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Online Version ISSN: 1314-412XVolume 5, Number 1
March 2013
2013
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Online Version ISSN: 1314-412X
2013
Volume 5, Number 1March 2013
Agriculture and Environment
A study of macromycetes in Maglenishki Rid, Eastern Rhodopes Mts. II. Recent data of study
M. Lacheva*
Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University Plovdiv,12 Mendeleev, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Abstract. The species composition, distribution, ecological-trophic structure and conservation value of macromycetes in Maglenishki Rid (Eastern Rhodopes Mts) is studied. 102 macromycetous species were registered. The predominant part of macromycetes belongs to the class Agaricomycetes (99 species), another part belongs to the Ascomycetes (2 species) and Myxomycetes (1 species). Fifteen macromycetous species are rare for the country, eleven of them of high conservation value are included in the Red List of endangered macromycetes in Bulgaria. All taxa are presented with brief chorological data and notes on their distribution in the region.
Keywords: conservation value, Eastern Rhodopes Mts, ecological-trophic structure, fungal diversity, macromycetes, rare taxa
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 5, No 1, pp 91 - 95, 2013
4. Deciduous forest of Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus Introduction delechampii Ten s.str., around the area “Raven's rocks”, above the village Gorni Yurutsi.Eastern Rhodope Mountains are characterized by high
5. Deciduous forest of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus delechampii biodiversity conditioned by a diverse topography, climate and Ten s.str, Pinus sylvestris L., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner, natural habitats. Habitats represented here are typical for the south Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) of the country, lacking the typical mountain and alpine habitats. The Carriere and Picea abies (L.) Karsten, between the villages Strajets special interest to the macromycetes in Maglenishki Rid (Figure 1) is and the Gorni Yurutsi.connected with the biodiversity in the region. Particular data for the
The second stage of the study was conducted during distribution of the fungi hasn't been designated in the specialized (2009–2011) as above under investigation were also following literature. Data on the species diversity and distribution of fungi in the habitats: Eastern Rhodopes Mts is published by Drumeva-Dimcheva and
Gyosheva-Bogoeva, (1993), Gyosheva and Vasilev, (1994), Kuthan 6. In deciduous forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str., over and Kotlaba, (1981, 1989). Than report from Lacheva (2009) initial the river “Chukurska”.data from the first stage of the mycological study area Maglenishki 7. In deciduous forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str. and Rid until specific data on the prevalence of macromycetes in the Fagus sylvatica L., around the area „Hambar Dere”.study area are absent. 8. In deciduous forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str.,
The purpose of this study is to examine the species around the “Mundrov” top.composition, distribution and the conservation status of the 9. In deciduous forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str. and macromycetes in the region. The collected scientific information will Fagus sylvatica L., around the top „Ushite”.be used for analysis and planning activities on the conservation and The definition of the taxa was carried out according to Kirk and management of the biodiversity in a secure future territory. Ansell (2004), Kirk et al. (2008), Kuthan and Kotlaba (1981, 1989),
Moser (1983), Ryvarden and Gilbertson (1993, 1994) and the ecological-trophic structure was carried out after direct observations and based on literature data (Arnolds, 1981; Gyosheva and Vasilev, Material and methods1994). The authors of the fungous taxa are given in Kirk and Ansell (1992) and the plants taxa in Brummit and Powell (1992). The The study area was visited during 2006 – 2011 year. The first studied specimens are kept in the Mycological collection of the stage of mycological studies were conducted (2006–2008) in the Agricultural University, Plovdiv (SOA). The author's names of the tracking method with transitions mainly in the most widespread local taxa are abbreviated according to Kirk and Ansell (2004). plant communities on the northern slopes of the Maglenishki Rid: Nomenclature of species follows Kirk et al. (2008).1. Natural forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str., at the foot of
The conservation status is indicated according to the Red List of the top “Portata”. fungi in Bulgaria (Gyosheva et al., 2006). The macromycetes with
2. Natural forest of Fagus sylvatica L., at the foot of the top “Koja conservation value are designed in the list with CV. The rare species
Ele”; were designated with R (category rare species).
