot tch pbpuiotlbd b` Ldebdhslo ldkrhosh my

ombut =,530,538 phrsbds odduoiiy. (@ljurh =o) Uch

nbrtoilty roth ls 7.770;?%. @rbn wclkc tch il`h

hxphktodky `br tch tbtoi pbpuiotlbd ls :?.< yhors. @br nhd ls 0<.;; yhors wclih `br wbnhd ls :5.8< yhors

(=7?;).

7 tb ?5 ?8 tb =5 =8 tb 85 88 tb 05 08+

=0.07% ?:.?7% 5=.=7% :.07% 0.57%

7.77% ?7.77% =7.77% ;7.77% 57.77% 87.77%

7 tb ?5

?8 tb =5

=8 tb 85

88 tb 05

08+





@ljurh = - o & m

Ld thrns b` wchrh tch pbpuiotlbd ls elstrlmuthe okkbreldj tb KLO Zbrie @oktmbbf (=7?;) 87.:% b` tch

pbpuiotlbd ihovhs ld urmod orhos wltc o =.58% odduoi roth b` kcodjh b` urmodlzotlbd. Ucls ls trodsiothe

tb =,?8;,5=; phbpih phr yhor nbvh tb tch kltlhs.

Uch kopltoi b` Ldebdhslo ls Aoforto ibkothe bd tch lsiode b` Aovo wltc pbpuiotlbd b` <.0 nliilbd. Uch

nhtrbpbiltod orho b` Aoforto cbwhvhr cos pbpuiotlbd rhokcldj =3 nliilbd. (@ljurh ; o&m)

Uch pbpuiotlbd ehdslty ls vhry cljc bd tch lsiode b` Aovo `biibwhe my tcbsh ihovldj ld [unotro ode

Mbrdhb. Lt ls lnpbrtodt tb dbth tcot pbpuiotlbd ehdslty bd Aovo noy rhokc up tb ?7 tcbusode phr nlih=.

(@ljurh 5). Ucls ls vhry krltlkoi wchd elskussldj tch ̀ uturh prbsphkts b` Ldebdhslo.

Ld brehr tb `okliltoth sbnh kbnporlsbds wh wlii stoth tcot tch pbpuiotlbd ehdslty ld Nodcottod ls ombut=:,577 phrsbds phr fn= ode ld tch Dhw \brf nhtrbpbiltod orho ls ombut ??,777 phrsbds phr fn= . @br IO

nhtrbpbiltod orho lt ls ombut =7,777 phrsbds phr fn=.

=;7,777,777

=57,777,777

=87,777,777

=07,777,777

=:7,777,777

=37,777,777

=7?; =755

Wbpuiotlbd ldkrhosh =7?;-=788

57.07%

?8% ;.;7% = .:7% =.57% =.57% =% =%

=<.<7%

7.77%?7.77%

=7.77%

;7.77%

57.77%

87.77%Htcldk Jrbups

7.77

=,777.77

5,777.77

0,777.77

3,777.77?7,777.77

?=,777.77

Wbpuiotlbd Ehdslty my

Nhtrbpbiltod Orho (phr nl=)

7

8,777,777

?7,777,777?8,777,777

=7,777,777

=8,777,777

;7,777,777

Klty Wbpuiotlbd Nhtrbpbiltod Orho

@ljurh ; o & m





@ljurh 5

]hiljlbd

Cldeulsn ode Mueeclsn konh tb Ldebdhslo ̀ rbn tch horiy troehrs ode shttihrs ̀ rbn nold iode Oslo. Uchrhiljlbd b` Lsion orrlvhe ld Ldebdhslo os horiy os tch ?0tc khdtury OE ode mhkonh tch kbudtry“s noabr

rhiljlbd. Ldebdhslods, os wltc oii tch horilhr rhiljlbds oebpthe tb sult tchlr dhhes. Ucls ls tch rhosbd wcy

wh ̀ lde tch oebptlbd b` Lsion mhldj sb hxthdslvh cbwhvhr wltc nuitltuehs b` shkts.

Uch Ldebdhslod kbdstltutlbd juorodthhs tch rljct b` tch `rhhebn b` rhiljlbd. Cbwhvhr tch jbvhrdnhdt

bdiy rhkbjdlzhs slx b``lkloi rhiljlbds1 Lsion (30.?%), Wrbthstodtlsn (8.:%), Kotcbilklsn (;%), Cldeulsn

(?.3%), Mueeclsn ode Kbd`uklodlsn (;.5%).

Koihdeors

Uchrh orh tcrhh el``hrhdt koihdeors ld ush ld Ldebdhslo. Uch Zhsthrd br Jrhjbrlod ls tch b``lkloi koihdeor.

Uch Lsionlk cbileoys ̀ biibw tch Oromlk koihdeor (ibshs ?? eoys hokc yhor wchd kbnporhe tb tchZhsthrd). @ldoiiy tchrh ls tch Cldeu-ld`iuhdkhe Aovodhsh koihdeor.

Lnpbrtodt cbileoys orh1

Dhw \hor ?-Aod

Oskhdslbd Eoy <-Noy

Zolsof Eoy =8-Noy

Lsro Nlroa b` tch Wrbpcht Nbconnoe 0-Aud





Hle Oi @ltr 3 tb ?7-Ouj

Ldehphdehdkh Eoy ?:-Ouj

Hle Oi Oeco ?8-Bkt

Lsionlk Dhw \hor 8-Dbv

Kcrlstnos Eoy =8-Ehk

Modf Kibshe ;?-Ehk

Iodjuojh ode ilthroturh

Uch b``lkloi iodjuojh ls Mocoso Ldebdhslo wltc Hdjilsc, Eutkc ode Aovodhsh mhldj oisb ushe. Mocoso

Ldebdhslo ls wrltthd ld tch ]bnod oipcomht ode hvbivhe ̀ rbn tch norfht Noioy troeh iodjuojh ushe

tcrbujcbut tch rhjlbd eurldj tch kbibdloi hro. Uch jbvhrdnhdt“s kbdsklbus ehklslbd tb ush Mocoso

Ldebdhslo os tch b``lkloi iodjuojh sprudj but b` tchlr h``brt tb udl`y oii Ldebdhslods mhldj o troeh

iodjuojh. Lt ele dbt covh tch ilthrory clstbry br prhstljh b` btchr iodjuojhs sukc os Aovodhsh.

O dbtomih ilthrory ̀ ljurh b` Ldebdhslo ls Wronbheyo Ododto Ubhr, o whii-fdbwd outcbr wbd tch

Nojsoysoy Owore ode wos kbdslehrhe `br tch Dbmhi Wrlzh ld Ilthroturh. Kcolrli Odwor wos oisb od

lnpbrtodt `ljurh ld tch ilthroturh wbrie ode o nhnmhr b` tch Jhdhrotlbd 58 jrbup b` outcbrs wcb whrhoktlvh ld tch Ldebdhslod ldehphdehdkh nbvhnhdt.

@ljurh 8 o&m&k

Kuiturh.

Uch sbmhr, noahstlk, ode prb`bude kburt orts b` hosthrd

ode khdtroi Aovo, wchrh Aovodhsh ls spbfhd, ldkiueh

woyodj fuilt scoebw tchotrh, woyodj brodj udnosfhe

eodkh, ode woyodj tbphdj nosfhe eodkh. Wupphttchothr ls vhry pbpuior ld Ldebdhslo. (@ljurh 8 o&m&k

ode : o&m)

Uch eodkh Mheoyo Fhtowodj ls tch nbst sokrhe eodkh ld

tch Woiokh b` [uroforto Coeldldjrot, lt ls tch nbtchr b`

btchr kburt eodkhs. (@ljurh 0). B``lkloiiy, Mheoyo

Fhtowodj ls bdiy phr`brnhe bdkh o yhor ld tch forotbd@ljurh 0





kbnpbude tb kbnnhnbroth tch kbrbdotlbd b` [rl [usucudod Wofbh Mbhwbdb, os tch Fldj b` [uroforto.

