course syllabus/design project

Course Syllabus/Team Projects ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Course Syllabus/Design Project• Lecture #01 – August 31, 2021 • Course Syllabus

– Goals – Web-based Content – Schedule – Policies

• 2021/22 Design Projects

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© 2021 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu



Contact InformationDr. Dave Akin Neutral Buoyancy Research Facility/Room 2100D 301-405-1138 [email protected] http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu Nick Bolatto (TA)

301-405-7353 [email protected]

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COVID Accommodations• You MUST wear a mask at all times indoors,

properly positioned over your nose, mouth, and chin

• Faculty may choose to remove their mask while lecturing as long as we maintain adequate separation from all students (only if you can’t hear me with my mask)

• Need to facilitate contact tracing in case someone tests positive - pick a table in this room and stay there throughout the term

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Goals of ENAE 483/484 (and 788D)• Learn the basic tools and techniques of systems

analysis and space vehicle design • Develop individual skills in computer-aided design

and engineering communications • Understand the open-ended and iterative nature of

the design process • Simulate the cooperative group engineering

environment of the aerospace profession • Develop experience and skill sets for working in

teams • Perform and document professional-quality

systems design of focused space missions concepts

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Outline of Space Systems• ENAE 483/788D (Fall)

– Lecture style, problem sets and quizzes – Design as a discipline – Disciplinary subjects not contained in curriculum – Engineering graphics – Small design teams and projects

• ENAE 484 (Spring) – Four(?) independent group design projects – Externally imposed matrix organization – Engineering presentations – Group dynamics – Peer evaluations

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Additional Features of the Class• Emphasize project content

– Start 484 project during 483 – Build teams for spring term in the fall – Add specific lectures for project specialties – Provide opportunities for both experimentalists and

theoreticians • “Design/Build/Test/Evaluate”

– Space equivalent to “design/build/fly” for aero side – Parallels mission-level design activities – Major system(s) relevant to national programs

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Web-based Course Content• Data web site at http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

– Syllabus and course information – Lecture notes – Problems and solutions

• Course site on ELMS – Not used unless we go remote and have Zoom classes

• ENAE 483 Microsoft Teams site – Use for team communications, collaborative design

activities, alternative if Zoom goes down • Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design at

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/akins_laws.html

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http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu




Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design - #1

Engineering is done with numbers. Analysis without numbers is only an opinion.

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There is never a single right solution. There are always multiple wrong ones, though.

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Design is an iterative process. The necessary number of iterations is one more than the number you have currently done. This is true at any point in time.

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Course Content Overview• Fundamentals of Spacecraft Design

- Principles and tools of Systems Engineering - Vehicle-level design - Systems-level estimation

• Component Detailed Design - Crew Systems - Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms - Power, Propulsion, and Thermal Analysis - Avionics and Software

• Team Projects

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Content 1: Fundamentals of Space Systems• Systems Engineering • Space Environment • Orbital Mechanics • Engineering Graphics • Engineering Economics • Design Case Studies

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Content 2: Vehicle/System-Level Design• Rocket Performance • Parametric Analysis • Cost Estimation • Reliability and Redundancy • Confidence, Risk, and Resiliency • Mass Estimating Relations • Resource Budgeting

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Content 3: Component-Level Design• Crew Systems

– Space Physiology – Human Factors and Habitability – Life Support Systems Design – Radiation Effects and Mitigation

• Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms – Loads Estimation – Structural Analysis – Structures and Mechanisms Design

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Content 4: Component-Level Design• Propulsion, Power, and Thermal

– Propulsion System Design – Power System Design – Thermal Design and Analysis

• Avionics Systems – Attitude Dynamics/Proximity Operations – Data Management; GN&C – Communications – Other Topics

• Case studies (e.g., last year’s project) – Special lectures for this year’s projects

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Problem Sets• There is a problem set associated with most of

the lectures • These problem sets will form the knowledge

basis for the midterm and final exams • The material in the lectures will also be crucial

for successful completion of the team projects • There may be extra problems on some sets for

students in ENAE788D • Each problem set has a full solution set posted

after the submission deadline

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Fall-Term Team Design Exercises• There will be two design projects over the course

of the term • These will be performed by teams of 4-5 students

- the team assignments will be given to you • The results of the design exercise will be

submitted as presentation slides (PowerPoint/Keynote/Open Office or equivalent, and PDF)

• Team grades will be assigned for each design exercise, including adherence to the principles of the engineering communications lecture

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Course Schedule• Maintained on web site (follow links or

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/academics/483F21/483F21.index.html)

• Contains links to reference material, problem sets, solution sets, team project details, etc.

