cover art wing profiles are, top to bottom

Cover art wing profiles are, top to bottom:

Clark YJoukovski 11Gottingen 628Eppler 793Naca 0012RAE 104SC 20406NLF 015Whitcomb

Parametric Airfoil Catalog, Part IAn Aerodynamic and Geometric Comparison Between Parametrized and Point Cloud AirfoilsTomas Melin

Copyright c©2013, Tomas Melin

Published by:Fluid and Mechatronic Systems,Department of Management and Engineering,The Institute of Technology,Linkoping University,Linkoping, Sweden

Visit our website at www.iei.liu.se

Printed by:Linkoping UniversityLiU-Tryck581 83 LinkopingSWEDEN

Typeset in LATEX

ISBN: 978-91-7519-656-5First Edition, March 2013

Parametric Airfoil Catalog

Part IArcher A18 to Gottingen 655

An Aerodynamic and Geometric Comparison Between Parametrized and Point Cloud Airfoils.

Tomas Melin

Research AssociateFluid and Mechatronic Systems,

Department of Management and Engineering,The Institute of Technology,

Linkoping University,Linkoping, Sweden

Contents

1 Acknowledgements 1

2 Introduction 1

3 Background 1

4 Method 24.1 Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 Parameterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 Base change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 Reproducing known airfoils . . . . . . . . 4

5 Discussion 5

6 Software 6

7 Airfoil Catalog 6a18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7a18sm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8a63a108c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9ag03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10ag04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11ag09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13ag10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14ag11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15ag12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16ag13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17ag14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18ag16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19ag17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ag18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21ag19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22ag24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23ag25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24ag26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25ag27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26ag35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27ag36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28ag37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29ag38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30ag44ct02r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31ag45c03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32ag45ct02r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33ag46c03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34ag46ct02r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35ag47c03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36ag47ct02r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37ag455ct02r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38ah21-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39ah21-9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40ah63k127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41ah79k132 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42ah79k135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43ah85l120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44ah93w145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45ah93w174 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46ah93w215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47ah93w257 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48ah6407 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

ah7476 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50ah79100a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51ah79100b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52ah79100c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53ah80129 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54ah80136 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55ah80140 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56ah82150a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57ah82150f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58ah83150q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59ah83159 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60ah93156 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61ah93157 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62ah94145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63ah94156 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64ah95160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65ames01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66ames02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67ames03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68amsoil1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69amsoil2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70aquilasm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71arad6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72arad10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73arad20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74as5045 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75as5046 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76as5048 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77atr72sm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78avistar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79b29root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80b29tip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81b707e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82b737a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83b737b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84b737d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85bacj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86bacxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87be50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88boe106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89bqm34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90c5a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91c5b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92c5c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93c141a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94c141b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95c141c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96c141d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97c141e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98c141f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99cast102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100clarkk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101clarkv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102clarkx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103clarky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104clarkyh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105clarkysm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106clarkz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107clarym15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108clarym18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

3

cootie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110cr001sm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111curtisc72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112dae11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113dae21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114dae31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115dae51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116davis-corrected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118daytonwright6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119defcnd1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120defcnd2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121defcnd3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122df101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123dillner2032c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124doa5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125du8608418 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126e66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127e67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128e168 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129e169 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130e171 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131e174 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132e176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133e178 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134e180 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135e182 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136e184 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137e186 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138e193 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139e195 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140e197 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141e201 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142e203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143e205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144e207 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145e209 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146e210 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147e211 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148e212 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149e214 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150e216 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151e220 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152e221 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153e222 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154e224 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155e226 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156e228 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157e230 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158e231 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159e326 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160e327 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161e331 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162e332 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163e334 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164e335 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165e336 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166e337 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167e338 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168e340 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

e341 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170e342 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171e343 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172e360 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173e361 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174e374 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175e385 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176e387 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177e392 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178e393 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179e395 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180e396 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181e397 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182e399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183e403 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184e417 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185e422 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186e426 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187e428 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188e431 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189e432 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190e433 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191e434 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192e435 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193e471 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194e472 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195e473 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196e474 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197e475 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198e476 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199e477 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200e478 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201e479 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202e502 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203e542 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204e543 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205e544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206e545 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207e546 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208e548 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209e550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210e552 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211e554 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212e556 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213e557 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214e558 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215e559 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216e560 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217e561 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218e562 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219e580 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220e583 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221e584 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222e587 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223e591 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224e593 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225e598 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226e603 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227e604 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228e625 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

e635 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230e636 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231e637 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232e638 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233e639 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234e642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235e654 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236e655 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237e656 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238e657 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239e662 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240e664 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241e668 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242e682 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243e694 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244e715 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245e748 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246e793 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247e817 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248e836 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249e837 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250e838 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251e851 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252e852 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253e853 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254e854 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255e856 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256e857 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257e874 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258e1098 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259e1200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260e1210 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261e1211 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262e1212 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263e1212mod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264e1213 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265e1214 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266e1230 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267e1233 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268ea61012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269eh0009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270eh1070 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271eh1090 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272eh1590 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273eh2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274eh2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275eiffel385 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276eiffel428 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277eppler793 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278falcon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279fg2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280fg3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281fg4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282fx2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283fx08s176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284fx66a175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285fx78k140 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286fx83w160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287fx83w227 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288fx84w097 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

fx84w127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290fx84w140 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291fx84w150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292fx84w175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293fx84w218 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294fx05188 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295fx05191 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296fx60100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297fx60100sm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298fx60126 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299fx60157 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300fx60160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301fx60177 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302fx61140 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303fx61147 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304fx601261 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305fx711530 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306fxl142k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307fxm2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308fxs03182 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309fxs21158 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310giiia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311giiib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312giiic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313giiid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314giiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315giiif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316giiig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317giiih . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318giiii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319giiij . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320giiik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321giiil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322gm15sm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323goe07k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324goe08k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325goe11k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326goe14k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327goe15k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328goe16k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329goe29b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330goe54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331goe55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332goe57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333goe79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334goe81 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335goe92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336goe114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337goe115 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338goe116 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339goe117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340goe118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341goe121 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342goe122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343goe123 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344goe124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345goe134 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346goe137 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347goe140 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348goe142 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

goe143 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350goe144 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351goe147 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352goe155 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353goe164 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354goe165 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355goe167 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356goe173 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357goe174 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358goe176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359goe177 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360goe178 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361goe180 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362goe182 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363goe184 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364goe190 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365goe195 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366goe199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367goe210 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368goe217 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369goe222 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370goe223 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371goe225 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372goe226 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373goe227 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374goe229 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375goe233 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376goe234 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377goe239 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378goe240 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379goe242 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380goe255 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381goe256 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382goe257 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383goe264 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384goe265 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385goe269 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386goe276 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387goe277 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388goe278 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389goe279 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390goe280 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391goe281 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392goe282 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393goe284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394goe285 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395goe286 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396goe287 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397goe288 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398goe289 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399goe290 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400goe298 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401goe300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402goe301 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403goe303 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404goe304 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405goe320 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406goe325 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407goe326 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408goe328 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

goe329 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410goe331 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411goe332 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412goe335 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413goe342 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414goe346 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415goe358 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416goe359 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417goe360 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418goe361 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419goe362 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420goe363 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421goe364 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422goe365 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423goe366 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424goe367 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425goe368 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426goe369 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427goe371 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428goe372 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429goe373 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430goe374 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431goe381 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432goe383 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433goe385 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434goe387 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435goe389 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436goe392 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437goe393 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438goe394 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439goe395 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440goe396 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441goe397 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442goe398 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443goe399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444goe400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445goe402 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446goe403 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447goe405 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448goe409 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449goe410 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450goe411 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451goe413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452goe414 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453goe416a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454goe417 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455goe418 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456goe419 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457goe420 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458goe423 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459goe424 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460goe425 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461goe426 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462goe427 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463goe428 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464goe430 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465goe431 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466goe432 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467goe433 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468goe436 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

goe437 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470goe438 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471goe439 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472goe442 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473goe445 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474goe446 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475goe447 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476goe449 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477goe450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478goe456 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479goe457 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480goe458 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481goe459 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482goe460 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483goe464 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484goe477 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485goe478 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486goe479 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487goe480 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488goe481a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489goe483 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490goe484 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491goe492 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492goe493 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493goe494 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494goe495 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495goe496 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496goe497 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497goe498 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498goe499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499goe500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500goe501 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501goe502 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502goe504 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503goe506 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504goe508 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505goe517 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506goe526 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507goe527 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508goe528 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509goe529 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510goe532 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511goe533 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512goe534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513goe535 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514goe546 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515goe547 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516goe548 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517goe549 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518goe550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519goe553 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520goe559 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521goe563 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522goe564 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523goe565 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524goe567 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525goe575 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526goe584 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527goe591 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528goe592 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

goe595 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530goe596 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531goe598 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532goe599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533goe600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534goe601 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535goe602 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536goe602m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537goe604 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538goe610bm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539goe611 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540goe613 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541goe615 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542goe617 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543goe619 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544goe620 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545goe621 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546goe622 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547goe623 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548goe624 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549goe626 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550goe627 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551goe628 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552goe629 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553goe630 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554goe645 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555goe646 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556goe647 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557goe648 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558goe650 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559goe654 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560goe655 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

1 Acknowledgements

This collection of parametrized airfoils would not havebeen possible without the prior work of several indi-viduals. Many thanks goes to Prof. Michael Selig atUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for supply-ing the original point cloud airfoil database on whichthis work is based. All my appreciation to Brenda Kul-fan from Boeing for her inspiring work on class function/ shape function transformation technique. My warmthanks tho the research team at Linkoping University:Anton Jonzen, Chetan Nangunoori, Jacob Bjarkmar, Jo-han Karlen, Svante Lothgren and Vijaykumar Govin-darajan.

The author also wishes to thank the sponsors: VIN-NOVA and the industrial partner Saab AB for theirfunding through Nationella Flygtekniska Frsksprogram-met, NFFP5.

2 Introduction

This book is intended to serve as a reference for students,engineers and researchers requiring a parametrized air-foil that can model existing airfoils well as providinga significant design space for optimisation. The pro-posed method covers at least one thousand of the knownprofiles used in aeronautics today, while enabling manymore. The method uses 15 parameters defining a wingprofile. This way many existing airfoils can be mod-elled with close tolerance. In the following volumes,the parametrized airfoils are compared with the origi-nal point cloud data. The comparison is made for ge-ometrical and aerodynamic similarity, but is should benoted that the point clouds used may in some instancesnot be representative for the original airfoil due to roundoff errors, discretisation error and other other unknownerrors. The parametrisation is intended for two dimen-sional airfoils but the method can easily be extended toa three dimensional wing.

The coordinate resolution becomes infinite and point dis-tribution becomes a non-issue by employing a functionalparametric description with built-in smoothing and in-terpolation. In order to facilitate this, some basic as-sumptions regarding the shape of an airfoil are made:The airfoil is assumed to have one distinct top and bot-tom point, the chord line has a length of exactly one,forming the x-axis of the profile, the trailing edge is as-sumed to be either sharp, i.e. with a y-coordinate of zerofor both top and bottom sides, or blunt with the y coor-dinates of the top and bottom trailing edges being sym-metric around the chord line. These assumptions meansthat a lot of historical airfoils needed to be preprocessedbefore they could be parametrized. Preprocessing usu-ally involved rotating the coordinate cloud to form anx-axis from the nose to the trailing edge, scaling to setthe length of the airfoil to exactly unity and finally trun-

cating the trailing edge to make sure that the upper andlower sides both ended at x=1.

3 Background

A fundamental part of aircraft design involves wing air-foil optimization, establishing an outer shape of the wingwhich has good aerodynamic performance for the designmission, good internal volume distribution for fuel andsystems and which also serves as an efficient structuralmember supporting the load of the weight of the air-craft. The underlying idea with this parametrization isto couple an appropriate number of parameters, balanc-ing the need of geometric accuracy with the necessity offew airfoil parameters in order to facilitate en expedientoptimisation, with the intrinsic value of having param-eters that makes sense for a human; such as thickness,camber and trailing edge thickness. Several approachesto parametrization of wing profiles can be found in theliterature.

Airfoils can be described by point clouds as done in mostairfoil libraries [1]. The number of parameters is twiceas large as the number of points used (x and y coordi-nates) and in the case of aerodynamic optimization thisparametrization will most certainly be not well behaved,since no smoothing function is included and must there-fore be employed. Other problems may arise for the factthat the airfoils sometimes are defined with too few co-ordinate points and/or too few decimals, a problem oc-curring especially with old airfoils. On the other hand,the design space that this kind of parametrization allowsrepresenting is extremely large, as any and all shapes canbe reproduced, even degenerate ones.

Airfoils can also be represented by mathematical func-tions. Among the most common representatives of thiscategory are indeed the NACA 4-, 5- and 6-digits for-mulations [2] [3]. Compared to point clouds, they couldbe said to represent the opposite case: they are verywell behaving parametrizations, but they cannot cover avery large design space, since they only provide four tosix parameters respectively to be tuned. The NACA 4digit series is particularly interesting as the parametersare a part of the name of the airfoil. In the case of the5- and 6 digit series, the name is instead constructedfrom the airfoils aerodynamic characteristic and geome-try. Another known set of theoretically defined airfoilsare the Joukowski profiles [4]. Using the conformal map-ping method, airfoils with a round nose and sharp trail-ing edge can be represented. Sadly the method is not torecommend for trying to match known airfoils and thedesign space it describes is quite confined to airfoils withoften poor performances.

More recently a very interesting and powerful represen-tation method, the class function/shape function’ trans-formation CST method was presented by Kulfan[5]. Themethod is based on simple well behaved mathematical

1

functions that allow for increasing the number of pa-rameters at will. Also the formulation is not restrictedto round nose and sharp trailing edge profiles, but candescribe almost any shape.

4 Method

4.1 Model

The envelope of the airfoil is described by a set of para-metric Bezier curves, which are closely related to Bern-stein polynomials. The equation for an n-dimensionalcubic Bezier curve is shown in equation 1. The cubicBezier curve requires the four control points, P0 to P3

in order to be defined. The points P0 to P2 span thefirst control vector, and P2 to P3 span the second con-trol vector, as shown in figure 1. The Bezier is tangentialto the control vectors at the start and endpoints of thecurve. This behaviour will ensure that the leading edgeis tangential with the z-axis and that the curve at toppoint of the airfoil is tangential with the x-axis. The air-

Figure 1: Generic cubic Bezier curve with the four con-trol points P0 to P3 marked. The Bezier is tangentialto the control vectors at the start and endpoints of thecurve.

foil’s top and bottom curves are modelled individuallyby two cubic Bezier curves in parametric form being C1continuous at the defined top and bottom points, as wellas the leading edge. C1 continuity was selected over C2continuity in order to allow curve fitting with many olderairfoils which only exhibit C1 continuity.

B = (1− t)3P0 + 3t(1− t)2P1 + 3t2(1− t)P2 + t3P3 (1)

When modelling modern profiles, the proposed methoddoes allow C2 continuity as well. Figure 2 gives an ex-ample of a transonic wing airfoil, the Lockheed C-5ABL576, and show the outer envelope and the Beziercontrol points and control vectors. The control pointsare numbered clockwise from the bottom side trailingedge. The method of representing an airfoil is straight-forward. For a generic envelope built up by four cu-bic Bezier curves, 13 control points are needed to define

Figure 2: Parametrized transonic wing airfoil withBezier control points and control vectors, and the num-bering of the control points.

the curve, giving 26 variables when both x and y co-ordinates are taken into account. However when somesymmetries and simplifications valid for wing profiles aretaken into account the number of independent parame-ters are reduced to 14. Control point 1 and 13 alwayshave the same x-coordinate, one, and the same absolutevalue of their y-coordinate is also equal as their average,the camber line, must be on the x-axis at the trailingedge. Control points 3,4 and 5 on the bottom side havethe same y-coordinate. The same goes for the top sidecontrol points 9, 10 and 11. The leading edge points 6,7and 8 all have an x-coordinate of zero. Table 1 show thedependent parameters for the control points.

Table 1: Coordinate dependency for the control points.Some always take the value one or zero, while others(a,b,c) always shares the same numerical while (xn yn )are allowed any value.

CoordinatePoint nr. X Y

1 1 a2 x2 y23 x3 b4 x4 b5 x5 b6 0 y67 0 08 0 y89 x9 c

10 x10 c11 x11 c12 x12 y1213 1 −a

The control points for each of the investigated airfoilsare available in this tabulated form in the results sectionof this book.

4.2 Parameterization

Handling the control point coordinates directly whenspecifying an airfoil is not user friendly. The coordi-nates themselves have no obvious relation to shape ofthe airfoil when reviewed alone and the possible rangeof the coordinate values exceed the allowed range fornon-degenerate airfoils. To alleviate this concern, and

2

to reduce the number of free parameters, the followingparameter transformations are done:

The lengths of the control vectors are limited to preventdegenerate cases. For example the upper leading edgecontrol vector needs to be shorter than the distance be-tween the top point and the chord line to prevent leadingedge overshoot. Figure 3 shows the bounding box lim-iting the range of the control vectors. None of the con-trol points are allowed outside of this box, furthermorethe trailing edge control vectors, governed by the twocontrol points nr.2 and nr.12 may never reach furtherforward than points nr.3 and nr.11 respectively. -Shownby the limit lines L1 and L2 in figure 3. Thickness: The

Figure 3: Bounding box of the control vectors, togetherwith the trailing edge vectors forward limits L1 and L2.

x and y coordinates of the top and bottom points (nr.4 and nr.10) are kept as is and named upper thicknessand upper thickness position and similarly for the lowerside. The upper height is parametrized as a factor k4times the maximum allowed upper thickness, 0.15, ac-cording to equation 2. As the lower side is treated in thesame way, this means that the maximum thickness al-lowed with this parametrization is 30% of the chord. Thedifference between the upper and lower thickness thenbecomes the ram thickness. The ram thickness equalsthe airfoil thickness in case the thickness positions areequals. If the upper and lower thickness positions arenot equal, the ram thickness will be slightly larger thanthe traditional airfoil thickness.

y9,10,11 = hu = k5 · 0.15 (2)

Control vectors: The upper leading edge control vec-tor spanned by its start point, the leading edge at [0 0]which is point nr.7, and point nr.8. The length of thisvector is defined as a fraction k1 of the upper thicknesshu, according to equation 3 The constant k1 is then onlyallowed to be in the range [0..1], see figure 4. This en-sures that the part of the profile going from the leadingedge to the top point does not overshoot the top pointsy value.

y8 = k1 · hu (3)

The top side of the airfoil is controlled by three param-eters, shown in figure 5. The top point position Pu isin itself a fraction of the chord length and need not tobe parametrized further, is renamed k3. The two frac-tions k2 and k4 control the lengths of the forward andaft control vectors. The control vector going from thetop point towards the leading edge, i.e. between points

Figure 4: Definition of the leading edge control vectorparameters.

nr.10 to nr.9 has its length limited to a fraction, k2, of thetop point position in the same way in order to preventan overshoot of the profile into negative x-coordinates.Likewise the control vector defined by points 10 to 11,the top to TE vector is a fraction k4 of the length be-tween the upper thickness position (nr.10) and the trail-ing edge (x=1). The trailing edge is defined by five pa-

Figure 5: Definition of the top side control vector pa-rameters.

rameters, some shown in figure 6. The trailing edge gapg, is the distance between the upper and lower side ofthe airfoil at the trailing edge. It is parametrized accord-ing to equation 4, where Gmax is the maximum allowedtrailing edge gap of 5% of the chord.

g = k15 ·Gmax (4)

The release angle α, which is the angle between the cam-ber line tangent and the chord line at the trailing edge,is parametrized similarly according to equation 5. Therelease angle is a fraction k14 times the maximum al-lowed release angle αmax of 0.35 radians ( about 20◦ ).Is should be noted that the release angle may take onboth positive and negative values.