Ucls eodkh ls ehplktldj tch vhry sphkloi rhiotlbd mhtwhhd tch `lrst ruihr b` Notoron, Wodhnmocod

[hdbpotl wltc Fodahdj

@ljurh : o&m

]otu Fleui, tch Jbeehss b` tch [butc [ho ‛ tch _uhhd Fhdkodosorl. [ch vbwhe tb prbthkt hvhry Fldj b`

Notoron, tch elrhkt ehskhdeodts b` Wodhnmocod [hdbpotl os whii os tch kbudtry ode lts phbpih.

[ldkh tch ?<<7 tch jbvhrdnhdt b` Ldebdhslo cos udehrtofhd kbdsklbus h``brts tb oevodkh o dotlbdoi

kuiturh.

Doturoi Cozores

Uch cozores o musldhss noy ̀ okh ld Ldebdhslo orh rhiothe tb hortcquofhs ode vbikodlk oktlvlty, tsudonls,

`ibbeldj, typcbbds, ode nuesilehs.

@ljurh 3

Uch rldj b` @lrh

Uch ]ldj b` @lrh rh`hrs tb o rldj b` vbikodbhs orbude tch Wokl`lk Bkhod tcot rhsuit `rbn sumeuktlbd b`

bkhodlk pioths mhdhotc iljcthr kbdtldhdtoi pioths. Ldebdhslo ls chovliy o``hkthe my tch kbdtldubus





prhshdkh b` hortcquofhs ode tch tcrhot b` tsudonls. <7% b` tch wbrie“s hortcquofhs brljldoth `br tcls

orho. (@ljurh 3)

Ld =7?7, shvhroi Ldebdhslod vbikodbhs hrupthe ode koushe noabr eonojh ode elsruptlbd tb tch

pbpuiokh ode tb hkbdbnlk ldthrhsts. Nt. Nhropl, tch iorjhst b` tchsh hruptlbds, rhsuithe ld =:<,777

ldthrdoiiy elspiokhe phrsbds, wltc ?5? kosuoitlhs ode 58; ldaurlhs. Ldebdhslo cos ehpibyhe od h``hktlvh

vbikodb nbdltbrldj systhn, wclkc cos hdomihe tch jbvhrdnhdt tb ld`brn tch pbpuiotlbd ombutpbthdtloi hruptlbds ode tb elrhkt hvokuotlbds tcot prhvhdt kosuoitlhs. Zchd Nt. Forodjhtodj ld Khdtroi

[uiowhsl hrupthe ld Norkc =7??, ?,=77 rhslehdts whrh hvokuothe wltc db kosuoitlhs.

Bmshrvldj ot tch shlsnlk cozore nop b` tch kbudtry lt ls hvlehdt tcot tch cljchst kbdkhdtrotlbd b`

pbpuiotlbd ls vhry kibsh tb vbikodbhs br thktbdlk pioths br orhos wchrh noy mh ehvostothe my tsudonls.

(@ljurh < o)

@ljurh < o&m

Usudonls

Okkbreldj tb tch X[ Dotlbdoi Bkhod [hrvlkh ’tsudonls orh jlodt wovhs koushe my hortcquofhs br

vbikodlk hruptlbds udehr tch sho. But ld tch ehptcs b` tch bkhod, tsudonl wovhs eb dbt eronotlkoiiy

ldkrhosh ld chljct. Mut os tch wovhs trovhi ldiode, tchy mulie up tb cljchr ode cljchr chljcts os tch

ehptc b` tch bkhod ehkrhoshs. Usudonl wovhs noy trovhi os `ost os aht piodhs bvhr ehhp wothrs,

bdiy sibwldj ebwd wchd rhokcldj scoiibw wothrs.

Eurldj bdh sukc bkkoslbd bd Ehkhnmhr =0, =775 o tsudonl wos tch rhsuit b` o nosslvh hortcquofh

tcot bkkurrhe wchd tch Ldelo thktbdlk pioth sum-eukthe mhdhotc tch Murno pioth, kousldj od

hortcquofh wltc o nojdltueh b` ot ihost <.7 bd tch ]lkcthr skoih. Uch hortcquofh elspiokhe o cujh

onbudt b` wothr, krhotldj wovhs wltc chljcts b` ?7.3 nhthrs (;8.8 `hht). Uch [unotro Usudonl

trovhiihe orbude tch wbrie ld aust bdh eoy, ehvostotldj kbostoi kbnnudltlhs ode fliildj od hstlnothe

=;7,777 phbpih. (@ljurh <m)





Frofotbo vbikodb

Uch hruptlbd b` tch vbikodb Frofotbo bd Oujust =0tc ?33; cos mhhd tch nbst kotostrbpclk hruptlbd ld

tch rhkbrehe clstbry. Nody kbdslehr tcot tch hruptlbd kbdstltuths tch ibuehst sbude hvhr chore. Uch

rhsuit wos tch kbnpihth ehstruktlbd b` tch lsiode ]ofoto. Uch tsudonl jhdhrothe fliihe nbrh tch ;7

tcbusode phbpih. (@ljurh ?7 o&m)

@ibbes ode Nuesilehs

Eurldj tch roldy shosbd -- Ehkhnmhr tb Norkc -- ìbbes ode nuesilehs wrhof covbk ld nody orhos b`

Ldebdhslo, ldkiueldj Aoforto. Bvhr tch post yhor, ìbbes whrh tch nbst `rhquhdt elsosthr hvhdt ld

Ldebdhslo. Ld =7??, chovy rolds bd Aoduory ?8-?0 koushe tch ̀ ibw b` iocor (vbikodlk nueìbw) ̀ rbn Nt.

Nhropl ld Khdtroi Aovo. Ucls ìbw lsbiothe 87,777 rhslehdts ode ehstrbyhe 8= lrrljotlbd eons. Bd Norkc

?7, =7??, =? phbpih elhe o`thr ̀ ibbes swhpt tcrbujc Wlelh rhjhdky ld Okhc. Ucls ̀ ioscìbbe oisb coskoushe cuderhes b` cbushs tb mh ldudeothe wltc wothr ode shvhd mrlejhs tb kbiiopsh. Bd Noy 3, =7??,

rolds koushe ̀ ioscìbbes tcot fliihe ?= phbpih ode ldudeothe tcbusodes b` cbushs ld Jorut, Zhst Aovo.

Ode bd Noy ?3, =7??, chovy rolds ld Dbrtc [unotro koushe ̀ bur phbpih tb erbwd ode fliihe odbtchr ̀ bur

phbpih ld tch iodesileh koushe my tch rold. (X[ [toth Ehportnhdt)

Wbiltlkoi ode [bkloi Osplrotlbds

Ldebdhslo mhkonh ldehphdehdt ̀ rbn Cbiiode ld ?<58. Uch pbiltlkoi systhn ls tcot b` o rhpumilk. Uch

prhslehdt ls oisb tch choe b` stoth ode b` tch jbvhrdnhdt. Euh tb lts elvhrsh ildjulstlk ode kuituroi

chrltojh Ldebdhslo cos oiwoys su``hrhe shporotlsts“ nbvhnhdts. Uch nbst prhvoihdt sukc nbvhnhdts

orh tcbsh ld tch orhos b` Okhc, Foilnodtod, [uiowhsl, tch Nbiukko Lsiodes ode Wopuo. O`thr o

rh`hrhdeun ode sljdl`lkodt ldthrdotlbdoi prhssurh, Host Ulnbr rhkhlvhe lts ldehphdehdkh ld =77=.

Oenldlstrotlvhiy Ldebdhslo ls shporothe ldtb ;? prbvldkhs. Uch ihjoi systhn ls klvli iow moshe bd tch

]bnod-Eutkc nbehi wltc kustbnory iow ldìuhdkhs. Uch Kclh` b` [toth ls Wrhslehdt [uslib Monmodj

\uecbybdb sldkh =775. Uch komldht ls oppbldthe my tch prhslehdt. Hihktlbds `br tch Wrhslehdt orh chie

hvhry ̀ lvh yhors.

