cover page front...table 6.2 population in telangana state according to 2011 census population...

CHAPTER - 6

AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS

The discovery of agriculture was the first big

step towards a civilized life.”

Arthur Keith

Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India

This chapter discuss on variation in population

growth leading to food security issues. High lights

about land Utilization Pattern, rainfall, Cropping

Intensity, irrigation sources, Labour Force,

Livestock, poultry population and on Fisheries. It

focuses on area, production and productivity of

major agricultural crops and horticultural crops,

more emphasis on area under fodder crops, agro-

forestry and Organic farming.

This chapter also focuses on the impact due to

Fertilizer consumption, Pesticide consumption, etc

and on case studies. It focuses on seed production

and supply and promotion of new varieties

through new technology. It also talks about

various Government programmes, initiatives and

schemes such as Mission Bhagheeratha, Grama

Jyothi, Telangana PallePragathi, Mission Kakatiya,

Rashtriya Krishi Viaks Yojana, Mana Vooru- Mana

Kurgayalu Programme, etc, New Initiatives for

Sustainable Agriculture Development, Policy

implications. Key challenges and recommended

actions and good practices are discussed.

Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India

22State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.18


115State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp. 6

CHAPTER 6

AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS

6.0 Introduction

6.1 Driving Factors

The new State of Telangana is with a geographical area of 1, 12,077sq km and population of 350.04 lakh

(2011 census). The State is bordered by Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh in the north, Karnataka in the west

and Andhra Pradesh in the south and the east. The State is strategically located in the Deccan plateau in a

semi-arid region. The climate is predominantly hot and dry.

Two major perennial rivers - the Krishna and the Godavari are passing through the State. The catchment

area of Godavari lying in the State is 79% and that of the Krishna is 68.5%. Despite a large proportion of the

catchment area of the two major rivers lying in the State, the present utilization of these river waters in the

State is much below the potential because of the neglect of the region in the erstwhile State of Andhra

Pradesh.

A stable and high growth in agriculture sector is essential for uplifting the standard of living of the rural

population. However, one of the worrying features of the recent growth experience has been that of the

deceleration in agriculture growth. The Agriculture sector has been experiencing negative growth in the

last two years, on account of consecutive drought and structural rigidity. Crops sector per se was badly

affected due to these reasons and recorded a negative growth of 18.2%. However, growth in primary sector

was partially compensated by the positive growth registered in Livestock (12.2%), Fisheries (17.8%),

Mining and Quarrying (6.9%) sectors. Table 6.1 shows growth rates of agriculture and allied sectors based

on GVA at constant prices in Telangana state.

Table 6.1 Growth rates of agriculture and allied sectors based on GVA at constant prices in Telangana State

S. No. Item 2012-13

(SRE) 2013-14

(SRE) 2014-15

(FRE) 2015-16

(AE)

1 Crops 9.8 1.7 -14.2 -18.2

2 Livestock 8.0 2.3 8.2 12.2

3 Forestry and logging -0.6 -2.5 1.4 -2.7

4 Fishing and aquaculture 10.4 14.4 8.5 17.8

5 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 8.8 2.1 -5.3 -4.5

Source: Socio Economic Outlook 2016, Pg.No.12, Planning Department, Government of Telangana.

The share of agriculture sector in total GSDP has been declining steeply as compared to decline in

employment in agriculture sector. As per the 2011-12 prices, agriculture& allied activities share in total

GVA was 12.9 percent, whereas about 55.6 percent of total workforce is dependent on it.

In other words, more than half of the State's population is experiencing reduced income. Keeping the

drought conditions into consideration, the Government has prepared an Action Plan for mitigating the

adverse impact of drought through provision of input subsidy, augmenting fodder availability, livelihood

assistance etc.

The Government also realizes that there is an increased need for a second green revolution in order to

overcome the structural rigidities in the agricultural sector and to make farming more remunerative. This,

for instance, needs farmers to diversify towards production of non-cereals, protein-rich food products such

as milk, egg, etc. In this direction, Government of Telangana has given a lot of emphasis on horticulture and

animal husbandry. Telangana contributes significantly in the production of horticultural crops such as -

mango, red chilli, turmeric, vegetables etc., and production of milk and poultry products. In order to boost





growth in these sectors, the Government has launched five major schemes (i) micro-irrigation (ii)

greenhouses/polyhouses scheme (iii) farm mechanization (iv) Rs. 4 subsidy per litre milk to dairy farmers

(v) power subsidy to poultry farmers.

Irrigation is a critical determinant of agriculture productivity, especially in drought prone regions. In order

to increase area under irrigation, the Government has taken two major initiatives: (i) launching of 'Mission

Kakatiya' to repair and revive the existing tanks to their full potential, and (ii) according high priority to

complete all major irrigation projects to utilize the State's water share from major rivers, duly modifying

the design, wherever necessary, to suit the State's needs. Mission Kakatiya is a flagship program of the

Government, under which over 45,000 water bodies are planned to be rejuvenated in a phased manner. In

phase I of this Mission over 8200 tanks were taken up for restoration and the work has already been

completed on more than 6000 tanks. Now works have been taken up on 9000 tanks under Phase-II.

61.12% of people in the state reside in rural areas and 38.88% reside in urban areas (Table 6.2). The overall

growth of total population during the decade 2001 to 2011 is 13.58%, whereas it was 18.77% in the

preceding decade (Table 6.3). The growth of the population in urban areas has been witnessing a

significant increase. Urban population in the State grew by 38.12% during the decade 2001 to 2011 as

compared to the preceding decade (25.13%). In sharp contrast, rural population in the state grew by a

modest 2.13% as per the 2011 census. However it is much higher than the United Nations estimates of

world population growth at 1.23%. Around 30% of the total urban population is residing in the capital city

of Hyderabad alone. Due to increase in population in the state there is increase in the demand for food and if

this trend continues the demand for food grains will rise further in future. The Government should take

necessary initiatives keeping the demand projection into consideration.

6.1.1 Population growth

Table 6.2 Population in Telangana State according to 2011 census

Population Number in lakhs Percentage

Rural 213.95 61.12

Urban 136.09 38.88

Total 350.04 100.00

Source: Statistical Year Book 2016

Table 6.3 Variation in population from 1901 to 2011 census in Telangana State

Census

Years Persons

Variation since the Preceding

Census

Density

of Population

(perSq.km.) Absolute (Nos.) Percentage

1901 59,72,448 - - 52

1911 72,66,516 +1294068 +21.67 63

1921 69,91,433 -2,75,083 -3.79 61

1931 81,24,122 +11,32,689 +16.20 71

1941 93,46,269 +12,22,147 +15.04 81

1951 1,08,98,622 +15,52,353 +16.61 95

1961 1,26,94,581 +17,95,959 +16.48 111

1971 1,58,17,895 +31,23,314 +24.60 138

1981 2,01,82,438 +43,64,543 +27.59 176

1991 2,60,89,074 +59,06,636 +29.27 227

2001 3,09,87,271 +48,98,197 +18.77 270

2011 3,50,03,674 +40,16,403 +13.58 312

Source: Directorate of Census Operations,2011, Hyderabad.





6.1.2 Food Security

6.2 Pressure

6.2.1 Land Utilization

Enactment of the National Food Security Act has changed the food distribution scenario in the State, apart

from improving the nutritional levels. The Act seeks to make the right to food a legal entitlement by

providing subsidized food grains. In addition to the mandated coverage under the Act, State Government

has increased the coverage by relaxing eligibility criteria and providing additional rice at a cheaper rate.

Every eligible person is provided with 6 kilograms of rice per month without any ceiling for a family. The

Government is also providing “SannaBiyyam” (fine rice) to the students' at all social welfare hostels and

under Mid-Day meal scheme in the schools, which is now proposed to be extended to college students.

The Government has launched a massive drinking water supply scheme, “Mission Bhagheeratha”, with a

vision to provide tapped water connection to each and every household in all habitations. This pioneering

scheme has been commended by the Government of India for other States to emulate. Rural development

with public participation has become the focus of the Government. GramaJyothi scheme is aimed at rdempowering Gram Panchayats for the holistic development of the Panchayats in the spirit of 73

Constitutional Amendment. Telangana PallePragathi, focuses on improving livelihood opportunities of

poor rural households through intervention in five focal areas.

Telangana State covers a geographical area of over 112.07 lakh hectares, has about 39 percent under

agriculture and around 23 percent is under forest cover. Land put to non-agriculture uses is around 8

percent. Details of land utilization pattern during 2014-15 are given in the Figure 6.1.

1.1, 1% 1.8, 2%3, 3%

6.1, 5%

8.1, 7%

8.8, 8%

14, 12%

25.4, 23%

43.8, 39%

Land under misc. Tree crops & grovers

Culturable Waste

Permanent pastures and grazing lands

Barren & uncultivable land

Other fallow lands

Land put to non - agricultural uses

Current fallow lands

Forest area

Net area sown

Figure 6.1 Land Utilization Pattern in Telangana during 2014-15

Source: Socio Economic Outlook 2016, Pg.No.26, Planning Department, Government of Telangana

The pattern of land Utilization in Telangana (Table 6.4) indicates that both the total cropped area and net

sown area decreased in 2014-15 as compared to the previous year due to drought and low rainfall.

Accordingly, the area under current and other fallow land also increased. The land put to non-agricultural

uses and culturable waste increased from 824 to 884 thousand hectares and 170 to 182 thousand hectares

respectively from 2009-10 to 2014-15 which is of concern to meet the food security demand of the state.





Table 6.4 Pattern of land utilization in Telangana (Area in 000' hectares)

S. No Category 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

1. Forest Area 2743 2742 2742 2742 2540 2540

2. Barren and Uncultivable Land 617 617 616 616 607 607

3. Land put to Non Agricultural Uses 824 870 881 885 880 884

4. Culturable Waste 170 166 164 173 176 182

5. Permanent Pastures and other Grazing Lands 308 302 302 302 300 298

6. Land Under Misc. Tree Crops and Groves (not included in Net

Area Sown)

115 113 113 113 112 112

7. Current Fallow Lands 1937 1397 1236 1203 950 1400

8. Other Fallow Lands 807 780 825 790 716 805

9. Net Area Sown (including fish and prawn ponds) 3959 4492 4599 4653 4923 4376

10. Area sown more than once 939 1375 1102 1036 1320 938

11. Total cropped Area 4898 5867 5701 5690 6243 5315

Source: Statistical year Book 2015, 2016-pgno.91 Government of Telangana

6.2.2 Land Holdings and Operated Area

Land resource is a vital input for agriculture. Average landholding in Telangana in 2010-11 was 1.12

hectares (2.8 acres) as against the all India average of 1.16 hectares. There are 55.54 lakh operational

holdings with an area of 61.97 lakh ha. The number of operational holdings belonging to various categories

and the land operated by them (2010-11) is indicated in Table 6.4. Increase in population has put pressure,

leading to fragmentation of landholdings. As shown in Table 6.5 and 6.6, the share of marginal and small

landholdings constitutes about 86 percent of total landholdings in Telangana State in 2010-11, while their

share in total area was around 55 percent. About 14 percent of total landholdings in the State were medium,

ranging between 2 to 10 hectares, with 40.5 percent share in total area. District wise analysis shows that

average landholding size was less than one hectare in Nizamabad, Karimnagar, and Medak districts

showing skewed land distribution in the State, making agriculture a subsistence source of livelihood for the

majority of the population of the state. Average size of land holding is highest (1.40 ha) in Adilabad district

and lowest (0.92 ha) in Nizamabad district.

Table 6.5 Land holdings and area operated in Telangana 2010-11

Source: Statistical Year Book 2015, Pg.No. 87, DES, Government of Telangana

S. No Category Number of Holdings

(lakh Nos) Area Operated

(lakh ha)

Percentage

Number of Holdings Area Operated

1 Marginal 34.41 15.67 61.96 25.28

2 Small 13.27 18.69 23.90 30.17

3 Semi Medium 6.03 15.85 10.86 25.58

4 Medium 1.67 9.27 3.00 14.96

5 Large 0.16 2.49 0.28 4.01

Total 55.54 61.97 100.00 100.00

S. No.

District Marginal (Upto 1.0 ha)

Small (1.0 - 2.0 ha)

Medium (2.0 - 10.0 ha)

Large (10.0 ha &

above)

Avg. Land-

holding Size (ha)

Number (%)

Area (%)

Number (%)

Area (%)

Number (%)

Area (%)

Number (%)

Area (%)

1 Adilabad 49.8 16.9 27.7 28.3 22.1 50.1 0.4 4.8 1.40

2 Nizamabad 67.5 33.9 23.8 36.1 8.6 28.5 0.1 1.5 0.92 3 Karimnagar 67.5 30.9 21.9 31.8 10.5 34.7 0.2 2.6 0.96 4 Medak 67.9 29.9 21.7 31.3 10.0 34.4 0.3 4.4 0.97 5 Hyderabad 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 6 Rangareddy 58.3 23.5 25.7 29.4 15.6 42.0 0.4 5.1 1.22 7 Mahabubnagar 57.9 22.0 25.4 29.5 16.3 44.0 0.4 4.5 1.23 8 Nalgonda 58.8 23.1 25.3 29.9 15.6 43.4 0.3 3.6 1.19 9 Warangal 67.1 28.6 21.4 29.7 11.2 37.0 0.3 4.7 1.01

10 Khammam 62.2 25.6 22.6 27.6 14.9 42.6 0.3 4.3 1.14

Total 62.0 25.3 23.9 30.2 13.9 40.5 0.3 4.0 1.12

Table 6.6 Percentage distribution of landholdings and area operated according to size class, 2010-11





Source: Socio Economic Outlook 2016, 30, Planning Department, Government of TelanganaPg No.

Landholding pattern in Telangana is more evenly distributed compared with all India level, While 85

percent of total landholdings in India are marginal and small landholdings, farmers possess only 44 percent

of total land as against, 86 percent of total landholdings in Telangana are marginal and small possessing 55

percent of total landholdings. Figure 6.2 shows the percentage distribution of landholdings and area in

Telangana 2010-11.

Figure.6.2 Percentage distribution of landholdings and area in Telangana 2010-11

Source: Socio economic outlook 2016, Pg No.30, Planning Department, Government of Telangana

6.2.3 Rainfall pattern

The Normal average rainfall in Telangana State is about 905.3 mm as against India's normal average rainfall

of 1083 mm. About 80 percent of the total rainfall in the State is received during the South-West monsoon

(June to September). There has been an acute deficiency of rainfall in the previous two years, i.e., 2014-15

and 2015-16. The actual rainfall received during South-West monsoon of 2014-15 was 494.7 mm as against

the normal rainfall of 713.6 mm, recording a deficit of –31%. There was a deficit in rainfall in nine out of ten

districts in the State (except in Mahabubnagar) during this period. The State received an average rainfall of





611.2 mm during the South West Monsoon (June - September), as against the normal rainfall of 713.6 mm

in 2015-16 resulting in a deficiency of -14%. Figure 6.3 shows the rainfall during south-west monsoon in

Telangana from 2009-10 to 2015-16.