α = k14 · αmax (5)

The boat tail angle β, which is the angle between tan-gents of the upper and lower sides of the airfoil at thetrailing edge is defined in equation 6. It is treated in asimilar way to the release angle. The boat tail angle β isa factor k13 times the maximum allowed boat tail angleβmax of 1 radian ( about 57◦ ).

β = k13 · βmax (6)

Figure 6: Definition of the top side control vector pa-rameters.

3

The length of the upper and lower side trailing edge con-trol vectors together with the trailing edge gap, the boattail angle and the release angle determines the positionof control points nr. 2 and nr. 12. These lengths are arealso parametrized according to equation 7. The lengthof the upper vector, V , is a fraction k11 of the maximumallowed length Vmax. The maximum allowed length is inturn dependent on the bounding box of the airfoil andthe position of the forward limit L1 set by the x-positionof control point nr. 11.

V = k11,12 · Vmax (7)

The parameters of the lower side of the airfoil are de-fined in the same manner as the upper side parameters,numbering the parameters in the same way from 6 to 10.

With the five parameters defining the trailing edge, thenumber of parameters are now reduced to 15. See table2. By the limits of the fractions many degenerate airfoilsare now hard to impossible to generate. By using thechord length as normalizing agent, the parameters arealso dimensionless and fully scalable.

Table 2: Parameter names and order.

Name Parameter Range

Upper sideUpper nose fraction k1 [0..1]Upper forward fraction k2 [0..1]Upper thickness position k3 [0..1]Upper rearward fraction k4 [0..1]Upper thickness k5 [0..1]

Lower sideLower nose fraction k6 [0..1]Lower forward fraction k7 [0..1]Lower thickness position k8 [0..1]Lower rearward fraction k8 [0..1]Lower thickness k10 [0..1]

Trailing edgeUpper length fraction k11 [0..1]Lower length fraction k12 [0..1]Boat tail angle fraction k13 [0..1]Release angle fraction k10 [0..1]Trailing edge gap fraction k10 [0..1]

4.3 Base change

By listing the parameters k1 to k15 when rounded ofto the nearest tenth, a 15 digit number could be usedto present a large set of airfoils. This approach wouldhowever introduce large round off errors which wouldmake the process of modelling known airfoils trouble-some. This is alleviated by changing the base from base10 to base 64. With base 64 the resolution increases

from 10% to 1.6% for each parameter value. Some mod-ification to the new base numbering has to be made asboth zero and one needs to be modelled, and any doubledigit parameter is disallowed. The encoding follows theRFC3548 [6]. The series [0, 1, 2, .., 25, 26, ..., 51, 52, ...63]maps to [A,B,C, .., Z, a, ..., z, 0, ... ]. By rounding thebase 10 multi-decimal parameter towards the closest63:rd as shown in table 3, a reasonable accurate valuecan be stored in a single digit. With this system an air-

Table 3: Base change example.

Parameter 63:rds base 64 error

k1 = 0 0 A 0 %k2 = 0.3333 21 V 0 %k3 = 0.5 32 g 1.6 %k4 = 0.7 44 s -0.3 %k5 = 1 63 0 %

foil with know parameters k1 to k15 can be expressed asa single string. For example will the Naca747a415 profileshown in figure 6 be represented as the string shown intable 4

Table 4: Base 64 representation:

ggaQszVsoTL8DeA

4.4 Reproducing known airfoils

In many design cases it will not be appropriate to startwith a generic airfoil for design optimization. Instead,by employing a known airfoil, whether it is a Clark-Y,NACA0012 or any other known airfoil there is a needof having the traditional airfoil shape expressed in theproposed parameters. Modelling known airfoils requireslightly more work than creating new airfoils.

When fitting known wing profiles to the parametrization,the input data are sometimes in poor condition and inneed of preprocessing. The point cloud must have itsleading edge at [0 0] and the trailing edge cord have toend at [1 0], if the profile has a trailing edge gap, thisshould be symmetrically distributed around the [1 0]. Ifthis is not the case som geometrical rotation, transla-tion and scaling will have to be employed. This meansthat some aerodynamic properties such has zero lift an-gle and stall angle of attack will shift when comparingthe parametrized airfoil with external aero data.

One example of a wing profile that needs preprocessing isthe Clark-Y profile, an older propeller profile today usedfrequently amongst model aircraft builders for its easeof manufacture rather than aerodynamic performance.The coordinate data for the Clark-Y profile, as presented

4

in some databases [7] has the lower side flank parallel tothe x-axis, rather than letting the chord line define thex-axis.

A starting guess of parameters were created by evaluat-ing the profile radius at the leading edge, top and bot-tom, at the upper maximum y- position and at the lowerminimum y-position. Together with the trailing edgegap and the slope of the upper and lower sides of theairfoil at the trailing edge. The radius at these pointsare computed with a three point circle algorithm fromwhich the length of the control vectors can be computedaccording to equation 8, where a is the outgoing controlvector length and h the perpendicular distance to thenext control point as shown in figure 7.

1

r=

2h

3a3(8)

Figure 7: Definition radius parameters.

With the obtained starting guess, a standard optimiza-tion is run in MATLAB to fit the parameter curve to thecorresponding point cloud. The mathematical methodused is the built-in fsolve method, which in this caseutilizes the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The run isset to minimize the root mean square error of the verti-cal position of the coordinate points between parameterpoints and point cloud.

The optimization is nested in two layers in order to treatthe parameter nature of the Bezier curve. The outer loopsolves for the control parameters governing the curvesegment in question and an inner loop solving for thecurvilinear position parameter vector t, with respect tothe x coordinate. As the original data points may haveany distribution along the x-axis, it cannot be assumedthat the t vector in equation 1 is evenly distributed.

The optimization results is evaluated both from a geo-metrical point of view, were the error of vertical positionof each point is plotted for the profile. The average RMSerror for the profile is a general quality control. The av-erage RMS error was usually in the order of 10−4, ne-cessitating the use of the unit error counts (ects), where1 ects = 10−4. Similarly, the curvature and error incurvature between were evaluated Notably many of theavailable airfoils had very noisy curvature distributions,making an error plot of curvature fitting interesting butnot a good indicator to whether the parametric inter-polation was good or bad. Instead, as long as a good

scatter is found any offset bias or systematic error canbe assumed to be small.

To further investigate the correlation between the orig-inal data point cloud and the parametric wing pro-file, an aerodynamic study was performed utilizing thepanel method XFOIL [8]. The original airfoil and theparametrized airfoil were both subjected to a CL sweepranging from −0.3 to 1 at a Reynolds number of 6 · 106.The drag and moment coefficients were evaluated, as wellas the boundary layer transition point for both profiles.

The proposed parametrization method was tested on aset of over 1100 different airfoils. Results for these pro-files are presented in this report, in the catalog section.For each of the investigated airfoils the reported curva-ture distribution graph is truncated at the leading edgein order to give a better scale of the results for the rest ofthe profile. Each profile is reported on a separate pageconsisting of the following sections

• Full name, if one is available

• Data source, usually the UIUC [1] database, butalso NACA or other sources.

• A geometry plot, showing both a scaled up y-axiswith camber and thickness, as well as an axis equalprofile plot.

• A geometrical data table containing maximumthickness, maximum thickness position etc...

• Coordinates of the Bezier curve control points.

• Base 64 parametrized airfoil name

• A table showing the average errors in position, cur-vature as well as errors in drag- and pitching mo-ment coefficient and transition point position forcontrol point and parameter curves at a standardCL of 0.3

• A graph showing the position and curvature errorover the entire profile.

• A figure showing the error in drag- and pitchingmoment coefficient as well as the error in transitionpoint position for a range of lift coefficients.

5 Discussion

The conducted aerodynamic study covers only someaerodynamic phenomena in the linear domain of lowspeed flight. For a more thorough comparison higer or-der effects needs to be modelled. Notably stall angle ofattack and post-stall behaviour, which cannot be cap-tured well with XFOIL. Likewise High speed shock for-mation similarities and drag rise needs to be assessedbefore this parametric wing profile description can besaid to model the point cloud airfoils in every aspect.

5

The method as described does not require C2 continuityat the top and bottom points. Adding this constraintto the method will reduce the number of free parame-ters with two, and also give a more traditional curvaturecontinuity. However, the geometrical fitting of knownairfoils would suffer in having a higher geometrical er-ror. For most known airfoils tested, the optimized cur-vature is indeed discontinuous, but with a very smallstep. This discontinuity does not appear to have a sig-nificant impact on the aerodynamic performance of theparametrized airfoil.

Some of the airfoils in the catalog have an improper setof control points. In the numerical optimisation usedto compute the control points, some profiles got a zerolength control vector at the trailing edge. While thegeometric representation using the control points works,as well as creating the base 64 string, creating controlpoints from the BM64 string will not work. The zero-length control vector destroys the information about itsorientation.

6 Software

MATLAB code needed for evaluating the airfoils in thedatabase, as well as an electronic version of the databasewill be available at:

Linkoping University:http://www.iei.liu.se/flumes/aircraft-design/

software

and at Redhammer Consulting:http://www.redhammer.se/software

References

[1] Michael Selig, UIUC Airfoil CoordinatesDatabase, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Dept of Aerospace Engineering,Urbana, Illinois, http://www.ae.illinois.edu/m-selig/ads/coord database.html, webpage retrieved2012-01-01

[2] E. N. Jacobs, K. E. Ward, & R. M. Pinkerton Thecharacteristics of 78 related airfoil sections from testsin the variable-density wind tunnel, NACA ReportNo. 460,1933

[3] P. Marzocca. The NACA airfoil series, Clarkson Uni-versity, Retrieved 07-03-2009.

[4] R. Von Mises, Theory of Flight, Dover PublicationsInc., New York, 1959

[5] B. Kulfan, Universal Parametric Geometry Repre-sentation Method, AIAA Journal of Aircraft, vol.45no.1, pp.142-158, 2008

[6] S. Josefsson, Ed., The Base16, Base32, and Base64Data Encodings, Request for Comments: 3548, Net-work Working Group, The Internet Society, 2003.

[7] Louden, F A , Collection of wind-tunnel dataon commonly used wing sections, NACA-TR-331,93R20691,1930

[8] Drela, M, XFOIL - An analysis and design systemfor low Reynolds number airfoils, Proceedings of theConference, Notre Dame, Germany; 5-7 June 1989.pp. 1-12. 1989.

7 Airfoil Catalog

.

6

Profile: a18

Information: Archer A18 F1C free flight airfoil(original)Reference: UIUC

Figure 8: Wing profile with camber and thickness dis-tribution.

Table 5: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 7.3716 % @0.26CMaximum Camber: 3.8388 % @0.49CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.6139 %CUpper nose radius: 0.87604 %CLower nose radius: Inf %CBoat-Tail Angle: 8.305 degRelease Angle: 8.7462 degNose Incidence: 5.1754 degCamber deflection: 13.9216 deg

Table 6: Controlpoints1 -0.00306950.51761 0.0356890.22225 -0.0174790.075281 -0.0174790 -0.0174790 -0.00279670 00 0.0345950.20492 0.0714540.34893 0.0714540.52472 0.0714540.74869 0.0606221 0.0030695

Table 7: Base 64 representation:faWReK FKH1nJtP

Table 8: Representation errors CL = 0.3, Re = 6 · 106

Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.139 4.145 ectsRMS curvature error: 82.32 81.84 %CD error -6 -6.3 dctsCm error -4 16 mctsUpper transition point 16.75 16.76 %

Figure 9: Error distribution of vertical position andcurvature of the parameter curve.

Figure 10: Error distribution of drag- and pitching mo-ment, as well as the error of top and bottom transitionpoints.

7

Profile: a18sm

Information: Archer A18 F1C free flight airfoil (smoothed)Reference: UIUC


Table 9: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 7.3004 % @0.26CMaximum Camber: 3.8292 % @0.48CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.6139 %CUpper nose radius: 0.80441 %CLower nose radius: 0.7243 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 8.6557 degRelease Angle: 8.7335 degNose Incidence: 4.6017 degCamber deflection: 13.3351 deg

Table 10: Controlpoints1 -0.00306950.50962 0.0347110.22382 -0.0174790.075281 -0.0174790.026042 -0.0174790 -0.0112140 00 0.0312150.1817 0.0714540.37893 0.0714540.4767 0.0714540.73763 0.0639391 0.0030695

Table 11: Base 64 representation:chYKeopFKH4oKtP


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.613 3.97 ectsRMS curvature error: 33.8 33.06 %CD error -0.4 -42.1 dctsCm error -11 38 mctsUpper transition point 1.59 0.11 %



8

Profile: a63a108c

Information: NASA/AMES modification of the NACA 63A-108airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 13: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 7.7324 % @0.32CMaximum Camber: 0.44446 % @0.17CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.7 %CUpper nose radius: 7.3484 %CLower nose radius: 0.96721 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 2.6362 degRelease Angle: -1.8163 degNose Incidence: 8.1186 degCamber deflection: 6.3023 deg

Table 14: Controlpoints1 -0.00350.67387 -0.0213590.53376 -0.0346250.34988 -0.0346250.043735 -0.0346250 -0.0167930 00 0.0175240.0062687 0.04280.30015 0.04280.65936 0.04280.89177 0.0025591 0.0035

Table 15: Base 64 representation:a-TgSf3WSPUsDsS


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.074 5.126 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1.5 1.7 dctsCm error 12 19 mctsUpper transition point -1.95 -2.4 %



9

Profile: ag03

Information: Drela AG03 (flat aft bottom) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 19: Base 64 representation:YxSPWjsHCGr4HjD


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.57 4.651 ectsRMS curvature error: 64.95 Inf %CD error -0.8 2.8 dctsCm error 2 -1 mctsUpper transition point 0.03 -0.11 %



10

Profile: ag04

Information: Drela AG04 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 23: Base 64 representation:E8SRUisIOIk2GjD


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.772 3.504 ectsRMS curvature error: 78.17 77.96 %CD error 0.1 0 dctsCm error -8 -5 mctsUpper transition point 0 -0.47 %



11

Profile: ag08





Table 27: Base 64 representation:F8SQTc3HKHi2GkE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.235 3.282 ectsRMS curvature error: 53.77 58.42 %CD error -0.2 -0.1 dctsCm error -8 -8 mctsUpper transition point 0.45 0.28 %



12

Profile: ag09





Table 31: Base 64 representation:F8RQSkuDFGj6FjF


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.638 7.178 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1.4 1.5 dctsCm error -5 6 mctsUpper transition point 0.05 0.6 %



13

Profile: ag10





Table 35: Base 64 representation:ZxPJRV9DFFu6EjJ


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.221 6.221 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1.5 1.4 dctsCm error -12 -2 mctsUpper transition point -0.04 1.08 %



14

Profile: ag11

Information: Drela ag11 AirfoilReference: UIUC




Table 39: Base 64 representation:V1RUW oEEEa HkG


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.697 3.676 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -0.7 0.4 dctsCm error -9 -19 mctsUpper transition point 0.35 -0.71 %



15

Profile: ag12





Table 43: Base 64 representation:K4SFU-MJOH-mElC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.57 4.006 ectsRMS curvature error: 23.77 20 %CD error 0 -1.1 dctsCm error 1 15 mctsUpper transition point -0.08 1.09 %



16

Profile: ag13





Table 47: Base 64 representation:F8STUe0HPGVqElC





17

Profile: ag14





Table 51: Base 64 representation:H6RYTV7GLFDmDlC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.583 4.503 ectsRMS curvature error: 20.49 20.58 %CD error 0 -0.3 dctsCm error 4 18 mctsUpper transition point -0.21 -0.82 %



18

Profile: ag16





Table 55: Base 64 representation:O1SKW-CKPJ4kFmC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.504 3.053 ectsRMS curvature error: 16.44 20.4 %CD error 0.1 0.8 dctsCm error -2 -8 mctsUpper transition point -0.56 -2.3 %



19

Profile: ag17





Table 59: Base 64 representation:L4TMV IJOIzlEmC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.447 5.281 ectsRMS curvature error: 21.13 23.58 %CD error -0.1 -0.5 dctsCm error -2 -13 mctsUpper transition point -0.22 0.69 %



20

Profile: ag18





Table 63: Base 64 representation:G8TOV5QGQGwpEmC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.397 2.922 ectsRMS curvature error: 20.92 22.8 %CD error 0 -0.2 dctsCm error -2 -11 mctsUpper transition point -0.03 1.38 %



21

Profile: ag19

Information: Drela AG19 profileReference: UIUC




Table 67: Base 64 representation:D-TPU IFMFunEmC





22

Profile: ag24

Information: AG24 Bubble Dancer DLG by Mark DrelaReference: UIUC




Table 71: Base 64 representation:PyUabzVLRKSWFoC





23

Profile: ag25





Table 75: Base 64 representation:N1UYa3UKOIVbFoC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.417 4.012 ectsRMS curvature error: 12.22 12.91 %CD error 0.1 0.4 dctsCm error -2 -2 mctsUpper transition point 0.13 -0.38 %