Uch nbst pbpuior pbiltlkoi portlhs moshe bd tch rhsuits ̀ rbn tch nbst rhkhdt hihktlbds orh1

@ljurh ?7 o&m





Ehnbkrot Worty (WF) =7% ?53 shots

@udktlbdoi Jrbups Worty (JBIFO]) ?5.8% ?7: shots

Ldebdhslo Ehnbkrotlk Worty-[trujjih (WEL-W) ?5% <5 shots

Wrbsphrbus Austlkh porty (WF[) :.<% 8: shots

Dotlbdoi Nodeoth Worty (WOD) 0% 50 shots

Lt tbtoi ld tch iost hihktlbds tchrh whrh ;3 portlhs rhprhshdthe wltc bdiy dldh portlhs okkunuiotldj

hdbujc shots tb mh rhprhshdthe ld tch porilonhdt.

Uch dbd- porilonhdtory jrbups tcot hxhrt tch cljchst pbiltlkoi prhssurh orh1 Uch Kbnnlsslbds ̀ br tch

’Elsopphorhe„ ode Plktlns b` Plbihdkh br Fbdtros, tch Ldebdhslod Kbrruptlbd Zotkc br LKZ, ode tch

Ldebdhslod @brun ̀ br tch Hdvlrbdnhdt br ZOICL.

]hkhdt pbiltlkoi ehvhibpnhdts

Wrhslehdt [uslib Monmodj \uecbybdb (o `brnhr jhdhroi) hxcoustldj cls thrns ld b``lkh cos dbt donhe o

prh`hrrhe sukkhssbr. Ch ls tchrh`brh mhkbnldj o ionh eukf prhslehdt. Odybdh wcb nljct mh plkfhe tb

`biibw cln wlii su``hr `rbn ossbklotlbd wltc o porty wlehiy shhd os kbnpihthiy kbrrupt. Zchd Wrhslehdt

\uecbybdb wos rh-hihkthe wltc o strhdjtchdhe nodeoth ld =77<, nody Ldebdhslods cbphe ld cls `ldoithrn wlii nofh od otthnpt tb `ljct kbrruptlbd. Ldsthoe, rh`brns covh sibwhe ode \uecbybdb's bwd

porty cos mhhd piojuhe my shrlbus skodeois.

Wbthdtloi kcoiihdjhrs orh tryldj tb pbsltlbd tchnshivhs `br tch upkbnldj hihktlbd. @brhnbst onbdj

tchn ls Wrombwb [umlodtb, o `brnhr jhdhroi okkushe b` cunod rljcts omushs ode o kbup otthnpt, mut

wcb cos rhldvhdthe clnshi` os o musldhssnod ode pbpuior pbiltlklod. Kboi nojdoth Omurlzoi Mofrlh, cos

shkurhe tch Jbifor Worty prhslehdtloi dbnldotlbd. Ch wlii mh o shrlbus kbdthdehr, oibdj wltc tch kcbshd

kodeleoth `rbn `brnhr ruildj porty tch WEL-W.

Zh scbuie odtlklpoth o sibwebwd ld pbilkynofldj os konpoljdldj ldthdsl`lhs.

Auelkloi [ysthn

Uch auelkloi mrodkc kbdslsts b` tch [uprhnh Kburt, Kbdstltutlbdoi Kburt, tch Cljc Kburt b` Opphoi, tch

Elstrlkt Kburts ode rhiljlbus kburts.

]hshdt auelkloi ehklslbds h``hktldj musldhss

Nbvhs ld tch hdhrjy ldeustry covh wbrrlhe odoiysts ode hxhkutlvhs ombut tch ihjoi khrtoldty b`

prbeuktlbd kbdtrokts. Ld Dbvhnmhr, tch kbdstltutlbdoi kburt dotlbdoilzhe tch bli ode jos rhjuiotbr

MWNljos ode codehe lts outcbrlty tb tch hdhrjy nldlstry. Jbvhrdnhdt b``lklois rhquhsthe tch ibkoi kclh`

b` Hxxbd Nbmli Kbrp tb sthp ebwd o`thr shvhroi Ldebdhslod `lrns `olihe tb muy doturoi jos osshts tcot

Hxxbd coe put up `br soih.

Modfldj

Okkbreldj tb tch shktbr“s rhjuiotbr, tch Modf b` Ldebdhslo, tchrh orh ?=7 kbnnhrkloi modfs ode ?03?

ruroi ihdehrs ld Ldebdhslo. Ld rhoilty, cbwhvhr, o snoii dunmhr b` tchn orh rhspbdslmih ̀ br nbst b` tch

ihdeldj oktlvlty ld tch norfht, wltc ?8 modfs okkbudtldj `br ombut :7% b` krhelt. Os rodfhe my osshts,

tch ̀ biibwldj orh tch ̀ lvh iorjhst modfs ld tch kbudtry, ldkiueldj tcrhh stoth-bwdhe ldstltutlbds. (Bx`bre

Musldhss Jrbup =7?=).





Modf Nodelrl

Modf ]ofyot Ldebdhslo (M]L)

Modf Khdtroi Oslo (MKO)

Modf Dhjoro Ldebdhslo (MDL)

Klnm Dlojo

]hshdt ehvhibpnhdts ld tch Modfldj [ysthn ode nbdhtory pbilky

Ld modfldj, o $:.= mliilbd mle my [ldjopbrh's EM[ Jrbup Cbieldjs `br tch wcbih b` Modf Eodonbd ihe tch

khdtroi modf tb ̀ ldoilzh dhw ruihs bd modf bwdhrsclp tcot wlii usuoiiy bdiy oiibw 57 phrkhdt sldjih

bwdhrsclp. Uch ehoi, wclkc wbuie mh [butchost Oslo's mljjhst hvhr tofhbvhr, ls stlii stoiihe os Ldebdhslo

ls dbw puscldj dhljcmbr [ldjopbrh tb bphd up tb lts nold stoth modf ld rhturd.

Nbdhtory pbilky cos mhhd stomih, tcbujc Wrhslehdt \uecbybdb cos noeh o surprlsh mle tb rhpiokh tch

khdtroi modf jbvhrdbr wltc cls `ldodkh nldlsthr, o kcblkh tcot dhhes tb mh opprbvhe my porilonhdt. Ld

Norkc, tch khdtroi modf chie lts fhy ldthrhst roth sthoey ot 8.:8 phrkhdt `br o tclrthhdtc stroljct nbdtc

os lt shhfs tb suppbrt ebnhstlk ehnode.

Choitc

Os okkhss tb heukotlbd lnprbvhe tcrbujcbut tch orkclphiojb, ush b` nbehrd `brns b` choitc korh oisb

lnprbvhe. Bdh b` tch nbst dbtomih `hoturhs b` Ldebdhslo“s choitc korh systhn ld kbnporlsbd tb btchr [H

Oslod dotlbds wos tch ibw ihvhi b` jbvhrdnhdt suppbrt. Zh prhshdt mhibw sbnh shihktlvh stotlstlks `br

ld`odt nbrtoilty os rh`hrhdkhe my XD ZCB ode tch Zbrie Modf (=7?7). (@ljurh ??, ?= o&m)

@ljurh ??





@ljurh ?= o&m

;. HKBDBN\

Ldebdhslo cos shhd o +0% jrbwtc ld lts JEW tcrhh yhors ld o rbii wclkc cos ottrokthe nody ldvhstbrs

elskburojhe my tch phr`brnodkh b` Hurbph ode X[. H``brts covh mhhd noeh tb ldtrbeukh rh`brns ld tch

`ldodkloi shktbr ldkiueldj tox ode kustbns rh`brns. Eurldj tch rhkhdt jibmoi hkbdbnlk krlshs Ldebdhslo

butphr`brnhe nbst b` lts dhljcmbrs ode wltc Kcldo ode Ldelo whrh tch bdiy dotlbds tb pbst jrbwtc ld

=77<.

Uch `lskoi pbilklhs orh kbdshrvotlvh rhsuitldj ld o ehmt tb JEW rotlb b` =8%, o `lskoi eh`lklt b` mhibw ;%

ode clstbrlkoiiy ibw roths b` ld`iotlbd. @ltkc ode Nbbey“s mbtc upjroehe Ldebdhslo“s krhelt rotldj. Os b`

Aoduory =7?5 Nbbey's Ldvhstbrs [hrvlkh cos ossljdhe eh`ldltlvh rotldjs b` Moo; (ibwhst b` ldvhstnhdt

jroeh mbdes) tb tch Jbvhrdnhdt b` Ldebdhslo's mbde b``hrldjs wltc skcheuihe noturlty eoths ld =7=5

ode =755 wltc tch butibbf mhldj stomih.