3. In deciduous forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str. and Fagus sylvatica L., around the “Yuruklenska river”, above the village Gorni Yurutsi.
91
* e-mail: [email protected]
1.
HabitatsTa a
2
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
LeS, LeP
Agaricus arvensis Schaeff.
Agaricus sylvaticus Schaeff.
A. sylvicola Vitt. Sacc.
R Albatrellus subrubescens Murr. Pouzar
CV Amanita caesarea Scop. r. Pers.
A. gemmata r. Bertill.
A. phalloides Vaill. r. Link
A. rubescens Pers. r.
CV A. vittadinii Moretti Vittad.
Armillaria mellea Vahl. r. Kummer
Ecological-trophicgroups
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, , Results and discussionand the rare species .
Regarding their ecological characteristics and the substrate specificity, the current macromycetes in the studied territory, are Species composition, distribution and the ecological-trophic distributed in ecological-trophic groups saprotrophs in litter St structure of the current macromycetes are given in Table . As a species humus saprotrophs Hu species saprotrophs on result of the field ork one hundred and t o macromycetes ere ood LeS species saprotrophs on fallen leaves of deciduous registered, relating to three classes and fifty-seven genera ninety-
trees d species mycosymbiotrophs Mr species and nine species from , t o species from , parasites on arboreal plants LeP species and coprotrophs C and only one species from . The digital indicators of species Table . As regards the abundance of species in forest the number of the genus and the species do not disclose the true
communities, the dominants are the saprotrophs on ood, parasites concept for the species diversity of the macromycetes in the studied on arboreal plants and humus saprotrophs. territory, as the rainfall during the research as not enough. Under
Largely the studied territory is covered ith deciduous oak and such conditions the ood-destroying fungi develop better. This kind beech forests and some isolated areas are covered ith coniferous of fungi depends less on the rainfall, and most of them have culture. Considering the type of the habitats, as possible for the perennial fruit bodies.region could be pointed many important economic edible species During field studies ere visited the old beech forests in the
, , , , inaccessible parts of the deep gullies and on the high parts of the , , , massif near the Bulgarian-Greek border. It is in these oods here
, , , , the greatest destruction of trees by as , , , observed. In the coniferous culture ith heterogeneous composition
, and . In habitats including L. and Arn., dominated by L., Ten s.str and Mirbel ranco, Endl. Carriere and
L. some rare and endangered species L. Karsten, the follo ing species ere found
Fig 1.
St, Hu
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(R) Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.:Pers.) Morgan
(CV) Boletus satanas Lenz
B. aereus Bull.:Fr.
B. badius (Fr.:Fr.) Fr.
B. edulis Bull.:Fr.
B. pinophillus Pilát & Dermek
Bovista plumbea Pers.
Cantharellus cibarius Fr.:Fr.
Chlorophyllum rachodes (Vitadd.) Vellinga
Clitocybe brumalis (Fr.:Fr.) Quél.
C.nebularis (Batsch:Fr.)P.Kumm.
Collybia dryophila (Bull.:Fr.) Kummer
C. fusipes (Bull.:Fr) Quel.
Coprinus picaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Gray
C. plicatilis (Curt.:Fr.) Fr.
Crepidotus mollis (Schaeff.:Fr.) Kummer
Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.:Fr.) With.
Fomes fomentarius (L. : Fr.) Fr.
Ganoderma lucidum (Curt. : Fr.) Karst.
(CV) G. pfeifferi Bres.
(CV) Geastrum triplex Jungh.
(CV) Gomphus clavatus (Pers. : Fr.) S.F. Gray
(CV) Grifola frondosa (Discks.:Fr.) Gray
(CV) Hericium coralloides (Scop.:Fr.) S.F. Gray
Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.:Fr.) Quél.