24

Profile: ag26





Table 79: Base 64 representation:L3USZ1YHPHniFnD


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.315 5.753 ectsRMS curvature error: 19.31 19.78 %CD error 0.3 1 dctsCm error 0 -4 mctsUpper transition point -0.44 -1.14 %



25

Profile: ag27




Table 82: Controlpoints1 -0.000517510.51098 0.0221540.28019 -0.0128950.079122 -0.0128956.636e-005 -0.0128950 -0.00273790 00 0.0018510.0077103 0.0545240.31772 0.0545240.53295 0.0545240.80092 0.0243771 0.00051751

Table 83: Base 64 representation:C9UUXO FOGcqFnD


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.371 6.741 ectsRMS curvature error: 22.21 25.4 %CD error 0.4 0.4 dctsCm error 7 7 mctsUpper transition point -0.8 -0.8 %



26

Profile: ag35

Information: AG35 - Not so good fit.Reference: UIUC




Table 87: Base 64 representation:RxUZsZ6LGKC2t-G


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.47 8.015 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1.2 2.1 dctsCm error -58 -84 mctsUpper transition point -0.58 -1.12 %



27

Profile: ag36

Information: AG46Reference: UIUC




Table 91: Base 64 representation:PyUKbe5LGJw2LlH





28

Profile: ag37

Information: N/AReference: N/A




Table 95: Base 64 representation:XuTQaj1LGIs2LlJ





29

Profile: ag38

Information: AG38 - Sequential flat top.Reference: UIUC




Table 99: Base 64 representation:btUMYj3KIHk2LmM

Table 100: Representation errors CL = 0.3, Re = 6 ·106

Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.99 2.97 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0.3 1 dctsCm error -13 -24 mctsUpper transition point -0.69 -0.7 %



30

Profile: ag44ct02r

Information: Drela AG44ct -02f airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 103: Base 64 representation:O1SNY0sKOI1jHjB


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.635 4.322 ectsRMS curvature error: 88.77 75.82 %CD error -0.2 -0.3 dctsCm error 15 10 mctsUpper transition point -0.39 0.95 %



31

Profile: ag45c03

Information: Drela AG45c -03f airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 107: Base 64 representation:TxRRX3YJJHzNDjC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.928 4.224 ectsRMS curvature error: 87.7 88.93 %CD error -0.5 -1.1 dctsCm error 20 26 mctsUpper transition point -0.39 -0.02 %



32

Profile: ag45ct02r





Table 111: Base 64 representation:TxRQX1aKOH0gGjC





33

Profile: ag46c03





Table 115: Base 64 representation:XxRTU3YILGzJDjC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.853 4.31 ectsRMS curvature error: 86.88 80.23 %CD error -0.8 -1.1 dctsCm error 13 -7 mctsUpper transition point -0.08 0.32 %



34

Profile: ag46ct02r





Table 119: Base 64 representation:T0RNU-RJIG1KEjC





35

Profile: ag47c03





Table 123: Base 64 representation:T4RTQ SILGzZDhC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.602 6.302 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -0.6 -0.3 dctsCm error 21 27 mctsUpper transition point -0.1 -1.19 %



36

Profile: ag47ct02r





Table 127: Base 64 representation:V4ROQ SILG0ZEiC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.536 4.959 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf 91.7 %CD error -0.2 0.1 dctsCm error 20 26 mctsUpper transition point -0.8 -1.41 %



37

Profile: ag455ct02r


Figure 101: Wing profile with camber and thicknessdistribution.



Table 131: Base 64 representation:Q2ROW2aJJH0NEkC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.599 5.74 ectsRMS curvature error: 90.26 94.22 %CD error -0.5 0.2 dctsCm error 17 5 mctsUpper transition point -0.19 -0.29 %



38

Profile: ah21-7

Information: Andrew Hollom AH 21 airfoil (7Reference: UIUC


Table 133: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 9.0217 % @0.35CMaximum Camber: 2.2717 % @0.58CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 1.2939 %CLower nose radius: 0.55902 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 8.5473 degRelease Angle: 12.0864 degNose Incidence: 8.4152 degCamber deflection: 20.5015 deg

Table 134: Controlpoints1 00.94178 0.0079890.53283 -0.0261630.25509 -0.0261630.18366 -0.0261630 -0.0261630 00 0.0451850.23669 0.0657270.39727 0.0657270.48498 0.0657270.7761 0.0657271 0

Table 135: Base 64 representation:raZJc SQYL IKzA





39

Profile: ah21-9

Information: Andrew Hollom AH 21 airfoil (original 9Reference: UIUC




Table 139: Base 64 representation:mgZKW3fQZJ JJuA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.251 4.294 ectsRMS curvature error: 18.9 17.93 %CD error 0.8 -0.8 dctsCm error -3 6 mctsUpper transition point -2.39 -3.43 %



40

Profile: ah63k127

Information: Althaus AH 63-K-127/24 airfoil for use with flaps(K)Reference: UIUC




Table 143: Base 64 representation:TlcXq VYqLt IqA





41

Profile: ah79k132

Information: Althaus AH 6-407 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 147: Base 64 representation:NsabrvycsMt KnA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.534 8.047 ectsRMS curvature error: 49.62 50.2 %CD error -1 -1 dctsCm error 121 104 mctsUpper transition point -5.15 -4.31 %



42

Profile: ah79k135

Information: Althaus AH 79-K-135/20 airfoil for use with flaps(K)Reference: UIUC



Table 150: Controlpoints1 00.80797 -0.00104990.80797 -0.036930.37059 -0.036930.30008 -0.036930 -0.0348790 00 0.0223970.12287 0.097960.40245 0.097960.65402 0.097960.75402 0.0371711 0

Table 151: Base 64 representation:Prabp7MYrQt KmA





43

Profile: ah85l120

Information: Althaus AH 85-L-120/17 symmetrical airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 153: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 12.1092 % @0.44CMaximum Camber: -3.4043e-005 % @0.81CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.16 %CUpper nose radius: 0.53477 %CLower nose radius: 0.53477 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 8.3674 degRelease Angle: 0.00065455 degNose Incidence: 0 degCamber deflection: 0.00065455 deg


Table 155: Base 64 representation:blckablcka22KgE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.683 3.57 ectsRMS curvature error: 19.95 17.77 %CD error -1 -0.9 dctsCm error -3 -2 mctsUpper transition point 3.3 3.02 %



44

Profile: ah93w145

Information: Althaus AH 93-W-145 airfoil for use on wind turbines(W)Reference: UIUC




Table 159: Base 64 representation:UmYMu7cOgPMRKvF





45

Profile: ah93w174





Table 163: Base 64 representation:WhWP1 MOgVyZHuA





46

Profile: ah93w215

Information: N/AReference: UIUC




Table 167: Base 64 representation:XmVI5c1TXg9WSrA





47

Profile: ah93w257



Table 169: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 25.6792 % @0.32CMaximum Camber: 2.0965 % @0.77CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.77298 %CUpper nose radius: 2.6975 %CLower nose radius: 5.161 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 4.2101 degRelease Angle: 10.3267 degNose Incidence: -9.5731 degCamber deflection: 0.75361 deg


Table 171: Base 64 representation:bgWP4ksSc0yrFwT





48

Profile: ah6407





Table 175: Base 64 representation:G6aHjjlCID7oHxS





49

Profile: ah7476





Table 179: Base 64 representation:D4ack9NBEDuhE1S





50

Profile: ah79100a

Information: Althaus AH 79-100A airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 183: Base 64 representation:UrYZh9QLULalHuA





51

Profile: ah79100b

Information: Althaus AH 79-100B airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 187: Base 64 representation:Soaeu3fCOFJWI A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.698 6.614 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -0.9 -1.3 dctsCm error 57 30 mctsUpper transition point 1.67 2.19 %



52

Profile: ah79100c

Information: N/AReference: Althaus AH 79-100C airfoil




Table 191: Base 64 representation:QtcNw3YCGFyVP-A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.373 7.013 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -3.8 -3.4 dctsCm error -6 -21 mctsUpper transition point 5.48 5.7 %



53

Profile: ah80129





Table 195: Base 64 representation:Pkaes6sWcKrsNiA





54

Profile: ah80136




Table 198: Controlpoints1 -0.0008750.75494 -0.026710.44631 -0.0340370.37057 -0.0340370.20381 -0.0340370 -0.0258680 00 0.0273420.13197 0.101570.33934 0.101570.5873 0.101570.73833 -0.00357611 0.000875

Table 199: Base 64 representation:RmWYqwsYIPoxGaE





55

Profile: ah80140





Table 203: Base 64 representation:WsWOvt0LcMxNHmF





56

Profile: ah82150a

Information: Althaus AH 82-150 A airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 207: Base 64 representation:QnaWt5OapSn5JvA





57

Profile: ah82150f

Information: Althaus AH 82-150 F airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 211: Base 64 representation:Mpcsu1ac0R LvA





58

Profile: ah83150q

Information: Althaus AH 83-150 Q airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 215: Base 64 representation:ZlYZx1VcsOu GpA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.976 6.838 ectsRMS curvature error: 44.85 46.45 %CD error -2.8 -2.2 dctsCm error -19 -21 mctsUpper transition point -0.49 -0.06 %



59

Profile: ah83159





Table 219: Base 64 representation:TkacxoicsSs GsA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.846 6.277 ectsRMS curvature error: 40.01 41.47 %CD error -1 -2.6 dctsCm error 17 27 mctsUpper transition point 0.33 0.8 %



60

Profile: ah93156





Table 223: Base 64 representation:RsbaxrrYzRt LqA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.569 5.248 ectsRMS curvature error: 54.35 56.78 %CD error -0.7 -1 dctsCm error 59 52 mctsUpper transition point -1.08 -0.66 %



61

Profile: ah93157





Table 227: Base 64 representation:PsaZxi1YyRr LrA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.57 5.816 ectsRMS curvature error: 33.91 35.24 %CD error -0.3 -0.2 dctsCm error 20 -6 mctsUpper transition point -0.42 0.06 %



62

Profile: ah94145





Table 231: Base 64 representation:ahaS2 gIbKxQIwF





63

Profile: ah94156

Information: Althaus AH 94-156 airfoilReference: N/A




Table 235: Base 64 representation:RsbawpkauRp LpA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.417 5.889 ectsRMS curvature error: 42.87 45.29 %CD error 0 0.1 dctsCm error 0 5 mctsUpper transition point 0 -0.73 %



64

Profile: ah95160





Table 239: Base 64 representation:bhaU59lLcMvRJwF


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.212 3.912 ectsRMS curvature error: 85.1 87.73 %CD error 1 0.9 dctsCm error -14 -14 mctsUpper transition point -0.73 -0.63 %



65

Profile: ames01

Information: NASA/AMES/Hicks A-01 transonic rotorcraft airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 243: Base 64 representation:M7TlcQ WbQuVNcP





66

Profile: ames02

Information: NASA/AMES/Hicks A-02 transonic rotorcraft airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 245: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 7.7314 % @0.32CMaximum Camber: 0.45299 % @0.15CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.7 %CUpper nose radius: 6.7948 %CLower nose radius: Inf %CBoat-Tail Angle: 2.4552 degRelease Angle: -1.7146 degNose Incidence: 7.7258 degCamber deflection: 6.0112 deg

Table 246: Controlpoints1 -0.00350.68162 -0.0198630.53154 -0.034620.34988 -0.034620 -0.034620 -0.00945610 00 0.0174360.0067117 0.0427990.30015 0.0427990.65893 0.0427990.89584 0.00261461 0.0035

Table 247: Base 64 representation:a-TgSR WSPUqDsS





67

Profile: ames03

Information: NASA/AMES/Kennelly A-03 transonic rotorcraftairfoilReference: UIUC



Table 250: Controlpoints1 -0.0030.79009 -0.0136050.69201 -0.038110.37504 -0.038110.27029 -0.038110 -0.0347440 00 0.0532480.20247 0.061890.37494 0.061890.80609 0.061890.80609 -0.00443261 0.003

Table 251: Base 64 representation:2sYra5SYgQ rBcP





68

Profile: amsoil1

Information: Rutan AMSOIL racer canard airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 255: Base 64 representation:7GbZh72ZsQbgKkL


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.344 4.387 ectsRMS curvature error: 41.17 41.55 %CD error -3.2 -3.3 dctsCm error 2 -3 mctsUpper transition point 3.29 3.83 %



69

Profile: amsoil2

Information: Rutan AMSOIL racer wing airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 257: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 11.7688 % @0.4CMaximum Camber: 0.96542 % @0.51CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.448 %CUpper nose radius: 1.7928 %CLower nose radius: 4.2782 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 9.2696 degRelease Angle: 2.2487 degNose Incidence: -2.3895 degCamber deflection: -0.14082 deg


Table 259: Base 64 representation:8Kbasi7ZbVfsKjL





70

Profile: aquilasm

Information: AQUILA R/C sailplane airfoilReference: N/A




Table 263: Base 64 representation:RuUTk3mCAEmFLmA





71

Profile: arad6

Information: Aeronautical Research Association/Bocci-Dowty Ro-tol ARA-D 6Reference: UIUC




Table 267: Base 64 representation:hlaGh aDGE wJvc





72

Profile: arad10





Table 271: Base 64 representation:fzWFl3UEFJ74Mpm





73

Profile: arad20





Table 275: Base 64 representation:0RQK6kpTZb1TMn





74

Profile: as5045

Information: AS5045 airfoil Ashok Gopalarathnam/Selig 15Reference: UIUC




Table 279: Base 64 representation:UxYVjbhYccwtGnG





75

Profile: as5046

Information: AS5046 airfoil Ashok Gopalarathnam/Selig 16Reference: UIUC




Table 283: Base 64 representation:P1YRlfeYcextLnH





76

Profile: as5048





Table 287: Base 64 representation:TvYIqehaWi vUmI





77

Profile: atr72sm

Information: ATR 72 wing airfoil (from NTSB report)Reference: UIUC




Table 291: Base 64 representation:I4QXqf6VfTRSOkA





78

Profile: avistar

Information: Hobbico R/C Avistar trainer airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 295: Base 64 representation:ZjWXozsUUVgeUjI





79

Profile: b29root

Information: Hobbico R/C Avistar trainer airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 297: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 21.985 % @0.3CMaximum Camber: 1.7319 % @0.29CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 3.2698 %CLower nose radius: 4.0538 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 26.5107 degRelease Angle: -2.2444 degNose Incidence: -0.38815 degCamber deflection: -2.6325 deg


Table 299: Base 64 representation:gZTY16GTbnwOecA





80

Profile: b29tip

Information: Boeing B-29 tip airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 301: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 8.9995 % @0.3CMaximum Camber: 2.2285 % @0.3CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.64544 %CLower nose radius: 0.80831 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 10.9262 degRelease Angle: -1.4983 degNose Incidence: 3.0445 degCamber deflection: 1.5462 deg


Table 303: Base 64 representation:ZsTZs6uTZKs MsA





81

Profile: b707e

Information: Boeing Commercial Airplane Company model 737airfoilsReference: UIUC




Table 307: Base 64 representation:K2aRbnNcMMtwNkA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.933 6.822 ectsRMS curvature error: 96.85 Inf %CD error NaN NaN dctsCm error NaN NaN mctsUpper transition point NaN NaN %



82

Profile: b737a





Table 311: Base 64 representation:ewMWgkjNbgoiMhC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.65 5.563 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -9.4 -10 dctsCm error -4 15 mctsUpper transition point 2.66 2.47 %



83

Profile: b737b





Table 315: Base 64 representation:waQRexZUQYznOhC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.201 6.429 ectsRMS curvature error: 65.81 75.14 %CD error -2.3 -2.2 dctsCm error 25 14 mctsUpper transition point 3.64 3.96 %



84

Profile: b737d





Table 319: Base 64 representation:coWaskPsPRvkNiE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.845 6.768 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -1.7 -1.3 dctsCm error -6 14 mctsUpper transition point 1.78 0.17 %



85

Profile: bacj

Information: Boeing Commercial Airplane Company airfoil JReference: UIUC


Table 321: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 10.1097 % @0.4CMaximum Camber: 1.6588 % @0.78CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.96445 %CLower nose radius: 1.5021 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 8.683 degRelease Angle: 8.3534 degNose Incidence: -3.3978 degCamber deflection: 4.9555 deg


Table 323: Base 64 representation:1OsfYymWgUquKtA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.185 5.847 ectsRMS curvature error: 49.07 49.73 %CD error -24.3 NaN dctsCm error -419 NaN mctsUpper transition point 30.07 NaN %



86

Profile: bacxxx

Information: Boeing Commercial Airplane Company BACXXXEnergy Efficient Transport Program airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 327: Base 64 representation:P2TgsfRWSUgxWoC





87

Profile: be50

Information: Verbitsky BE50 free flight airfoil (original)Reference: UIUC




Table 331: Base 64 representation:foWUf8WDNFgoItH


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.931 6.218 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error NaN NaN dctsCm error NaN NaN mctsUpper transition point NaN NaN %



88

Profile: boe106

Information: Boeing 106 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 335: Base 64 representation:iaTOp MNZO bTmB





89

Profile: bqm34

Information: Ryan BQM-34 Firebee wing airfoil (NACA 63-014AW/NACA 0014 nose and thinned to .09899 to account for sweep)Reference: UIUC


Table 337: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 9.8987 % @0.33CMaximum Camber: -2.329e-006 % @0.47CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 1.0351 %CLower nose radius: 1.0351 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 10.5704 degRelease Angle: -2.3922e-005 degNose Incidence: 0 degCamber deflection: -2.3922e-005 deg


Table 339: Base 64 representation:rgVTVrgVTVooMgA





90

Profile: c5a

Information: Lockheed-Georgia C-141 transonic wing airfoils,LOCKHEED C-5A BL0 AIRFOIL.Reference: UIUC




Table 343: Base 64 representation:ngsJcuWaYc5WVpG





91

Profile: c5b

Information: LOCKHEED C-5A BL488.2 AIRFOILReference: N/A




Table 347: Base 64 representation:gnsWs1aWZVtnXoG





92

Profile: c5c

Information: Lockheed-Georgia C-5A transonic wing airfoils,LOCKHEED C-5A BL576 AIRFOIL.Reference: UIUC




Table 351: Base 64 representation:gmsNs8aWWT3mXoG





93

Profile: c141a





Table 355: Base 64 representation:8BZef7NWJXj ZlD


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.927 5.843 ectsRMS curvature error: 64.08 58.2 %CD error NaN -0.8 dctsCm error NaN -29 mctsUpper transition point NaN 2.29 %