• Notes and announcements will also be posted at top of syllabus page as necessary

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About this Room…• The “6-round” classrooms are designed to

enhance collaboration • We had to get this room because of the size of

the class, but it would be good to emphasize collaboration in 483 (it’s what 484 is all about…)

• Parts of some classes will be “flipped” – Sections of lectures will be prerecorded and posted – You are expected to review these videos before class – You are responsible for all of the material

• Time freed up will be used for design projects

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2021 Course Schedule (part 1)

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2021 Course Schedule (part 2)

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Grading Policies• Grade Distribution

– 20% Homework Problems – 20% Midterm Exam – 30% Team Design Exercises* – 30% Final Exam

• Late Policy – On time: Full credit – Before solutions: 70% credit – After solutions: 20% credit

• Homework/exams will be submitted via Gradescope

* Team Grades

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A Word about Homework Grading• Homework is graded via a discrete filter

– ✓ for homework problems which are essentially correct (10 pts)

– ✓- for homework with significant problems (7 pts) – ✓-- for homework with major problems (4 pts) – ✓+ for homework demonstrating extra effort (12 pts) – 0 for missing homework

• A detailed solution document is posted for each problem after the due date, which you should review to ensure you understand the techniques used

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Selection of Class Projects• Criteria - needs to be

– a significant engineering challenge – of relevance to the current or future space programs – requiring the use of tools from 483 and prior classes – and of appropriate scope for this class.

• Preferable to be appropriate for entry into design competitions – External sets of requirements and deadlines – Fidelity to experience in your careers – Competition as motivation

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ENAE 484 Spring Projects• ENAE 484 will be split into four(?) sections,

working on separate design topics • Currently considering a list of potential projects

that will be reduced to the four that will form the focus for 484

• Considering different approaches to starting 484 projects this term

• Will incorporate formal Preliminary Design Review (PDR) and Critical Design Review (CDR) with inputs from professionals in the field

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Current 484 Project Possibilities• Outfitting of an Inflatable Habitat (X-Hab) • Portable Utility Pallet (RASC-AL) • Suitport Logistics Carrier (RASC-AL) • Martian Moon Exploration Excursion Vehicle

(AIAA) • Feasibility of Near-Term Space Settlements

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Design and Outfitting Inflatable Habs

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http://www.russianspaceweb.com/transhab.html

• Sponsored by NASA • Issue is how to convert

empty volume after inflation into habitable volume

• Strong experimental component - human and robotic ops, underwater testing for micro-g or lunar/Mars gravities

http://russianspaceweb.com



Portable Utility Pallet• RASC-AL design competition theme 2022 • <2000 kg package delivered to moon and

transportable (trailer? self-mobile?) for use • Launch volume <2 m x 2 m x 2 m • >125 kWhrs of energy storage • >50 Mbps of communications to Lunar Gateway • Usable anywhere on the Moon • 2022 RASC-AL emphasizes hardware development

(full-scale mockup? field testing with SSL spacesuits and/or robots? underwater testing of operations at simulated lunar gravity?)

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Suitport Logistics Carrier• RASC-AL Design Competition

theme 2022 • Transfer pressurized cargo to

habitats and rovers • Maintain pressure, temperature

while awaiting use • 2022 RASC-AL emphasizes

hardware development (full- scale mockup? field testing with SSL spacesuits and/or robots? underwater testing of operations at simulated lunar gravity?)

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RASC-AL Competition• Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concept –

Academic Linkage (http://rascal.nianet.org) • Sponsored by advanced programs office at NASA

Langley Research Center • Up to 14 universities performing systems analysis

on topics selected by NASA • Competition in Cocoa Beach, FL in June selects

best projects - awards trips to AIAA conferences • Past competition has included MIT, Ga Tech,

Michigan, Va Tech, USC, Penn State, WVU… • Record in 19 years:

9 Best in Theme, 7 Second Place, 8 First Place

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http://rascal.nianet.org



RASC-AL 2022 Emphasis on Demos

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Teams selected as finalists for the 2022 RASC-AL Competition are highly encouraged to develop a prototype of part or all of their concept to demonstrate its key functions. Examples of a demonstration could include an advanced virtual reality simulation or a physical prototype of part or all of the concept. The prototype’s functions should be demonstrated within the team’s final presentation and potentially during the poster session at the RASC-AL Forum, either via video or by bringing the prototype to the Forum.Bonus Points: Teams who develop and showcase a prototype during the 2022 RASC-AL Forum may be awarded up to 10 bonus points (added to their final score) for their prototype quality and technical demonstration. See the Final Evaluation Scoring Criteria for more information.

http://rascal.nianet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022-RASC-AL-Proposal-and-Final-Scoring-Matrices-7.23.21.pdf

http://rascal.nianet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022-RASC-AL-Proposal-and-Final-Scoring-Matrices-7.23.21.pdf



Martian Moon Exploration Vehicle• AIAA 2022 Space Design Competition • System to allow two crew to explore Phobos/