The rainfall in the State is erratic and uncertain and distribution of the rainfall is uneven in various mandals,

thus, making agriculture a proverbial gamble in monsoon. Of the rainfall received during the period from

2009-10 to 2014-15, the annual actual rainfall was lowest in 2011-12 with 661 mm, where as it was the

highest in 2013-14 with 1212 mm as against normal rainfall of 905.3 mm in the state. Year wise details of

actual and normal rainfall are depicted in Figure 6.4. (Socio economic outlook, pg 27)

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Normal rainfall 713.6 713.6 713.6 713.6 713.6 713.6 713.6

Actual rainfall 494.9 894.4 601.1 707.2 851.5 494.7 611.2

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Ra

infa

ll i

n m

m

Source: Socio Economic Outlook 2016, Pg.No.27. Planning Dept. Govt. of Telangana

Fig 6.3 Rainfall during South-West Monsoon in Telangana

Source: Socio Economic Outlook 2016, Pg.No.27. Planning Dept. Govt. of Telangana

Fig 6.4 Normal and Actual Rainfall in Telangana

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Normal rainfall 905.3 905.3 905.3 905.3 905.3 905.3

Actual rainfall 682 1101 661 917 1212 682

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Ra

infa

ll i

n m

m





6.2.4 Cropping Intensity

The cropping intensity (the ratio of gross cropped area to net cropped area) is one of the indicators for

assessing the efficiency of the agriculture sector. The cropping intensity for the year 2013-14 increased to

1.27 from 1.22 in 2012-13. The cropping intensity is highest (1.67) in Nizamabad District and lowest (1.09)

in Adilabad district. The cropping intensity is expected to increase with increasing area under irrigation in

the state. Mission Kakatiya and redesigning of irrigation projects undertaken by the government may

increase the cropping intensity and production of food grains substantially in the state. Table 6.7 shows

District wise cropping intensity in 2013-14. Highest Cropping Intensity of 1.67 was recorded by

Nizamabad district in the year 2013-14 followed by Karimnagar and Warangal at 1.53 and 1.36

respectively. (Statistical year book 2015, pg. 88)

Table 6.7 District wise cropping intensity in 2013-14

S. No. Districts Cropping intensity 1 Mahabubnagar 1.11

2 Rangareddy 1.14

3 Medak 1.23

4 Nizamabad 1.67

5 Adilabad 1.09

6 Karimnagar 1.53

7 Warangal 1.36

8 Khammam 1.16

9 Nalgonda 1.27

State 1.27

6.2.5 Irrigation sources

6.2.6 Gross and net irrigated areas

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It assists in the growth of agricultural crops,

maintenance of landscapes, and re-vegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of drought.

Irrigation is one of the most critical inputs for enhancing the productivity of the land that is required at

critical stages of plant growth. One cannot imagine agriculture without irrigation in dry and uncertain

rainfall distribution regions. Two important rivers of India the Godavari and Krishna are flowing through

the state to increase area under irrigation. Major sources of irrigation in the state are canals, tanks, tube

wells, dug wells etc. Irrigation is being done with the use of various techniques such as surface irrigation,

localized irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, sub-irrigation depending upon the availability of

source, accessibility and others to increase the productivity of the crop grown. Source wise distribution

reveals that wells are main source of irrigation in the State, irrigating about 82% of the total net irrigated

area in 2014-15. The share of canal and tank irrigation is confined to a mere 10 percent and 4 percent

respectively.

The Gross irrigated area in the State during 2014-15 was 25.29 lakh hectares as compared to 31.54 lakh

hectares in the previous year, showing a negative growth of 20%. Similarly, Net area irrigated came down

from 22.8 lakh hectares (2013-14) to 17.26 lakh hectares (2014-15), showing a negative growth of about

24%.

Source: Compiled by author





Table 6.8 Gross area irrigated by different sources in Telangana (in '000' hectares)

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Gross Area Irrigated 21.31 29.99 28.64 25.57 31.54 25.29

Net Area Irrigated 14.93 20.04 19.85 17.74 22.8 17.26

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Figure 6.5 Gross and Net area Irrigated (in Lakh hectares)

Source: Statistical Year Book 2016, pg.No.120 DES, Government of Telangana

Irrigation intensity [ratio of gross irrigated area (GIA) to net irrigated area (NIA)] under all sources of

irrigation is given in Table 6.10. Irrigation intensity under wells is 1.50 in 2014-15. Expansion in Gross and

Net area irrigated has taken place due to the rise in well irrigation.

Source: Statistical Year 2016, 120, DES, Government of TelanganaPg No.

S. No. Source 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

1. Tanks 67.17 305.22 207.54 179.48 281.46 113.13

2. Canals 169.06 503.88 431.82 120.52 469.35 243.05

3. Wells (Tube & Dug) 1841.98 2110.95 2156.83 2207.41 2333.87 2115.78

4. Other Sources 53.05 78.72 67.83 49.68 69.62 56.98

Total 2131.26 2998.77 2864.02 2557.09 3154.3 2528.94

Table 6.9 Net area irrigated by different sources in Telangana (in '000' hectares)

Source: Statistical Year 2016, 120, DES, Government of TelanganaPg No.

S.No. Source 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

1 Tanks 56.85 237.96 182.7 157.66 228.17 96.78

2 Canals 137.45 315.75 325.31 90.29 288.8 173.68

3 Wells (Tube & Dug) 1259.38 1395.6 1423.25 1485.84 1710.65 1413.09

4 Other Sources 39.13 54.65 53.34 40.31 52.02 42.73

Total 1492.81 2003.96 1984.6 1774.1 2279.64 1726.28





Table 6.10 Gross and Net Irrigated Area and Irrigation Intensity from 2009-10 to 2014-15

Year GIA under all

source (lakh ha.) NIA under all

sources (lakh ha.)

Irrigation intensity

(all sources) GIA under

wells(lakh ha.) NIA under

wells (lakh ha.)

Irrigation intensity

(wells)

2009-10 21.31 14.93 1.43 18.42 12.59 1.46

2010-11 29.99 20.04 1.50 21.11 13.96 1.51

2011-12 28.64 19.85 1.44 21.57 14.23 1.52

2012-13 25.57 17.74 1.44 22.07 14.86 1.49

2013-14 31.54 22.80 1.38 23.34 17.11 1.36

2014-15 25.29 17.26 1.47 21.16 14.13 1.50

Source: Socio Economic Outlook, Pg.No.35, Planning Department, Govt. of Telangana

The source-wise net area irrigated from 2009-10 to 2014-15 is shown in Table 6.11. Net area irrigated by

wells has been increasing, especially in last two years as a coping up strategy against the drought

conditions. Net irrigated area through wells have increased from 74.83 percent in 2013-14 to 81.87 percent

in 2014-15, while the area irrigated by canals has increased from 5.07 percent in 2012-13 to 12.68 percent

in 2013-14 and decreased to 10.08% in 2014-15.

Table 6.11 Percentage of Net Area Irrigated by source of Irrigation

Year

Net Area Irrigated

(Lakh Ha.)

Source-wise Net Area Irrigated (%)

Canals Tanks Wells

2009-10 14.93 9.18 3.82 84.33

2010-11 20.04 15.76 11.87 69.63

2011-12 19.85 16.37 9.22 71.69

2012-13 17.74 5.07 8.91 83.77

2013-14 22.89 12.67 10.05 74.83

2014-15 17.26 10.08 5.62 81.87

Source: Socio Economic Outlook, Pg.No.35, Planning Department, Govt. of Telangana

Looking at the above table it is clear that over a period of last 6 years in Telangana there is significant change

in the usage pattern of major source of irrigation. While the tank and canal irrigation shows a declining

trend over the years, well irrigation shows a faster growth rate. This is a clear indicator of deliberate neglect

of thousands of tanks built during the Kakatiya's period. High dependency on wells has adverse effect on

groundwater levels, therefore there is a need to increase tank and canal irrigation sources in the State.

Hence, the Government has launched “Mission Kakatiya” to revive and rejuvenate tank irrigation.

Government has also proposed to reengineer the canal irrigation projects and has allocated substantial

portion of budget for the same.

However, increasing tapping of groundwater is leading to the lowering of the level of groundwater. There is

going to be proportionate increase in the power consumption and running of pumps for longer duration.

This may adversely impact the environment.

There is a severe stress on groundwater due to deficit as well as abnormal distribution of rainfall pattern in

the state, causing further depletion of groundwater levels in the areas where there is no sufficient rainfall.

The average groundwater level for the State in the month of March - 2016 is 14.88 m, where as it was

12.27mduring March 2015. The deep water levels during March2016 when compared to the last year

water levels is due to 32% deficit rainfall received during 2014-15 and 25% during 2015-16 resulting in a

net fall of 2.61m during this year.





6.2.7 Agricultural Labour Force

Along with the structural changes in the economy, a corresponding change is observed in the employment

pattern. Over a period of time, there has been a shift of employment from primary to the secondary and

tertiary sectors, both in terms of output and employment. However, the shift in employment is not as rapid

as changes observed in sectoral output.

The share of agriculture sector in total GSDP has been declining steeply as compared to decline in

employment in agriculture sector. As per the 2011-12 prices, agriculture & allied activities share in total

Gross Value Added (GVA) was 12.9 percent, whereas about 55.6 percent of total workforce is dependent

on it.

In terms of nature of employment, 45.8 percent of the total workforce is reported to be self employed; 35.4

percent as casual labour and about 16.1 percent as wage/salaried earners and about 2.7 percent as

contract workers. Area wise analysis shows that, the largest number of workforce (48.8 percent) is

reported to be self employed in rural areas, where as a majority of the workforce in urban areas is working

as wage-salary earners.

Table 6.12 Details of Cultivators and Agricultural Labour (main working) in Telangana

Year Total population (in lakhs)

Rural population (in lakhs)

Cultivators Agricultural labour

Number (in lakhs)

Percent change over

preceding census

Number (in lakhs)

Percent change over

preceding census

1951 107.52 85.02 38.42 - 16.44 -

1961 127.12 102.63 28.50 -25.82 17.19 +4.56

1971 158.18 124.97 23.69 -16.88 22.03 +28.16

1981 201.81 150.82 30.86 +30.27 28.33 +28.60

1991 260.89 182.15 34.36 +11.34 40.02 +41.26

2001 309.87 211.34 33.30 -3.08 32.10 -19.79

2011 350.04 213.95 29.94 -10.09 45.90 +42.99

Source: Socio Economic Outlook 2016, Pg.No.147, Planning Dept, Govt. of Telangana

As per the data given in Table 6.12, the number of cultivators in the state is gradually decreasing while the

number of agricultural labourers is increasing. The total number of cultivators and agricultural labourers

account for 29.94 lakhs and 45.90 lakhs respectively according to 2011 census as against 33.3 lakhs and

32.1 lakhs respectively as per 2001 census.

The number of cultivators who were 38.42 lakhs as per 1951 census was reduced by 22% and remained as

29.94 lakhs as per 2011 census. In contrary to this, the number of agricultural labour has increased by

179% i.e., from 16.44 to 45.9 lakhs as per 1951 and 2011 census respectively. This kind of trend in number

of cultivators and agricultural labour indicates a negative effect on both the environment and rural

economy of the state.Decline in the number of cultivators indirectly indicates the conversion of agricultural

lands to non-agricultural lands.

Animal Husbandry sector consists of bovine, ovine, pig and poultry population. Bovine population is

further classified into cattle and buffaloes and ovine population into sheep and goat. It provides an

additional income and employment to the farmers, especially in times of drought. It is an established fact

that with the economic progress, consumption pattern shifts from cereal-based foods to protein based

foods, implying a potential for the growth of the sector. At present, this sector provides direct livelihood

opportunities to about 29 lakh families in Telangana. The value of livestock produce is estimated to be

Rs.25293 crores at constant prices and the livestock sector contribution is likely to be 5.9% to GVA in 2015-

16.

6.2.8 Livestock and poultry population





Telangana is blessed with rich livestock resources, especially cattle and sheep population accounting for th

5.52 percent of the Country's population. As per the Livestock Census, 2012, Telangana stands 10 in nd th th th

livestock population, 2 in sheep population, 13 in goat population, 4 in poultry, 13 in bovine population th

and 15 in pig population. The State has 92.28 lakh bovines according to Livestock Census of 2012. Cattle

account for 50.34 lakhs and buffaloes 41.94 lakhs. The State had a total ovine population of 175.49 lakh, of

which 128.75 lakh are sheep and 46.76 lakh are goats according to Livestock Census 2012. Table 6.13

shows the Livestock and Poultry population.

Table 6.13 Livestock and poultry population (Number in lakhs)

Category As per 1999 Census As per 2003 Census As per 2007 Census As per 2012 Census

Cattle 55.09 48.71 57.50 50.34

Buffaloes 33.55 37.58 50.42 41.94

Sheep 46.67 114.40 133.57 128.75

Goat 25.39 32.36 48.01 46.76

Pigs 3.35 2.98 2.32 2.52

Poultry 254.22 405.46 494.48 691.59

Source: Statistical Year Book, 2016, Pg.No.132, DES, Govt. of Telangana

The increasing number of different livestock and poultry over years definitely demands for increasing

fodder and feed. However, as the majority of farmers are small and marginal, they should be recommended

to adopt integrated farming systems such that the recycling of byproducts among the components of the

system not only lessens the adverse effect on environment but also raises the income of the farmer and

make him move towards sustainable agriculture.

Fisheries sector is one of the fast growing sectors contributing to GSDP of the State as well as generating

income and employment. Fisheries sector contributes 3.47% of GSDP from agriculture and 0.6% to the rd

GSDP during 2014-15 at current prices. Telangana state ranks 3 in inland resources of 5.87 lakh hectares th

and 8 in fish production with 2.2 lakh tonnes in the country. The sector aims at exploitation of all the

possible resources under capture and culture fishery base for increasing fish production and productivity

through sustainable development. The sector is contributing considerably for food security, nutrition and

health, livelihood security to rural population and welfare of fishermen. There are 19.04 lakh fishermen in

the State. More than 65 percent of fishermen are concentrated in Warangal, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda and

Karimnagar districts.

Among the total 78 reservoirs in the State, the water spread area is below 1000 hectares in 53 reservoirs,

between 1000 and 5000 hectares in 17 reservoirs and 8 percent of reservoirs have water spread area of

more than 5000 hectares. Out of the total 35031 tanks in the State, more than 600 are found in Warangal,

Medak, Karimnagar and Mahabubnagar districts, thus, these districts have high potential for fisheries

development through tanks and reservoirs.

Net Cropped Area (NCA) in Telangana in the year 2014-15 was 43.8 lakh hectares, while Gross Cropped

Area (GCA) was about 53.2 lakh hectares. Out of the total GCA, 30.7 lakh hectares (58%) was under food

crops and 22.5 lakh hectares (42%) was under non-food crops. The important food grains cultivated in the

State are rice, maize, jowar, bajra, pulses, etc. Cotton is an important non-food crop accounting for 32

percent of total GCA in the State.

The area brought under food crops during 2014-15 was 30.68 lakh hectares as against 38.97 lakh hectares

in 2013-14, showing a decrease of 21.27 percent over previous year. The area under non-food crops was

also decreased to 22.47 lakh hectares as against 23.47 lakh hectares in 2013-14, showing a decrease of 4.26

percent.

6.2.9 Fisheries

6.3 State

6.3.1 Area, production and productivity of major agricultural crops





The area under food grains decreased to 26.13 lakh hectares during 2014-15 as against 34.31 lakh hectares

in 2013-14 the decrease being 23.84% over previous year's area (Figure 6.7). The decrease in area under

food grain crops is due to lack of availability of sufficient water in irrigation sources and untimely rains.

This has led to decrease in the production of food grains by 32.45% in 2014-15 as compared to the previous

year.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Area (in lakh hectares)

Production (in lakh tonnes)

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

26.49 34.44 31.09 28.36 34.31 26.13

51.90 92.60 75.01 82.42 106.86 72.18

Source: Statistical year book 2016, pg.No.89, DES, Govt. of Telangana

Fig.6.6 Area and Production of food grains in Telangana

The area, production and productivity (yield) of major agricultural crops grown in Telangana state from

2012-13 to 2014-15 is presented in Table 6.14. The area under cereals & millets has decreased by 6.70 lakh

hectares in 2014-15 over the previous year, and area under pulses has decreased by 1.48 lakh hectares in

2014-15 when compared with that of 2013-14. Rice, the major staple food grain crop of the state accounts

for 26.63% of the total cropped area in the state during 2014-15. Its area over the period is also fluctuating

with monsoon / rainfall. The area and production of jowar, which is predominantly grown in

Mahabubnagar, Adilabad and Medak districts has been continuously decreasing over last six years in the

state, though there is marginal raise in its productivity because of availability of hybrids and improved

management practices.

Area, production and productivity of maize, a major millet crop of the state grown predominantly in

Mahabubnagar, Medak, Warangal and Karimnagar districts has also reduced to 6.92 lakh hectares, 23.08

lakh tonnes and 3338 kg/ha in 2014-15 as compared to 7.5 lakh hectares, 35.12 lakh tonnes and 4681

kg/ha in 2013-14 due to adverse seasonal conditions.