94

Profile: c141b

Information: Lockheed-Georgia C-141 transonic wing airfoils,LOCKHEED C-141 BL113.6 AIRFOIL.Reference: UIUC




Table 359: Base 64 representation:ySaefycXIXj ZkD





95

Profile: c141c





Table 363: Base 64 representation:zPaZs1gXISs WkF





96

Profile: c141d

Information: LOCKHEED C-141 BL426.57 AIR-FOIL,LOCKHEED C-141 BL610.61 AIRFOIL.Reference: UIUC




Table 367: Base 64 representation:uaaJs2lXHR WmG





97

Profile: c141e





Table 371: Base 64 representation:yWaJet4XHP WnG





98

Profile: c141f





Table 375: Base 64 representation:ysaWf XJMt VpI





99

Profile: cast102

Information: CAST 10-2/DOA 2 transonic airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 379: Base 64 representation:O5sefpPsRVqfQoN


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.586 5.394 ectsRMS curvature error: 46.72 45.62 %CD error NaN NaN dctsCm error NaN NaN mctsUpper transition point NaN NaN %



100

Profile: clarkk

Information: CLARK K airfoil.Reference: UIUC




Table 383: Base 64 representation:B8ZElu9NBO83SoD


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.884 7.461 ectsRMS curvature error: 72.31 Inf %CD error -1.9 -1.6 dctsCm error -10 -4 mctsUpper transition point 2.56 2.05 %



101

Profile: clarkv

Information: CLARK V airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 387: Base 64 representation:RxaQmtrNJNw2WsE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.597 3.781 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0 -0.8 dctsCm error -5 -30 mctsUpper transition point 0.47 1.84 %



102

Profile: clarkx

Information: CLARK X airfoil.Reference: UIUC


Table 389: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 11.605 % @0.31CMaximum Camber: 3.2982 % @0.44CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.12 %CUpper nose radius: NaN %CLower nose radius: 1.4434 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 15.7207 degRelease Angle: 5.7105 degNose Incidence: 0.86931 degCamber deflection: 6.5799 deg

Table 390: Controlpoints1 -0.00060.35123 -0.0249540.27038 -0.031890.12017 -0.031890.052159 -0.031890 -0.0224040 00 00.017753 0.089760.39005 0.089760.46426 0.089760.66771 0.080811 0.0006

Table 391: Base 64 representation:A8ZIlsjILO54SoD





103

Profile: clarky

Information: CLARK Y airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 395: Base 64 representation:E5XLmvvKEN43RoD


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.026 3.361 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 3.5 3.9 dctsCm error 1 -1 mctsUpper transition point -1.74 -1.94 %



104

Profile: clarkyh

Information: CLARK YH AIRFOILReference: UIUC




Table 399: Base 64 representation:XlTaj7AKBQYwUbD





105

Profile: clarkysm

Information: CLARK Y airfoil, Smoothed.Reference: UIUC




Table 403: Base 64 representation:WrWHnykJEM 6SpA





106

Profile: clarkz

Information: CLARK Z airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 407: Base 64 representation:ggTLp6oGBK 4SpD





107

Profile: clarym15

Information: CLARK YM15 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 411: Base 64 representation:H9ZBtvnNAT-8WpE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.656 9.154 ectsRMS curvature error: 83.52 58.49 %CD error -3.1 -3 dctsCm error -17 -29 mctsUpper transition point 5.57 4.76 %



108

Profile: clarym18

Information: CLARK YM18 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 415: Base 64 representation:aoTM08MNEZ 7boF





109

Profile: cootie

Information: Waco Cootie airfoilReference: UIUC



Table 418: Controlpoints1 -0.00249990.1931 0.0369730.10208 -0.0107870.025093 -0.0107870.019321 -0.0107870 -0.0107870 00 00.023175 0.0959960.3992 0.0959960.43502 0.0959960.62828 0.0907271 0.0024999

Table 419: Base 64 representation:A7aEo PCFF75MsN





110

Profile: cr001sm

Information: Cody Robertson CR 001 R/C hand-launch lowReynolds number airfoil (smoothed)Reference: UIUC



Table 422: Controlpoints1 -5e-0060.5909 0.034530.25595 -0.0100740.054679 -0.0100740.0095165 -0.0100740 -0.00703570 00 0.0175980.079066 0.0748250.37887 0.0748250.64299 0.0748250.93673 0.0190531 5e-006

Table 423: Base 64 representation:PyYbgs0DOEQiNwA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.84 3.203 ectsRMS curvature error: 32.55 32.21 %CD error -0.1 0.5 dctsCm error -4 11 mctsUpper transition point -0.52 -1.45 %



111

Profile: curtisc72

Information: Curtis C-72 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 427: Base 64 representation:B ZBng4KVM-0PrD


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.483 4.599 ectsRMS curvature error: 21.92 21.59 %CD error -0.1 0.4 dctsCm error -5 -1 mctsUpper transition point 0.21 -0.76 %



112

Profile: dae11

Information: Drela DAE11 low Reynolds number airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 431: Base 64 representation:UoZZ24tELGugGrA





113

Profile: dae21





Table 435: Base 64 representation:YmYbz4uDKGpiFsA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.986 3.59 ectsRMS curvature error: 18.12 22.02 %CD error -0.5 -1 dctsCm error -6 4 mctsUpper transition point 0.02 -0.08 %



114

Profile: dae31





Table 439: Base 64 representation:WpYfyvxCJHokGuA





115

Profile: dae51





Table 443: Base 64 representation:RuZZkj4GPHZsHqF


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.977 4.335 ectsRMS curvature error: 62.33 61.58 %CD error -0.2 0 dctsCm error 2 7 mctsUpper transition point -0.46 -0.79 %



116

Profile: davis-corrected

Information: Davis basic B-24 wing airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 447: Base 64 representation:ffTQsM7SSXljRgA





117

Profile: davis

Information: Consolidated/Davis airfoil (B-24 wing?)Reference: UIUC


Table 449: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 11.1331 % @0.31CMaximum Camber: 3.7124 % @0.43CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: NaN %CLower nose radius: 0.1768 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 16.2399 degRelease Angle: 7.0195 degNose Incidence: 7.065 degCamber deflection: 14.0845 deg

Table 450: Controlpoints1 00.37608 -0.0119850.28325 -0.0270.15 -0.0270.020128 -0.0270 -0.00487080 00 00.027986 0.09150.4 0.09150.4 0.09150.66851 0.0896881 0

Table 451: Base 64 representation:A7aAmM2KKM-3SqA





118

Profile: daytonwright6

Information: Dayton-Wright 6 airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 453: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 13.9901 % @0.28CMaximum Camber: 4.6761 % @0.34CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.74808 %CLower nose radius: 1.9586 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 57.2958 degRelease Angle: -20.0535 degNose Incidence: 4.9346 degCamber deflection: -15.1189 deg


Table 455: Base 64 representation:LtTfx8eGAMBU AA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 6.385 8.269 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 2 2.2 dctsCm error 16 19 mctsUpper transition point -5.04 -5.16 %



119

Profile: defcnd1

Information: Rutan DEFIANT canard BL20 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 459: Base 64 representation:QtVP-ugOMbz1UmA





120

Profile: defcnd2





Table 463: Base 64 representation:SiSYvS-VbPmvSmA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.236 4.498 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 2.8 -2.3 dctsCm error -1 15 mctsUpper transition point -0.14 -0.4 %



121

Profile: defcnd3





Table 467: Base 64 representation:pjSSi ASPONuWrA





122

Profile: df101

Information: David Fraser DF 101 low Reynolds number airfoilReference: UIUC



Table 470: Controlpoints1 -3.5e-0050.92563 -0.00401820.33219 -0.0362870.20782 -0.0362870.036598 -0.0362870 -0.0103320 00 0.0113580.039447 0.0765280.33765 0.0765280.63224 0.0765280.91983 0.00926361 3.5e-005

Table 471: Base 64 representation:J4WcgS0NKPOHLiA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.256 4.326 ectsRMS curvature error: 43.63 43.56 %CD error 0.1 -0.5 dctsCm error 36 17 mctsUpper transition point -0.76 1.02 %



123

Profile: 2032c

Information: Dillner 20-32-C low Reynolds number airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 475: Base 64 representation:D3TXsZYBHCBzP2I





124

Profile: doa5

Information: Dornier A-5 airfoil (reconstruction) (DO 228 wing)Reference: UIUC




Table 479: Base 64 representation:knbkp2CacbBoFsA





125

Profile: du8608418

Information: Deflt University DU 86-084/18 low Reynolds numberairfoilReference: UIUC




Table 483: Base 64 representation:WwYoXG9VyN6 DgA





126

Profile: e66

Information: Eppler E66 low Reynolds number airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 487: Base 64 representation:bkYllD-JPJEQM5A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.687 5.899 ectsRMS curvature error: 24.51 24.46 %CD error 0.1 0.6 dctsCm error -4 -29 mctsUpper transition point 1.43 1.82 %



127

Profile: e67





Table 491: Base 64 representation:OxbWm HMTNfQL1A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.236 2.406 ectsRMS curvature error: 16 15.81 %CD error 2 1.7 dctsCm error 1 -10 mctsUpper transition point -2.41 -1.5 %



128

Profile: e168



Table 493: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 12.4415 % @0.27CMaximum Camber: 3.8911e-007 % @0.03CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.59202 %CLower nose radius: 0.59202 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 9.5485 degRelease Angle: 1.9911e-006 degNose Incidence: 8.8091e-006 degCamber deflection: 1.08e-005 deg


Table 495: Base 64 representation:OzRPbOzRPbooLgA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.327 6.126 ectsRMS curvature error: 52.08 48.38 %CD error 0 0.1 dctsCm error 2 2 mctsUpper transition point -0.05 0.2 %



129

Profile: e169



Table 497: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 14.402 % @0.26CMaximum Camber: 6.4599e-007 % @0.61CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.92556 %CLower nose radius: 0.92556 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 10.1409 degRelease Angle: -7.4978e-006 degNose Incidence: 0 degCamber deflection: -7.4978e-006 deg


Table 499: Base 64 representation:TtRQfTtRQfppLgA





130

Profile: e171





Table 503: Base 64 representation:alVVaalVVayyMgA





131

Profile: e174



Table 505: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 8.9593 % @0.31CMaximum Camber: 3.6845 % @0.41CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.4621 %CLower nose radius: -29.6556 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 6.047 degRelease Angle: 5.7684 degNose Incidence: 2.3288 degCamber deflection: 8.0973 deg

Table 506: Controlpoints1 00.69834 0.0144630.2493 -0.0166510.084722 -0.0166510 -0.0166510 -0.00604980 00 0.0197390.12648 0.0805660.35541 0.0805660.52561 0.0805660.6584 0.0528341 0

Table 507: Base 64 representation:QoXRhX FMHtaHoA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.893 3.847 ectsRMS curvature error: 38.59 39.53 %CD error -1.7 -2 dctsCm error 1 10 mctsUpper transition point -0.28 0.39 %



132

Profile: e176





Table 511: Base 64 representation:TnWUgX-ILImcHlA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.451 6.244 ectsRMS curvature error: 54.69 45.49 %CD error -1.8 -2.1 dctsCm error -4 13 mctsUpper transition point -0.13 -1.21 %



133

Profile: e178





Table 515: Base 64 representation:WmWWeyiLLIhnGiA





134

Profile: e180





Table 519: Base 64 representation:ehVXcU5OMJgKJsA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.699 3.287 ectsRMS curvature error: 51.43 50.12 %CD error 2.9 2.9 dctsCm error -2 19 mctsUpper transition point -0.94 -2.19 %



135

Profile: e182



Table 521: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 8.4787 % @0.31CMaximum Camber: 1.5775 % @0.36CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.31678 %CLower nose radius: Inf %CBoat-Tail Angle: 7.3629 degRelease Angle: -3.6738 degNose Incidence: -1.5139 degCamber deflection: -5.1878 deg

Table 522: Controlpoints1 00.92477 -0.00971120.44072 -0.0275770.2297 -0.0275770.002297 -0.0275770 -0.00764120 00 0.0159850.11237 0.0579460.32793 0.0579460.59081 0.0579460.79401 2.7355e-0051 0

Table 523: Base 64 representation:SpVZZS-PSMgXIaA





136

Profile: e184




Table 526: Controlpoints1 00.90801 -0.0151810.49265 -0.0304140.28433 -0.0304140.048832 -0.0304140 -0.01370 00 0.0160690.1052 0.0530080.32108 0.0530080.59184 0.0530080.80538 -0.00775881 0

Table 527: Base 64 representation:TqVaXs0STNfgIWA





137

Profile: e186





Table 531: Base 64 representation:QsUSbW2WURZnOSA





138

Profile: e193





Table 535: Base 64 representation:SmXIjY KKK fMoA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.867 4.537 ectsRMS curvature error: 61.25 61.92 %CD error -0.4 -0.9 dctsCm error 8 -7 mctsUpper transition point -1.25 -0.04 %



139

Profile: e195





Table 539: Base 64 representation:UkWOl6PNTN1nNnA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.98 4.41 ectsRMS curvature error: 47.07 46.97 %CD error 1.1 -0.7 dctsCm error -10 20 mctsUpper transition point 0.27 -1.44 %



140

Profile: e197





Table 543: Base 64 representation:XiWRnhmQUSyqOmA





141

Profile: e201





Table 547: Base 64 representation:UlXKl9GNWO5jMpA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.697 5.158 ectsRMS curvature error: 40.68 41 %CD error 0 -0.7 dctsCm error 19 4 mctsUpper transition point -1.98 -0.76 %



142

Profile: e203





Table 551: Base 64 representation:XiWMmS3SOUyZMqA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.956 4.467 ectsRMS curvature error: 44.57 45 %CD error 2.1 2.9 dctsCm error 19 37 mctsUpper transition point -3.37 -5.22 %



143

Profile: e205





Table 555: Base 64 representation:QtWLi4ULOLtHOjA





144

Profile: e207





Table 559: Base 64 representation:TrWIjaxQRP3yOlA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.134 3.728 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf 92.43 %CD error 0.1 0 dctsCm error 18 16 mctsUpper transition point -0.33 -0.03 %



145

Profile: e209





Table 563: Base 64 representation:WoWSlRyTPVIfPnA





146

Profile: e210





Table 567: Base 64 representation:UrXOt7NOVOecQ1A





147

Profile: e211





Table 571: Base 64 representation:SqXVgU5PsOegPyA





148

Profile: e212





Table 575: Base 64 representation:LyXcgS5MTPWRJ4A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.42 3.414 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0 0.4 dctsCm error -5 0 mctsUpper transition point -0.87 -2.21 %



149

Profile: e214





Table 579: Base 64 representation:XnYPnW5LZJrZL2A





150

Profile: e216



Table 581: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 10.5375 % @0.28CMaximum Camber: 5.0547 % @0.57CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.80245 %CLower nose radius: Inf %CBoat-Tail Angle: 9.2464 degRelease Angle: 19.6525 degNose Incidence: 5.1492 degCamber deflection: 24.8017 deg


Table 583: Base 64 representation:QtZKoW IRK2WK A





151

Profile: e220





Table 587: Base 64 representation:hgYYi FUPOnwMsA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.404 7.672 ectsRMS curvature error: 31.22 31.18 %CD error 0.2 -1.7 dctsCm error -21 -1 mctsUpper transition point 0.7 0.34 %



152

Profile: e221





Table 591: Base 64 representation:mcSVc9ORNMctKfA





153

Profile: e222





Table 595: Base 64 representation:NxXcfpiNVNPQJwA





154

Profile: e224





Table 599: Base 64 representation:UwWMsN3QUPzPIpA





155

Profile: e226



Table 601: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 10.1964 % @0.3CMaximum Camber: 0.85356 % @0.46CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.078348 %CLower nose radius: 0.73925 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 7.2214 degRelease Angle: 1.1434 degNose Incidence: -3.1937 degCamber deflection: -2.0503 deg


Table 603: Base 64 representation:F4VZZS3RVTPRIhA





156

Profile: e228





Table 607: Base 64 representation:I6UXXWuSKUM3GaA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.4 4.716 ectsRMS curvature error: 22.31 21.86 %CD error 0.8 0.3 dctsCm error 3 -2 mctsUpper transition point -2.24 -1.45 %



157

Profile: e230

Information: Eppler E230 airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 609: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 9.9486 % @0.3CMaximum Camber: -0.74331 % @0.78CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 1.1467 %CLower nose radius: 0.010553 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 7.5667 degRelease Angle: -7.8036 degNose Incidence: 5.6181 degCamber deflection: -2.1856 deg


Table 611: Base 64 representation:ogRZUB7WVWQYITA





158

Profile: e231

Information: Eppler E231 R/C sailplane airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 615: Base 64 representation:TuZgkO6arQmmMkA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.412 3.049 ectsRMS curvature error: 18.89 18.95 %CD error 28.4 0.3 dctsCm error 1 5 mctsUpper transition point 0.98 -0.29 %



159

Profile: e326

Information: Eppler E326 flying wing airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 619: Base 64 representation:RuROjpVhhWovPfA





160

Profile: e327





Table 623: Base 64 representation:UrSMltQhkUvzOiA





161

Profile: e331





Table 627: Base 64 representation:WsROiuMilQhwPsA





162

Profile: e332





Table 631: Base 64 representation:WpRPl7BhpOr PgA





163

Profile: e334




Table 634: Controlpoints1 00.90387 -0.00025460.90387 -0.0220720.51463 -0.0220720 -0.0220720 -0.0100720 00 0.0313290.093694 0.0999280.29152 0.0999280.36661 0.0999280.47588 0.0929631 0

Table 635: Base 64 representation:UqTHqs gyJ7 LnA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.028 5.49 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -1.9 -2.4 dctsCm error 14 -4 mctsUpper transition point 1.36 2.53 %



164

Profile: e335





Table 639: Base 64 representation:RuROjtRitVinNeA





165

Profile: e336





Table 643: Base 64 representation:UrROmyJhuTmxOgA





166

Profile: e337





Table 647: Base 64 representation:TrSNo7ChuRt7OiA





167

Profile: e338





Table 651: Base 64 representation:UpSJr7BgxPz-NmA





168

Profile: e340





Table 655: Base 64 representation:ZmRMnyGitWj5QeA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.845 5.148 ectsRMS curvature error: 47.89 45.86 %CD error NaN NaN dctsCm error NaN NaN mctsUpper transition point NaN 68.34 %