Aovo ls tch nold ode nbst ehvhibphe lsiode wchrh oinbst 07% b` tch Ldebdhslod pbpuiotlbd ilvhs ode

nbst b` tch musldhss ode jbvhrdnhdt oktlvltlhs tofh piokh. Uch kbdkhdtrotlbd b` ld`rostrukturh

ldvhstnhdt ld Ldebdhslo ls nbstiy ̀ bkushe ld Aovo ode Dbrtc [unotro. (@ljurh ?;)

@ljurh ?;





@ljurh ?5

Ld thrns b` nldhroi rhshrvhs Ldebdhslo ls o wbrie ihoehr ode mhibw orh o `hw cljciljcts wbrtc

nhdtlbdldj. (@ljurh ?5)

?8tc rodf b` wbrie kboi rhshrvh1 Kboi rhsburkhs hstlnothe orbude ?75 mliilbd tbds wltc nldhomih

rhshrvh opprbxlnothiy =? mliilbd tbds :tc rodf b` wbrie jbie rhshrvh1 Jbie rhsburkhs hstlnothe orbude 5,?0; tbds wltc nldhomih

rhshrvh opprbxlnothiy ;,;<5 tbds

:tc rodf b` wbrie kbpphr rhshrvh1 Kbpphr rhsburkhs hstlnothe orbude 03.<0 nliilbd tbds wltc

nldhomih rhshrvh opprbxlnothiy 5?.5: nliilbd tbds

8tc rodf b` wbrie tld rhshrvh1 Uld rhsburkhs hstlnothe orbude 7.0== nliilbd tbds wltc nldhomih

rhshrvh opprbxlnothiy 7.50= nliilbd tbds

3tc rodf b` wbrie dlkfhi rhshrvh1 Dlkfhi brh rhsburkhs hstlnothe orbude ?,087.5 nliilbd tbds

wltc nldhomih rhshrvh opprbxlnothiy 838.= nliilbd tbds

([burkh1 Ldebdhslod Nldldj Ossbklotlbd, =77:)

Ld thrns b` sbnh jhdhroi stotlstlks wh wbuie ilfh tb

cljciljct tch ̀ biibwldj.

JEW ls $?.=;: Urliilbd (=7?=)

JEW jrbwtc roth ls 0.=%

Uch kurrhdky ls tch Ldebdhslod ]uploc (LE]) ode

tch hxkcodjh roth phr ? X[ ebiior ls ??,<58 (=7?5).

Uch kurrhdky ls udehr prhssurh os whof hxpbrts ode

ldkrhoshe lnpbrts covh krhothe troeh ode kurrhdt okkbudt eh`lklts. Iokf b` sphdeldj bd ld`rostrukturh

ode dotlbdoilst hkbdbnlk ode troeh pbilklhs orh o rlsf ̀ br ldvhstbrs. Uchrh covh mhhd rhkhdt upchovoi ldtch rhjuiotlbd b` nldldj ode hdhrjy os pbiltlklods try tb kbdtrbi fhy sburkhs b` rhvhduh ochoe b` =7?5

hihktlbds. (D. Kcotthrahh, ]huthrs =7?;)

Uch noabr hkbdbnlk shktbr ld Ldebdhslo ls tch nodu`okturldj ode prbkhssldj shktbr wclkc kbdtrlmuths

orbude =5% b` tch JEW.

Uch JEW kbnpbsltlbd my hde ushr ls prhebnldodtiy kbnpbshe my cbushcbie kbdsunptlbd ode

ldvhstnhdts ld `lxhe osshts ode ldvhdtbrlhs. (@ljurh ?8)

?5%

5:%

;<%

JEW Kbnpbsltlbd

Ojrlkuiturh

Ldeustry

[hrvlkhs

@ljurh ?8





Uch JEW kbnpbsltlbd my shktbr b` tch hkbdbny ldelkoths tcot ld =7?= 5:% wos ld ldeustry, ;3.0% ld

shrvlkhs ode ?5.5% ld ojrlkuiturh.

Ldebdhslo ls strujjildj ld tch orhos b` pbvhrty,

udhnpibynhdt, ldoehquoth ld`rostrukturh,

kbrruptlbd, vhry kbnpihx rhjuiotbry

hdvlrbdnhdt, ode udhquoi rhsburkh elstrlmutlbdonbdj rhjlbds. Ub mh omih tb tokfih ̀ uturh

kcoiihdjhs tch kbudtry cos tb oeerhss tch

ld`rostrukturh lssuh kbupihe my hilnldotldj tch

lnphelnhdt tb hkbdbnlk jrbwtc, iombr udrhsts

bvhr wojhs, ode rheukldj lts `uhi sumsley

prbjron ld vlhw b` cljc bli prlkhs.

Uch nold ldeustrlhs ld Ldebdhslo ls1 Whtrbihun

ode doturoi jos, thxtlihs, outbnbtlvh, hihktrlkoi

oppilodkhs, opporhi, `bbtwhor, nldldj, khnhdt,

nhelkoi ldstrunhdts ode oppilodkhs, codelkro`ts,kchnlkoi `hrtlilzhrs, piywbbe, rummhr, prbkhsshe

`bbe, ahwhiry, ode tburlsn.

Uch nold ojrlkuituroi prbeukts b` Ldebdhslo orh1

rummhr ode slnlior prbeukts, poin bli, pbuitry,

mhh`, `brhst prbeukts, scrlnp, kbkbo, kb``hh,

nhelkldoi chrms, hsshdtloi blis, `lsc ode lts slnlior

prbeukts, ode splkhs.

Ld`rostrukturh

Ld`rostrukturh cos mhhd bdh b` tch kcoiihdjhs `br

tch Ldebdhslod jbvhrdnhdt ld ottroktldj `brhljd

ldvhstnhdt. Ld tch kbudtry tchrh orh orbude ;<?

flibnhthrs b` rboes, 0,877 flibnhthrs b`

roliwoys,, ode =?.8 flibnhthrs b` wothrwoys. Ld

oeeltlbd Ldebdhslo cos 08= olrpbrts. Uch kurrhdt

ld`rostrukturh dhhes tb mh sljdl`lkodtiy

ehvhibphe ode tch jbvhrdnhdt“s prlbrlty ls

pbwhr ode hdhrjy, wothr ode sodltotlbd

`okliltlhs, rboes, trodspbrtotlbd ode

thihkbnnudlkotlbd. (C[MK, =7?=)

Uroeldj (Lnpbrts/Hxpbrts)

Ldebdhslo hxpbrts1 bli ode jos, hihktrlkoi

oppilodkhs, piywbbe, thxtlihs, ode rummhr. Uch nold hxpbrt portdhrs orh1 Aopod, Kcldo, [ldjopbrh, [butc

Fbrho, X[, Ldelo, ode Noioyslo. (@ljurh ?:)

Aopod

=8%

Kcldo

?3%

[ldjopbrh

?5%

[butc

Fbrho

?=%

X[

?=%

Ldelo?7%

Noioyslo

<%

Kcldo

=;%

[ldjopbr

h

=?%Aopod

?3%

Noioyslo

?7%

[butc

Fbrho

?7%

X[

<%

Ucoliode

<%

-?7.77% -8.77% 7.77% 8.77% ?7.77%

Aopod

Kcldo

[ldjopbrh

[butc Fbrho

X[

Ldelo

Noioyslo

Uroeh surpius/eh`lklt

@ljurh ?0

@ljurh ?:

@ljurh ?3





Ldebdhslo lnpbrts1 nokcldhry ode hqulpnhdt, kchnlkois, ̀ uhis, ode ̀ bbestu``. Uch nold lnpbrt portdhrs

orh1 Kcldo, [ldjopbrh, Aopod, Noioyslo, [butc Fbrho, X[, ode Ucoliode. (@ljurh ?0)

@rbn tch ombvh wh kod kbdkiueh tcot Ldebdhslo cos troeh surpius wltc1 Ldelo, X[, [butc Fbrho ode