Redgram, Bengalgram, Greengram, Blackgram and a few other pulses are also being raised in the state. The

area under these pulses accounted for 7.68% of the total cropped area and 15.62% of the total area under

food grain crops in the state during 2014-15. 2.63 lakh tonnes of pulses were produced in the state during

2014-15.

The area under oilseeds excluding coconut crop during 2014-15 was 5 lakh hectares which constituted

9.41% of the total cropped area in the state. The area under groundnut alone accounted for 30.95% of the

total area under oilseeds crops during 2014-15. Out of 7.21 lakh tonnes of production of oilseeds,

groundnut and soybean accounted for major production in the state. The increase in productivity of

groundnut, sesame, castor, sunflower and soybean can be attributed to the research and extension efforts

made by the State Agricultural University and Agriculture Department in the state.

Amongst commercial crops, area under cotton cultivation has increased tremendously over the years

although its productivity remained stable.





Cereals, millets and pulses occupy more than 50 percent of total GCA in Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Medak,

Rangareddy and Mahabubnagar districts. Nalgonda (with 44% GCA) and Karimnagar districts (with 40%

GCA) stand at the top in terms of area and production of rice in the state. With 2.10 lakh hectares area under

coarse cereals, Mahabubnagar stands first in terms of area under coarse cereals and Karimnagar district

stands first in terms of production of coarse cereals with 5.46 lakh tonnes. Cotton is a major non-food crop

in Warangal, Karimnagar, Nalgonda, Adilabad and Mahabubnagar districts.

Table 6.14 Area, production and yield of major crops in Telangana

Crop 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

A P Y A P Y A P Y

Rice 14.18 46.48 3277 19.95 65.81 3300 14.15 45.45 3211

Jowar 1.23 1.34 1094 1.07 1.09 1016 0.79 0.83 1054

Bajra 0.10 0.12 1233 0.13 0.12 942 0.11 0.11 937

Maize 6.63 29.44 4440 7.50 35.12 4681 6.91 23.08 3338

Ragi 0.02 0.03 1358 0.02 0.02 1470 0.01 0.02 1145

Total cereals & millets

22.25 77.51 3484 28.75 102.21 3556 22.05 69.56 3155

Greengram 1.5 1.1 735 1.24 0.85 689 0.87 0.45 513

Blackgram 0.56 0.51 913 0.41 0.36 852 0.28 0.16 583

Redgram 2.76 1.53 554 2.63 1.40 530 2.21 1.09 495

Bengalgram 1.12 1.64 1464 1.14 1.95 1716 0.59 0.81 1370

Cowgram 0.12 0.08 815 0.11 0.07 734 0.10 0.10 972

Total pulses 6.11 4.91 804 5.56 4.65 835 4.08 2.62 642

Groundnut 1.87 3.35 1789 2.10 3.55 1691 1.55 2.95 1907

Sesame 0.23 0.09 400 0.24 0.09 360 0.23 0.10 405

Safflower 0.1 0.16 1657 0.08 0.06 708 0.04 0.03 746

Sunflower 0.28 0.32 1129 0.2 0.19 949 0.18 0.26 1397

Soybean 1.58 2.87 1817 2.42 3.9 1610 2.43 2.62 1081

Castor 0.98 0.53 535 0.80 0.57 707 0.51 0.29 578

Total oilseeds

5.09 8.07 1587 5.86 8.79 1500 5.00 7.20 1442

Chillies 0.83 3.00 3628 0.75 2.60 3463 0.73 2.53 3456

Turmeric 0.50 2.87 5780 0.50 2.52 5078 0.43 2.16 4975

Sugarcane 0.41 35.74 87430 0.39 33.76 85898 0.38 33.43 87654

Cotton (lint)* 18.13 40.57 380 17.03 42.35 423 16.93 35.83 360

Tobacco 0.05 0.13 2830 0.06 0.14 2246 0.06 0.16 2749

(A – Area in lakh hectares, P – Production in lakh tones and Y – Yield in kg/ha)*Cotton production in lakh bales (@170 Kg/bale)

Source: Statistical year book 2016, DES, Govt. of Telangana

6.3.2 Changes in cropping pattern

6.3.3 Area and production of major horticultural crops

Food crops consisting of cereals, coarse cereals, pulses, and others occupy a major share in total cropped

area in the State. Research studies on the State's cropping pattern reveals that more than one-third of the

area was under food crops during 1980's. Cropping pattern from 1980's onward shifted to non-food crops

in the State.

The innovation of new production technologies, changing attitude of farmers towards market oriented

production, supporting government policies, etc., has led to the changing cropping pattern in the state.

Horticulture is identified as one of the growth engines in the farm sector. It has been identified as one of the

“focus areas” for development of the state. Being traditionally rich with horticulture resources, the State





has favorable climatic conditions suiting various horticulture crops. Usage of the latest technology and the

ability to meet the global demand for qualitative produce, makes the state a favorable destination for global

sourcing in horticulture.

Horticulture is a significant contributor to the Telangana State GSDP by generating employment to

unskilled and semiskilled rural poor. Total area under Horticulture crops during 2014-15 (final estimates)

is 7.39 lakh hectares with a total production of 91.70 lakh MTs. Major fruit crops in the state are Mango,

Citrus, Banana, Guava and Papaya while vegetables like Tomato, Brinjal, Bhendi and various varieties of

Gourds are predominant. Chillies, Turmeric and Corriander are important spices. Coconut, Cashew and Oil

palm constitute major plantation crops. The targeted area under Horticulture for the next five years (2013-

19) Action Plan is 14.48 lakh Ha, with an estimated production of 152.31 lakh MTs. In India, under rd stcultivated area Telangana ranks 3 in fruits and 1 in Turmeric.

Among the 10 districts of Telangana, Mahabubnagar, with 1.38 lakh hectares of land stands largest in terms

of Gross Cropped Area under horticulture crops in 2014-15, followed by Khammam and Warangal with

1.32 and 1.18 lakh hectares, respectively.stAs per the 1 Advanced Estimates, horticulture crops are grown in an area of 7.01 lakh hectares in 2015-16

producing about 74.79 MTs output. Of the total horticulture cultivated area, fruits constitute around

54.39%, followed by vegetables and spices with 22.2% and 19.05% respectively. Floriculture constitutes

about 0.4% of area under horticulture. Out of the total production of horticulture in 2015-16, fruits

constitute around 54.54% followed by vegetables, spices and flowers with 35.68%, 8.51% and 0.17%

respectively.

Out of the total horticulture area, the highest area is covered by mango – 29.07% followed by mosambi –

18.99%. Amongst vegetable crops, tomato and onion cover around 32.97% and 14.65% of the area

respectively and 38.79% and 16.22% of production under vegetables. Among spices, the turmeric and red

chilli cover around 41.37% and 55.42% of the area and 54.66% and 36.73% of production respectively.

Among flowers, marigold covers around 49.16% of the area and 65.24% of production.

1% 4%

19%

22%

54%

A. Area under Horticulture Crops in Telangana (2015 - 2016) (1st AE)

Flower

Plantation crops

Spices

Vegetables

Fruits

1%

8%

36%55%

A. Production of Horticulture Crops in Telangana (2015 - 2016) (1st AE)

Flower

Plantation crops

Spices

Vegetables

Fruits

Source: Socio Economic Outlook 2016, Pg No. 41 Govt. of Telangana

Planning Department,

Figure 6.7 Distribution of area and production among horticulture crops during 2015-16





6.3.4 Area under Fodder Crops, Agro-Forestry and Organic Agriculture

Forests play a major role in supporting livelihood activities of rural poor and tribals, mitigating the threat of

global warming besides, conserving the fertile soil and vulnerable wildlife. For the year 2015-16, forestry

and logging contribution is 0.4 percent to State GVA and 3.3% to agriculture & allied sector's GVA. Forest

area in Telangana is 27292 sq. km. accounting for 24.35 percent of total geographical area. Out of 27292

sqkm, reserved forest area is 19696.23 sq. km, protected forest is 6953.47 sq. km and 642.30 sq. km is

unclassified.

2%

26%

72%

Unclassified

Protected forest

Reserved forest

Source: Socio Economic Outlook 2016, Pg No.49 Govt. of Telangana

Planning Department,

Figure 6.8 classification of forest area in Telangana

In terms of district-wise forest cover, Adilabad has the largest area under forests, followed by Khammam.

However, in terms of percentage area under forest, Khammam stands first with 48.9 percent of total

geographical area under forests, followed by Adilabad with 44.9 percent and Warangal with 28.88 percent.

District - wise geographical area and forest area in Telangana is shown in Table 6.15

Table 6.15 District-wise Geographical Area and Forest Area in Telangana State (Area in Sq Km)

S. No.

Name of the District

Geographical

Area

Forest

Area

% of Forest Area to the

Total Geographical Area

1 Adilabad 16105 7232 44.90

2 Karimnagar 11823 2545 21.52

3 Khammam 13266 6487 48.90

4 Mahabubnagar 18432 3033 16.45

5 Medak 9699 906 9.34

6 Nalgonda 14240 837 5.88

7 Nizamabad 7956 1812 22.78

8 Rangareddy& Hyderabad 7710 731 9.48

9 Warangal 12846 3710 28.88

Telangana State Total 112077 27292 24.35

Source: Socio Economic Outlook, 2016, Pg. No.50 Planning Dept., Govt. of Telangana





The National Forest Policy of India envisages a minimum of 33% of the total geographical area under

forest/tree cover to maintain environmental stability and ecological balance; that are vital for sustenance

of all life-forms including human, animal and plants. The role of forests as carbon sinks provides an

additional important environmental factor. However, except in two districts, area under forest cover is less

than the desired 33% which is of high concern.

Organic farming is promoted with the main objective to encourage use of organic manures instead of

expensive chemical fertilizers.

The need for organic farming arises from the un-sustainability of agriculture production and the damage

caused to ecology through the conventional farming practices. The practice of organic farming is based on

the similar principles underlying our traditional agriculture said to be the best known alternative to the

conventional method. Organic agriculture aims at the human welfare without any harm to the environment

which is the foundation of human life itself.

The philosophy of organic agriculture is to feed the soil rather than the crops to maintain soil health and is a

means of giving back to the nature what has been taken from it. Organic farming is not technology but a

system close to nature where in problems of farming aremanaged using local resources alone. Table 6.16

shows the Organic farming schemes proposed in Telangana.

6.3.5 Organic farming

6.3.5.1 Benefits of the Program

Table 6.16 Organic farming schemes proposed in Telangana

S.No Scheme Objective

Project Outlay (crores)

Central Share

(crores)

State Share

(crores)

1 Paramparagath KrishiVikasYojana (PKVY)

To promote Organic Farming in cluster approach of 50 acres each with PGS Certification

21.2022

10.530

10.530

2 Promotion of Certified Organic Farming (Ongoing scheme under RKVY

1. To protect consumer rights of getting the product of appropriate quality as per the claims.

2. To protect the interests of the organic farmers by assigning their product a clear distinction.

3. To develop the economical status of farmers

1.70

0.850

0.850

Scheme for promotion of certified organic farming is an ongoing scheme being implemented under RKVY

since 2013-14. The main objective is to develop the land / agriculture into organic area rather than the crop.

Deputy Director of Agriculture, Farmers Training Centres in each district are the scheme implementing

agencies for the area expansion under organic farming.

Certification of Organic Farming scheme was implemented with a financial allocation of Rs.5.00 crores

during 2014-15. An area of 2305 ha spread over 8 districts in the state covering crops like Paddy, Redgram,

Bengalgram, Maize, Jowar, Groundnut, Vegetables etc. were registered for organic certification. Organic

inputs worth Rs. 5000/ha were given to the registered farmers as decided by the district level committee

wherein the representative farmers are also the members.

Free organic certification is provided involving APEDA accredited agencies i.e., APOF Organic certification

Agency (AOCA) Bangalore & Vedic Organic Certification Agency (VOCA) Hyderabad, in addition to the

capacity building of the registered farmers through trainings and organizing exposure visits. Further to

facilitate availability of sufficient organic inputs locally, assistance for establishment of Vermi compost

units, Vermi hatcheries & BIS mark (IS15907:2010) specifications High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

Woven beds for Vermiculture were also provided.





In view of the Paramparagath Krishi Vikas Yojana Scheme being initiated by the GoI for promotion of

Organic farming in cluster approach with PGS certification it is proposed to scale down the project of area

expansion under certified farming to the extent of the areas that are already registered with the

department and are in conversion stages.

It is proposed to promote certified organic farming in an area of 1685 ha which was already registered with

the department of agriculture during 2013-14 and are continued for 2014-15 & 2015-16.Table 6.17

showsthe district wise area under organic farming in Telangana.

Table 6.17: District-wise area under organic farming in Telangana

S.No. District Area under C2 stage (ha)

Area under C1 stage (ha)

Total area (ha)

1 Rangareddy 236 0 236

2 Nizamabad 190 80 270

3 Warangal 22 50 72

4 Khammam 162.4 30.4 192.8

5 Karimnagar 88.8 56 144.8

6 Nalgonda 182.8 50 235

7 Medak 254 40 294

8 Mahabubnagar 160 80 240

Total 1296 386.4 1684.6

Source: Department of Agriculture, 2016 Government of Telangana

It is proposed to implement the scheme with a holistic approach by providing incentives to the farmers for

adopting organic farming, capacity building of farmers through trainings & exposure visits and also

extending assistance for on farm generation of organic inputs.

An amount of Rs.119.46 lakhs is proposed to be allocated for providing incentives to the organic producers

for supply of organic inputs, honorarium to coordinators for ICS, organizing trade fairs, certification

charges etc. It is planned for facilitation of implementation through engaging of coordinators for internal

control system and maintenance of farm diaries, etc.

rd thWith an annual output of 1061 crore eggs, Telangana stands 3 in egg production in the country. Every 8

egg in the country comes from Telangana. With an annual meat production of 5.05 lakh MT, Telangana th th

stands 6 in the country and with an annual production of 42.07 lakh MT of milk, Telangana occupies 13

position in the country in milk production during 2014-15. Production of milk, eggs, meat and wool in

Telangana from 2009-10 to 2014-15 is presented in Table 6.18. There is an increase in production of milk,

eggs, meat and wool in Telangana over the years indicating the potential of respective livestock units.

6.3.6 Milk, Meat and Eggs Production

Table 6.18 Production of milk, eggs, meat and wool in TelanganaYear Milk

(in million metric tonnes)

Eggs

(in billion numbers)

Meat

(in lakh metric tonnes)

Wool

(in million kgs)

2009-10 3.19 8.00 3.30 3.91

2010-11 3.47 8.49 3.63 4.10

2011-12 3.69 8.97 3.84 4.18

2012-13 3.95 9.42 4.29 4.26

2013-14 3.92 10.06 4.46 4.27

2014-15 4.21 10.62 5.05 4.42

Source: Directorate of Animal Husbandry, Govt. of Telangana.

The average productivity of a tank is 300 to 400 kg per hectare of water spread area. Similarly, in reservoirs,

the productivity is 30 kg per hectare of water spread area as compared to the actual potential of 150 kg per

hectare. Thus, more attention needs to be given to reservoir and tank fisheries of Telangana to improve

their productivity.

The culture fishery of Telangana is not developed as compared to tank and reservoir fishery. A major

proportion of aquaculture farms are concentrated in Khammam district. Farmers from Mahabubnagar,

Nalgonda, Karimnagar and Adilabad districts are engaged in prawn culture.

The following table describes the requirement and gap in fish seed production.





Table 6.20 District wise requirement of Fish Seed

Source: Agriculture & Cooperation Department, Government of Telangana

S.No. District Total No.of

water

bodies

Total water

spread area

in Ha.

Effective

water spread

area in Ha.