169

Profile: e341





Table 659: Base 64 representation:SrRNp6BhtUo2PgA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.46 6.509 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error NaN NaN dctsCm error NaN NaN mctsUpper transition point NaN 68.1 %



170

Profile: e342





Table 663: Base 64 representation:VpSMs7BhvSs PjA





171

Profile: e343





Table 667: Base 64 representation:XnSJv8BhtQ0 RjA





172

Profile: e360

Information: Eppler E360 rotorcraft airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 671: Base 64 representation:lkVPgoebfUzrOiA





173

Profile: e361

Information: Eppler E361 rotorcraft airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 675: Base 64 representation:niVSgogbeTtqOgA





174

Profile: e374





Table 679: Base 64 representation:UsZNg IUfOqaPjA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.705 4.451 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1.9 -0.1 dctsCm error -1 1 mctsUpper transition point 0.21 0.28 %



175

Profile: e385





Table 683: Base 64 representation:QoZaor-CFEFVH3A





176

Profile: e387





Table 687: Base 64 representation:QoXQiY9FNHtbHoA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.901 5.151 ectsRMS curvature error: 57.66 Inf %CD error -2 -1.8 dctsCm error 1 -7 mctsUpper transition point -0.28 -0.36 %



177

Profile: e392





Table 691: Base 64 representation:sgXIlL8KSH9WGtA





178

Profile: e393





Table 695: Base 64 representation:VlYao-NMWKCZKzA





179

Profile: e395

Information: Eppler E395 human powered aircraft airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 699: Base 64 representation:VkZIuUyIOM-UH3A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.337 5.152 ectsRMS curvature error: 22.27 21.83 %CD error -1.3 -1 dctsCm error 24 9 mctsUpper transition point 0.06 -0.06 %



180

Profile: e396





Table 703: Base 64 representation:WkYJwUxIPM VI2A





181

Profile: e397





Table 707: Base 64 representation:QsbawI8KNOBTI3A





182

Profile: e399





Table 711: Base 64 representation:WkYGz4BLRQ-VH2A





183

Profile: e403

Information: Eppler E403 general purpose airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 715: Base 64 representation:E4emntOVgZQmF0A





184

Profile: e417





Table 719: Base 64 representation:G2fNkkgYYY4eN9A





185

Profile: e422

Information: Eppler E422 high lift airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 723: Base 64 representation:ZkUS6Z-FKJD3VzA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.303 5.2 ectsRMS curvature error: 55.82 55.94 %CD error -1 -0.9 dctsCm error -28 -10 mctsUpper transition point -2.03 -2.16 %



186

Profile: e426





Table 727: Base 64 representation:gpPSZnoLYV0nIiA





187

Profile: e428





Table 731: Base 64 representation:B-PTZqcLTXzsIiA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.725 4.271 ectsRMS curvature error: 41.39 39.09 %CD error -2.6 -3 dctsCm error -10 2 mctsUpper transition point 3.46 4.09 %



188

Profile: e431

Information: Eppler E431 sailplane airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 735: Base 64 representation:RubIxN YmO8mK0A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.159 5.104 ectsRMS curvature error: 24.63 24.7 %CD error -0.4 0.1 dctsCm error -19 2 mctsUpper transition point 2.86 -2.2 %



189

Profile: e432





Table 739: Base 64 representation:YlXG0xgYnP-rKyA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.899 4.28 ectsRMS curvature error: 26.55 26.97 %CD error 0.4 1 dctsCm error 23 50 mctsUpper transition point -2.34 -3.67 %



190

Profile: e433





Table 743: Base 64 representation:RubOuT9YoO3zN0A





191

Profile: e434





Table 747: Base 64 representation:QvaRuT-SxKq NtA





192

Profile: e435





Table 751: Base 64 representation:Rubc0I UgRBmBwA





193

Profile: e471





Table 755: Base 64 representation:QvcegZ8DGDVUH4A





194

Profile: e472

Information: Eppler E472 aerobatic aircraft airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 759: Base 64 representation:K4LOaK4LOaNNfgA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.241 2.451 ectsRMS curvature error: 45.22 44.85 %CD error 0.2 0.4 dctsCm error 10 8 mctsUpper transition point 0.65 0.8 %



195

Profile: e473



Table 761: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 16.1857 % @0.21CMaximum Camber: 0.070905 % @0.77CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 3.4957 %CLower nose radius: 3.4957 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 17.6803 degRelease Angle: 0.49724 degNose Incidence: 0 degCamber deflection: 0.49724 deg


Table 763: Base 64 representation:TtOMiTtOMiGGlgA





196

Profile: e474



Table 765: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 14.0811 % @0.21CMaximum Camber: 1.1006e-005 % @0.31CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.45891 %CLower nose radius: 0.45891 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 16.6449 degRelease Angle: 0.0001455 degNose Incidence: 0 degCamber deflection: 0.0001455 deg


Table 767: Base 64 representation:G6OIeG6OIeooTgA





197

Profile: e475





Table 771: Base 64 representation:N0OIgN0OIgxxXgA





198

Profile: e476





Table 775: Base 64 representation:TrUbjTrUbjkkOgA





199

Profile: e477





Table 779: Base 64 representation:QwUXgQwUXgggNgA





200

Profile: e478





Table 783: Base 64 representation:K4ROgK4ROghhOgA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.34 5.567 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0.2 -0.3 dctsCm error 3 4 mctsUpper transition point -0.44 -0.37 %



201

Profile: e479





Table 787: Base 64 representation:PzQOiPzQOiggOgA





202

Profile: e502





Table 791: Base 64 representation:OvcUncjeebtrPjA





203

Profile: e542

Information: Eppler E542 general aviation airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 795: Base 64 representation:VpZKrXngjs66RoA





204

Profile: e543





Table 799: Base 64 representation:VpZJragsie7zPqA





205

Profile: e544





Table 803: Base 64 representation:UqZJsXksce7qPrA





206

Profile: e545





Table 807: Base 64 representation:RuZVsagZceBrMqA





207

Profile: e546




Table 810: Controlpoints1 00.77506 -3.4303e-0050.69327 -0.0658930.45223 -0.0658930.18129 -0.0658930 -0.0239730 00 0.0355240.14189 0.0980060.34386 0.0980060.41669 0.0980060.56212 0.0980061 0

Table 811: Base 64 representation:XlWHpXlscc uOpA





208

Profile: e548





Table 815: Base 64 representation:VnVJtalcas2oMoA





209

Profile: e550





Table 819: Base 64 representation:VnWGvaiZVe7gLrA





210

Profile: e552





Table 823: Base 64 representation:VnWExZjVPs aJtA





211

Profile: e554





Table 827: Base 64 representation:PvWNwfYSVsIbR3A





212

Profile: e556





Table 831: Base 64 representation:SuXZqesRSaKsb A





213

Profile: e557





Table 835: Base 64 representation:TuYZsfeRTYMga A





214

Profile: e558





Table 839: Base 64 representation:ejUWvB5OMVJYX5A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.718 6.984 ectsRMS curvature error: 42.42 42.79 %CD error 0.8 -0.2 dctsCm error 6 -9 mctsUpper transition point -1.45 0.17 %



215

Profile: e559





Table 843: Base 64 representation:XnUXxXmLQVNbX8A





216

Profile: e560





Table 847: Base 64 representation:TpVYzfkKNVPZX A





217

Profile: e561





Table 851: Base 64 representation:SpVW2obKPVMaY A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.689 4.437 ectsRMS curvature error: 50.75 50.08 %CD error 0.3 -0.3 dctsCm error 28 18 mctsUpper transition point -2.44 -1.28 %



218

Profile: e562





Table 855: Base 64 representation:ZlUZtL0NOUQXW9A





219

Profile: e580





Table 859: Base 64 representation:SrYWxvSUZTZgN7A





220

Profile: e583





Table 863: Base 64 representation:QuaI1L-YtQ7xLyA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.64 4.469 ectsRMS curvature error: 40.63 42.55 %CD error 0 0 dctsCm error 13 9 mctsUpper transition point -2.52 -2.76 %



221

Profile: e584





Table 867: Base 64 representation:QuaF2M cwQ NxA





222

Profile: e587





Table 871: Base 64 representation:Stbb0auXeSDiV A





223

Profile: e591





Table 875: Base 64 representation:TyVX5U JONUbP A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.576 8.687 ectsRMS curvature error: 42.96 43.15 %CD error -0.8 -1 dctsCm error 109 113 mctsUpper transition point -0.72 -1.28 %



224

Profile: e593



Table 877: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 11.368 % @0.27CMaximum Camber: 4.622 % @0.3CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 1.8067 %CLower nose radius: -2.0108 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 5.1089 degRelease Angle: 2.2306 degNose Incidence: 14.7377 degCamber deflection: 16.9683 deg


Table 879: Base 64 representation:ZhSQrM-FDIy5GjA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.083 4.346 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0 0.3 dctsCm error -33 -25 mctsUpper transition point -1.14 -1.18 %



225

Profile: e598





Table 883: Base 64 representation:WmSUqM-FCIm5GjA





226

Profile: e603





Table 887: Base 64 representation:claM3VrcjazxLwA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.321 8.665 ectsRMS curvature error: 55.94 59.91 %CD error NaN 2.6 dctsCm error NaN 26 mctsUpper transition point NaN -0.76 %



227

Profile: e604





Table 891: Base 64 representation:YoaJ2ZmYga6mMzA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.26 6.526 ectsRMS curvature error: 26.37 26.6 %CD error 2 2.9 dctsCm error 38 55 mctsUpper transition point -1.51 -2.94 %



228

Profile: e625





Table 895: Base 64 representation:OzQUnT-iWSk2TsA





229

Profile: e635





Table 899: Base 64 representation:UtRNkzMiNPe5SXA





230

Profile: e636





Table 903: Base 64 representation:QuROm8HhOOh4SbA





231

Profile: e637



Table 905: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 12.2464 % @0.29CMaximum Camber: 3.4698 % @0.26CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.86149 %CLower nose radius: Inf %CBoat-Tail Angle: 15.3568 degRelease Angle: -0.82565 degNose Incidence: 12.8494 degCamber deflection: 12.0237 deg


Table 907: Base 64 representation:OtSNoZ eSMm7ReA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.485 4.851 ectsRMS curvature error: 93.07 Inf %CD error 6.8 -7.7 dctsCm error -18 25 mctsUpper transition point -1.55 2.36 %



232

Profile: e638





Table 911: Base 64 representation:clSMs6GgXJr7QiA





233

Profile: e639





Table 915: Base 64 representation:XoTJun gaH01QlA





234

Profile: e642





Table 919: Base 64 representation:PtZTs9HaxT3-KqA





235

Profile: e654





Table 923: Base 64 representation:VrbP4qgRnRyoI0A





236

Profile: e655





Table 927: Base 64 representation:TsaT1moVlVyuLvA





237

Profile: e656





Table 931: Base 64 representation:VqbT28QRpPygHzA





238

Profile: e657





Table 935: Base 64 representation:UqbY0W5RpPxgHzA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.708 5.665 ectsRMS curvature error: 33.44 34 %CD error -0.6 -0.8 dctsCm error 10 -1 mctsUpper transition point -0.59 -0.53 %



239

Profile: e662





Table 939: Base 64 representation:UqbZwR9VwPt0H3A





240

Profile: e664

Information: Eppler E664 variable geometry sailplane airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 943: Base 64 representation:SpaZu-CsqYt8LvA





241

Profile: e668





Table 947: Base 64 representation:VqbstR6SpOvoJyA





242

Profile: e682





Table 951: Base 64 representation:Rpaes6PsvUx6JsA





243

Profile: e694





Table 955: Base 64 representation:Lvgk0O QuPJyE5A





244

Profile: e715

Information: Eppler E715 tailplane airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 959: Base 64 representation:XkVTqYoQTVt0IjA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.295 5.485 ectsRMS curvature error: 54.14 54.52 %CD error 1.1 1 dctsCm error -34 -11 mctsUpper transition point -1 -1.26 %



245

Profile: e748





Table 963: Base 64 representation:TpUT5nZQPbScR9A





246

Profile: e793

Information: N/AEppler E793 general purpose airfoil (gyroflugspeed canard canard)Reference: UIUC




Table 967: Base 64 representation:YoUXx9AOOSIXS4A





247

Profile: e817

Information: Eppler E817 hydrofoilReference: UIUC




Table 971: Base 64 representation:VmeWfQsPTT3UG0A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.542 3.082 ectsRMS curvature error: 17.93 18.13 %CD error 0.3 -0.3 dctsCm error -2 -4 mctsUpper transition point -0.01 0.22 %



248

Profile: e836





Table 975: Base 64 representation:PxbabPxbabggMgA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.955 1.182 ectsRMS curvature error: 23.7 24.25 %CD error NaN 0.5 dctsCm error NaN 9 mctsUpper transition point NaN -0.41 %



249

Profile: e837



Table 977: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 16.106 % @0.37CMaximum Camber: 8.423e-007 % @0.92CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.75337 %CLower nose radius: 0.75337 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 11.1391 degRelease Angle: 1.4002e-005 degNose Incidence: 0 degCamber deflection: 1.4002e-005 deg


Table 979: Base 64 representation:UpYXhUpYXhmmMgA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.225 5.268 ectsRMS curvature error: 19.14 19.8 %CD error 0 -0.6 dctsCm error 5 4 mctsUpper transition point 0.18 1.01 %



250

Profile: e838



Table 981: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 18.3675 % @0.37CMaximum Camber: -3.1461e-005 % @0.79CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.96227 %CLower nose radius: 0.96227 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 12.5673 degRelease Angle: -0.00017386 degNose Incidence: -1.9372e-005 degCamber deflection: -0.00019323 deg


Table 983: Base 64 representation:ZeYbmZeYbmuuOgA





251

Profile: e851

Information: Eppler E851 propeller airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 987: Base 64 representation:WneJbUvTSN bLuA





252

Profile: e852





Table 991: Base 64 representation:UqeafN2TSNJaQzA





253

Profile: e853





Table 995: Base 64 representation:UmbYjbtSSPKaS2A





254

Profile: e854





Table 999: Base 64 representation:WiYXoasSTRNcW4A

Table 1000: Representation errors CL = 0.3, Re = 6·106




255

Profile: e856





Table 1003: Base 64 representation:PtXP2pbRSXTgs6A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.275 4.723 ectsRMS curvature error: 38.29 39.56 %CD error 0 -0.3 dctsCm error 40 61 mctsUpper transition point 0.4 0.19 %



256

Profile: e857





Table 1007: Base 64 representation:egUT-VpQSYPhj A





257

Profile: e874





Table 1011: Base 64 representation:ThSQVQ1NNOGQ wA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.849 6.555 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -1 -9.1 dctsCm error 45 28 mctsUpper transition point -5.06 14.84 %



258

Profile: e1098





Table 1015: Base 64 representation:UnaS2YoYRbwbKwA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.635 6.588 ectsRMS curvature error: 32.95 30.18 %CD error 0 0 dctsCm error 23 59 mctsUpper transition point -0.06 -0.64 %



259

Profile: e1200





Table 1019: Base 64 representation:P1aSy1RViWwpMwA





260

Profile: e1210





Table 1023: Base 64 representation:XpQL28KGJQ6bLrA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.172 3.385 ectsRMS curvature error: 46.9 43.88 %CD error 3 2.4 dctsCm error 39 58 mctsUpper transition point -5.12 -4.57 %



261

Profile: e1211





Table 1027: Base 64 representation:J4SQ2oYILYBcKrA





262

Profile: e1212





Table 1031: Base 64 representation:J4SMxasLIbqaMnA





263

Profile: e1212mod

Information: Eppler E1212 general aviation airfoil (as modified foruse as Quickie wing airfoil)Reference: UIUC




Table 1035: Base 64 representation:GyQRuU-KLeq0OjA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 7.824 11.096 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -0.6 -0.9 dctsCm error 9 -7 mctsUpper transition point -0.72 -1.06 %



264

Profile: e1213




Table 1038: Controlpoints1 00.59131 -0.0315310.31085 -0.0689150.19615 -0.0689150.12554 -0.0689150 -0.0441060 00 00 0.105930.26177 0.105930.42272 0.105930.69047 0.0393051 0

Table 1039: Base 64 representation:A ROsoXNJshlNiA





265

Profile: e1214





Table 1043: Base 64 representation:OzRNyclPJhnqRiA





266

Profile: e1230

Information: Eppler E1230 general aviation airfoil (Long-EZ andDefiant wing airfoil)Reference: UIUC


Table 1045: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 17.4633 % @0.29CMaximum Camber: 3.5999 % @0.27CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.02 %CUpper nose radius: 2.3072 %CLower nose radius: -9.0651 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 29.4743 degRelease Angle: 11.3468 degNose Incidence: 15.0769 degCamber deflection: 26.4237 deg


Table 1047: Base 64 representation:TsST0J VXWMzhxA





267

Profile: e1233





Table 1051: Base 64 representation:VpTU6zYVjWRrc9A





268

Profile: ea61012

Information: Eppler EA 6(-1)-012 airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 1053: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 12 % @0.3CMaximum Camber: -0.022039 % @0.79CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 1.8182 %CLower nose radius: 1.8182 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 6.7785 degRelease Angle: 0.0085428 degNose Incidence: 0 degCamber deflection: 0.0085428 deg


Table 1055: Base 64 representation:BTga BTgaxsIgA





269

Profile: eh0009

Information: John Yost EH 0.0/9.0 for tailless R/C aircraftReference: UIUC


Table 1057: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 8.9998 % @0.29CMaximum Camber: 0.0001035 % @0.78CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.39093 %CLower nose radius: 0.39093 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 7.1397 degRelease Angle: -0.0022309 degNose Incidence: 0 degCamber deflection: -0.0022309 deg


Table 1059: Base 64 representation:TwSZTTwSZTVVIgA





270

Profile: eh1070





Table 1063: Base 64 representation:LySRT9TYfLZXGgA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.698 2.509 ectsRMS curvature error: 41.06 40.93 %CD error 0.4 0.5 dctsCm error -4 -17 mctsUpper transition point 0.13 0.26 %



271

Profile: eh1090





Table 1067: Base 64 representation:NySSXU5WfPWTHgA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.811 3.677 ectsRMS curvature error: 34.09 31.52 %CD error -0.5 -0.4 dctsCm error 2 6 mctsUpper transition point 0.69 -0.09 %