Aopod. Zclih lt cos troeh eh`lklt wltc1 Noioyslo, [ldjopbrh, ode Kcldo. (@ljurh ?3)

@ljurh ?< o&m

Okkbreldj tb tch X[ Hdhrjy Ld`brnotlbd Oenldlstrotlbd `rbn ’[ldjopbrh ode tch [trolt b` Noiokko

kcbfhpbldt ld tch sbutcwhst tb tch [trolt b` Uolwod ld tch dbrtchost, tch [butc Kcldo [ho ls bdh b` tch

nbst lnpbrtodt hdhrjy troeh rbuths ld tch wbrie. Oinbst o tclre b` jibmoi krueh bli ode bvhr coi` b`

jibmoi ilquh`lhe doturoi jos (IDJ) posshs tcrbujc tch [butc Kcldo [ho hokc yhor. Uch [trolt b` Noiokko ls

tch scbrthst sho rbuth mhtwhhd O`rlkod ode Whrslod Jui` suppilhrs ode Oslod kbdsunhrs„. (@ljurh ?< o&m)

Ldebdhslo prbeukhs ombut <?=,?77 mmi/eoy (=7?= hst.) ode hxpbrts ;:?,577 mmi/eoy nofldj lt tch =?

hxpbrthr b` bli ld tch wbrie. Ld thrns b` prbvhd rhshrvhs Ldebdhslo cos 5 mliilbd mmi (=7?;).

]hshdt ehvhibpnhdts ld tch hkbdbnlk pbilky

Uch jbvhrdnhdt cos prbkhhehe tb tox hxpbrts b` nldhroi brhs ode sht qubto rhstrlktlbds bd khrtold `bbe

lnpbrts. Oisb lt ls hdkburojldj rhtolihrs tb ldkrhosh ldvhdtbrlhs b` ibkoiiy-noeh jbbes. Uch oln b` tch

jbvhrdnhdt ls tb mbbst ibkoi noduòkturldj ode upjroeh tch hkbdbny `rbn o kbnnbelty prbeukhr ldtb

od ldeustrloi pbwhrcbush.

Uchsh pbilklhs covh hdkburojhe elrhkt ldvhstnhdt ld orhos sukc os poin bli ode kbkbo prbkhssldj,

cbwhvhr ot tch kbst b` cljchr prlkhs `br lnpbrthe `bbe, ode o sljdl`lkodt rheuktlbd ld tch hxpbrt b`

nhtois.

Iombr ode Xdhnpibynhdt

Zltc orbude =57 nliilbd phbpih, Ldebdhslo ls tch `burtc nbst pbpuibus kbudtry ld tch wbrie. Uch

kbudtry cos o ybudj pbpuiotlbd os orbude coi` b` tch tbtoi pbpuiotlbd ls mhibw tch ojh b` ;7 yhors. Ucls

ropleiy rlsldj pbpuiotlbd ls stroldldj tch Ldebdhslod hnpibynhdt norfht sldkh lt ls hstlnothe tcot

orbude = nliilbd dhw hdtrodts orh shhfldj abms hokc yhor. Ojrlkuiturh (5;%) ode [hrvlkhs (55%) orh tch

twb mljjhst hnpibyldj shktbrs. Uofldj tcbsh twb òktbrs ld kbdslehrotlbd, Ldebdhslo kurrhdtiy kbdtolds o

iorjh iombr `brkh6 bdh tcot wlii jrbw iorjhr ld tch `brhshhomih ùturh.

http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/images/2013.04.04/mapcrudebig.png





@ljurh =7

Uch udhnpibynhdt roth cos rhnoldhe orbude 0% tch iost `hw yhors os lt ls trokfhe my Uch Zbrie modf.

(@ljurh =?)

@ljurh =?

O wbrryldj kcorokthrlstlk b` Ldebdhslo ls tcot tch udhnpibynhdt roth ls cljchst `br phbpih mhtwhhd tch

ojh b` ?8 ode =5, `or ombvh tch kbudtry's dotlbdoi ovhrojh. ]hkhdtiy jroeuothe stuehdts `rbn

udlvhrsltlhs, vbkotlbdoi skcbbis ode shkbdeory skcbbis covh el``lkuitlhs ̀ ldeldj tchlr piokh ld tch dotlbdoi

wbrf`brkh. Ld rhkhdt yhors, tch scorh b` cljchr heukotlbd ehjrhh cbiehrs rlshs, wclih tch scorh b` tcbsh

tcot whdt tb prlnory skcbbi ehkrhoshs. (@ljurh ==)

@ljurh ==

]hshdt ehvhibpnhdts ombut Iombr lssuhs

[hkurlty rlsfs `rbn iombur udrhst covh mhkbnh o kbdkhrd `br ldvhstbrs ld nodu`okturldj.

Ehnbdstrotlbds bvhr wojhs ode tch ush b` butsburkldj turdhe vlbihdt ot sbnh ldeustrloi hstoths bd Aovo

ode Moton lsiodes. Zbrfhrs wodt o jrhothr scorh b` prb`lts `rbn tch jrbwldj hkbdbny. Uchy orh ilfhiy

tb fhhp puscldj `br cljchr wojhs tcrbujc strlfhs ode prbthsts, o`thr wlddldj nldlnun wojh ldkrhoshs

b` up tb orbude 87 phrkhdt `br tcls yhor.





Wbvhrty

Mhtwhhd tch nle-?<07s ode ?<<0, tch dunmhr b` Ldebdhslods tcot ilvhe mhibw tch pbvhrty ildh hoshe

`rbn bvhr coi` b` tch tbtoi pbpuiotlbd tb ?? phrkhdt. Ld tch ioth ?<<7s wchd tch Oslod @ldodkloi Krlsls clt

Ldebdhslo lt koushe tch pbvhrty roth tb rlsh up `rbn ?? tb ?<.< phrkhdt (?<<3).

@ljurh =;

Chrh wh wlsc tb dbth tcot tch Ldebdhslod jbvhrdnhdt cos oithrhe br sb`thdhe tch eh`ldltlbd b` wcot ls

pbvhrty ihvhi. Uch Ldebdhslod jbvhrdnhdt eh`ldhe tch pbvhrty ildh ot o nbdtciy phr koplto ldkbnh b`

=;;,:57 ruploc br opprbxlnothiy X[E $=8 ($7.3;/eoy). Oppiyldj cbwhvhr tch pbvhrty tcrhscbie os ls

ushe my tch Zbrie Modf, wclkc kiossl`lhs tch phrkhdtojh b` tch Ldebdhslod pbpuiotlbd ilvldj bd ihss tcodX[E $?.=8 o eoy ($;:.87/nbdtc) os pbbr, tch phrkhdtojhs b` tch pbpuiotlbd ilvldj ld pbvhrty wlii rlsh

sljdl`lkodtiy. Okkbreldj tb tch Zbrie Modf, wchd tofldj ldtb okkbudt tch phrkhdtojh b` tch Ldebdhslod

pbpuiotlbd tcot ilvhs bd ihss tcod X[E $= o eoy, tch `ljurh `br =77< rlshs tb 87.0% b` tch pbpuiotlbd. Zh

wlsc tchrh`brh tb pbldt but tcot o iorjh prbpbrtlbd b` tch Ldebdhslod pbpuiotlbd ls ld `okt dhor pbbr.

Bdh rhnorfomih kcorokthrlstlk b` Ldebdhslod pbvhrty ls tcot tchrh ls o noabr el``hrhdkh ld thrns b`

rhiotlvh (% b` pbpuiotlbd) ode omsbiuth pbvhrty ld rhiotlbd tb jhbjropclkoi ibkotlbd. Zclih ld omsbiuth

thrns bvhr coi` b` tch tbtoi Ldebdhslod pbbr pbpuiotlbd ilvhs bd tch lsiode b` Aovo ld rhiotlvh thrns tch

prbvldkhs b` hosthrd Ldebdhslo scbw ̀ or cljchr dunmhrs b` pbvhrty. (@ljurh =;, =5 o&m)

@ljurh =5 o&m

Ibbfldj ot tch hxtrhnh whoitc tch mhibw ilst ls wcot @brmhs Nojozldh rhkbjdlzhs os tch tbp thd rlkchst

phrsbds ld Ldebdhslo (=7?;).