Hymenochaete rubiginosa (Schrad.:Fr.) Lev.
Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.:Fr.) Karst.
Inocybe geophylla (Sow.:Fr.) Kummer
(R) Inocybe margaritospora (Berk) Sacc.
Inonotus radiatus (Fr.) Karst.
I. hispidus (Bull.:Fr.) Karst.
Laccaria amethystine Cooke
L. laccata (Scop.:Fr.) Cooke
Lactarius deliciosus (L.:Fr.) Gray
L. piperatus (L.:Fr.) Pers.
L. volemus (Fr.:Fr) Fr.
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Lycogala epidendrum (L.) Fr.
(CV) Lenzites warnieri Durieu & Mont.
Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.:Fr.) P.Kumm.
Lepista flaccida (Sow.:Fr.) Pat.
Lycoperdon echinatum Pers.:Pers.
L. perlatum Pers.:Pers.
Macrolepiota procera (Scop.:Fr.) Sing.
M. mastoidea (Fr.:Fr.) Singer
Marasmiellus ramealis (Bull.:Fr.) Singer
Marasmius androsaceus (L.) Fr.
M. rotula (Scop. : Fr.) Fr.
Mycena epipterygia (Scop.:Fr.) S.F. Gray
M. galericulata (Scop.:Fr.) Quél.
M. pura (Pers.:Fr.) Kummer
93
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S. luteus (L.:Fr.) Roussel
Tremella mesenterica Retz.:Fr.
Trametes hirsutа (Wulf.:Fr.) Pilát.
T. suaveolens (Fr.) Fr.
T. versicolor (Fr.) Pilát
Tricholoma flavovirens (Pers.:Fr.) Lundell
T. imbricatum (Fr.:Fr.) Kummer
Tyromyces lacteus (Fr.) Murrill
Tubaria furfuracea (Pers.:Fr.) Gill.
Xerulla radicata (Relh.:Fr.) Sing.
LeS
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Neobulgaria pura (Fr.) Petrak
Panaeolus acuminatus (Schaeff.) Quél.
P. papilionaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Quél.
P. sphinctrinus (Fr.) Quél.
Paxillus atrotomentosus (Batsch.) Fr.
Peziza micropus Pers.
Pholiota flammans (Fr.:Fr) Kummer
Pholiota squarrosa (Weigel : Fr.) P. Kumm.
Pleurotus cornucopiae Paul : Fr.
P. atromarginatus (Sing.) Kuthner
P.ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) P. Kumm.
Polyporus arcularius Batsch. : Fr.
P. coronatus Rostk.
P. umbellatus (Pers.:Fr.) Fr.
P. varius (Pers.:Fr.) Fr.
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.:Fr.) Karst.
Russula xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr.
R. cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr.
(CV) R. solaris Ferd. & Winge.
R. delica Fr.
R. foetens (Pers.:Fr.) Fr.
R. queletii Fr.
Russula vesca Fr.
R. virescens (Schaeff.) Fr.
Schizophyllum commune Fr.
Scutellinia scutellata (L.) Lambotte
Stereum hirsutum (Willd.:Fr.) S.F. Gray
S. gausapatum Fr.
S. rugosum (Pers.)
(CV) Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.:Fr.) Berk
Stropharia aeruginosa (Curt.:Fr.) Quél.