272

Profile: eh1590





Table 1071: Base 64 representation:LzSQZ0iagNaWIgA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.964 4.015 ectsRMS curvature error: 26.63 28.47 %CD error -1.3 -0.9 dctsCm error 1 5 mctsUpper transition point 1.36 -0.08 %



273

Profile: eh2010

Information: John Yost EH 2.0/10 for tailless R/C aircraftReference: UIUC




Table 1075: Base 64 representation:JzSPek0ceOclKgA





274

Profile: eh2012

Information: John Yost EH 2.0/12 for tailless R/C aircraftReference: UIUC




Table 1079: Base 64 representation:LzSQh0iagSaWKgA





275

Profile: eiffel385

Information: Eiffel 385 (S.T. Ae) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1083: Base 64 representation:K4ZKr NKITk2RtA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 6.512 8.359 ectsRMS curvature error: 58.38 59.27 %CD error -2.6 -3.1 dctsCm error -11 5 mctsUpper transition point -1.2 -1.35 %



276

Profile: eiffel428

Information: Eiffel 428 (Bleriot) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1087: Base 64 representation:OtaTk1ACOGC3HmA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.231 6.604 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -21.7 -19 dctsCm error -56 -88 mctsUpper transition point 45.4 46.67 %



277

Profile: eppler793

Information: Eppler E793 general purpose airfoil (gyroflug speedcanard canard)Reference: UIUC




Table 1091: Base 64 representation:UrUYwiqOOTIXS4A





278

Profile: falcon

Information: Falcon airfoil used on the Carl Goldberg Falcon 56Mk II R/C powerplaneReference: UIUC




Table 1095: Base 64 representation:E6UUj AWcXDPipH


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.6 7.774 ectsRMS curvature error: 98.32 Inf %CD error -3.3 -3.7 dctsCm error -92 -97 mctsUpper transition point 4.58 5.93 %



279

Profile: fg2

Information: Fage & Collins 2 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1099: Base 64 representation:H2TUg3NBAEX5YnA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.125 9.097 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 2.3 NaN dctsCm error 72 NaN mctsUpper transition point -6.69 NaN %



280

Profile: fg3





Table 1103: Base 64 representation:D1Tgn3NB7EL0ZmA





281

Profile: fg4





Table 1107: Base 64 representation:brTeu3MCAIMl92A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 6.725 9.556 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 42.8 -24.7 dctsCm error -371 -388 mctsUpper transition point 35.02 35.05 %



282

Profile: fx2

Information: Wortmann FX 2 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1111: Base 64 representation:Xjgh3bmcag6mPyA





283

Profile: fx08s176

Information: Wortmann FX 08-S-176 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1115: Base 64 representation:NoYO94TgsO57JuA





284

Profile: fx66a175

Information: Wortmann FX 66-17A-175 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1119: Base 64 representation:OkWH2UrURU4xNrA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.787 6.268 ectsRMS curvature error: 43.49 46.2 %CD error 0.1 -0.2 dctsCm error 43 30 mctsUpper transition point -0.77 0.04 %



285

Profile: fx78k140

Information: Wortmann FX 78-K-140/20 airfoil for use with flaps(K)Reference: UIUC




Table 1123: Base 64 representation:Oocsw3kaNLq MeA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.576 5.576 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -0.2 0.4 dctsCm error 43 31 mctsUpper transition point -1.51 -1.22 %



286

Profile: fx83w160

Information: Wortmann FX 83-W-160 airfoil for use on wind tur-bines (W)Reference: UIUC




Table 1127: Base 64 representation:hgcau4TQYYckS0A





287

Profile: fx83w227





Table 1131: Base 64 representation:TrYT-R6UXhgqfqA





288

Profile: fx84w097





Table 1135: Base 64 representation:XjWag4hLcKeHBnA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.356 4.413 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0.3 NaN dctsCm error -15 NaN mctsUpper transition point -0.74 NaN %



289

Profile: fx84w127





Table 1139: Base 64 representation:VlYbq6hNgMZQDpA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 0.75 4.324 ectsRMS curvature error: 14.1 16.19 %CD error 0 -0.3 dctsCm error -5 -23 mctsUpper transition point -0.11 0.84 %



290

Profile: fx84w140





Table 1143: Base 64 representation:WiYcv3jNhNcVFqA





291

Profile: fx84w150





Table 1147: Base 64 representation:XiYcx4jOhPcWGqA





292

Profile: fx84w175





Table 1151: Base 64 representation:YiYs3znQgUsYHrA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.081 2.237 ectsRMS curvature error: 15.7 15.78 %CD error 0.1 -0.1 dctsCm error -3 -22 mctsUpper transition point -0.26 0.77 %



293

Profile: fx84w218





Table 1155: Base 64 representation:YqYZ7-NSehVWGmA





294

Profile: fx05188

Information: Wortmann FX 05-188 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1159: Base 64 representation:XncPykbYhetqJyA





295

Profile: fx05191





Table 1163: Base 64 representation:YkcYzmVYlehwMxA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.88 7.2 ectsRMS curvature error: 44.55 44.89 %CD error -2.7 -2.9 dctsCm error 90 93 mctsUpper transition point 1 1.45 %



296

Profile: fx60100





Table 1167: Base 64 representation:asYchXoLXLLkDuA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.725 4.21 ectsRMS curvature error: 83.19 84.02 %CD error -7.4 -10 dctsCm error 5 1 mctsUpper transition point 14.51 14.87 %



297

Profile: fx60100sm

Information: Wortmann FX 60-100 airfoil (smoothed)Reference: UIUC




Table 1171: Base 64 representation:TxYsgjmNSLLfCuA





298

Profile: fx60126





Table 1175: Base 64 representation:enWamJ5OSQTfEvA





299

Profile: fx60157





Table 1179: Base 64 representation:auaPqcfWmY1nK5A





300

Profile: fx60160





Table 1183: Base 64 representation:YkaXtyITgVX1PwA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.44 6.327 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -8.9 -8.7 dctsCm error -19 -29 mctsUpper transition point -1.16 -0.06 %



301

Profile: fx60177



Table 1185: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 17.7118 % @0.39CMaximum Camber: 2.6853 % @0.79CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 3.4124 %CLower nose radius: 0.31225 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 0 degRelease Angle: 11.8416 degNose Incidence: 21.5095 degCamber deflection: 33.3511 deg


Table 1187: Base 64 representation:suamuPrYlcBpAyA





302

Profile: fx61140





Table 1191: Base 64 representation:RsWRnWmWgTOoU A





303

Profile: fx61147





Table 1195: Base 64 representation:VoWQsXnWgSYpP7A





304

Profile: fx601261

Information: Wortmann FX 60-126/1 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1199: Base 64 representation:C7WYorXNSPgaCxA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 7.121 8.974 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 37.6 NaN dctsCm error 16 NaN mctsUpper transition point 11.95 NaN %



305

Profile: fx711530

Information: Wortmann FX 71-L-150/30 airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 1201: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 15 % @0.34CMaximum Camber: -0.00011002 % @0.59CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 1.947 %CLower nose radius: 1.947 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 8.1343 degRelease Angle: 0.00084225 degNose Incidence: 0 degCamber deflection: 0.00084225 deg


Table 1203: Base 64 representation:sYWXgsYWXgwwJgA





306

Profile: fxl142k

Information: Wortmann FX LIII-142 K 25 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1207: Base 64 representation:fmUTefmUTeyyLgA





307

Profile: fxm2

Information: Wortmann FX M2 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1211: Base 64 representation:MQMl ABAEfVIxA





308

Profile: fxs03182

Information: Wortmann FX S 03-182 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1215: Base 64 representation:aicMyUpaXb3aIzA





309

Profile: fxs21158

Information: Wortmann FX S 02/1-158 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1219: Base 64 representation:UeULvpOSVT0tIrA





310

Profile: giiia

Information: Grumman/Gulfstream GIII transonic airfoilsReference: UIUC




Table 1223: Base 64 representation:QyTYa2OsKVf2TeB





311

Profile: giiib

Information: Grumman/Gulfstream GIII transonic airfoils, GIIIBL45 AIRFOIL.Reference: UIUC


Table 1225: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 10.4799 % @0.38CMaximum Camber: 0.81403 % @0.24CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.03692 %CUpper nose radius: NaN %CLower nose radius: 0.74176 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 14.5363 degRelease Angle: -1.4028 degNose Incidence: 2.0826 degCamber deflection: 0.67978 deg


Table 1227: Base 64 representation:A-WXa5PsGUU7QeB





312

Profile: giiic

Information: Grumman/Gulfstream GIII transonic airfoils,GIIIBL75 AIRFOIL.Reference: UIUC




Table 1231: Base 64 representation:O0WaZ7MsZSiZOeB





313

Profile: giiid

Information: Grumman/Gulfstream GIII transonic airfoils, GIIIBL86 AIRFOIL.Reference: UIUC




Table 1235: Base 64 representation:SxWbZ7NsWRqjNfB





314

Profile: giiie





Table 1239: Base 64 representation:TxaUX8OgTOrsMgB





315

Profile: giiif

Information: Grumman/Gulfstream GIII transonic airfoils,BL145.Reference: UIUC




Table 1243: Base 64 representation:YsaUX0MgRNtoMhB


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.677 6.163 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -0.9 -1.6 dctsCm error 3 -13 mctsUpper transition point -0.04 2.51 %



316

Profile: giiig





Table 1247: Base 64 representation:YsaUXyPgRNqmMhB


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.585 5.156 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1.9 -1.9 dctsCm error -2 -13 mctsUpper transition point -2.91 3.65 %



317

Profile: giiih

Information: Grumman/Gulfstream GIII transonic airfoils, Warn-CuspeReference: UIUC




Table 1251: Base 64 representation:ZuaVX2DsZNksMhB


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.619 4.945 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0 -1.2 dctsCm error 0 -3 mctsUpper transition point 0 0.51 %



318

Profile: giiii





Table 1255: Base 64 representation:mgWYX7BsVNluMhB





319

Profile: giiij





Table 1259: Base 64 representation:piWYY5JsVNTrLhB





320

Profile: giiik





Table 1263: Base 64 representation:9CTYYc sVMhoMiB


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.054 5.377 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0 -3.2 dctsCm error 0 -13 mctsUpper transition point 0 -0.05 %



321

Profile: giiil





Table 1267: Base 64 representation:-CTYZe sVMZpLhB





322

Profile: gm15sm

Information: Gilbert Morris GM15 F1C class free flight flapperairfoilReference: UIUC



Table 1270: Controlpoints1 -3.5e-0050.45337 0.0683820.271 -0.0119220.054677 -0.0119220.041845 -0.0119220 -0.0110710 00 0.0127320.080455 0.0736290.37889 0.0736290.51216 0.0736290.7924 0.0518161 3.5e-005

Table 1271: Base 64 representation:LxYOf6PDPFsvIwA





323

Profile: goe07k

Information: Gottingen 7K airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1275: Base 64 representation:Vjgoqg KAGEajlA





324

Profile: goe08k





Table 1279: Base 64 representation:Vkgo5g KFIEbgyA





325

Profile: goe11k




Table 1282: Controlpoints1 01 00.415 -0.016090.1 -0.016090.057699 -0.016090 -0.016090 00 0.0340840.23623 0.064450.5 0.064450.505 0.064450.83253 0.064451 0

Table 1283: Base 64 representation:hhgBb bGWH AJ7A





326

Profile: goe14k



Table 1285: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 12.1887 % @0.48CMaximum Camber: 2.6132 % @0.51CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 1.1186 %CLower nose radius: 0.80102 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 57.2958 degRelease Angle: 0 degNose Incidence: 5.0593 degCamber deflection: 5.0593 deg


Table 1287: Base 64 representation:gegBk PTMP gA





327

Profile: goe15k





Table 1291: Base 64 representation:gegBt QTST oA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 6.959 8.222 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -6.3 5.9 dctsCm error -351 357 mctsUpper transition point 10.82 -10.45 %



328

Profile: goe16k





Table 1295: Base 64 representation:gegI3 QTaX uA





329

Profile: goe29b

Information: Gottingen 29B airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1299: Base 64 representation:B7TUv7ECDIS4HrH





330

Profile: goe54

Information: Gottingen 54 airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1303: Base 64 representation:-ANKsssBAE25DjJ


Control points Base64RMS position error: 7.879 8.924 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 67.9 -11 dctsCm error -21 14 mctsUpper transition point -6.34 7.25 %



331

Profile: goe55





Table 1307: Base 64 representation:0RNCW YDBHBjBiT


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.049 3.375 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -3.9 -4 dctsCm error 21 22 mctsUpper transition point 9.42 10.01 %



332

Profile: goe57





Table 1311: Base 64 representation:A4TLi PCDF 3KtE





333

Profile: goe79

Information: Gottingen 79 (Pfalz 11) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1315: Base 64 representation:eqTGlssBCF 7GsO


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.574 5.809 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error NaN NaN dctsCm error NaN NaN mctsUpper transition point -14.78 NaN %



334

Profile: goe81





Table 1319: Base 64 representation:cgTMqaVBDE 4KuH





335

Profile: goe92





Table 1323: Base 64 representation:A4TYpNIBBCB2KqE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.645 6.626 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -7 -6.6 dctsCm error -46 -23 mctsUpper transition point 11.71 10.83 %



336

Profile: goe114

Information: Gottingen 114 (MVA MK.1) airfoilReference: UIUC



Table 1326: Controlpoints1 00.40118 0.0103780.30118 -0.02820.201 -0.02820.03951 -0.02820 00 00 0.0030140.13612 0.077620.39726 0.077620.56524 0.077620.72654 0.0555691 0

Table 1327: Base 64 representation:CpZSgAyNIMt2MpA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.368 3.103 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error NaN -1.3 dctsCm error NaN -12 mctsUpper transition point NaN 3.32 %


Figure 1000: Error distribution of drag- and pitchingmoment, as well as the error of top and bottom transitionpoints.

337

Profile: goe115





Table 1331: Base 64 representation:MrZFjlYKLL62LpA





338

Profile: goe116





Table 1335: Base 64 representation:MnZNkImGCL0tLpJ





339

Profile: goe117





Table 1339: Base 64 representation:MnZAl-AGJI74MrA





340

Profile: goe118





Table 1343: Base 64 representation:CvaUplADEEDsLuF


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.263 5.435 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error NaN -0.5 dctsCm error NaN -11 mctsUpper transition point NaN 1.92 %



341

Profile: goe121





Table 1347: Base 64 representation:PrTCg kDFG 4JrF





342

Profile: goe122

Information: Gottingen 122 (MVA H.2) airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 1349: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 7.3966 % @0.27CMaximum Camber: 4.05 % @0.33CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.25 %CUpper nose radius: 0.82018 %CLower nose radius: NaN %CBoat-Tail Angle: 5.2465 degRelease Angle: 4.0106 degNose Incidence: 13.2896 degCamber deflection: 17.3002 deg


Table 1351: Base 64 representation:TrTXgGCBIDP4GmG





343

Profile: goe123





Table 1355: Base 64 representation:A abjraBFEB-IsF


Control points Base64RMS position error: 10.325 11.534 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1.8 NaN dctsCm error -83 NaN mctsUpper transition point -1.75 34.16 %



344

Profile: goe124





Table 1359: Base 64 representation:seTYnalBEFwuHrN


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.349 5.421 ectsRMS curvature error: 48.91 51.11 %CD error 6.6 NaN dctsCm error 29 NaN mctsUpper transition point -0.65 NaN %



345

Profile: goe134





Table 1363: Base 64 representation:UrTakllBAELRPqX


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.058 2.753 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0.6 -2.2 dctsCm error -5 -5 mctsUpper transition point -2.8 -3.66 %



346

Profile: goe137





Table 1367: Base 64 representation:SpTKk nFEF 4LpH





347

Profile: goe140





Table 1371: Base 64 representation:C1TWo fCAFCoHqP





348

Profile: goe142





Table 1375: Base 64 representation:OxTas-LCEET4IoF


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.836 4.485 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0.1 0 dctsCm error -12 4 mctsUpper transition point -0.77 -1.74 %



349

Profile: goe143



Table 1377: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 7.1027 % @0.22CMaximum Camber: 4.0669 % @0.36CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.29 %CUpper nose radius: -0.48563 %CLower nose radius: 1.8393 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 5.9015 degRelease Angle: 5.615 degNose Incidence: 3.6791 degCamber deflection: 9.2941 deg


Table 1379: Base 64 representation:A8TagyBCDGBsHnH





350

Profile: goe144





Table 1383: Base 64 representation:OsTbi4ADHGN8PuA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.026 6.061 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1.6 1.7 dctsCm error -16 6 mctsUpper transition point -1.35 -2.03 %



351

Profile: goe147





Table 1387: Base 64 representation:E-TGeRsFDH74GmI


Control points Base64RMS position error: 7.939 9.825 ectsRMS curvature error: 95 Inf %CD error -6.1 -6.9 dctsCm error -19 -24 mctsUpper transition point 15 14.69 %



352

Profile: goe155

Information: Gottingen 155 (SSW D.1) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1391: Base 64 representation:QnTgkllBIEs GpK


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.442 9.176 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 58.4 -3.1 dctsCm error 61 -83 mctsUpper transition point 6.49 -5.38 %



353

Profile: goe164





Table 1395: Base 64 representation:RrThr NFJEP2KxD





354

Profile: goe165





Table 1399: Base 64 representation:HyThraYKTKS0GyD





355

Profile: goe167

Information: Gottingen 167 (V.Karman PROP.2) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1403: Base 64 representation:XeTOo OCAF2oKoX





356

Profile: goe173

Information: Gottingen 173 (Albatros 6020) airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 1405: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 7.7948 % @0.25CMaximum Camber: 5.8597 % @0.35CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.18 %CUpper nose radius: 0.36885 %CLower nose radius: -9.4477e-006 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 7.6203 degRelease Angle: 8.0214 degNose Incidence: 17.1298 degCamber deflection: 25.1512 deg


Table 1407: Base 64 representation:IyTeoTGBFCB0JsF





357

Profile: goe174





Table 1411: Base 64 representation:PtTaossBLDP5JrH





358

Profile: goe176





Table 1415: Base 64 representation:A4TspejGLHK0JtG





359

Profile: goe177





Table 1419: Base 64 representation:HwTUkljDGER4KsF





360

Profile: goe178





Table 1423: Base 64 representation:NpTCk0eDEG6oIqI


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.007 4.176 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1 1.7 dctsCm error -16 -22 mctsUpper transition point 0.33 -0.45 %