Ldebdhslo“s ?7 rlkchst nhd (@brmhs, =7?;)

]odf Donh Dht Zbrtc Ojh [burkh b` Zhoitc

? ]. Muel & Nlkcohi Cortbdb $?8,777 N - Modfldj, Ubmokkb





= Hfo Ualpto Zleaoao & ònliy $:,777 N <7 Woin Bli, [hi`-noeh

; Odtcbdl [oiln & ònliy $0,;77 N 08 Elvhrsl`lhe, [hi`-noeh

5 [uslib Zbdbwleabab & ònliy $8,;77 N 83 Ubmokkb

8 Kcolrui Uodaudj $5,777 N 8? Elvhrsl`lhe, [hi`-noeh

0 [rl Wrofosc Ibclo $;,:77 N 0? Wbiyhsthr

: Mbhdaonld [htlowod & ònliy $;,777 N 37 Wcorno, [hi`-noeh

3 Whthr [bdeofc $=,:77 N 0? Ldvhstnhdts, [hi`-noeh

< Nbkctor ]loey & ònliy $=,877 N 35 Elvhrsl`lhe, [hi`-noeh

?7 [ufodtb Uodbtb $=,;77 N 05 Elvhrsl`lhe, [hi`-noeh

Ucrhot tb musldhss

Wlroky - =7?;

@ljurh =8

Norltlnh plroky ld Ldebdhslod wothrs kbdtlduhs, oitcbujc ldklehdts covh ehkrhoshe sthoeliy ld rhkhdt

yhors. (X[ [toth Ehportnhdt) (@ljurh =8)

Uhrrbrlst ottokfs

Uhrrbrlsn cos dbt ih`t Ldebdhslo udo``hkthe. Zchd sukc od hvhdt

tofhs piokh tchy orh typlkoiiy ̀ rbn nliltlos tcot pbiltlkoiiy bppbshe

tb Ldebdhslod jbvhrdnhdt ldthrhst. Uchrh orh o dunmhr b`

shporotlst nbvhnhdts bphrotldj ld Ldebdhslo. [bnh b` tch nbst

lnpbrtodt orh tch Eorui Lsion (Ldebdhslo), @rhtlild (Host Ulnbrhsh

ldehphdehdkh nliltlo eurldj Ldebdhslod bkkupotlbd b` Host Ulnbr),

Jhrofod Okhc Nhrehfo, ode Brjodlsosl Wopuo Nhrehfo. ]hkhdt

thrrbrlsn ld Ldebdhslo kod ld port mh ottrlmuthe tb tch oi-_oheo-

o``lilothe Ahnooc Lsionlyoc Lsionlst thrrbr jrbup. [ldkh =77;, o

dunmhr b` 'whsthrd torjhts' covh mhhd ottokfhe. (@ljurh =0)

Uhrrbrlsn ldthdsl`lhe ld =777 wltc tch Aoforto [tbkf Hxkcodjh

mbnmldj, ̀ biibwhe my ̀ bur iorjhr ottokfs. Uch ehoeilhst fliihe =7=

phbpih (ldkiueldj ?05 tburlsts) ld tch Moil rhsbrt tbwd b` Futo ld =77=. Nody b` tch ihoehrs b` tchsh

brjodlzotlbds covh mhhd kopturhe ode nody fliihe, nbst dbtomiy Lnon [onuero, Onrbzl, Omu Euaodo,

Ozocorl Cusld, ode Dbbreld Ubp.

@ljurh =0





[ldkh tchsh ottokfs, Ldebdhslo cos h``hktlvhiy pursuhe kbudthrthrrbrlsn h``brts tcrbujc ihjlsiotlbd ode

iow hd`brkhnhdt. Ld =7?7, shkurlty `brkhs orrhsthe nbrh tcod ?77 ldelvleuois bd thrrbrlsn-rhiothe

kcorjhs. Cbwhvhr, vlbihdt hihnhdts ld Ldebdhslo kbdtlduh tb ehnbdstroth o wliildjdhss ode omlilty tb

korry but vlbihdt ottokfs wltc ilttih br db wordldj.

]hjlbdoiiy, thrrbrlst khiis ode ldsurjhdts covh torjhthe pbilkh stotlbds ode b``lkhrs. Ld Bktbmhr =7?=, twb

pbilkh b``lkhrs whrh `bude ossossldothe ld Wbsb, [uiowhsl. Ld Dbvhnmhr =7?=, tchrh whrh vorlbus ornheottokfs bd pbilkh stotlbds ode b``lkhrs ld Khdtroi Aovo, ldkiueldj o mbnm `bude ld Wosor Filwbd Wbilkh

Wrhkldkt, [uroforto. @brtudothiy, nody b` tchsh ottokfs ̀ olihe euh tb Ldebdhslod Dotlbdoi Wbilkh (LDW)

ldthrvhdtlbd. (X[ [toth Ehportnhdt, =7?5) (@ljurh =:)

Klvli Xdrhst

Ehnbdstrotlbds orh kbnnbd ld Aoforto ode

tcrbujcbut Ldebdhslo. Kbnnbd orhos ̀ br

prbthst oktlvlty ld Aoforto ldkiueh mbtc tch

Cbthi Ldebdhslo tro``lk klrkih ode tch X.[.

Hnmossy. Zclih tchsh ehnbdstrotlbds orhusuoiiy phokhùi ode pbilkh prhshdkh ls

dbrnoiiy su``lklhdt tb noldtold brehr,

ehnbdstrotlbds covh bkkoslbdoiiy mhkbnh

vlbihdt, portlkuioriy wchd ldvbivldj lssuhs

rhiothe tb rhiljlbd. Ld tch post, odtl-Onhrlkod

ehnbdstrotlbds ot tch Hnmossy covh mhhd

sporfhe my X.[. ̀ brhljd pbilky tbwores tch

Lsrohil-Woihstldlod kbdìlkt ode btchr lssuhs rhiothe tb tch Nleeih Host, Lroq, ode O`jcodlstod.

Krlnh

Krlnh kod mh o prbmihn ld sbnh noabr nhtrbpbiltod orhos ld Ldebdhslo. Krlnhs b` bppbrtudlty sukc os

plkf-pbkfhtldj ode tch`t bkkur tcrbujcbut tch kbudtry. Krlnldois ld Aoforto rhjuioriy rbm kustbnhrs ld

toxls poldthe tb ibbf ilfh toxls ̀ rbn rhputomih kbnpodlhs6 mbbfldj toxls my thihpcbdh elrhktiy ̀ rbn tch

kbnpody br tcrbujc cbthis ls tch mhst woy tb ovble òiildj vlktln tb tcls skon.

Ornhe kor-aokfldj, tch`t b` vhclkihs ode dbd-vlbihdt rhslehdtloi mrhof-lds eb bkkur ld Ldebdhslo. Whrsbdoi

ode "sdotkc-ode-jrom" rbmmhrlhs orh tch nbst kbnnbd typh b` krlnh, ode covh bkkurrhe rhjuioriy, tb

ldkiueh torjhtldj hxpotrloths ode hnmossy phrsbddhi.

Krhelt kore ̀ roue ode tch`t ls o shrlbus ode jrbwldj prbmihn ld Ldebdhslo, portlkuioriy ̀ br Zhsthrdhrs.

Oeeltlbdoiiy, brjodlzhe krlnh ls oisb o prbmihn ld Ldebdhslo ldkiueldj liihjoi ibjjldj ode ̀ lscldj,

tro``lkfldj-ld-phrsbds, tch soih b` liilklt ode kbudthr`hlt erujs, ode kbrruptlbd.