(R) Suillus lakei (Murrill) A.H Sm. & Thiers
94
subrubescens, Gomphus clavatus and Inocybe margaritospora are procera, M. mastoidea, Xerulla radicata, Russula cyanoxantha, R. also registered. queletii, R. virescens, Trametes versicolor, T. hirsuta. With great
The species Boletus edulis, B. pinophilus and Cantharellus abundance was T. versicolor. The most common parasite on the cibarius are listed as endangered in the Red List of fungi in some beech trees was Fomes fomentarius. National parks in the country. In the deciduous (oak and beech) The macromycetes, because of their uncontrolled collection, forests are common and with a lot of fruit bodies the following are one of the most endangered groups, not only on the territory of species: Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma lucidum, Macrolepiota the Maglenishki Rid, but also in the country. During the research
95
fifteen rare species were found in the area, as twelve of them – Gyosheva MM, Denchev CM, Dimitrova EG, Assyov B, Petrova Amanita caesarea, A. vittadinii, Boletus satanas, Ganoderma RD and Stoichev GT, 2006. Red List of fungi in Bulgaria. Mycologia pfeifferi, Geastrum triplex, Gomphus clavatus, Grifola frondosa, Balcanica, 3, 1, 81-87.Hericium coralloides, Hygrophorus russula, Lenzites warnieri, Kirk PM and Ansell AE, 2004. Authors of fungal names. CABI Polyporus umbellatus, Russula solaris and Strobilomyces Bioscience, Wall ingford.Electronicversion: http://www. strobilaceus are included in the European Directives and to the Red speciesfungorum.org/AutorsOfFungalNames.htmList of the macromycetes in Bulgaria (Gyosheva and Vasilev, 1994; Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC and Stalpers JA (eds), 2008. IUCN 2001, 2003a, 2003b; Gyosheva et al., 2006). Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. CAB International, Oxon.
The lack of preliminary studies of the macromycetes in the Kuthan J and Kotlaba F, 1981. Makromyzeten des Nationalparkes region and the dry and hot summer in certain stages of the study fail Ropotamo in Bulgarien. Sborník Národního Muzea v Praze, Řada B to make objective analysis and even conclusions about the overall (Přírodovědecká), 37, 2, 77-136.species composition, distribution, conservation status and the Kuthan J and Kotlaba F, 1989. Makromyzeten der bulgarischen numbers of the economic valuable species. To carry out detailed Schwarzmeerküste und einiger Orte im landesinnern Bugariens. monitoring long time is needed, because the emergence and Sborník Národního Muzea v Praze, Řada B (Přírodovědecká), 44, 3-development of the fruit bodies depends on the weather conditions. 4, 137-243.
Lacheva M, 2009. A study of macromycetes in “Maglenishki Rid” Eastern Rhodopes Mts.I. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment, Special Edition, XI Anniversary Scientific Conference,
Conclusion120 Years of Academic Education in biology, 45 Years Faculty of Biology, May 27–29, 2009, Sofia, 23,2,100-103.
The presented data on macromycetes occurring in Maglenishki Moser M, 1983. Key Agarics and Boleti (Polyporales, Boletales,
Rid suggest the conclusion that this region is extremely interesting Agaricales, Russulales).
as an object of mycological study so far. Undoubtedly, a complete Ryvarden L and Gilbertson R, 1993. European Polypores, 1, pp. study of fungi in Maglenishki Rid will require additional visits and 387. research in the area.Ryvarden L and Gilbertson R, 1994. European Polypores, 2, pp. 743.Stoichev G and Gyosheva M, 2005. New and rare macromycetes
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Genetic divergence among accesions of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)N. Dyulgerov, B. Dyulgerova
Yield stability of contemporary Bulgarian winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) in DobrudzhaP. Chamurliyski, N. Tsenov
Assessment of initial material for stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) breedingTz. Kikindonov
Grain yield of winter feed barley varietiesB. Dyulgerova, D. Dimova, D. Valcheva, D. Vulchev, T. Popova, M. Gocheva
A study on the biological and economic qualities of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)I. Stankov, S. Tsvetanov, P. Stankova, I. Yanchev, T. Raycheva
Nutrition and Physiology
Drought–induced changes in photosynthesis of young cowpea plantsK. Uzunova, Z. Zlatev
Effect of organic fertilizers on photosynthesis of young tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Z. Zlatev, V. Popov