Fish seed

requirement

(Fry)

Present

fish seed

production

in the

district

Gap

1 Adilabad 6667 76971.00 28545.00 1410.41 75.00 1335.41

2 Hyderabad 1 40.00 20.00 1.00 10.00 -9.00

3 Karimnagar 1843 46584.00 27001.50 1348.9575 625.00 723.96

4 Khammam 2156 40311.29 16732.41 744.4175 66.00 708.42

5 Medak 6082 92575.58 48234.39 955.60 75.00 880.60 6 Mahabubnagar 5987 110562.00 41983.75 2099.18 95.00 2004.18 7 Nalgonda 4629 71798.00 38529.00 1799.00 14.00 1785.00 8 Nizamabad 2797 62768.23 39206.61 1160.00 65.00 995.00 9 Rangareddy 1412 11467.80 5735.40 286.77 50.00 236.77

10 Warangal 3535 78412.27 30706.54 1535.33 410.00 1125.33

Total 35109 591490.4 276694.6 11371.16 1585.00 9786.16

Table 6.19 Fish and Prawn production in Telangana (in tonnes)

Source: Statistical Year Book 2016, Pg.No.135, DES,Govt. of Telangana

6.3.7 Inland fish and prawn production

Fisheries are a traditional and important occupation in Telangana State apart from being an important

source of food nutrient. Fisheries sector is contributing about 0.6 percent to the State GVA in 2015-16. The

Government aims at (i) increase in fish production and productivity through increasing fishery base (ii)

achieving self-sufficiency in fish seed (iii) supply of fish at an affordable price and in hygienic conditions

and (iv)improve the living condition of people depending on fisheries through welfare programs.

During 2015-16, 1.71 lakh tonnes of fish and prawn were produced in Telangana as against a target of 3.20

lakh tonnes. The production of fish and prawn which was 1.36 lakh tonnes in 2009-10 has increased to 2.68

lakh tonnes in 2014-15 in Telangana (Table 6.19).

Year Inland fish Fresh water prawn Total

2009-10 133613 2008 135621

2010-11 133587 2206 135793

2011-12 196708 3774 200482

2012-13 214591 5037 219628

2013-14 243037 6596 249633

2014-15 260010 8352 268362





6.4 Impact

6.4.1 Fertilizer consumption

The total consumption of fertilizers in Telangana state was highest in 2010-11 (29.42 lakh MT) and has

reduced to 23.89 lakh MT in 2012-13 and again rised to 28.54 and 26.54 lakh MT in 2013-14 and 2014-15

respectively (Table 6.21). Consumption of fertilizers by nutrients was the highest in 2010-11 at 14.81 lakh

MTs which has been falling there after to 13.39 lakh MTs in 2013-14 and to 12.48 lakh MTs in 2014-15. This

quantity of fertilizers consumption may have a positive correlation with area cultivated during the above

period. Among the different fertilizers consumed by different crops in the state, urea forms the major one

followed by complex fertilizers and DAP. Among the districts, Karimnagar followed by Nalgonda,

Rangareddy and Warangal are the major fertilizer consuming districts in the state as these are the principal

crop growing areas like paddy, cotton, maize, etc. However, Medak district is found to be the lowest in per

hectare consumption of fertilizers (Table 6.22).

Table 6.21 Fertilizer consumption in Telangana (in lakh metric tonnes)

Year Urea DAP MoP Complexes SSP Total

2010-11 14.11 4.17 2.45 8.16 0.53 29.42

2011-12 13.21 4.21 1.23 9.28 0.77 28.70

2012-13 13.14 2.51 1.09 6.71 0.46 23.89

2013-14 16.81 2.44 1.03 7.71 0.55 28.81

2014-15 13.67 1.89 1.09 8.12 0.48 25.25

Source: Statistical Year Book, 2016, Pg.No.116, Government of Telangana

Table 6.22 District-wise fertilizer consumption in Telangana (in lakh metric tonnes)

District 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Adilabad 2.26 2.64 2.03 2.18 1.92

Karimnagar 4.55 4.63 3.63 4.50 3.93

Khammam 3.07 2.60 2.16 2.44 2.54

Warangal 3.96 3.67 3.53 3.77 3.43

Nalgonda 4.69 4.22 3.23 4.47 3.64

Mahabubnagar 2.77 2.76 2.19 2.99 2.81

Medak 1.82 1.84 1.59 1.95 1.78

Nizamabad 3.36 3.57 3.13 3.16 2.89

Rangareddy 2.94 2.64 2.41 3.07 3.60

The below mentioned are some major effects of using fertilizers on the environment.

?Depletes the Quality of the Soil

?Alters the Biology of Water Bodies

?Effects Human Health

?Climate Changes Across the Globe

The consumption has reduced due to the increased awareness created among farmers on Integrated Pest

Management practices by conducting Polambadi programmes in farmers' fields, hybrids in cotton, usage of

bio-pesticide. The pesticide consumption in the state is shown in Table 6.23.

6.4.2 Pesticide consumption





Table 6.23 Pesticide Consumption in Telangana

S. No. District 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

1 Mahabubnagar 639 635 618 673 348

2 Ranga Reddy 180 179 174 190 154

3 Hyderabad 0 0 0 0 0

4 Medak 416 409 397 433 473

5 Nizamabad 365 363 353 385 457

6 Adilabad 522 510 505 550 589

7 Karimnagar 512 519 496 540 617

8 Warangal 641 639 620 675 674

9 Khammam 475 473 460 501 470

10 Nalgonda 486 483 474 512 625

Total 4236 4210 4097 4459 4407

Source: Commissioner of Agriculture, 2016 Government of Telangana

There is not much variation in the total Pesticide consumption by the State during 2007-08 to 2010-2011

except in the year 2011-12. There is an increase in consumption in Khammam and Mahabubnagar districts

by8 and 37 lakh metric tonnes respectively.

However, the environmental impact of pesticides consists of the effects of pesticides on non-target species.

Over 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach a destination other than their target species,

because they are sprayed or spread across entire agricultural fields. Runoff carries pesticides into aquatic

environments while winds carry them to other fields, grazing areas, human settlements and undeveloped

areas, potentially affecting other species. Other problems emerge from poor production, transport and

storage practices. Over time, repeated application increases pest resistance, while its effects on other

species can facilitate the pest's resurgence.

During the year 2015-16, the following schemes or activities are taken up in the Plant Protection section

under RKVY by Telangana state. Table 6.24 is showing Plant Protection schemes under RKVY in Telangana.

Table 6.24 Plant protection schemes under RKVY in Telangana

S.No. Particulars Amount Proposed

(Rs. in lakhs)

1

Strengthening of Pesticide testing laboratories of Rajendranagar,Warangal, BPTL, Hyderabad and PTL coding centre, SAMETI Hyderabad with sophisticated equipments

60.00

2 Establishment of pesticide residue laboratory at SAMETI, Hyderabad. 750.00

3 Establishment of new State Pesticide Testing Laboratories at Karimnagar and Mahabubnagar.

150.00

Total 960.00

Source: Department of Agriculture,2016 Government of Telangana

6.5 Response

6.5.1 Seed production and supply

Telangana is endowed with excellent climatic conditions which are suitable for seed production of paddy

varieties, pulses, oil seeds and hybrids of cotton, sorghum, maize, bajra, sunflower, fodder sorghum and

vegetable crops. Best quality seed is produced due to congenial climate prevailing for seed production and

the farmers have become experts in seed production of different crops over a period of four decades of seed

production in Telangana State.





Telangana State is involved in production and supply of good quality seed to farmers all over India and also

to other countries. Around 40% of the hybrid seed marketed in the country is produced in Telangana. It is

planned to develop Telangana State as a Seed Bowl by strengthening the seed production chain and

development of infra structure for promotion and multiplication of new varieties, production of soybean

and other crop seeds and to develop each village as a Seed Village in the next five years.

?Production and supply of certified seed of various crops new varieties / HYV / Hybrids in identified

villages and to develop each village as a seed village to achieve 100% Seed Replacement rate and

develop Telangana State as a Seed Bowl.

?Strengthening the Seed Production Chain i.e. Breeder seed, Foundation seed and certified seed

production.

?Production incentives to the grower farmers especially for Soyabean, Pulses, Cereals, Millets etc.

?Development of infrastructure facilities such as seed storage godowns, processing units, special

harvesters for Soybean seed, seed testing facilities etc.

?Production of new crop varieties and replacement of old varieties to increase the Varietal Replacement

Ratio in the next five years.

?Seed made available to the farmers in time at affordable prices for achieving higher agricultural

production.

Seed Production and distribution is a continuous process. To produce quality/certified seed and to develop

State as Seed Bowl, a long term Seed Production Plan is prepared by the Department by involving various

Research Institutions, Government Department / Agencies and Private Seed Producing Agencies. There are

three stages of seed production which are to be strengthened to produce the required quantity of certified

seed and to develop each village as a Seed Village.

?Breeder seed: Breeder seed is produced and supplied by the State Agriculture universities and ICAR

Institutes.

?Foundation seed: The Breeder seed will be procured and multiplied into Foundation seed by the

government agencies such as TSSDC, NSC, HIL, OILFED, HACA, Cooperatives and Private Seed

Companies including state seed farms.

?Certified seed: The Foundation seed is further multiplied to certified seed stage-I and stage –II by the

government agencies such as TSSDC, NSC, HIL, OILFED, HACA, Cooperatives and Private Seed

Companies including under seed village scheme.

There are a number of Private Companies also involved in the production of different crops notified

varieties and their own research hybrids/ varieties, but focusing on low volume and high value Hybrid crop

seeds such as Cotton, Maize, Sunflower, Jowar, Bajra, Castor and hybrid Paddy.

The Government sector is mainly concentrating on production of different crops notified varieties of HYV

and new varieties released by the Government research institutions and focusing on high value and low

value crop seed varieties such as Paddy, Jowar, Redgram, Greengram, Blackgram, Bengalgram, Groundnut,

Sesamum etc. to develop the state as seed bowl of India, private seed sector is also to be involved in the

production of self pollinated varieties.

There is a need to replace the existing seeds (SRR) at the rate of 33% for self pollinated crops, 50% for cross

pollinated crops and 100% for hybrids to achieve the food production target of the future. Therefore it is

planned to increase present SRR to 100% SRR in the next five years. In Hybrid Seeds of Cotton, Maize,

Sunflower, Jowar, Bajra, Castor and hybrid paddy the SRR is 100%. Therefore to increase the SRR in self

pollinated crops such as Soyabean, Paddy, Groundnut, Pulses like Redgram, Greengram, Blackgram,

Bengalgram and Millets the Government is encouraging Government and Private sector on production of

different crops.

6.5.1.1 Objectives

6.5.1.2 Implementation of the project





Supply of seed on subsidy means the average farmers are able to purchase the most critical input in

agriculture i.e. seed at an affordable price which will help in achieving desirable increase in production and

productivity. The main thrust while supplying the seed on subsidy is for varietal replacement and

promotion of Pulses and Oilseed crops.

In order to achieve the food production target of the future, a major effort will be required to enhance the

seed replacement rate of various crops. It would require a major increase in the production of

certified/quality seed.

Out of a total requirement of 18.54 lakh quintals, 6.55 lakh quintals of seed were distributed under subsidy

during 2015-16, with an estimated subsidy value of Rs. 14186.70 lakhs through the following seed

supplying Government Agencies.

National Food Security Mission (NFSM) (Paddy, Pulses, Coarse Cereals)

Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)

National Mission on OILSEEDS and OILPALM Programme (NMOOP)

Normal State Plan

The subsidy seed will be supplied by the various Government seed supplying nodal agencies i.e. TSSDC,

TSOILFED, MARKFED, NSC, NACOF and HACA.

During 2015-16 kharif and rabi seasons about 4.03 and 1.55 lakh quintals of seed respectively were

distributed in nine districts of Telangana with a total subsidy value of Rs. 12605 lakhs.

To promote new varieties under different crops a State Level Standing Committee has been formed as per

the instructions of GOI. The Committee has discussed with various Research Institutes regarding the new

crop varieties which can be promoted in Telangana through subsidy scheme.

There are 10 State Seed Production Farms functioning in the state of Telangana with the main objective of

production of Foundation/Certified Seed to meet the seed requirement under Seed Village Program and in

turn to the farmers. Table 6.25 is showing area particulars of state seed farms.

6.5.1.3 Subsidy seed distribution under different schemes

6.5.1.4 Promotion of new varieties

6.5.2 State Seed farms

Table 6.25 Area Particulars of State Seed Farms (in hectares)

1 Gross area 740.16

2 Area transferred to other departments, gardens. 66.8

3 Area under roads & buildings, irrigation channels, ponds & plantations 87.29

4 Area unfit for cultivation 49.67

5 Total cultivable area 536.40

6 Area to be developed 170.40

7 Net cultivable (wet+dry) 366.00

8 Wet 197.80

9 Dry/ID 168.20

Source: Department of Agriculture, 2016. Government of Telangana

The State Seed Farms have been identified by the Government as Source of Foundation seed production by

making use of Breeder seed supplied by Research institutions of the State Agricultural University.

Soil Sampling and Soil testing program is being organized by the Agricultural Department of Telangana

state in a systematic manner to evaluate the fertility status and to identify the problems (salinity /acidity) if

6.5.3 Soil testing





any, to improve fertility and to apply fertilizer based on soil test data. There are 41 soil testing laboratories

in the state under the agricultural department of which, one regional soil testing lab and 11 district soil

testing labs are undertaking macro and micro nutrient analysis along with water analysis, and one mobile

lab and 28 agricultural market committee level labs performing macro nutrient analysis .Table 6.26 is

showing soil testing infrastructure in Telangana.

Table 6.26 Soil testing infrastructure in Telangana

S. No Type of Soil Testing Lab Nos. Facility

1 Regional Soil Testing Labs 1 Macro & Micro nutrient & water analysis

2 District Soil Testing Lab 11 Macro & Micro nutrient & water analysis

3 Mobile labs 1 Macro nutrients

4 Agril. Market Committee level labs 28 Macro nutrients

Total 41

Source: Department of Agriculture, 2016 Government of Telangana

Usually the Department of Agriculture organizes soil testing campaign during the first week of April every

year to create awareness about the soil health and 10 samples per revenue village will be collected.

The Department of Agriculture after analysis of the soil samples will distribute soil health cards to the

farmers duly advocating the farmers to adopt soil test based fertilizer recommendations taking into

consideration the farming situation and major crops grown in each village.

As part of the AGRISNET portal, a software has been developed http://apagrisnet.gov.in to computerize the

soil test results, so that soil health cards can be downloaded by farmers and also by Mandal Agricultural

Officers (MAOs) at any time and from any place to avoid the delay in issuing of soil health cards.

During 2014-15 about 105226 macro nutrient analyses, 13528 micro nutrient analyses and 8790 water

analyses were carried out by different soil testing labs spread in Telangana state.

The Government of Telangana under 'Strengthening and setting up of soil testing labs' proposed to

establish 2 new soil testing labs in each of the 7 districts and one new soil testing lab in Mahabubnagar&

Nizamabad districts totaling to 16 new STLs with a financial outlay of Rs. 870.00 lakhs @ Rs 54.38 lakhs per

lab and also to establish 2 new Mobile Soil testing labs in Mahabubnagar & Nalgonda districts with a

financial outlay of Rs. 118.00 lakhs @ Rs 59.00 lakhs per lab. Also, it is proposed to strengthen the existing

11 district soil testing labs in the State with a financial outlay of Rs 132.00 lakhs @ Rs12.00 lakhs per lab &

also to strengthen the existing Mobile Soil testing lab in the State with a financial outlay of Rs 12.00 lakhs

with 100 percent subsidy from the state government.

Similarly, under 'Soil Resource Mapping' it is planned for implementation of 'Land Resource Inventory of

Telangana' in collaboration with the Department of Agriculture & National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land

Use Planning (NBSS & LUP), Nagpur. A pilot project was taken up in 3 mandals viz. Gajwel (Medak Dist.),

Thimmajipet (Mahabubnagar Dist.) and Indervelly (Adilabad Dist.) during 2014-15 and later on in the

entire State in a phased manner over a period of 4 years (April 2015- April 2019). Different GoI

Organizations like NRSC, CRIDA, SLUSI and State organizations like Dept. of Agriculture, PJTSAU and State

Remote Sensing Centre will be the primary organizations coordinating the project with 100 percent

subsidy from the state government. It was proposed to undertake soil sampling, analysis and mapping in

110 mandals of Telangana State during 2015-16 with an estimated outlay of Rs 448.00 lakhs.