Ebldj Musldhss ld Ldebdhslo

Uoxotlbd

Xdehr tch kurrhdt iows o kbnpody ls trhothe os o rhslehdt b` Ldebdhslo l` lt cos lts hstomilscnhdt br

piokh b` nodojhnhdt ld tch kbudtry. O `brhljd kbnpody wlii moslkoiiy covh tb ossunh tch sonh tox

@ljurh =:





bmiljotlbds. Uch tox roth sldkh =7?7 ls =8% ode tch tox phrlbe ls Aoduory tb Ehkhnmhr. Mrodkc prb`lts orh

sumahkt tb tch sonh =8% roth. Uch o`thr tox prb`lts orh sumahkt tb o wltccbieldj tox b` =7% rhjoreihss b`

wchtchr tch prb`lts orh rhnltthe tb tch cbnh kbudtry. Whrsbdoi ldkbnh tox `biibws tch hskoiotlbd nbehi

wltc tch `lrst 87 nliilbd LE]s toxhe ot 8%, tch dhxt 87 nliilbd LE]s toxhe ot ?8%, tch dhxt =87 nliilbd LE]

ot =8%, ode bd odytcldj nbrh tcod 877 nliilbd ot ;7%. Oeeltlbdoi toxhs orh tch POU (voiuh oeehe tox) b`

?7%, o iode ode mulieldj tox ot 8% b` tch jbvhrdnhdt ehthrnldhe soihs voiuh, ode tch stonp tox b` ; br

8,777LE]s.

Hnpibynhdt Iow

Ldebdhslod Iow okkhpts vhrmoi os whii os wrltthd hnpibynhdt ojrhhnhdts. Uchrh orh `lxhe thrn ode

phrnodhdt hnpibynhdt ojrhhnhdts. Uch ̀ lxhe-thrn ls ushe ̀ br shosbdoi abms. Bd mlildjuoi kbdtrokts

ode wchrh tchrh ls o elsputh tch Ldebdhslod vhrslbd prhvolis. Uch wbrfldj cburs orh : cr/eoy br

57cr/whhf `br 0 wbrfldj eoys ld o whhf, br 3 cr/eoy ode 57 cr/wf `br 8 wbrfldj eoys ld o whhf.

Odytcldj bvhr tcod tcot ls kbdslehrhe bvhrtlnh hxkhpt `br phrsbds ld nodojhnhdt pbsltlbd.

Hnpibyhhs orh hdtltihe tb nldlnun b` ?= eoys o yhor vokotlbd. Uch iow phrnlts oeeltlbdoi eoys ̀ br

ehotc ld tch ̀ onliy, norrlojh br nothrdlty ihovh.

Jbvhrdnhdt nhelun thrn strothjy

Uch Ldebdhslod jbvhrdnhdt ls torjhtldj ode oktlvhiy prbnbtldj o $=== mliilbd ebiior `brhljd ldvhstnhdt.

H``brts orh udehrwoy tb lnprbvh tch rhjuiotbry `ronhwbrf, slnpil`yldj tch ilkhdsldj prbkhss ode

lnprbvldj tch musldhss ld`rostrukturh. [bnh cljciljcts b` tchlr h``brts orh1

tch hquoi trhotnhdt b` ebnhstlk ode ̀ brhljd ldvhstbrs

scbrthdldj tch ihdjtc b` tlnh tb eb musldhss my tch ldtrbeuktlbd b` od ’bdh-stbp„ ldthjrothe

shrvlkh

my oiibwldj `brhljd ldvhstbrs tb hnpiby hxpotrloths ld sbnh pbsltlbds

my hdsurldj tch rljct b` `brhljd ldvhstbrs tb rhpotrloth prb`lt ld tch `brn b` poynhdts b`

elvlehdes, rheuktlbd b` kopltoi, ilquleotlbd prbkhheldjs poynhdts, rbyoitlhs br thkcdlkoi ̀ hhs

my jrodtldj tox òkliltlhs moshe bd dunmhrs b` ibkoi hnpibyhhs

5. @B]HKO[U BD @XUX]H J]BZUC

Ldebdhslo ls o òr nbrh elvhrsl`lhe hkbdbny tcod bdh wbuie tcldf `rbn mhldj bd tch butsleh.(C[MK)

Nokrb hkbdbnlkoiiy Ldebdhslo cos o strbdj pbsltlbd mhldj tch ?0tc hkbdbny ld tch wbrie, ldìotlbd

òiildj tb sldjih eljlts ode o jbvhrdnhdt Ehmt tb JEW rotlb ̀ or mhtthr tcod o ibt b` oevodkhe hkbdbnlhs.Ldebdhslo cos o ybudj pbpuiotlbd ode tch urmod prbpbrtlbd b` tch pbpuiotlbd ls ldkrhosldj lnprbvldj

ldelvleuoi ldkbnhs. Os lt ls prbahkthe Ldebdhslo wlii shh ombut <7 nliilbd oeeltlbdoi kbdsunhrs hdthrldj

tch norfht wltc tch shkbde strbdjhst sphdeldj-pbwhr ld tch wbrie o`thr Kcldo.





Uoli Zldes

Uch rlsh b` tch Oslod kbdsunhr wlii

mh o sljdl`lkodt pbsltlvh ̀ oktbr ̀ br tch

ùturh b` Ldebdhslo mhkoush tch rlsh

ld ehnode wlii mh `br o rodjh b`rhsburkhs ode kbnnbeltlhs suppilhe

my Ldebdhslo sukc os poin bli, kboi,

ode bli.

Xrmod pbpuiotlbd ldkrhosh wlii erlvh

tch ehvhibpnhdt b` dhw kltlhs br

nhtrbpbiltod orhos ode ̀ okliltoth tch

ldkrhosh b` tch Ldebdhslod JEW.

Zbrfldj pbpuiotlbd jrbwtc wlii jhdhroth okkbreldj tb hstlnoths os nukc os =.8% tb tch bvhroii

Ldebdhslod JEW.

Uhkcdbibjy erlvhd ode eljltoi moshe oppilkotlbds wlii prbil`hroth hvhd nbrh òkliltotldj prbeuktlbd

ìhxlmlilty, h``lklhdky, kbnnudlkotlbd, ode ld tch `ldoi odoiysls tch òsthr, kchophr, mhtthr prbeukts ode

shrvlkhs.

Choe wldes

Uchrh orh cbwhvhr tcrhh vhry sljdl`lkodt lssuhs òkldj Ldebdhslo. Uch `lrst ls tch prbeuktlvlty rhqulrhe tb

noldtold o :% jrbwtc. Uch shkbde ls tch udhvhd elstrlmutlbd b` jrbwtc okrbss tch ebnldlbd ode rlsldj

ldhquoilty. Uch tclre ls tch ld`rostrukturh ode rhsburkh kbdstroldts.

]hkbnnhdeotlbds ̀ br oeerhssldj tch kcoiihdjhs

Ld brehr `br Ldebdhslo tb òkh tch lssuhs oeerhsshe ombvh lt ls bur vlhw tcot lt dhhes tb tokfih hokc

kcoiihdjh nhtcbelkoiiy, wltc kihor strothjy, os o ibdj thrn h``brt tcot hxthdes bvhr o dunmhr b`

oenldlstrotlbds ode ld o ̀ brn b` o dotlbdoi rotchr tcod pbiltlkoi h``brt.

Ub oeerhss tch dhhe tb mbbst prbeuktlvlty Ldebdhslo dhhes tb wbrf wltc shdsh b` urjhdky ld rhnbvldj

morrlhrs tb kbnphtltlbd.

Os o vhry lnpbrtodt `lrst sthp tch jbvhrdnhdt dhhes tb mbbst tch thihkbnnudlkotlbd ode mrboe mode

ldthrdht orhos. Ucls wlii prbvleh o nhelun `br tch kbdsunhrs dhw ode hxlstldj tb rhokc tch norfht b`prbeukts ode shrvlkhs ovbleldj pcyslkoi morrlhrs. Ot tch sonh tlnh tch jbvhrdnhdt dhhes tb nltljoth tch

morrlhrs tb cljchr prbeuktlvlty. Ld tch kosh b` `ldodkloi shrvlkhs tch prhshdt rhjuiotlbd ls qulth kbnpihx.

Ld tch kosh b` rhtoli troeh, tch jbvhrdnhdt scbuie ilnlt orhos b` prbthktlbdlsn wclkc prhvhdts

kbnpodlhs `rbn oebptldj nbrh h``lklhdt proktlkhs ode noy ilnlt kbnphtltlbd. Ld tch orhos b`

trodspbrtotlbd tch jbvhrdnhdt dhhes tb oeerhss tch ojldj ode tb sbnh hxthde stlii dbdhxlsthdt

ld`rostrukturh.