361

Profile: goe180





Table 1427: Base 64 representation:WoTski2DGFLwKpG





362

Profile: goe182





Table 1431: Base 64 representation:F3TQo cDJGVzIsE





363

Profile: goe184





Table 1435: Base 64 representation:WnTHm FDFG 4JrG





364

Profile: goe190





Table 1439: Base 64 representation:ffTbt-DKSNW R2A





365

Profile: goe195





Table 1443: Base 64 representation:M3aAkm5FOH5xJwF





366

Profile: goe199

Information: Gottingen 199 (L.F.G. 5406) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1447: Base 64 representation:MyTUlyGBBEz4Jqc


Control points Base64RMS position error: 7.266 10.362 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 28.9 16 dctsCm error -116 -121 mctsUpper transition point 7.35 5.63 %



367

Profile: goe210

Information: Gottingen 210 (DAIMLER) airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 1449: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 6.3236 % @0.32CMaximum Camber: 4.4934 % @0.41CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.16 %CUpper nose radius: 1.0723 %CLower nose radius: -1.0158e-005 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 7.0474 degRelease Angle: 6.589 degNose Incidence: 18.1449 degCamber deflection: 24.7339 deg


Table 1451: Base 64 representation:J9aYgHMBECFwJqE





368

Profile: goe217





Table 1455: Base 64 representation:9ATO wAKeUg-K6T





369

Profile: goe222





Table 1459: Base 64 representation:K2ZW awNMSkkS6I





370

Profile: goe223



Table 1461: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 18.5405 % @0.3CMaximum Camber: 5.9037 % @0.54CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.2 %CUpper nose radius: -0.066341 %CLower nose radius: 0.84704 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 24.5075 degRelease Angle: 19.1941 degNose Incidence: 14.0783 degCamber deflection: 33.2724 deg


Table 1463: Base 64 representation:A7ZX8qHNYVBws-F





371

Profile: goe225





Table 1467: Base 64 representation:PyZe3 RFQKIqD1P





372

Profile: goe226





Table 1471: Base 64 representation:I4ZZ7 UFTKM1G0F


Control points Base64RMS position error: 11.047 12.016 ectsRMS curvature error: 75.48 78.02 %CD error 2.9 3 dctsCm error 19 38 mctsUpper transition point 2.42 2.08 %



373

Profile: goe227





Table 1475: Base 64 representation:G1aF7 QFSL iH7I


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.79 7.059 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0.4 0.4 dctsCm error -8 -11 mctsUpper transition point 4.14 4.25 %



374

Profile: goe229





Table 1479: Base 64 representation:A-ZC-hRNZV9yQ1F





375

Profile: goe233

Information: Gottingen 233 (MVA CA4) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1483: Base 64 representation:XrZay NGSJB1A3I





376

Profile: goe234

Information: Gottingen 234 (MVA CA5) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1487: Base 64 representation:PyZb59AGULB3C7T


Control points Base64RMS position error: 8.074 12.062 ectsRMS curvature error: 83.73 85.33 %CD error -1.2 -0.5 dctsCm error -95 -70 mctsUpper transition point -3.25 -4 %



377

Profile: goe239





Table 1491: Base 64 representation:G6ZAu UFQI52MxL


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.568 6.84 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -0.1 0.2 dctsCm error 21 23 mctsUpper transition point 1.86 1.35 %



378

Profile: goe240

Information: Gottingen 240 (KOLLER) airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 1493: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 6.8803 % @0.33CMaximum Camber: 5.1087 % @0.41CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.22 %CUpper nose radius: NaN %CLower nose radius: NaN %CBoat-Tail Angle: 10.1312 degRelease Angle: 8.2783 degNose Incidence: 15.0447 degCamber deflection: 23.323 deg


Table 1495: Base 64 representation:A-aPjaCBHEs5LsG





379

Profile: goe242

Information: Gottingen 242 (MVA PR.2) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1499: Base 64 representation:G4ZA-9AKcK-xD8K


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.715 6.972 ectsRMS curvature error: 28.91 28 %CD error -1.2 -0.6 dctsCm error -20 -11 mctsUpper transition point -0.94 -1.73 %



380

Profile: goe255

Information: Gottingen 255 (MVA CA.6) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1503: Base 64 representation:A8ZD6TpNSW90WtN





381

Profile: goe256

Information: Gottingen 256 (JUNKERS E) airfoiReference: UIUC




Table 1507: Base 64 representation:A9ZW1 qNAQXtflG





382

Profile: goe257





Table 1511: Base 64 representation:SlTLjDEBFE 2Kog





383

Profile: goe264





Table 1515: Base 64 representation:RjTfl7ACEFK4EqQ





384

Profile: goe265





Table 1519: Base 64 representation:WsTKt7ACIE7 GuF


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.001 9.494 ectsRMS curvature error: 52.85 60.76 %CD error -0.2 -2 dctsCm error -61 -55 mctsUpper transition point 1.1 0.53 %



385

Profile: goe269





Table 1523: Base 64 representation:alTNi8ACEG94HqP


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.105 7.954 ectsRMS curvature error: 40.95 40.89 %CD error -0.1 0 dctsCm error -21 -15 mctsUpper transition point -1.23 -1.52 %



386

Profile: goe276

Information: Gottingen 276 (DAIMLER VII) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1527: Base 64 representation:K0TAgalBAE oLrU


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.412 5.468 ectsRMS curvature error: 68.01 70.09 %CD error 75 -60.7 dctsCm error -2 37 mctsUpper transition point 4.82 3.6 %



387

Profile: goe277

Information: Gottingen 277 (DAIMLER VIII) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1531: Base 64 representation:OvTUkyNCEEgzMqI


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.86 6.136 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -4.6 -5 dctsCm error -9 8 mctsUpper transition point 3.38 2.99 %



388

Profile: goe278

Information: Gottingen 278 (DAIMLER IX) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1535: Base 64 representation:YnTshssBBEY4MqF


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.266 6.932 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 11.4 7 dctsCm error -19 -9 mctsUpper transition point 4.28 2.61 %



389

Profile: goe279

Information: Gottingen 279 (DAIMLER X) airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 1537: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 7.4413 % @0.28CMaximum Camber: 4.7096 % @0.32CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.37 %CUpper nose radius: 1.9881 %CLower nose radius: NaN %CBoat-Tail Angle: 11.766 degRelease Angle: 7.9453 degNose Incidence: 21.7037 degCamber deflection: 29.649 deg


Table 1539: Base 64 representation:soTDjHDBCC 3NsJ





390

Profile: goe280

Information: Gottingen 280 (DAIMLER XI) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1543: Base 64 representation:A TgjHLBADBeJqU





391

Profile: goe281

Information: Gottingen 281 (DAIMLER XII)Reference: UIUC




Table 1547: Base 64 representation:HzTFj4GBCE tLrN


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.284 8.063 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -59.1 4.9 dctsCm error 4 -39 mctsUpper transition point -6.63 -6.3 %



392

Profile: goe282

Information: Gottingen 282 (DAIMLER XIII)Reference: UIUC




Table 1551: Base 64 representation:MwTfn-VFFGR3PuQ





393

Profile: goe284





Table 1555: Base 64 representation:efTT6XxHJTy3ToP





394

Profile: goe285





Table 1559: Base 64 representation:YqTco ZGALCSUhI





395

Profile: goe286





Table 1563: Base 64 representation:RvTWktzDDGByMoN





396

Profile: goe287





Table 1567: Base 64 representation:A8aLn YCBEsmHoN





397

Profile: goe288





Table 1571: Base 64 representation:TmTI5vjKRT 0QuP





398

Profile: goe289

Information: Gottingen 289 (MVA 289) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1575: Base 64 representation:RiTJ77OGRP 1VvA





399

Profile: goe290

Information: Gottingen 290 (MVA 290) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1579: Base 64 representation:aiTG09GNJX 2UnP





400

Profile: goe298

Information: Gttingen 298 profileReference: UIUC




Table 1583: Base 64 representation:ivZPrysFESD3EiP





401

Profile: goe300

Information: Gottingen 300 (Friedrichshafen G20) airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 1585: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 8.8583 % @0.27CMaximum Camber: 6.5118 % @0.35CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.18 %CUpper nose radius: 2.8897 %CLower nose radius: 3.1318e-006 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 10.2588 degRelease Angle: 9.0311 degNose Incidence: 27.5136 degCamber deflection: 36.5447 deg


Table 1587: Base 64 representation:fiTJtIBCCE 5LuF





402

Profile: goe301

Information: Gottingen 301 (Friedrichshafen G 13) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1591: Base 64 representation:sgSgw9FCBFSxMuI





403

Profile: goe303





Table 1595: Base 64 representation:D-aEs9ACHF04PvL


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.178 10.011 ectsRMS curvature error: 39.57 43.27 %CD error 1 -1 dctsCm error -40 -61 mctsUpper transition point -1.32 -0.44 %



404

Profile: goe304





Table 1599: Base 64 representation:L6ZNs-MCDHn1OvG


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.015 9.481 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 2.5 -0.3 dctsCm error -36 -13 mctsUpper transition point -1.61 -1.88 %



405

Profile: goe320

Information: Gottingen 320 (Hansa-Brandenburg II.1) airfoilReference: UIUC


Table 1601: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 12.5694 % @0.26CMaximum Camber: 6.1371 % @0.35CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.53 %CUpper nose radius: -Inf %CLower nose radius: 3.0681 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 12.0108 degRelease Angle: 7.138 degNose Incidence: 21.7854 degCamber deflection: 28.9234 deg


Table 1603: Base 64 representation:B-TZ0-MCDJ08NrN





406

Profile: goe325





Table 1607: Base 64 representation:IyTFk6UCEE33MqI





407

Profile: goe326





Table 1611: Base 64 representation:VoTTk9HCEFv3KpI





408

Profile: goe328





Table 1615: Base 64 representation:SmTUj YCCGv5JoN





409

Profile: goe329





Table 1619: Base 64 representation:RlTXs5HBDFk5NrP


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.117 5.429 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 32.5 -23.6 dctsCm error -23 32 mctsUpper transition point 1.42 -1.82 %



410

Profile: goe331





Table 1623: Base 64 representation:H9aDz-BBBF84RwH


Control points Base64RMS position error: 6.707 10.752 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -15.6 NaN dctsCm error -33 NaN mctsUpper transition point 1.14 NaN %



411

Profile: goe332





Table 1627: Base 64 representation:D5ZVz mDFHHwl I





412

Profile: goe335

Information: Gottingen 335 (D.F.W.) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1631: Base 64 representation:NtTHi-bCHD -KqA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.072 7.639 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 15.4 -16 dctsCm error -6 27 mctsUpper transition point -8.38 7.21 %



413

Profile: goe342





Table 1635: Base 64 representation:P1aMkxHBBD8sHwI


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.138 4.646 ectsRMS curvature error: 27.8 28.03 %CD error NaN 88.1 dctsCm error NaN 56 mctsUpper transition point 32.55 -4.42 %



414

Profile: goe346

Information: Gottingen 346 (Friedrichshafen-Staaken) airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1639: Base 64 representation:F-aJc-BBBE46JpJ


Control points Base64RMS position error: 6.951 9.356 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error NaN 16.7 dctsCm error NaN -62 mctsUpper transition point 47.1 8.26 %



415

Profile: goe358





Table 1643: Base 64 representation:seTIo3XGVK 5IyI





416

Profile: goe359



Table 1645: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 8.0938 % @0.24CMaximum Camber: 5.7649 % @0.34CTrailing Edge Gap: 0.15 %CUpper nose radius: 0.56337 %CLower nose radius: 2.0224e-005 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 5.4258 degRelease Angle: 6.1973 degNose Incidence: 14.0295 degCamber deflection: 20.2268 deg


Table 1647: Base 64 representation:MtTsoBKBIDB GpE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 6.467 7.72 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 6.9 -1.4 dctsCm error 50 51 mctsUpper transition point -3.95 -4.55 %



417

Profile: goe360





Table 1651: Base 64 representation:PpTYt3NBBEZ7KqF


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.424 8.513 ectsRMS curvature error: 74.85 75.96 %CD error 43 36.5 dctsCm error -14 -16 mctsUpper transition point 3.77 -3.07 %



418

Profile: goe361





Table 1655: Base 64 representation:GxTbk3NBDEGsFsA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.992 5.696 ectsRMS curvature error: 90.08 85.46 %CD error -0.8 6.7 dctsCm error -25 -24 mctsUpper transition point 3.81 2.68 %



419

Profile: goe362





Table 1659: Base 64 representation:egTJjTpCIC-vHtA





420

Profile: goe363





Table 1663: Base 64 representation:I4TYu4UFGGl3OtD





421

Profile: goe364





Table 1667: Base 64 representation:soTNygsBGDy4PtA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.703 7.216 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1.9 -4 dctsCm error -45 -11 mctsUpper transition point 1.09 -0.45 %



422

Profile: goe365





Table 1671: Base 64 representation:WrTVu0fCAEy5SrA





423

Profile: goe366





Table 1675: Base 64 representation:bgTU6yNBCHz0UxI


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.628 5.439 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -191.8 NaN dctsCm error 63 NaN mctsUpper transition point -10.2 NaN %



424

Profile: goe367





Table 1679: Base 64 representation:RwZY14VGzQGZSqI





425

Profile: goe368



Table 1681: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 7.2974 % @0.17CMaximum Camber: 3.7096 % @0.33CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: -Inf %CLower nose radius: 0.1362 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 7.2051 degRelease Angle: 5.2111 degNose Incidence: 17.5778 degCamber deflection: 22.789 deg


Table 1683: Base 64 representation:B9TPfsRFFHG7IoA





426

Profile: goe369





Table 1687: Base 64 representation:tWTOiNBBDA99HqA





427

Profile: goe371

Information: Gttingen 371 AirfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1691: Base 64 representation:cgTPh5NBID95KqA





428

Profile: goe372

Information: Gttingen 372 ProfileReference: UIUC




Table 1695: Base 64 representation:D0aDfgyDGF91JrA





429

Profile: goe373

Information: Gttingen 373 ProfileReference: UIUC




Table 1699: Base 64 representation:KyTFissBBE zIrA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.899 5.061 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error NaN -65.7 dctsCm error NaN 15 mctsUpper transition point NaN 0.18 %



430

Profile: goe374





Table 1703: Base 64 representation:J3TDgssBBC9 KpA





431

Profile: goe381

Information: Gttingen 381Reference: UIUC




Table 1707: Base 64 representation:E0TslggBBCU8HqE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 9.044 9.729 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 56.6 -4 dctsCm error -14 -30 mctsUpper transition point 5.41 5.34 %



432

Profile: goe383





Table 1711: Base 64 representation:pSSV R-NYWyrYpI





433

Profile: goe385





Table 1715: Base 64 representation:RsTLm FCAE 5NoL





434

Profile: goe387





Table 1719: Base 64 representation:shTN1e8GKM 3TrA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.549 5.216 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -1 -0.9 dctsCm error -36 -46 mctsUpper transition point -0.51 -1.01 %



435

Profile: goe389





Table 1723: Base 64 representation:SnTKmrxGMI70OpF





436

Profile: goe392





Table 1727: Base 64 representation:BwaTo1NKLFSlUyA





437

Profile: goe393





Table 1731: Base 64 representation:XpTMe3xDBG05EmD


Control points Base64RMS position error: 8.54 10.952 ectsRMS curvature error: 91.73 95.63 %CD error -0.3 0.6 dctsCm error -119 -139 mctsUpper transition point 3.19 3.05 %



438

Profile: goe394





Table 1735: Base 64 representation:ccTgj3OCIF94DrE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 7.722 10.136 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1 -0.1 dctsCm error -63 -65 mctsUpper transition point -2.41 -3.16 %



439

Profile: goe395





Table 1739: Base 64 representation:UsaYo6ICKFt8EvE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 9.631 13.103 ectsRMS curvature error: 95.3 Inf %CD error -1.5 4.4 dctsCm error -20 -27 mctsUpper transition point 1.02 1.1 %



440

Profile: goe396





Table 1743: Base 64 representation:KuaVhftBICY4ItA





441

Profile: goe397





Table 1747: Base 64 representation:TqaJcglBGD37HoA





442

Profile: goe398





Table 1751: Base 64 representation:mcTOx3bKIL3yTrA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.031 4.707 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 2.2 2.9 dctsCm error -52 -33 mctsUpper transition point 0.84 -0.79 %



443

Profile: goe399





Table 1755: Base 64 representation:YeTQgfhCGE44KpA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.897 5.951 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -0.2 NaN dctsCm error -52 NaN mctsUpper transition point -1.35 NaN %



444

Profile: goe400





Table 1759: Base 64 representation:XmTQg8ACHFz5FpC


Control points Base64RMS position error: 6.372 10.667 ectsRMS curvature error: 71.98 73.55 %CD error -0.3 0.5 dctsCm error -92 -73 mctsUpper transition point 1.52 1 %



445

Profile: goe402



Table 1761: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 6.8344 % @0.27CMaximum Camber: 5.6931 % @0.32CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.82092 %CLower nose radius: 7.8343e-006 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 6.5388 degRelease Angle: 6.8826 degNose Incidence: 18.2916 degCamber deflection: 25.1742 deg


Table 1763: Base 64 representation:PuTYmIHBECE8HqA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.218 6.897 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 2.9 -0.4 dctsCm error -5 3 mctsUpper transition point -0.1 -0.55 %



446

Profile: goe403





Table 1767: Base 64 representation:JnTJg YDGE 2JqA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.8 4.009 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0.7 2 dctsCm error -3 3 mctsUpper transition point -1.2 -2.24 %



447

Profile: goe405





Table 1771: Base 64 representation:B4aFy WFFG73SwA





448

Profile: goe409



Table 1773: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 12.6576 % @0.34CMaximum Camber: -0.12769 % @0.04CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 1.5858 %CLower nose radius: 2.076 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 8.0583 degRelease Angle: -5.2803 degNose Incidence: -2.7304 degCamber deflection: -8.0107 deg


Table 1775: Base 64 representation:wPTkb JaCbI6JXA





449

Profile: goe410





Table 1779: Base 64 representation:S5TNhS5TNhYYKgA





450

Profile: goe411



Table 1781: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 13.2 % @0.3CMaximum Camber: -0.0091147 % @0.93CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 0.088551 %CLower nose radius: 0.088551 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 0 degRelease Angle: -0.43625 degNose Incidence: 0 degCamber deflection: -0.43625 deg