Farm mechanisation in the State is accentuated by the shortage in agricultural labour due to increased

migration of rural workers to urban areas. In order to bring more land under cultivation and to improve

productivity per unit area it is necessary to introduce other sources like tractors, power tillers and

renewable energy.

6.6 Farm Mechanization





The Farm Mechanization Scheme is being implemented in the State for encouraging mechanisation of

farming by supplying various farm implements i.e. animal drawn implements, tractor drawn implements,

high cost machinery, mini tractors, post-harvest equipment, plant protection equipment, inter-cultivation

equipment, HDPE tarpaulins and establishment of Custom Hiring Centers for paddy land preparation

package, CHC for cotton, maize, paddy harvesting & mini sugarcane package. The subsidy proposed under

this scheme is 50 percent and the maximum permissible limit varies depending on the type of machinery.

Apart from this, the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana and Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization are also

being implemented for Advance Farm Mechanisation.

?Reduction of physical drudgery associated with various farm operations

?Making farm mechanization available in every village

?Rise in Productivity level/ Net income per hectare

?Help in the protection of the produce and byproducts from qualitative and quantitative damages

?Product quality improvement through use of Post harvest machinery/ improved processing methods

?Reduction in cost of cultivation for major crops grown in the State

?These objectives are to be pursued with the view point that mechanization induced enhancement in

productivity could be one of the important inputs to usher in all round development in the rural areas.

An amount of Rs 67.40 crores is proposed for the establishment of Custom Hiring Centers for Paddy, Cotton,

Maize, Groundnut, Sugarcane, Mini SMSRI, Paddy Nursery Package, Paddy Harvesting package, Post

Harvest Items & Procurement Centers, Implement Hiring Stations, Tarpaulins, Solar fencing, Paddy

reapers, Power Tillers, Seed cum ferti-drills, Maize Shellers, Multi Crop Threshers, Rotovators, Power

Weeders, Improved farm machinery (4- Row walker type Paddy Transplanters, Paddy Threshers, Turmeric

Boilers, Laser guided land leveler, Wet land leveler, Groundnut wet pod thresher, Combine Harvesters etc)

organizing Trainings & Demonstrations and also for establishment of Solar pump sets.

Out of the total amount proposed, an amount of Rs 10.42 crores which is the unspent balance available

under RKVY 2013-14 was utilized for establishment of Solar Pump sets during 2014-15 @ Rs 1,00,000/-

subsidy from the Department of Agriculture and 30% from New & Renewable Energy Development Ltd.

(NRED). The remaining amount of Rs 56.98 crores was allocated and Rs 22.00 crores was released to all the

districts. The subsidy approved by State Level Sanction Committee (SLSC) is 50% for all the components

supplied under FM component of RKVY scheme.

An amount of Rs 23.54 crores is proposed for supply of Mini Tractors, Power Tillers, Self Propelled

machinery, Animal drawn implements, Tractor drawn implements, Plant protection equipment,

establishment of Farm Machinery Banks for Custom Hiring Center up to Rs. 10 lakh to Rs. 25 lakh and for

organizing trainings & demonstrations to farmers.

Out of the total amount proposed, Rs 7.54 crores was already allocated to the districts for utilization

towards above components. The subsidy pattern varies with the component and category

(SC/ST/Women/SF/MF and other farmer) of farmer as per the SMAM guidelines communicated by

Government of India.

An amount of Rs 9.11 crores was allocated to districts towards supply of Conoweeder, Sprayer, Power

weeder, Drum seeder, Seed drill, Paddy thresher, multi-crop thresher, Self Propelled Paddy Transplanter,

Pumpsets, manual Winnowers, Assistance for Custom Hiring Centers i.e. Puddling with Rotavator, Ridge

Furrow Planters @ 50% subsidy and towards labour charges for spraying with Taiwan Sprayers, Combine

Harvester under NFSM Rice.

6.6.1 Objectives of the scheme

6.6.2 Farm Mechanization – RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana (RKVY)

6.6.3 Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)

6.6.4 Farm Mechanization- National Food Security Mission (NFSM)





6.7 Agricultural credit

Credit occupies an important place in agricultural development strategy. Out of the total projected credit

plan of Rs. 72,119 crores during 2015-16 for Commercial Banks in Telangana, Rs. 30,995 crores credit was

targeted for agriculture and allied activities, which is about 42% of the total credit plan, a 14% increase

over the previous year allocation. About 32% of total credit plan was directed towards crop loans, 7%

towards agricultural term loans, and 3% towards allied activities. Annual credit plan of Telangana 2015-16

is shown in Figure 6.11.

An amount of Rs. 23,209 crores is projected towards Crop Production Loans (Production Credit) in 2015-

16, as against Rs. 18,718 crores in 2014-15. An amount of Rs. 7785.87 crores is projected towards

agriculture term loans including allied activities (Investment Credit) in 2015-16.

1% 3%3%

8%

8%

11%

32%

34%

Educational Loans

Allied Activities

Housing Loans

Agricultural Term Loans

Other Ops

Micro and Small Enterprises

Crop Loans

Source: Annual Credit Plan of Telangana 2015-16, State Level Bankers' Committee (SLBC)

Figure 6.9 Annual credit plan of Telangana, 2015-16

The targets and achievements made in disbursement of credit for agriculture and allied activities from

2009-10 to 2014-15 in Telangana state is presented in Table 6.27. The total agricultural credit disbursed

during 2010-11 was high in terms of percent increase over the target fixed for that year by 43%. The Annual

Credit Plan for 2014-15 was Rs.27234 crores for Telangana towards Agriculture Credit, nearly 100% i.e.,

Rs.27276 crores was disbursed under Agricultural credit. An amount of Rs.18420 crores (98%) was

disbursed under crop loans as against the target of Rs.18,718 crores and an amount of Rs. 5985 crores

(96%) was disbursed as against the target of Rs.6238 crores under Agriculture Term Loans and Rs.2872

crores (126%) was disbursed as against the target of Rs.2,277 crores under Allied activities.

Table 6.27 Disbursement of credit in Telangana (in Rs. Crores)

Year

Crop loan

Agril. Term loans

Allied Agril. activities

Total

Target

Achiev

ement

%

Achiev

ement

Target

Achiev

ement

%

Achiev

ement

Target

Achiev

ement

%

Achiev

ement

Target Achiev

ement

%

Achiev

ement

2009-10 8552 8385 98 1627 2374 146 1133 3033 268 11312 13791 122

2010-11 8938 9392 105 2128 6342 298 2342 3399 145 13407 19132 143

2011-12 10233 11787 115 3298 6749 205 2592 4363 168 16123 22899 142

2012-13 11624 14065 121 2727 5631 206 2967 3893 131 17318 23589 136

2013-14 14440 14897 103 2816 5642 200 2951 3181 108 20207 23720 117

2014-15

18718

18420

98

6238

5985

96

2277

2872

126 27234

27276

100

Source: Department of Agriculture,2016 Govt. of Telangana





6.7.1 National Sample Survey (NSS) Report on All India Debt and Investment Survey: Major findings

for Telangana stateth 70 Round of the National Sample Survey (NSS) on “All India Debt and Investment Survey” (data collected

during January 2013 to December 2013) gives a picture of the credit structure, asset holdings, liabilities,

capital formation of the households etc. (Table 6.28). Some of the highlights of the report pertaining to

Telangana state are listed below:

The average value of assets for cultivators and non-cultivators in the rural Telangana household is Rs.13.9

lakh and Rs. 3.8 lakh respectively while at All-India level it is Rs. 28.7 lakh and Rs. 6.7 lakh respectively.

The average asset value for a rural household of Telangana is Rs. 6.38 lakh and that of urban Telangana is Rs

18.45 lakh, which is 2.9 times higher indicating high inequality between rural and urban population in the

State.

The Incidence of Indebtedness (IOI) among the households in rural areas of Telangana is twice higher than

the IOI of rural All-India. Around 59% of rural households are indebted in Telangana State as against 31% in

All-India.

Indebtedness is higher among the cultivators as compared to other occupational category; about 74% of

cultivators in Telangana are indebted.

While the debt asset ratio among the rural and urban areas of Telangana is around 7.95%

and 8.58% respectively, in case of India it is as low as 3.23% and 3.7% respectively.

Table 6.28 Incidence of Value of assets, Indebtedness and Debt in Telangana and India

Rural Average Value of

Assets (Rs.) Incidence of

Indebtedness (in %) Amount of Debt (Rs.) Debt-Asset Ratio

Telangana Rural

Cultivator 1389460 74 84423 6.1

Non-cultivator 380024 54 39142 10.3

All-India Rural

Cultivator 2872956 46 70580 2.5

Non-cultivator 674527 29 25741 3.8

thSource: NSSO Report on Debt and Investment Survey (70 Round), Government of India.

6.7.2 Crop Loan Waiver Scheme

Indebtedness is one of the major problems that farmers face in the State. As per the “All India Debt and

Investment Survey” by National Sample Survey (NSS), 74% of the total cultivators in the State are

indebted(Table 6.29). The Government of Telangana has announced a one-time crop loan waiver to end the

perpetual indebtedness of farmers through the Crop Loan Waiver Scheme. Table 6.28 showsthe Incidence

of Value of assets, Indebtedness and Debt in Telangana and India.

Under the scheme, short term crops loans (including crop loans against gold) taken by farmers from

scheduled commercial banks, cooperative credit institutions and regional rural banks and outstanding as

on 31.03.2014 are eligible for waiver. The eligible amount for debt waiver is upto Rs.1 lakh, including loan

amount and interest up to 31.08.2014. The waiver is scheduled to be paid in four installments.





Table 6.29 District wise number of beneficiaries and amount released under Crop Loan Waiver Scheme (Rs. Crores)

S. No. District

No. of farmers benefitted as

per UCs

1st year (2014-15) 25% Amount

Credited

2nd year (2015-16) 25% Amount

Credited

Total Amount

Credited in 2installments

1 Adilabad 315026 365.5 365.5 731.1

2 Karimnagar 373267 415.6 415.6 831.3

3 Khammam 358040 409.1 409.1 818.3

4 Mahabubnagar 598990 673.9 673.9 1347.8

5 Medak 396191 483.2 483.2 966.3

6 Nalgonda 496629 587.9 587.9 1175.7

7 Nizamabad 379520 393.4 393.4 786.8

8 Rangareddy 208425 251.2 251.2 502.4

9 Warangal 403856 460.2 460.2 920.3

Total 3529944 4040.0 4040.0 8080.0

Source: Socio Economic Outlook, 2016, Pg No. 33 Planning Dept. Govt. of Telangana

A total of 35.30 lakh farmers are availing benefits under the Crop Loan Waiver Scheme. District wise

analysis shows that Mahabubnagar district was the largest beneficiary (5.99 lakh farmers) availing the

scheme followed by Nalgonda (4.97 lakh farmers) and Warangal (4.04 lakh farmers). A total of Rs. 8,080

croreswas disbursed in two installments.

The Government has constituted audit teams in the districts under the supervision of District Collectors to

check some selected banks for crop loan waiver scheme implementation. The reports are submitted to the

Finance Department by the District Collectors. The State Government is taking all measures to identify and

eliminate bogus beneficiaries under the crop loan waiver scheme.

Three Crop Insurance schemes have been implemented in Telangana State during Kharif& Rabi 2014-15

viz.,

1.National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS)

2. Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS)

3. Modified National Agriculture Insurance scheme (MNAIS)

National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) was introduced from Kharif 2000 season onwards with

involvement of Agriculture Department, Agriculture Insurance Co. (Implementing Agency) and

Directorate of Economics and Statistics.

Under the scheme, 19 crops were covered in Kharif and 10 crops in Rabi. 10% of premium subsidy is

allowed to small and marginal farmers only under National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS).

Objectives

?To provide a measure of financial support to the farmers in the event of yield loss recorded by

conducting Crop Cutting Experiments.

?To restore the credit eligibility of a farmer after a crop failure for the next season.

?To encourage the farmers to adopt progressive farming practices, high value inputs and higher

technology in Agriculture.

?To help stabilize farm incomes, particularly in disaster years.

6.8 Crop Insurance

6.8.1 National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS)





6.8.2 Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS)

6.8.2.1 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS)

6.8.3 Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS)

6.8.4 National Crop Insurance Programme (NCIP)

6.9 Animal health care services

6.9.1 Types of Regular Institutions

6.9.2 Veterinary Biological Research Institute, Hyderabad

For the benefit of farming community, apart from the “National Agricultural Insurance Scheme” (NAIS) for

the first time in the State, the Government has implemented the “Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme”

during Kharif 2009 season. The Scheme aims to mitigate the hardship of the insured farmers due to crop

losses resulting from incidence of adverse deviations of weather parameters like rainfall, temperature,

relative humidity, etc.

To measure the weather parameters “Automatic Weather Stations” (AWS) are established in all the

mandals of the State at the rate of one per mandal. Around 900 AWS are working in the State.

The Government of India introduced Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS) during

Rabi 2010-11 on pilot basis in Warangal District which has many more farmer friendly features such as

covering for localized calamities (hail storm), prevented sowings, coverage for major crops in the district,

coverage on individual farmer basis with 40 to 75% subsidy in premium etc. Rice being a major crop has

been selected for implementation under the scheme, with village being the unit of implementation. The

scheme is successfully under implementation and has been extended to all the districts in the State from

Rabi 2014-15 season.

For the benefit of the farming community the Government of India has issued orders to implement National

Crop Insurance Programme (NCIP) from Kharif 2014 onwards by merging MNAIS & WBCIS in the state

which has many more farmer friendly features.

Animal health plays an important role in the growth of livestock industry, since the livestock production

programs will not be successful without providing necessary safeguards against hazards of animal

diseases. The department has taken up strengthening of existing institutions to improve quality of Animal

Health Services by providing facilities for surgery, disease investigation and treatment. Polyclinics were

established at district headquarters to address this issue. Every mandal has been provided with a

veterinary graduate to effectively render Animal Health Services, support production program and for

prevention and control of livestock diseases.

Veterinary Polyclinics (8), Super Specialty Veterinary Hospital (1), Veterinary Hospitals (101), Veterinary

Dispensaries (917), Mobile Veterinary Clinics (11) and Rural Livestock Units (1105) are functioning to

attend animal health needs throughout Telangana. About 401.66 lakh cases were treated, 2.24 lakh

castrations were done and 325.94 lakh vaccinations were conducted by these institutions during the year

2014-15 (up to 31.12.2014). Proper diagnosis of disease is half the treatment. Towards this end, 9 Animal

Disease Diagnostic Laboratories (ADDLs) were made functional.

The Veterinary Biological Research institute is the main source of production of Viral and Biological

Vaccines in the State and produces nine types of viral and bacterial vaccines. Modernization of vaccine

production laboratories in the V.B.R.I is completed for bacterial, PPR and Sheep Pox vaccines to maintain

GMP standards as per Drugs and cosmetics Rules 1945 and trial batches of vaccine production is under

progress. During the year 2014-15 (up to Dec' 2014), 202.60 Lakh doses of various types of vaccines were

produced by the institute for the livestock population in Telangana state.

The department has established cattle breeding farms at suitable places to support cattle development

activities for producing pedigree bulls in Telangana Region. At present 22 Deoni cattle are maintained at

Deoni Cattle breed farm during 2014-15 (up to 31.12.2014) at Gudgarpally in Medak district.