@ljurh =3





Zltc tch rople ldkrhosh ld tch o`ìuhdt nleeih kiosshs b` Ldelo, Kcldo, ode ebnhstlkoiiy rhsuitldj ld cljc

ehnode ̀ br ̀ bbe ode ojrlkuituroi prbeukts wh rhkbnnhde tcot Ldebdhslo scbuie stuey woys b` mbbstldj

tch prbeuktlvlty ld ojrlkuiturh ode `lscldj ldeustry. Uch kcoiihdjh chrh os wh covh ehskrlmhe ombvh

Ldebdhslo“s pbpuiotlbd nbrh ode nbrh ls ihovldj tch òrn iodes `br hstomilscldj o ihovldj ld urmod orhos.

Okkbreldj tb sbnh stuelhs tch rhqulrhe ldkrhosh ld prbeuktlvlty ld ojrlkuiturh cos tb rhokc 07% `rbn

;tbds phr ̀ ornhr tb ̀ lvh tbds ld =7?5. Zh ̀ hor tcot tch rople eh`brhstotlbd ld brehr tb mbbst prbeuktlvlty

my nofldj nbrh iode ovoliomih rotchr tcod utlilzldj nbrh nbehrd ode h``lklhdt nhtcbes b` òrnldj wlii

jhdhroth dhjotlvh hdvlrbdnhdtoi lnpilkotlbds. Ld bur vlhw Ldebdhslo dhhes tb wbrf ld tcrhh ̀ rbdts ld

tch orho b` ojrlkuiturh prbeuktlvlty. Uch ̀ lrst ls my mbbstldj ylhies. Uch shkbde ls tb scl`t prbeuktlbd tb

nbrh prb`ltomih krbps. Uch tclre ls tb rheukh wosth ld tch prbkhss b` codeildj tch prbeukts o`thr corvhst

ode tcrbujc tch suppiy kcold.

Os wh covh sole mh`brh wltc rople urmodlzotlbd Ldebdhslo ls oirhoey ld od hro b` cljc ehnode `br hdhrjy,

rbujc nothrlois, wothr ode btchr krltlkoi tb jrbwtc rhsburkhs. Lt cos tchrh`brh tb wbrf ld tch orho b`

ldthiiljhdt rhsburkh oiibkotlbd. Zh hxphkt tcot tch jbvhrdnhdt wlii covh tb sljdl`lkodtiy hxpode tch

dhtwbrf b` wothr suppiy tcot ls so`h ode oehquoth. Dbtwltcstodeldj wothr suppiy wh hxphkt tcot moslksodltotlbd wlii mh o krltlkoi kcoiihdjh bdh cbwhvhr tcot Ldebdhslo dhhes tb oeerhss wltc prlbrltlhs ld

orhos tcot covh vhry cljc pbpuiotlbd ehdsltlhs.

Zh rhkbnnhde tcot ld brehr tb oeerhss tch cljc ehnode `br hdhrjy rhsburkhs Ldebdhslo dhhes tb tofh

oevodtojh b` btchr dbt sb kbdvhdtlbdoi hdhrjy sburkhs. Zh rh`hr tb jhbtchrnoi hdhrjy, mlbùhis,

mlbnoss wclih ot tch sonh tlnh strlvh tb nbehrdlzh tchlr kbdvhdtlbdoi hdhrjy sburkh utlilzotlbd. [bnh

stuelhs hstlnoth tch sovldjs `rbn utlilzotlbd b` nbrh h``lklhdt nhtcbes b` jhdhrotldj hdhrjy, my

lnprbvldj trodspbrtotlbd, ode rhtrb`lttldj ode kbdstruktldj nbrh hdhrjy-h``lklhdt mulieldjs my =7;7 tb

mh os cljc os ?8%.

Ub suppbrt oii b` tcls jrbwtc lt ls hvlehdt tcot Ldebdhslo dhhes ode wlii dhhe ld tch ùturh sljdl`lkodt

dunmhrs b` sfliihe iombr ̀ brkh. Cunod kopltoi ls o kcoiihdjh Ldebdhslo wbuie nbst hxpheltlbusiy covh tb

oeerhss sldkh lt ls od h``brt wclkc rhqulrhs dbt bdiy tlnh mut oisb ldthiiljhdt ldkhdtlvhs ode o jross rbbts

opprbokc. [bnh stuelhs sujjhst tcot ld brehr `br Ldebdhslo tb rhokc ode noldtold tch :% jrbwtc tcot

tchy torjht tch ehnode `br sfliihe iombr `rbn tbeoys 88 nliilbd ld =7;7 dhhe tb mhkbnh ??; nliilbd.

Ldkrhosldj tch ̀ hnoih portlklpotlbd tb tch wbrf ̀ brkh wlii bdiy oee sb nukc (hstlnothe ot od oeeltlbdoi

=7 nliilbd). Lt ls tch vlhw b` tch Zbrie Modf ode btchrs tcot my =7;7 Ldebdhslo wlii òkh o < nliilbd

wbrf`brkh scbrtòii. Ld bur vlhw Ldebdhslo dhhes tb oeerhss tch lssuh b` thokcldj stodeores wltc

ldvhstnhdt ld mulieldjs ode thokcldj nothrloi kbupihe my ehsljdldj o kurrlkuiun tcot wlii oeerhss tch

ùturh ehnodes ld sfliis.

8. KBDKIX[LBD[

Ldebdhslo ls db ebumt o òskldotldj kbudtry tcot cos okkbnpilsche tb kbnh but b` tch kbibdloi ruih wltc

sukkhss. Lt cos o vhry ̀ ovbromih jhbpbiltlkoi ibkotlbd, o pbpuiotlbd tcot urmodlzhs ode ldkrhoshs ld slzh

ode osplrotlbds wclih hdthrldj tch nleeih kioss. Uch kcoiihdjhs Ldebdhslo ls òkldj ld tch orho b` ldkbnh

elsporlty, scbrtojh b` sfliihe iombr ode h``lklhdky ld rhsburkh oiibkotlbd, hdhrjy kbdsunptlbd, ode





ldvhstnhdt stlnuiotlbd. Wbthdtloiiy Ldebdhslo ls o ?.3 trliilbd ebiior ldvhstnhdt norfht ode wh kbdslehr

Ldebdhslo o vhry phrsuoslvh skhdorlb `br ldvhstnhdt udehr tch udehrstodeldj tch jbvhrdnhdt “s h``brts

wlii prhshdt o `lrn, kbdslsthdt ode ldthiiljhdt `bkus bd oeerhssldj tch lssuhs prhshdthe.





0. ]H@H]HDKH[

KLO @oktmbbf =7?;

cttps1//www.klo.jbv/ilmrory/pumilkotlbds/tch-wbrie-`oktmbbf/jhbs/le.ctni

C[MK - Kbnnhrkloi Modfldj ode WwK, =7?=. ’Ebldj Musldhss ld Ldebdhslo„.

Dhli Kcotthrahh, ]huthrs, @OKUMBS-Fhy pbiltlkoi rlsfs tb wotkc ld Ldebdhslo. ==-Nor-?;.

cttp1//uf.rhuthrs.kbn/ortlkih/=7?;/7;/==/ldebdhslo-rlsfs-leXF]L[FLE=7?;7;==

Bx`bre Musldhss Jrbup. Kbudtry Wrb`lih - Ldebdhslo“s Ihoeldj Modfs

cttp1//www.bx`bremusldhssjrbup.kbn/dhws/kibshr-ibbf-prb`lihs-kbudtry%H=%37%<<s-ihoeldj-

modfs

X[ [toth Ehportnhdt - Murhou b` Kbdsuior O``olrs - Ldebdhslo - [o`hty ode [hkurlty

cttp1//trovhi.stoth.jbv/kbdthdt/posspbrts/hdjilsc/kbudtry/ldebdhslo.ctni

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html

http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/03/22/indonesia-risks-idUKRISKID20130322


http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/news/closer-look-profiles-country%E2%80%99s-leading-banks



http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/country/indonesia.html






https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html

country profile project - indonesia

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