Table 1782: Controlpoints1 00.9991 -6.8401e-0060.68234 -0.0660.3 -0.0660.073127 -0.0660 -0.00657040 00 0.00657040.073127 0.0660.3 0.0660.68234 0.0660.99682 -2.4187e-0051 0

Table 1783: Base 64 representation:GvTicGvTicBAAfA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.058 4.568 ectsRMS curvature error: 31.81 32.03 %CD error -5.5 2.4 dctsCm error -14 14 mctsUpper transition point 7.42 -6.29 %



451

Profile: goe413





Table 1787: Base 64 representation:gcTY0a7KLVtZKtE





452

Profile: goe414





Table 1791: Base 64 representation:A3ZDxVwGLL93UtF


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.047 8.447 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -9.4 -9 dctsCm error -68 -81 mctsUpper transition point 12 11.12 %



453

Profile: goe416a

Information: Gottingen 416A airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1795: Base 64 representation:blTYsHrTRVVzJlH





454

Profile: goe417




Table 1798: Controlpoints1 00.12039 0.0781380.11095 -0.005920.0125 -0.005920.011977 -0.005920 -8.716e-0050 00 0.0149380.061033 0.088450.3 0.088450.41323 0.088450.64731 0.088451 0

Table 1799: Base 64 representation:LyTKlBDBGD -KvA





455

Profile: goe418





Table 1803: Base 64 representation:vVTIuzZFFP-3PrA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.265 6.278 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -1 -0.3 dctsCm error -12 -24 mctsUpper transition point 1 -0.04 %



456

Profile: goe419



Table 1805: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 5.608 % @0.39CMaximum Camber: 3.9462 % @0.4CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 4.1458e-005 %CLower nose radius: 0.17586 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 10.8862 degRelease Angle: 7.2801 degNose Incidence: 4.0323 degCamber deflection: 11.3124 deg


Table 1807: Base 64 representation:AzaWsoqCGCU-MrA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 5.879 7.741 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 45.8 -1 dctsCm error 12 25 mctsUpper transition point 3.16 3.23 %



457

Profile: goe420





Table 1811: Base 64 representation:seTb34WNOaubSsA





458

Profile: goe423





Table 1815: Base 64 representation:ajZH53nKVRxTarE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.67 7.207 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -1.3 -0.8 dctsCm error -52 -44 mctsUpper transition point 0.55 -0.42 %



459

Profile: goe424





Table 1819: Base 64 representation:G6ZE-rTUPXtpsrE





460

Profile: goe425





Table 1823: Base 64 representation:fXTW0S-NVQxzQoD





461

Profile: goe426





Table 1827: Base 64 representation:WfTRvy7NTL1gLsA





462

Profile: goe427





Table 1831: Base 64 representation:NvaCgAHBIC6 LuA





463

Profile: goe428





Table 1835: Base 64 representation:PnTOmhkCJD30LsA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.016 6.394 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1 2.8 dctsCm error 4 -3 mctsUpper transition point -2.9 -4.15 %



464

Profile: goe430





Table 1839: Base 64 representation:H4ZGt0QHTR7iKzG


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.871 5.724 ectsRMS curvature error: 31 30.67 %CD error -6.6 -6.8 dctsCm error -20 -8 mctsUpper transition point 6 5.87 %



465

Profile: goe431





Table 1843: Base 64 representation:B7aRxscGJK6lK5A





466

Profile: goe432





Table 1847: Base 64 representation:TxTLhnMCMEu4NsA





467

Profile: goe433





Table 1851: Base 64 representation:kYTU1shKTX2kKwE


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.434 8.148 ectsRMS curvature error: 48.61 47.23 %CD error 5.8 2 dctsCm error -11 -10 mctsUpper transition point -10.67 -4.93 %



468

Profile: goe436





Table 1855: Base 64 representation:WqTMm YFCK04QoA





469

Profile: goe437





Table 1859: Base 64 representation:NoTRiFnCJDy3KrA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.913 4.188 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 1 2 dctsCm error -18 0 mctsUpper transition point -2.28 -3.36 %



470

Profile: goe438





Table 1863: Base 64 representation:XpTMm3NDFK34QoA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.627 5.88 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -0.4 -0.2 dctsCm error -3 7 mctsUpper transition point -0.78 -1.13 %



471

Profile: goe439





Table 1867: Base 64 representation:OoTOmLmCLD46LsA





472

Profile: goe442





Table 1871: Base 64 representation:WuTKhnMCMEx4MsA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.832 4.802 ectsRMS curvature error: 47.67 48.23 %CD error 0 -0.7 dctsCm error 39 -43 mctsUpper transition point 0.02 -0.2 %



473

Profile: goe445





Table 1875: Base 64 representation:YuaFOYuaFOrrMgA





474

Profile: goe446





Table 1879: Base 64 representation:PuZX13ZDFKavUxI





475

Profile: goe447





Table 1883: Base 64 representation:OtZK83nDGI34TzI





476

Profile: goe449





Table 1887: Base 64 representation:TxaL63cKXQ3LYuA





477

Profile: goe450





Table 1891: Base 64 representation:TsaGo3sCJF7yOuF





478

Profile: goe456





Table 1895: Base 64 representation:B1aEk3UFHD8xLuA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.046 3.919 ectsRMS curvature error: 36.85 45.31 %CD error -0.7 0 dctsCm error -13 -14 mctsUpper transition point 1.3 1.89 %



479

Profile: goe457





Table 1899: Base 64 representation:UuTGh2mDIF1yNsA





480

Profile: goe458





Table 1903: Base 64 representation:B1aEkA-FHD7xLuA





481

Profile: goe459



Table 1905: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 12.7 % @0.3CMaximum Camber: 1.199e-005 % @0.89CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 1.3727 %CLower nose radius: 1.3727 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 18.9222 degRelease Angle: 0.0022627 degNose Incidence: 0 degCamber deflection: 0.0022627 deg


Table 1907: Base 64 representation:fpTgbfpTgbCCVgA





482

Profile: goe460





Table 1911: Base 64 representation:coTJrcoTJr–fgA





483

Profile: goe464





Table 1915: Base 64 representation:epTWz XCFDf9E1A


Control points Base64RMS position error: 12.542 11.851 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 29.5 NaN dctsCm error -6 NaN mctsUpper transition point 0.73 NaN %



484

Profile: goe477





Table 1919: Base 64 representation:L1aZpVsDKGr3NqA





485

Profile: goe478





Table 1923: Base 64 representation:pSTTtwuGEO33TqA





486

Profile: goe479





Table 1927: Base 64 representation:kZTNo1bGKL5qQqA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.481 5.862 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 3.8 3.1 dctsCm error 0 -10 mctsUpper transition point -5.79 -6.4 %



487

Profile: goe480





Table 1931: Base 64 representation:B-aEu GDJK81PsA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.43 6.027 ectsRMS curvature error: 55.95 54.51 %CD error 0.8 0.3 dctsCm error -17 -11 mctsUpper transition point -1.14 0.44 %



488

Profile: goe481a

Information: Gottingen 481A airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 1935: Base 64 representation:F-ZF2 OFETu4l5A





489

Profile: goe483





Table 1939: Base 64 representation:NpTUippCHC25GsA





490

Profile: goe484





Table 1943: Base 64 representation:esaHh bCGF6mKxA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.663 5.104 ectsRMS curvature error: 55.82 57.54 %CD error 0.1 -4.2 dctsCm error -16 -28 mctsUpper transition point -0.51 -1.26 %



491

Profile: goe492





Table 1947: Base 64 representation:RhaechvFMFSpKqA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.534 5.472 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 2.8 NaN dctsCm error 0 NaN mctsUpper transition point -8.92 NaN %



492

Profile: goe493





Table 1951: Base 64 representation:ZkZbsUuNZUSwTrA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.22 6.373 ectsRMS curvature error: 27.13 25.94 %CD error 0 -0.3 dctsCm error -9 -25 mctsUpper transition point 2.78 2.75 %



493

Profile: goe494





Table 1955: Base 64 representation:UhaNeAQBMD8qGwA





494

Profile: goe495





Table 1959: Base 64 representation:akaeh7ODLFHmIxA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.309 5.002 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf 60.57 %CD error -0.5 0.7 dctsCm error -1 1 mctsUpper transition point -1.45 -1.27 %



495

Profile: goe496





Table 1963: Base 64 representation:OyaOn9DFNKnkKxA





496

Profile: goe497





Table 1967: Base 64 representation:P0aLthlGRO1oMxA





497

Profile: goe498





Table 1971: Base 64 representation:hsZG23WKPRzkQzA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.625 7.348 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0.9 2.4 dctsCm error 3 15 mctsUpper transition point 0.35 -0.16 %



498

Profile: goe499





Table 1975: Base 64 representation:LoaWk3yDJF0hF1A





499

Profile: goe500





Table 1979: Base 64 representation:Voafr3ZFLIUfDzA





500

Profile: goe501





Table 1983: Base 64 representation:XtaZy3LGMLZkKzA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.941 8.196 ectsRMS curvature error: 44.3 46.48 %CD error 1.5 1.3 dctsCm error 19 -2 mctsUpper transition point 1.49 2.23 %



501

Profile: goe502





Table 1987: Base 64 representation:YsZG49IHQS2oR0A





502

Profile: goe504





Table 1991: Base 64 representation:C5ZA7ghNDS 3ZsA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 6.081 9 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -7.6 -7.5 dctsCm error 6 8 mctsUpper transition point 0.42 0.14 %



503

Profile: goe506





Table 1995: Base 64 representation:MtTY1WoNIS4CXvA





504

Profile: goe508





Table 1999: Base 64 representation:B-aT6ouGGPH3QnA





505

Profile: goe517




Table 2002: Controlpoints1 00.18236 0.0273010.082356 -0.007120.05 -0.007120.0185 -0.007120 -0.00647920 00 0.00302288.52e-005 0.0810.4 0.0810.42669 0.0810.65926 0.071281 0

Table 2003: Base 64 representation:C aDi5nDCD34LqA





506

Profile: goe526





Table 2007: Base 64 representation:pVTUq3eGDN3JYkA





507

Profile: goe527





Table 2011: Base 64 representation:ggTO63jKMN4pUsA





508

Profile: goe528





Table 2015: Base 64 representation:gsTOz8VDMG3wPuA





509

Profile: goe529





Table 2019: Base 64 representation:WiTOs3pDGF39MsA





510

Profile: goe532





Table 2023: Base 64 representation:ySTVup4KPJEmKsA





511

Profile: goe533





Table 2027: Base 64 representation:cjTKwf7KeL5xKtA





512

Profile: goe534





Table 2031: Base 64 representation:s0TSw3PGSNC5GqA





513

Profile: goe535





Table 2035: Base 64 representation:mhTT4zsKVPY0NzA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.843 8.773 ectsRMS curvature error: 25.62 25.67 %CD error 2.8 3 dctsCm error -73 -77 mctsUpper transition point 0.93 1 %



514

Profile: goe546





Table 2039: Base 64 representation:ZraJjm1NNK0kOrA





515

Profile: goe547





Table 2043: Base 64 representation:VnZhls7KNLDtPrA





516

Profile: goe548





Table 2047: Base 64 representation:PtaTiK8TNRrgVoA





517

Profile: goe549





Table 2051: Base 64 representation:ViTPwwvNPM6pPqA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.298 6.025 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -0.4 0.5 dctsCm error 7 14 mctsUpper transition point -4.34 -5.55 %



518

Profile: goe550





Table 2055: Base 64 representation:H5aQq3XKGSXnRvA





519

Profile: goe553





Table 2059: Base 64 representation:eiTKwf7KeL6xKtA





520

Profile: goe559



Table 2061: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 11.15 % @0.3CMaximum Camber: 3.4253 % @0.31CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: NaN %CLower nose radius: NaN %CBoat-Tail Angle: 12.5014 degRelease Angle: 4.5254 degNose Incidence: 5.223 degCamber deflection: 9.7484 deg

Table 2062: Controlpoints1 00.98069 -0.000581650.53892 -0.02150.3 -0.02150.15831 -0.02150 00 00 00.17352 0.090.3 0.090.377 0.090.52713 0.091 0

Table 2063: Base 64 representation:AbTHlAeTWJ DOmA





521

Profile: goe563





Table 2067: Base 64 representation:F-Zbc9cKQLK8OmA





522

Profile: goe564





Table 2071: Base 64 representation:F-aKsyPFDJ04QoA





523

Profile: goe565





Table 2075: Base 64 representation:D-aFs7gKNJ8qMpA





524

Profile: goe567





Table 2079: Base 64 representation:TtZTy2bKTQNsPyA





525

Profile: goe575





Table 2083: Base 64 representation:hkTOr3eKTPy1-nA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 10.887 13.646 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -5 -4.8 dctsCm error 96 111 mctsUpper transition point -0.3 -0.58 %



526

Profile: goe584





Table 2087: Base 64 representation:K5aSu3kGHLE2LmA





527

Profile: goe591





Table 2091: Base 64 representation:VkTQs3eFJH39QrA





528

Profile: goe592





Table 2095: Base 64 representation:jiZZ93eDEJQrSxA





529

Profile: goe595





Table 2099: Base 64 representation:XiTTgjuNNI3hRpA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.434 4.053 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -3.1 NaN dctsCm error 13 NaN mctsUpper transition point -2.65 NaN %



530

Profile: goe596





Table 2103: Base 64 representation:sfTNlz5FIH33NoA





531

Profile: goe598





Table 2107: Base 64 representation:OzZOS3eTOLrzJiF


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.48 4.965 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 10.2 -9.5 dctsCm error 2 -14 mctsUpper transition point -9.71 9.41 %



532

Profile: goe599





Table 2111: Base 64 representation:fkZcbU4TLQMrUoJ





533

Profile: goe600





Table 2115: Base 64 representation:I6ZUiJ8TMVhsQkN


Control points Base64RMS position error: 1.927 3.268 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -7 -6.6 dctsCm error -6 3 mctsUpper transition point 10.86 10 %



534

Profile: goe601





Table 2119: Base 64 representation:N1ZLrW2UJa63YnA





535

Profile: goe602





Table 2123: Base 64 representation:B7aBi sNGJ-SOsA





536

Profile: goe602m

Information: Gottingen 602 airfoil, modified.Reference: UIUC


Table 2125: Geometrical propertiesMaximum Thickness: 9.4909 % @0.29CMaximum Camber: 3.8273 % @0.47CTrailing Edge Gap: 0 %CUpper nose radius: 4.9258e-005 %CLower nose radius: 0.50541 %CBoat-Tail Angle: 11.7521 degRelease Angle: 8.3513 degNose Incidence: 7.1366 degCamber deflection: 15.4879 deg

Table 2126: Controlpoints1 00.588 0.017810.33957 -0.019250.15 -0.019250.10976 -0.019250 -0.0192310 00 8.3e-0050.020978 0.0830.4 0.0830.40006 0.0830.67297 0.0829171 0

Table 2127: Base 64 representation:A8aAi RKOI nNtA





537

Profile: goe604





Table 2131: Base 64 representation:TuTF8flKKR- UpA





538

Profile: goe610bm

Information: Gottingen 610-B MOD airfoilReference: UIUC




Table 2135: Base 64 representation:XgTOmNFBHD9qHtU





539

Profile: goe611





Table 2139: Base 64 representation:YjTMz ACBD aTtQ


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.912 8.356 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -2.7 -3.2 dctsCm error 18 21 mctsUpper transition point 0.02 -0.88 %



540

Profile: goe613





Table 2143: Base 64 representation:E1TPm43FAG3BSqA





541

Profile: goe615





Table 2147: Base 64 representation:cnTTzzqGNKt0StA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.444 4.759 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 3 3.3 dctsCm error 1 13 mctsUpper transition point -3.86 -4.02 %



542

Profile: goe617





Table 2151: Base 64 representation:lbTKm4VTKU 3YiA





543

Profile: goe619





Table 2155: Base 64 representation:PwTNtyiKJQ-yRsA





544

Profile: goe620




Table 2158: Controlpoints1 00.4974 0.00440940.32798 -0.042780.15 -0.042780.071759 -0.042780 -0.0341240 00 00 0.14210.4 0.14210.45712 0.14210.65239 0.130761 0

Table 2159: Base 64 representation:A aG8ygKNS6vWwA





545

Profile: goe621





Table 2163: Base 64 representation:E-ZSz-ZKMQc2TsA





546

Profile: goe622





Table 2167: Base 64 representation:A aEbyjKGI00MmF





547

Profile: goe623





Table 2171: Base 64 representation:C-aEo2BGLL12RoI





548

Profile: goe624





Table 2175: Base 64 representation:ffTV35gKEOt2TqN





549

Profile: goe626

Information: Gottingen 626 profileReference: UIUC




Table 2179: Base 64 representation:hfTeypXKMYNqQyA





550

Profile: goe627

Information: Gottingen 627 airfoil.Reference: UIUC




Table 2183: Base 64 representation:G9TLyW2TfQzNcqA





551

Profile: goe628





Table 2187: Base 64 representation:bpTI4WyKNR 2RuA





552

Profile: goe629





Table 2191: Base 64 representation:R2ZDnuaKEU5-VoA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 3.963 6.302 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 2.2 -1.8 dctsCm error 8 13 mctsUpper transition point -1.25 0.48 %



553

Profile: goe630





Table 2195: Base 64 representation:WiTN6wQCHG zPxA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 2.378 6.993 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error 0.4 -2.1 dctsCm error -35 -27 mctsUpper transition point 1.1 1.02 %



554

Profile: goe645





Table 2199: Base 64 representation:QxTFzXvKLR 2QrA





555

Profile: goe646





Table 2203: Base 64 representation:O4ZG3ycNMazfUxA


Control points Base64RMS position error: 4.675 5.427 ectsRMS curvature error: Inf Inf %CD error -0.2 0 dctsCm error -16 -21 mctsUpper transition point 0.16 0.51 %



556

Profile: goe647





Table 2207: Base 64 representation:K2TR4-FKNPj2TsA





557

Profile: goe648





Table 2211: Base 64 representation:S3TXwW4NTRelUrA





558

Profile: goe650





Table 2215: Base 64 representation:I9ZErysKQS8zQvA





559

Profile: goe654





Table 2219: Base 64 representation:C4TG0n6KRK9xQrA





560

Profile: goe655





Table 2223: Base 64 representation:B7TVv8KKONbxSrA





561

cover art wing profiles are, top to bottom

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