6.9.3 Government Livestock Farms





6.9.4 Feed and Fodder Development

6.9.5 Sheep Development

6.9.6 Poultry Development

6.9.6.1 Assistance to State Poultry Farms

6.9.7 RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana (RKVY)

6.10 Agricultural prices and marketing

High yielding and nutritious fodder are essential for scientific and economic management of livestock

particularly in cross breeds. It is the endeavour of the department to popularize and propagate the high

yielding fodder crops with the farmers on available arable and non-arable land, as scientific feeding of

livestock is essential for increased productivity of milk and mutton. To intensify this activity, fodder slips,

improved varieties of fodder and pasture seeds have been supplied to farmers with most encouraging

results. 4.64 lakh acres during 2013-14 and 2.69 lakh acres during 2014-15 (up to 31.12.2014) were

brought under fodder cultivation. Fodder development programmes are being taken up under regular plan

schemes to enhance milk production in the state.

Telangana districts have about 129 lakh Sheep and 47 lakh Goats. About 4.5 lakh rural families belonging to

socially and economically backward classes are involved in sheep and goat rearing.

Poultry farming in Telangana State is a dynamic and fast growing segment. The Department besides

extending modern technical know-how to the poultry farmers is attending to the issues of production and

supply of poultry vaccines to protect against various diseases. The Poultry Development Scheme contains

the following component.

The scheme “Assistance to State Poultry Farms” is under implementation. This scheme was implemented in

Government Livestock Farm, Mamnoor, Warangal district during the year 2008-09. Vanaraja / Gramapriya

Multiplication Farm and Hatchery has been established and chicks are being supplied. Necessary

arrangements are also made for capacity building of members on Vanaraja / Gramapriya birds'

management and benefits of the scheme. The farm had produced and supplied 239985 chicks in the field.

22992 farmers have been trained in backyard poultry rearing.

RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana (RKVY) is being implemented in the State, with central assistance to enhance

the overall growth rate of 8% annually from livestock sector during the year 2014-15. Female Calf Feed

Subsidy Programme (“Sunandini”) is a continuous two year programme under the project. Elite female

calves are enrolled under this project and Calf feed, health care and insurance were provided during 2013-st nd

14 (1 year) and during the 2014-15 (2 year) calf feed is being provided to female calves that were already

enrolled. With the implementation of this project there is a considerable impact in reduction in Calf

mortality, early maturity, replacement stock, increase in milk production and increase in income

generation. Regular calf rallies are conducted with enrolled calves to apprise the farmers about the results.

Efficient agricultural markets are important for determining right and remunerative prices for agricultural

commodities. In order to strengthen this infrastructure, the Government has been taking various initiatives

such as

? Agricultural Marketing System: The regulated agricultural marketing system in the State is operating

through a network of Agricultural Market Committees. There are 180 Agricultural Market Committees

in Telangana State. The Government has taken steps to establish 23 more new Market Committees for

the benefit of farmers.

?Agricultural Marketing reforms: To bring about suitable changes in the Agricultural Marketing a State

level committee was constituted in July, 2014. The committee has submitted its report recommending

comprehensive electronic platform services i.e., Computerized Auction system, Check post automation,

online filing of returns, Generation of Electronic transport permits, office automation etc., and also

quality based pricing and warehouse based sales for online trading.





?Construction of scientific godowns: The Government, in collaboration with NABARD, has proposed to

construct godowns at 330 locations with Storage Capacity of 17.075 lakh metric tonnes with an

estimated cost of Rs. 1024.50 crores (Table 6.30).

Table 6.30 District wise details of Godowns being constructed in Telangana

S. No. Name of the District

Sanctioned Godowns

completed Progress Site/Legal problem Capacity in

MTs

Amount (Rs.in Lakhs)

Nos.

1 Mahabubnagar 307500 18450.00 54 39 14 1

2 Medak 230000 13800.00 43 29 14 -

3 Rangareddy 82500 1950.00 19 14 2 3

4 Nalgonda 155000 9300.00 31 26 5 -

5 Khammam 117500 7050.00 25 17 7 1

6 Nizamabad 165000 9900.00 32 27 5 -

7 Warangal 217500 13050.00 45 24 21 -

8 Karimnagar 182500 10950.00 36 28 7 1

9 Adilabad 250000 15000.00 45 36 6 3

Total 1707500 102450.00 330 240 81 9

Source: Agricultural Marketing Department, 2016 ,Govt. of Telangana

Renewed efforts are being put to existing schemes such as Rythu Bandu Pathakam, Mana Kuragayalu

and Rythu Bazars in terms of finance and infrastructure.

Telangana State Co-operative Marketing Societies Federation Limited Hyderabad (T.S.MARKFED) was

reconstituted on 02-6-2014, after the State was bifurcated. It covers nine District Cooperative Marketing

Societies that are undertaking the procurement and marketing of agricultural produce enabling the

farmers to get remunerative prices. These Societies had a business turnover of Rs. 201.48 crores in 2013-

14 compared to Rs.59.17 crore in the previous year. It has only one feed mixing plant in Karimnagar and one

cotton ginning plant in Adilabad.

The Rythu Bandhu Pathakam is being implemented since 1990. But the scheme was not popular among the

farmers as the upper limit of the loan amount under the scheme was only Rs. 1.00 lakh. After having

consultations with farmers, the Government of Telangana has issued revised guidelines by enhancing the

ceiling limit of the loan amount to Rs. 2.00 lakhs without any interest up to 180 days to avoid distress sales.

The renewal period of Rythu Bandhu Pathakam card is also extended to 5 years as against the 3 years

existing earlier. The department spent Rs. 1.74 crores during 2014-15 for providing pledge loan to farmers

to help them avoid distress sale of their produce. 1111 farmers in 2013-14 benefited as against 953 farmers

in 2012-13 under Rythu Bandhu Pathakam.

There is a network of 36 Rythu Bazars in the State. On an average about 3355 farmers sell over 8,000 to

10,000 lakh quintals of vegetables, every week through these Rythu Bazars directly to the consumers.

Mobile Rythu Bazars are operating in Hyderabad and Secunderabad cities for selling graded vegetables.

This has proved to be successful.

Agricultural prices cover prices of agricultural products (output prices) and prices of requisites for

agricultural production (input prices) at various stages of marketing. In India, the main objective of the

6.10.1 Telangana State Cooperative Marketing Societies Federation Limited Hyderabad

(T.S. MARKFED)

6.10.2 Rythu Bandhu Pathakam

6.10.3 Rythu Bazars

6.10.4 Agricultural prices





Government's price policy for agricultural produce, aims at ensuring remunerative prices to the growers

for their produce with a view to encourage higher investment and production. Towards this end, minimum

support prices for major agricultural products are announced each year which are fixed after taking into

account, the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).

The average farm harvest prices received by farmers and the minimum support prices of major crops

grown in Telangana from 2010-10 to 2014-15 is presented in Table 6.31. The data in the table reveals that

except for maize in 2013-14 and 2014-15 and for red gram, groundnut in 2013-14, the average farm

harvest prices received by the farmers is more than the minimum support prices announced by the

government during the respective years.

Table 6.31 Average Farm harvest and Minimum Support Prices of major agricultural commodities in Telangana (in Rs/quintal)

Year 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Ave. Farm

harvest price

MSP Ave. Farm

harvest price

MSP Ave. Farm

harvest price

MSP Ave. Farm

harvest price

MSP Ave. Farm

harvest price

MSP

Paddy 987 1000 1065 1080 1394 1250 1459 1310 1432 1360

Jowar 1363 900 2014 1000 1945 1520 2000 1520 2093 1550

Bajra 1137 880 1078 980 1288 1175 1753.62 1250 1242.13 1250

Maize 965 880 1018 980 1231 1175 1256 1310 1193 1310

Redgram 3255 3000 3398 3200 3868 3850 3946 4300 4848 4350

Greengram 3320 3170 3452 3500 3975 4400 4795 4500 5673 4600

Cottonkapas 4095 2500 3725 2800 3619 3600 4469 3700 3895 3750

Groundnut pods 3567 2300 3965 2700 4645 3700 3443 4000 4336 4000

Castor seeds 3162 - 3303 - 3431 - 3442 - 3940 -

Chillies (Dry) 7808 - 5719 - 6258 - 7018 - 7799 -

Source: Statistical Year Book, 2016, DES, Government of Telangana

In Table 6.32 a comparison was made between estimated cost of production, average farm harvest prices

and minimum support prices of major agricultural crops grown in Telangana from 2011-12 to 2014-15

using the estimated cost of cultivation data obtained from the Department of Agriculture, Telangana state.

Except for jowar, maize, greengram and groundnut for all other crops the estimated cost of production

(paid out costs only) is higher than their respective farm harvest and minimum support prices, which needs

to be considered by the policy makers for necessary action.

Source: Department of Agriculture and Statistical Year Book, 2016,DES, Government of Telangana

Table 6.32 Cost of production, farm harvest price and minimum support prices of major crops in Telangana (in Rs/q)

Crop 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

CoP FHP MSP CoP FHP MSP CoP FHP MSP CoP FHP MSP

Paddy 1456 1065 1080 1344 1394 1250 1736 1459 1310 1979 1432 1360

Jowar 919 2014 1000 1099 1945 1520 1406 2000 1520 1649 2093 1550

Bajra 1782 1078 980 1054 1288 1175 1525 1754 1250 1671 1242 1250

Maize 745 1018 980 602 1231 1175 675 1256 1310 1119 1193 1310

Redgram 4840 3398 3200 3326 3868 3850 3698 3946 4300 4717 4848 4350

Greengram 2332 3452 3500 2082 3975 4400 2498 4795 4500 3606 5673 4600

Cotton kapas

5210 3725 2800 3834 3619 3600 3983 4469 3700 5503 3895 3750

Groundnut pods

1425 3965 2700 1525 4645 3700 1780 3443 4000 1717 4336 4000

CoP – Cost of production, FHP – Farm harvest price, MSP – Minimum support price





6.11 Government programs and schemes

6.11.1 Action Plan to Ameliorate Impact of Drought

6.11.2 State's Agriculture Vision

1. The State Government prepared an action plan for minimizing the adverse impact of drought in the

State. In order to undertake these activities, the State Government (through Drought

Memorandum) requested the Government of India for assistance of Rs. 2515.03 crores. In

response, the High Level Committee constituted by the Government of India provided an assistance

of Rs. 791 crores from the National Disaster Relief Fund (NDRF) in respect of drought in Telangana.

2. The Government proposes to distribute input subsidy to drought affected farmers. In order to

assess the crop damages and to ensure that input subsidy reaches the eligible population, the State

Government constituted joint teams consisting of Revenue and Agriculture officials to enumerate

crop damages and prepare list of beneficiaries. It is estimated that an amount of Rs. 863 crores is

required towards input subsidy as per Government of India norms for assisting about 20.9 lakh

farmers in the State.

3. Horticultural crops such as fruit plantation and vegetable crops were affected in five districts due to

drought. It is estimated that about 6,830 hectares crop was damaged by more than 33 percent due

to drought. It is proposed to assist 7,136 small and marginal farmers with input subsidy of Rs. 9.65

crores.

4. The Drought has lead to a lesser availability of fodder for the livestock leading to nutritional

deficiencies. It is proposed to organize cattle camps in 231 drought declared mandals of Telangana.

The affected cattle will be provided fodder, feed, mineral mixture and medicine besides drinking

water. It is proposed to provide an amount of Rs. 2.4 crores for transporting rice straw or maize or

sorghum stovers from surplus areas by needy farmers in drought affected mandals.

5. There are about 2 lakh fishermen who are unable to earn their livelihood due to reduced water

spread area. It is proposed to provide nets and financial assistance to drought hit fishermen.

6. The Government of India issued instructions providing an additional 50 days of wage employment

under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGA) in the drought

affected mandals as relief employment.

Despite the constraints, it is important to improve the agricultural situation in the state, duly harnessing

the available agricultural potential and integrating it with technology and resources. Keeping in view the

future requirements of agricultural production, a vision for Telangana is framed as put forth here under

Empowering the farmers in seed management, enabling them to acquire good quality seed at the

right time and at affordable cost

Making farming a commercially viable endeavor

Providing easy access to inputs, finance, technology and IT

Increasing irrigated area by utilizing the available surface and groundwater potential

Providing means for land development for efficient soil and water management

Providing trained extension staff for technology transfer at the door steps of farmers

Identifying the yield gaps and bridging them through suitable technologies

Motivating the farmers to adopt Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and balanced fertilization

with necessary demonstration and training support

Providing short term weather forecasting for instant action

Promoting farm mechanization through access to farm machinery and equipment at affordable

cost

Strengthening IT to help the farmer in accessing information on weather, input availability and

markets

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Improving water use efficiency through drip and sprinkler irrigation

Empowering the farmers for eco-friendly agriculture through INM and IPM

New Initiatives for Sustainable Agriculture Development

6.11.3 New Initiatives for Sustainable Agriculture Development

6.11.3.1 Strategy – Making Vision a Reality

6.11.3.2 Telangana as the Seed Bowl of India

To make the vision a reality the following flagship schemes in agriculture sector during 2014-15 are

implemented.

Availability of diverse agro-climatic regions with cool and dry weather conditions round the year made

Telangana a congenial place for cultivating crops and production of quality seed. Since Hyderabad has

excellent logistics facilities and is strategically located in the middle of the country connecting East-West

and North-South regions, there is a high potential for the State to become a 'Seed Bowl of the Country'.

About 90-95% of hybrid rice seed production in the country is being taken up by different seed companies

in Warangal and Karimnagar districts. Nizamabad supplies 100 percent seed requirements of hybrid jowar

and bajra for the country.

The State produces around 37.42 lakh quintals of seeds of various crops every year, consisting of paddy,

hybrid paddy, maize, cotton, bengalgram, etc.

The potential of the seed industry in Telangana is as follows

More than 60 percent of the nation's seed requirement is being supplied from Telangana.

All districts of Telangana are suitable for seed production.

Production of seeds of all major crops.

Cool and dry weather conditions helps in enhancing shelf life of seeds.

Availability of efficient and economic seed processing plants and storage facilities.

More than 400 seed companies are operating in and around Hyderabad

Presence of International, National and State institutes engaged in seed development such as, National

Seeds Corporation (NSC), International Crops Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Indian

Institute of Rice Research (IRR), Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research (IIOR), Indian Institute of Millets

Research (IIMR), Telangana State Seeds Development Corporation (TSSDC), Telangana State Seed

Certification Agency (TSSCA), and State Agricultural Universities.

Taking cognizance of the potential, the Government of Telangana has taken initiatives to develop modern

infrastructural facilities such as assured power supply, provision of irrigation, seed storage go down and

capacity building programs for all stake holders for the growth of the seed industry in Telangana. The

strategies followed by the Government include:

Delineation of the suitable seed production clusters

Strengthening of seed village programme

Promoting seed production of millets, oilseeds, forage crops etc, as a social responsibility of seed

industry

Adoption of non-traditional areas for the seed industry

Revival of all State Seed Farms

Support for developing post-harvest facilities like seed processing plants, storage and

transportation

Exploring the additional export potential

Dedicated seed cell to co-ordinate all seed programmes

Promotion of seed production co-operative societies

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The main objective of the Seed Village Program (SVP) is to ensure production and multiplication of

certified/quality seeds of all crops and making them available to the farmers at affordable prices and to

attain the required SRR in different crops. There are 10 Seed Farms in the State with 536 hectares of

cultivable area. The main objective is to produce foundation seed and supply them under Seed Village

Scheme.

Apart from tapping the domestic markets, the seed industry has got huge export potential as (i) there is lot 0 0 of scope for marketing of seeds to the countries lying between 30 N and 30 S latitudes and (ii) due to

similar agro climatic conditions and consumption pattern seed could be exported to Africa, Indonesia,

Vietnam, Bangladesh and other developing countries.

In view of rapid changes in agricultural technology, it is necessary that the farmer's knowledge and skills

are updated through extension services. As a part of agricultural extension, it is proposed to impart

necessary knowledge, technology and new skills to farmers' community through following schemes

Exploring the possibilities for development of Global Seed Valley / Hub

Promotion of Public-Private Partnership in seed production.