Deimos in 30-day mission • Collect 200 kg of samples without EVA • Design trajectories, operations • Total cost <$1B, including launch • Limited to 10 students (all AIAA members) • Details at https://www.aiaa.org/docs/default-source/uploadedfiles/education-and-careers/university-students/

design-competitions/undergraduate-team-space-design-2021-2022-aiaa-design-competition.pdf?sfvrsn=b274b5d8_0

(just Google it)

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Near-Term Space Settlements• SpaceX Starship may reduce the cost to low

Earth orbit to ~$50-100/kg • Concepts of space settlements (thousands of

people) date back to early 1900’s, popularized by Gerard O’Neill in 1970’s

• Design a space habitat that can support 1000 people in orbit launched by Starship (150 mt/launch) including on-orbit assembly and transportation to final orbital location

• Not part of any competition or program

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MIT Space Colony Design (1976)

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Preparation for ENAE 484• Before the end of this term, you will be sorted

into your project teams and into one of six technical specialties (matrix organization) – Systems Integration (SI) – Mission Planning and Analysis (MPA) – Crew Systems (CS) – Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms (LSM) – Power, Propulsion, and Thermal (PPT) – Avionics, Flight Software, and Simulation (AFSS)

• Sorting is based on your preferences (but no promises!)

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2018 Poster Presentation

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End Goal: RASC-AL Competition

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Team Project 1 – ENAE 483/788D• You will be assigned to teams of ~5 students • The assignment is to prepare a technical

presentation detailing a human spacecraft and its launch vehicle

• The submission will be in the form of a Powerpoint slide package with technical details, exterior and interior views of the crew cabin, dimensioned three-view, and a “beauty shot” (high-resolution rendered image)

• ALL images must be produced by the team - no externally-sourced images are allowed!

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Design/Build/Test/Evaluate• Hardware design, fabrication, and testing can be

a valuable part of the 483/484 capstone projects • A requirement for this term is to figure out

exactly what you’re building next term • Choice is based on

– Getting design data unobtainable by analysis (e.g., examine human mobility in low gravity)

– Enabling meaningful mission simulations – Providing value for competitions

• Leverage the facilities and infrastructure of SSL

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Sample Hardware – Display Models

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Sample Hardware: Working Models

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Sample Hardware: Full-Scale

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Hardware Synergy: Space Systems

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Hardware Development - Spring 2019

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X-Hab 2019 - Inflatable Airlock @ JSC

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Experimental Studies in ENAE 483/4• Traditionally, experimental studies are second-

term (484) activities • Would be ideal if experimental results were in

time to affect 484 design efforts (before PDR in early March)

• Generally get results after CDR (late April) • Intent to put significant effort into design and

(potentially) construction of experimental hardware to ensure results are in time to improve 484 design

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A Word about CAD• Computer-aided design is an important tool for all

engineering, and an essential tool for a designer - You need to know CAD for your career!

• The best way to learn CAD is to use it - a lot! • In a project team of this size everyone must use

the same system - our focus will be on the use of Siemens NX

• We may also/instead use Fusion 360 – Free, works on PCs and Macs – More likely if we have to go remote

• “Resistance is futile”

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Some Thoughts on Teamwork• Your entire career will be spent doing

engineering in teams • You have had team experiences before (e.g.,

ENAE 100, ENES 100) • This is intended to be as close as possible to your

professional experience, except for a flat organizational structure (i.e., you can’t fire anyone)

• Nothing can guarantee the success of a team - but a lot of things will guarantee its failure

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Some Thoughts on Professionalism• In this class, like life, you won’t like everyone

you interact with • Nevertheless, you owe everybody respect and

support where necessary • Hopefully it’s not necessary to say it, but there

will be zero tolerance for discrimination on the basis of gender/race/nationality/sexual orientation/etc.

• You also owe your team(s) your best effort and dedication to the project(s)

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Closing Comments• Focus on numerical analysis and systems

engineering → this is not “hardware-bashing” • Look for your own design solutions → this is

also not “catalog shopping” • Approach everything rigorously with numbers →

this is also also not “adjective engineering” • Manage scope and risk along with cost, mass,

and other design parameters • Be innovative, while remaining real • What you get out of the process is directly

proportional to what you put in

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Engineering is done with numbers. Analysis without numbers is only an opinion.

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Today’s Assignments• Go to https://ter.ps/483F21L01 and take the short survey

about the class and today’s lecture • Go to the RASC-AL web site (http://rascal.nianet.org)

and get familiar with the material there, particularly the descriptions of the themes and the information on their assessment criteria

• Watch the posted video clip on the design of the Apollo Lunar Module from the episode “Spider” of the HBO mini-series “From the Earth to the Moon”

• Do the rest of the assignment linked at the bottom of the Lecture #01 splash page.

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Not having all the information you need is never a satisfactory excuse for not starting the analysis.

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course syllabus/design project

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