The Department of Agriculture prepared a seed production plan for five years, which aims at attaining 100

percent Seed Replacement Ratio (SRR) in coordination with the universities and other agencies. The

Government has initiated all necessary steps to strengthen the seed chain by involving various Research

Institutions, Government Departments, and private seed producing agencies.

6.11.3.3 Seed Village Program

6.11.3.4 Export Potential of Seed Industry

6.11.3.5 Strengthening of Agricultural Extension

Figure 6.11 Training Program - Mana Vyavasayam

?Mana Telangana - Mana Vyavasayam: Mana Telangana - Mana Vyavasayam scheme was

undertaken prior to the commencement of Kharif season, 2015, covering the agricultural

populated habitations in all the mandals of 9 districts of the State (except Hyderabad). In order to

give a holistic training Mana Telangana - Mana Vyavasayam team, comprising of officers from

various departments such as Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Horticulture and Sericulture

participated in the training programs, creating awareness among farmers about the welfare

programs undertaken by the Government and give effective input planning for Kharif/Rabi season.

?GramaJyothi: The Government of Telangana launched Gram Jyothi program as a logical

continuation to Mana Ooru-Mana Pranalika. The objective of the programme is to improve the

service delivery to the people in core sectors through strengthening of the Gram Panchayats by

bringing together the efforts of various independent departments. GramaJyothi aims at





synergizing the developmental activities of the departments by achieving functional and financial

convergence through preparation of Gram Panchayat Developmental Plans. It seeks to exploit the

enormous collective energy of the people by making them active partners in the development

process, decision making and take good advantage of the social capital at the village level. The goal

of GramaJyothi is to bring in much desired accountability, transparency in the functioning of public

institutions working at village level and make them responsive to the needs of the people.

?T & V Monthly Workshops: Training & Visit (T&V) monthly workshops are being held regularly at

identified research stations of Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU)

in all districts, where the departmental officers and scientists of PJTSAU discuss about the present

crop situation and suitable measures that are needed to be adopted to overcome the challenges.

?Farmers & Farm Women Trainings: The Farmer Training Centers (FTCs) located in the districts

are entrusted with the responsibility of conducting the training programs to the farmers and

impart knowledge on various subjects such as SMSRI method, organic farming, post-harvest

technology, rodent control, drip irrigation, IPM, INM, farm mechanization and water management.

Under Farm Women Empowerment Program, skill based trainings are organized for women

farmers to upgrade their skills and knowledge.

?Training of farmers on Integrated Farming: Farming alone will not be profitable to farmers.

Training programs are being organized to farmers through nine FTCs to undertake crop

diversification along with other allied activities such as dairy farming, poultry, floriculture,

sericulture, fish farming, beekeeping, composting and production of gobar gas to get maximum

benefits by proper utilization of available resources in their farm holdings and ensure constant

flow of income throughout the year. It is also proposed to conduct one training program per year to

50 young farmers in each village.

?Training of farmers on Development of Crop Colonies: There is a necessity to increase the

productivity of rice, maize, redgram, bengalgram, groundnut, soyabean, castor, and oilseed crops in

Telangana State. It is proposed to develop crop colonies and improve cultivation practices to

achieve maximum production in these crops by conducting training programmes in the districts

through 9 FTCs to the farmers during 2015-16. It is proposed to conduct one training programme in

Kharif and one in Rabi season to impart training to 50 farmers at cluster level on production of Rice,

Maize, Pulses and Oilseeds crops.

?Training to Young Farmers: Youth is not attracted towards farming due to poor returns and other

problems such as availability of credit, technology, extension services, shortage of labour etc. This

is due to lack of knowledge on modernization of agriculture and efficient utilization of available

resources among the farming community.

Thus, there is need to design the training such that it should create interest among the young

farmers towards farming and should generate the feeling that farming is financially remunerative

to them. Therefore it is proposed to take up intensive trainings to farmers, farm women and young

farmers through 9 FTCs to orient them towards farming. It is proposed to conduct one training per

year in each mandal.

?Zonal Research & Extension Advisory Council (ZREAC): Zonal Research & Extension Advisory

Council meetings are being organized twice during every year before kharif and rabi seasons.

Research scientists from University and extension workers of Department of Agriculture will

attend the conference and exchange their experiences on seasonal conditions, suitable crop

varieties and crop related problems and prepare a plan for the next season. The recommendations

of ZREAC will be communicated to the extension staff to follow up in the ensuing crop seasons.

?Apart from these programs, it is proposed to appoint 1000 posts of Agricultural Extension Officers.

This will establish close and effective contact with farmers at field level and enable a vibrant

extension network in the State.





6.11.3. National e-Governance Plan – Agriculture (NeGP-A)

6.11.3.7 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)

6.11.3.8 National Food Security Mission (NFSM)

6.11.3.9 Rice distribution

6.11.3.10 Mission Kakatiya

NeGP-A has been approved by Government of India (GoI) which is a part of Sub Mission on Agriculture

Extension under NMAET. NeGP-A is proposed to be implemented across the country and aims at offering

Government to Citizen / Farmer (G2C or G2F), Government to Business (G2B) and Government to

Government (G2G) agricultural services in an integrated manner through the Central Agriculture Portal

(CAP) and State Agriculture Portals (SAPs). GoI is procuring hardware up to block level centrally. Before the

hardware is supplied amount has been released for site preparation i.e., electrical works and furniture for

Blocks and Training Centers. Amount has been released for connectivity and setting up of Project

Monitoring Unit (PMU) for 2 months. Total amount of Rs. 66.55 lakhs has been released by GoI during this

financial year.

RKVY is one of the flagship programmes of Government of India with 100% Central Aid being implemented

with an objective to achieve annual growth rate in excess of 4% in theAgriculture sector.

The departments covered in RKVY scheme are Agriculture & allied sectors such as Agriculture,

Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Dairy Development, Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State

Agriculture University, Horticultural University, Veterinary University, AGROS, Sericulture, T.S. MARKFED

& Food Processing (Industries), etc.

Thrust on farm mechanization as the availability of farm labour and escalated labour cost has become

major concerns for present day farming. More mechanized farm equipment to the farmers is being

provided so that they can undertake timely agriculture activities. As per the requirement of the farmers,

equipment such as Tractors, Tillers, Custom Hiring Centers for High Cost Machinery like Multi Crop

Threshers, Maize Sheller, Rotovators and combined harvesters etc., are made available with the subsidy up

to 50%, not exceeding Rs. 50,000/-. The allocations under RKVY to Telangana state is Rs. 195.27 crores

during the year 2014-15.

thNFSM - the flagship scheme launched by Government of India during the 11 plan is continued with in the

th12 plan. Under National Food Security Mission the Government of India has envisaged certain objectives

thduring the 12 Plan i.e. Government of India provides 100% financial assistance for implementation of the

scheme. An amount of Rs. 85.43 crores is allocated under NFSM during the year 2014-15.

A whopping 87.57 lakh eligible families, approximately 2,86,00,000 (two crore eighty six lakh) stbeneficiaries, are being supplied rice from 1 January, 2015 at 6 kilograms per person at Re. 1 per kg

without any ceiling on the number of members in the family. More than 1.80 lakh MT of rice per month

would be required for this purpose. Rs. 1,597 was being spent on the subsidy.

To arrive at the eligibility of the BPL families, the family income limit in rural areas has been increased to Rs.

1.50 lakh and in urban areas to Rs. 2 lakh. The land ceiling has also been increased to 3.5 acres of wet land

and 7.5 acres of dry land.

The Government started supplying superfine rice, or SannaBiyyam, to schools and hostels benefitting 56

lakh students annually with an additional outlay of Rs. 120 crores. More than 12,500 MT of rice is being

distributed for the purpose.

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A flagship program of the government aimed at restoring 46,531 tanks in five years spending Rs. 20,000

crores. Works of about 8,000 tanks, costing Rs. 3,000 crores, were completed during the first phase and the

second phase works have been initiated. This initiative will improve the ground water table, reduce the

power consumption by farm sector, get higher yields, spur the growth of livestock and rejuvenate rural

economy on the whole.





6.11.3.11 Haritha Haram

6.11.3.12 Land distribution to Dalits

6.11.4 Government initiatives related to horticulture

6.11.4.1 Major Schemes for promotion of Horticulture in Telangana

Another flagship program of the government, Telangana ku Haritha Haram envisages increasing the green

cover of the State from the present 25.16 to 33 percent of the total geographical area. A total of 230 crore

seedlings would be planted in the coming three years. Fifty lakh saplings would be planted in GHMC limits

alone this monsoon. Forest Department and District Water Management Agency (DWMA) have made ready

41 crore saplings for this year. Rs 325 crore has been set aside in the FY 2015-16 for the purpose.

Another significant welfare scheme of the government that provides 3 acres of agricultural land to landless

SC women, along with the provision for creation of irrigation facilities, land development and other

agricultural inputs for their sustained livelihood. Government distributed 2,524 acres of land to 959 Dalits

spending Rs. 94 crores in the first year.

The Department of Horticulture is implementing various schemes with main thrust on core program to

give a boost to horticulture sector and to tap available potential for the development of horticulture sector

in the State. The major programs are Micro Irrigation Project (MIP), Mission for Integrated Development of

Horticulture (MIDH), Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), National Mission for Oilseeds and Oil Palm

Mission (NMOOP) and State Plan Schemes.

During the year 2014-15, an amount of Rs.452.75 crores was allotted for Promotion of horticulture

Activities, Beautification of Public Gardens and the construction of Poly houses in1000 acres on 75%

subsidy @ Rs.29.52 lakhs per acre, limited to 3 acres per beneficiary during 2014-15.

1) Micro Irrigation Project: The micro irrigation benefits farmers with less fertilizer, pesticide use,

labour cost, whose major objective is of achieving more productivity with less water through Micro

Irrigation system. Estimated monetary benefits accruing through micro irrigation in the State is

given in Table 6.33.

Table 6.33 Impact evaluation of the Telangana State Micro Irrigation Project

1 Area covered 5.33 lakh ha (13.17 lakh acres)

2 Additional productivity Rs.790.20 Cr @ Rs.6000/- per acre

3 Labour Saving Rs.263.40 Cr @ Rs 2000/- per Acre

4 Fertilizer & Pesticides Saving Rs.131.70 Cr @ Rs 1000/- per Acre

5 Energy saving Rs 171.21 Cr @ Rs 4/- per Unit

6 Water saved (145.4 TMC) Rs 13,170 Cr @ Rs1.00 lakh /Acre)

Source: Department of Agriculture, 2016, Government of Telangana

In view of the importance of micro irrigation, the subsidy is extended up to 5 hectares of land to all

categories of farmers as compared to the earlier limitation of Rs. 1.0 lakh subsidy per family with coverage

of 1 Ha in erstwhile Andhra Pradesh. 80 percent to other farmers , 90 percent to small and marginal farmers

and 100 percent subsidy is being provided to farmers belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

Farmers having once availed subsidy under MIP are eligible for fresh sanctions after a period of 5years.

During the year 2015-16, it is proposed to cover an area of 39,620 hectares and so far about 39,857 hectares

is covered under the scheme.

2) Establishment of Green Houses/ Polyhouses: Polyhouses scheme is being implemented since 2014-

15 with the following major objectives: (i) Enhancing productivity per unit area, (ii) Promotion of high

value horticulture crops under Poly houses, and (iii) Year round production of flower and vegetable crops.

Farmers are provided 75 percent subsidy with a maximum of Rs 29.52 lakhs per acre. Beneficiaries are

Organic Farming Fields of Cherukuri Ramarao





eligible up to a minimum of 200 sq.mt. and maximum of 3 acres. Preference is given to small farmers with a

landholding of 0.5 to 1.0 acre area. The farmers are given choice for construction of poly houses on their

own or through registered companies. So far in an extent of 245 acres works were initiated and the number

of beneficiaries covered is 196, in Rangareddy, Medak, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda and Karimnagar districts.

3) Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture: to promote holistic growth of horticulture

sector through research, technology promotion, extension, post-harvest management, processing and

marketing , a sub scheme of National Horticulture Mission, Mission for Integrated Development of

Horticulture scheme is being implemented. Rs. 109.77 crore have been allocated for implementation of this

scheme during 2015-16, of which Rs.47.60 crore have been spent so far on activities such as establishment

of new gardens, rejuvenation of gardens, training, farm mechanization and post-harvest management etc.

Post-Harvest Management: Under this scheme, the focus is on development of post-harvest

infrastructure facilities like Pack houses, Cold storages, Refer Vans, Ripening Chambers etc. since

horticulture crops are highly perishable and require special attention on harvesting, handling, packaging,

storage and processing operations. Assistance is extended to 8 Cold storages, 3 Ripening Chambers and 55

Turmeric boiling units.

4) Establishment of Centre of Excellence for fruits, flowers and vegetables crops: To supply quality

seeds and planting material for farmers growing horticultural crops, two Centres of Excellence for fruits,

flowers and vegetable crops are being established at Jeedimetla in Rangareddy and Mulugu in Medak

district apart from providing demonstration and training. A Centre of Excellence for Fruits is also proposed

to be established as an Indo-Israeli Project, incorporating all the aspects of fruit cultivation right from

planting to post-harvest management.

It is proposed to set up Telangana Horticulture Development Corporation, to promote procurement,

storage, processing and marketing of horticulture products in the State. 'Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State

Horticulture University' has been set up at Mulugu in Medak District.

5) Urban Farming : The objective of the Urban Farming Scheme is to encourage urban households to

produce sufficient quantities of vegetables throughout the year. Government is providing seed mini kits,

poly bags, potting mixture, neem cake, neem oil and tools at 50% subsidy to cultivate vegetables on terrace

and balconies in urban areas.

Organic Farming Fields of Cherukuri Ramarao





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6.11.5 Mana Vooru- Mana Kurgayalu Program

The outlay proposed under Vegetable Initiatives for Urban Clusters (VIUC) is Rs.625.00 lakhs. The scheme

is for Strengthening of Vegetable Value chain and creating Marketing linkages in 3 districts i.e.

Mahabubnagar, Medak & Rangareddy which are main feeders of Hyderabad market. Major components are

supply of hybrid vegetable seeds, permanent pandals, trollies, shade net houses, collection centers, etc.

The Department provides incentives for encouraging the farmers to take up the floriculture activity.

Floriculture is one of the focus areas of Horticulture and has significant potential for exports. Bathukamma

festival declared as State festival is basically a festival of flowers decorating the Goddess in which people of

Telangana repose their faith and is expected to provide impetus to the coming years.

Inauguration of program at Medak

6.11.6 Government initiatives related to livestock

6.11.6.1 Mana Vooru – Mana Paadi Pranalika

6.11.7 Major Schemes for Development of Animal Husbandry

“MANA VOORU – MANA PAADI PRANALIKA” is another innovative program launched by the Government

by way of pooling resources, manpower and convergence of various Government Schemes. Initially 425

Milk Producers' Co-operative Societies are identified. The Sree Nidhi Credit Co-operative Federation Ltd.,

has come forward for promotion of dairy activities in the State of Telangana by extending loans for

purchase of milch animals with a condition that, the milk will be supplied to the Village Milk Collection

Center (VMCC) of Telangana State Dairy Federation, without any interruption.

The initiatives taken up have resulted in increase of milk procurement in Telangana State from 1.27 lakh

litres per day (end of October i.e. before announcement of the incentive) to 2.01 lakh litres per day as on 26-

1-2015.

(i) Cash Incentive to Dairy Farmers: Among small and marginal farmers in Telangana for about 22 lakh

farmers, Milch animal rearing is an important economic activity providing sustainable income. Due to

increase in the cost of feed ingredients, reduced fodder sources, increase in labour cost etc., there is a high

fluctuation in milk rate, making it an un-profitable economic activity.

The gap between demand and supply of milk has increased, which resulted in middlemen involved in milk

marketing to adopt malpractices such as adulteration of milk and also production of synthetic milk which

are unsafe for human consumption





The Government of Telangana has been providing a cash incentive of Rs.4 per litre of milk to dairy farmers

supplying milk to the State Dairy Federation from 1.11.2014 with a view to encourage the farmers to

produce more milk, All the milk producers who are supplying milk to the State Dairy Federation through

village Milk Producers Co-operative societies (MPCS), Milk Producers Association Centres (MPAC) and

Village Dairy Development committees (VDDC) are eligible for the incentive under the Scheme.

Table 6.34 Status of Milk Procurement

S No. Name of the Milk Shed

Achievement

No. of pourers Milk Procurement (in litres)

01-11-2014 26-01-2015 01-11-2014 26-01-2015

1 Medak 4250 12421 27053 37777

2 Nizamabad 8336 10572 31188 29037

3 Khammam 2478 6250 5518 12690

4 Warangal 9420 15550 34254 47001 5 Mahabubnagar 7915 10700 29449 69869 6 Adilabad 0 398 0 2204 7

Nalgonda

0

195

0

1358

8

Karimnagar

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190

0

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Total

32399

56276

127462

201328

(ii) Power subsidy to Poultry Industry: The State produces over 3.5 crore eggs per day (i.e. 25% of th

country's production) and l/10 of countries broiler meat production. Due to the abnormal increase in feed

prices and steep fall in egg and broiler prices, Government is providing power subsidy to the poultry sector

(layer farms, broiler farms, breeder farms, hatcheries, feed mills & egg powder plants) at Rs.2 per unit from

01.12.2014. Telangana State is the leading State in Poultry industry in the country.

(iii) Animal Health Activities: To improve quality of Animal Health Services the department has taken up

strengthening of existing institutions by providing facilities for surgery, disease investigation and

treatment. Polyclinics were established at district headquarters. Every mandal has been provided with a

veterinary graduate to effectively render Animal Health Services, support production program and for

prevention and control of livestock diseases.

(iv) Feed and Fodder Development: It is aimed to popularize and propagate high yielding fodder crops

among the farmers on available arable and non-arable land, as scientific feeding of livestock is essential for

increased productivity of milk and mutton. To intensify this activity, improved varieties of fodder seeds

have been supplied to farmers with most encouraging results. 74100 acres of land have been brought under

fodder cultivation with the expected production of 2.99 lakh MTs of superior quality dry fodder and 1482

MTs of fodder seed has been supplied during the year 2015.

(v) Mass Sheep and Goat De-worming Program: Extensive sheep and goat management is practiced in

the State. Sheep and Goat population in Telangana districts is about 175.50 lakhs and over 2.50 lakh

families are benefited by rearing of sheep and goat. Due to depleting feeding resources, sheep flock migrate

from one place to another place in search of green fodder. Due to grazing habit on ground, parasitic worm

load is one of the common problems in sheep management leading to poor growth and production loss and

is also responsible for lamb mortality at early age leading to heavy loss to Shepherd community.





Mass Sheep and Goat Deworming Programme

Three rounds of Mass Sheep and Goat Deworming Programs are being planned covering the entire sheep

and goat population in the State in a campaign mode for the year 2015-16 free of cost.

78 reservoirs over an area of about 1.85 lakh hectares, and 35,031 tanks spreading over an area of 4.01 lakh

hectares, come under the resource base of fisheries in the State. The Government simplified the procedures

for registration through the issuance of simplified guidelines. So far 474 ponds covering an area of 781

hectares has been issued with certificate of registration.

a) Strengthening of Fisheries Data Base and Networking: the inland water bodies are being mapped by

Central Inland Capture Fisheries Research Institute, Barrack pore with Remote Sensing Technology under

this scheme. This scheme is fully funded by the Government of India.

b) Group Accident Insurance Scheme (GAIS) for Fishermen: Under Group Accident Insurance Scheme

for fishermen premium is Rs. 20.27 per head which is shared equally by Central and State Governments at

the rate of Rs.10.135 per fisherman. The Ex-gratia payable is Rs. 2,00,000/- in case of death/permanent

disability and Rs. 1,00,000/- in case of partial disability and a cover of Rs. 10,000/- towards hospitalization

expenses in the event of accident. The Government of Telangana is also paying Rs. 1 lakh as ex-gratia to the

dependents of the deceased fishermen in addition to the amount payable under GAIS. The lives of 3.07 lakh

fishermen are insured for the year 2015-16.

c) Development of Fisheries: A comprehensive 'scheme for Fisheries Development' is being

implemented with an objective to improve productivity, reduce post harvest losses, increase livelihood

support and welfare of fishermen in capturing and culturing of fisheries. Infrastructure and beneficiary

oriented programs such as Construction of Community Halls for Inland fishermen (including SC/ST),

Supply of Boats and nets to reservoir, Assistance for Retail Fish Marketing, Establishment of fish/prawn

farm or Fish Seed Farm or Fish Hatchery etc. undertaken as a part of this scheme. The government has

proposed an outlay of Rs. 3856.72 lakhs for this scheme.

6.11.8 Government Initiatives for Fisheries Development

6.11.9 Major Schemes of the Government include





Box 6.2: Cage culture in Telangana

Cage culture is being looked upon as an opportunity to utilize existing reservoirs for greater

production of fish in the State, besides increasing income of fishermen. At present in following

reservoirs cage culture projects are being undertaken (i) Koilsagar, Mahabubnagar; (ii) Lower

Manair Dam, Karimnagar; (iii) Kadam, Adilabad; (iv) Ashoksagar (Unit 1), Nizamabad; (v)

Ashoksagar (Unit 2), Nizamabad, and (vi) Palair, Khammam.

The project was under taken with a total outlay of Rs. 1.67 crore of which NFDB's subsidy is Rs.

67.04 Lakh (40%) and subsidy from Government of Telangana is Rs. 100.56 lakh (60%). The project

aims to launch protein rich, fish based products for the domestic market at affordable prices along

with providing employment to local fishermen.

6.11.10 Fisherwomen Self Help Groups- Matsya Mitra Groups (MMGs)

6.12 Sericulture

6.12.1 Catalytic Development Program

6.12.2 Providing incentive to the farmers and the silk reelers for their produce

rs

Fisherwomen Self Help Groups called MatsyaMitra Groups (MMGs) were set up in the State. There are 383

Fisherwomen Coop. Societies, with a total membership of 1068. The MMGs are organized within

Fisherwomen Coop. Societies. So far 868 MMGs covering 8700 fisherwomen are organized in Telangana

State. These MMGs prepare their Micro business plan and take income generating schemes for improving

their economic condition. Revolving fund is given to the group under Chief Minister package and RKVY @

Rs.25,000 per group of 10 to 15 women. The groups also approach the bank for taking loans to augment

their resources. The financial assistance of Rs.138.65 lakhs is released to 550 MMGs in Telangana State so

far.

Pochampalli, Kothakota, Narayanpet and Gadwal are the major places where the silk yarn can be consumed

and there is a high potential and scope to introduce further increase in production of not only mulberry silk

but also Tassar silk.

Different schemes are being implemented under different programmes for Sericulture Development in the

State of Telangana, which are aimed to improve production of international Grade Bivoltine Silk and to

meet the gap between supply and demand of silk, transfer of technology to the farmers through Technical

Service Centres, preparation of High Yielding Varieties of Mulberry, economic conservation of water,

promoting private chawkie rearing units for supply of chawkie worms, promoting construction of a

separate rearing sheds and providing marketing facilities to farmers through cocoon markets.

Catalytic Development Program is being implemented by the Government of Telangana in co-ordination

with the Central Silk Board, Bengaluru (Govt. of India) for the production of international 2A and above

graded Bivoltine silk in Telangana. The stake holders will be provided financial assistance for components

of farm, and nonfarm activities Under this scheme. An amount of Rs. 545.63 lakhs of Central share subsidy

and state matching share of Rs.383.15 lakhs was released for implementation of the CDP schemes during

the year 2014-15.

Under the scheme, the stake holders are being provided production incentive of Rs 20/- per Kg for

production of CB Cocoons, Rs 50/- per Kg of BV Cocoons, Rs 35/- per Kg of Silk produced on Charka, Cottage

basin, and Rs 80/- per Kg for CB silk produced on Multi end and Rs 150/-per Kg of BV Silk of above 2A grade

of international grade produced on Multi-end / Automatic Reeling Machinery. During 2014-15 production

incentive of Rs. 108.60 lakhs was released towards reeling cocoons and Rs. 35.16 lakhs was released

towards silk incentive.





6.12.3 Yarn support price to the silk weavers

Telangana has traditional silk weaving heritage for the production of Traditional silk sarees, Dhotis, Dress

material of South India, being produced by handlooms. There is an imperative need for sustenance of

traditional handloom silk weaving activity in the state by poor weavers due to steep fluctuations in the

prices of raw silk and twisted yarn. The traditional silk handloom weavers are unable to continue the

activity due to increase in production cost of silk fabric on handlooms. To safeguard the handloom sector, an

amount of Rs.600/- towards incentive for purchase of 4 kg of silk yarn in a month per family is being

provided under Silk yarn support Scheme to weavers. During 2014-15, an amount of Rs. 246.252 lakhs was

released to implement the yarn support scheme.

Tassar sericulture is one of the major livelihoods for the tribals of interior forest areas where abundant food

plantation is available.The State is bestowed with 8200 acres of forest flora of T. tomentosa and T. arjuna for

production of Tassar cocoons by the tribal's in the districts of Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam and

Warangal. Telangana ranks fourth in Tassar cocoon production in the country.

Tassar culture involves all the activities pertaining to rearing of Tassar silkworm (Antheraeamylitta drury),

harvesting of Tassar cocoons, production of Tassar silk yarn from cocoons and weaving of Tassar yarn into

fabric. The major producers in the sector include Silkworm rearers, yarn producers and weavers.

?Soils of Telangana are well drained to moderately well drained and provide favorable environment

for soil fertility management.

?Soils are suitable for wide range of crops including food grains, oil seeds, pulses, fruit crops,

pastures, forestry etc. There are a number of agriculture-related-institutions of importance in

Telangana, including ICAR Institutes viz. IIRR, IIOR, MANAGE, NIPHM and NAARM, NIRD, NFDB,

CRIDA and NRCS.

?Food grain production recorded a growth rate of 3.97% (CAGR) as against 2.43% at all India level.

?37.42 lakh quintals of seeds of various crops with an area of 3.22 lakh acres, HYV paddy, Hybrid

paddy, Maize, Cotton and Bengalgram etc. are produced.

While there is lot of potential for growth in agriculture, there are constraints hampering the same. The

major constraints are as follows

?Low and erratic rainfall leaves many areas under unprecedented drought, while some areas are

subjected to floods.

?Semi-arid climate restricts the growth of natural vegetation, due to which, scope of organic matter

development in soils is limited and, therefore, most soils are inherently poor in available nitrogen,

the chief nutrient for plant growth.63% of the agriculture is rainfed, which is exposed to the

hostilities of climate.

?Among the farming community, about 85% of farmers are either marginal or small with poor socio-

economic condition. High labour cost and low mechanization levels have increased the cost of

cultivation.

?Agricultural extension is devoid of enough strength and mobility to address each and every farmer

at right time.

Keeping in view the above potential and constraints for agriculture in Telangana, the government may

continue all its new initiatives with much more efficiency utilizing all the available resources to their full

potential with proper planning and execution of strategies for the same.

6.12.4 Tassar Culture

6.13 Policy implications

6.13.1 Agriculture Potential of Telangana

6.13.2 Constraints in Telangana Agriculture





6.14 Key challenges

6.14.1 Recommended actions and good practices

Semi-arid climate restricts the growth of natural vegetation, due to which, scope of organic matter

development in soils is limited and, therefore, the most soils are inherently poor in available nitrogen, the

chief nutrient for plant growth.

63% of the agriculture is rainfed, which is exposed to the hostilities of climate.

Among the farming community, about 85% of farmers are either marginal or small with poor socio-

economic condition.

High labour cost and low mechanization levels have increased the cost of cultivation.

Empowering the farmers in seed management enabling them to acquire good quality seed in right time.

Agricultural extension is devoid of enough strength and mobility to address each and every farmer at right

time.

Avoid excess use of chemical fertilizers to prevent soil damage.

Promotion of organic farming under PMKY – “Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana” scheme.

Need minimum support price and organized marketing for horticulture products.

Establishment of cold storage facilities in market yards.

Government should formulate and implement single window policies for better farming by the

farmers.

Markets should be regularly monitored for complete elimination of banned pesticides.

Encourage farmers to develop farm ponds on their farms.

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

BOX 6.3- Resilient Agriculture - Mahabubnagar district

The project titled “Resilient Agricultural Households through Adaptation to Climate

Change in Mahabubnagar district, Telangana (RAH-ACT)”under National Adaptation

Fund For Climate Change (NAFCC) through MoEFCC is going to be implemented in the most

vulnerable, Mahabubnagar district of Telangana State during a period of four years staring

from July 2016 to 2020.

The project is executed by EPTRI.

The Objectives of the project are:

· To enhance the livelihoods of farming community in targeted villages of

Mahabubnagar district, Telangana through implementing Climate Resilient

Agricultural Interventions.

· Promoting and implementing science based suitable climate smart adaptation

strategies

· Enhancing the capacities of stakeholders for implementing and sustaining the

climate change adaptation strategies

· Improving the livelihood alternate options

The project is expected to benefit a large number of farming households of Mahabubnagar

district, Telangana state (gender equity and women empowerment is ensured as 30% to 50%

of the overall beneficies under the project will be women), small and marginal farmers, in

particular MoEFCC has granted a sum of 24,00,34,460/ for the project out of which Rs.

1,61,79, 500/- have been released by NABARD for initial take off of the project and for the

carrying out the next half yearly activities like Household survey, updating climate change

scenarios, identification of adaptation portfolio etc.





?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Encourage Farmer Producer Groups for collective marketing system through self help groups.

There should be regular allocation and release of budget especially for farmer / farm related

government schemes and programmes.

Identification and promotion of crop colonies through suitable market linkages to procure and

assure the support prices by Govt. agencies without the intervention of the middlemen.

Strengthening of seed production chain and infrastructure development, encourage certified seed

production through seed village (cluster approach) programme.

Promotion of water saving techniques in agriculture through drip and sprinkler irrigation and less

water intensive crops as preferential option for sustainable development.

Encourage drip irrigation in drought prone areas.

Production incentives to the grower farmers especially for Soyabean, Pulses, Cereals, Millets etc.

Provision of quality plant material and establishment of high capacity cold storage facilities and

processing industries for horticulture crops.

Encourage farmers to adopt integrated farming system, i.e., keeping milch cattle, sheep / goat and

backyard poultry along with main crop enterprises through provision of suitable incentives.

Promote fodder cultivation in both public and private lands to meet needs of cattle and livestock

units. At least 10% of farmers holding should be under fodder and feed for their livestock needs.

Each farmer data should be kept online linking with Aadhaar card. Bank policies should be flexible

for financial assistance to Farmer Producer Organizations.

As the performance of existing insurance schemes is not up to the mark and there were many

shortcomings, the government should come up with a new agricultural insurance policy for the

benefit of farming community.

Fisheries are not taken up in a big way in the state although there is vast scope for growth, hence

focus should be on fish seed production involving both Govt. and private sectors.

Government should make necessary institutional arrangement for setting up of local post-harvest

management technologies to increase the incomes of small and marginal farmers through value

addition, grading, labelling, packing, storing, and forward market linkages.

Bibliography

1. Socio Economic Outlook 2016, Government of Telangana, Planning Department

2. Statistical Year Book 2016 - TS

3. Directorate of Census Operations, 2011, Hyderabad.

4. Statistical Abstract of Telangana-2015, DES, Government of Telangana

5. Statistical Year Book 2013, 2015

6. Department of Agriculture, 2016 Government of Telangana

7. Agriculture & Cooperation Department, Govt. of Telangana

8. Commissioner of Agriculture, 2016 Government of Telangana

9. Annual Credit Plan of Telangana 2015-16, State Level Bankers' Committee (SLBC)th10. NSSO Report on Debt and Investment Survey (70 Round), Government of India.

11. Department of Agricultural Marketing, 2016 Government of Telangana

cover page front...table 6.2 population in telangana state according to 2011 census population...

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