Production Systems
Productivity of sunflower grown in a periodic water deficit conditionsR. Petrova, A. Matev, H. Kirchev, A. Sevov
Variation of capillary rise of water in the slightly leached chernozem soil of Dobrudzha region under the effect of long-term use of some soil tillage practicesP. Yankov
Influence of the variety and sowing rate on the green mass productivity of Sudan grass and Sorghum x Sudan grass hybridsTz. Kikindonov, S. Enchev, K. Slanev
Effect of the irrigation regime on the productivity of root celery by drip irrigation in the Plovdiv regionB. Harizanova-Petrova, A. Ovcharova
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Study of a zeolite–water experimental refrigeration module intended for animal raisingR. Georgiev, K. Peichev, A. Pavlov, K.Trendafilov, G. Dineva, I. Binev
Method for rapid determination of the percentage rate of grain losses by the combine harvester according to its parametersN. Delchev, K. Trendafilov
Phase–frequency characteristics of three types of milking clusters with a different volume and shape of the pulsation chamberB. Banev, K. Peychev, V. Vlashev, G. Dineva
Nondestructive (NIRS) determination of some technological traits of Bombyx mori L. cocoonsM. Panayotov, S. Atanassova, S. Petrova
Researching the resistance of bees fattened up with additive of extract of Tribulus terrestris L. during winteringI. Hristakov, I. Zhelyazkova, V. Hvarchilkov
Influence of liming with Ca(OH) on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in foliage of vine 2
varietiesK. Trendafilov, V. Valcheva, S. Todorova
Content and composition of the essential oil of Rosa alba L. during flower developmentA. Dobreva, M. Gerdzhikova
Effectiveness of application of the leaf–fertilizers Hortigrow in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum var. glabratum)V. Ivanov, I. Yanchev, T. Raycheva, K. Stoyanov
Agriculture and Environment
M. Lacheva
Agroclimatic conditions of existence of almond trees in Plovdiv region during the winter periodD. Ivanova, N. Shopova
Phytoplankton growth and chlorophyll – a content in the surface layer of the Bulgarian Black Sea coastal waters in 2011D. Petrova, D. Gerdzhikov
Ecological status of Varna Bay through the state of phytoplankton, macrozoobenthos and macrophytes during the autumn of 2011D. Petrova, E. Petrova, D. Gerdzhikov, V. Vachkova, R. Bekova
Environmental studies of the macrozoobenthos in the nearby coastal zone along the Bulgarian Black Sea coastE. Petrova, S. Stoykov
A study of macromycetes in Maglenishki Rid, Eastern Rhodopes Mts. II. Recent data of study
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Product Quality and Safety
Evaluation of pork meat quality and freshness using colorimetric and spectral methodsS. Atanassova, T. Stoyanchev, S. Ribarski
Reducing the hyperspectral feature spaces of ready-to-cook minced meat productsK. Kolev
Effect of cold storage terms on physico-chemical characteristics of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) meatS. Ribarski, A. Genchev, S. Atanasova
The flavonoid content in the white oil–bearing rose (Rosa alba L.)A Dobreva, M Gerdzhikova
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Instruction for authors
Preparation of papersPapers shall be submitted at the editorial office typed on standard typing pages (A4, 30 lines per page, 62 characters per line). The editors recommend up to 15 pages for full research paper ( including abstract references, tables, figures and other appendices)
The manuscript should be structured as follows: Title, Names of authors and affiliation address, Abstract, List of keywords, Introduction, Material and methods,Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements (if any), References, Tables, Figures.The title needs to be as concise and informative about the nature of research. It should be written with small letter /bold, 14/ without any abbreviations. Names and affiliation of authorsThe names of the authors should be presented from the initials of first names followed by the family names. The complete address and name of the institution should be stated next. The affiliation of authors are designated by different signs. For the author who is going to be corresponding by the editorial board and readers, an E-mail address and telephone number should be presented as footnote on the first page. Corresponding author is indicated with *. Abstract should be not more than 350 words. It should be clearly stated what new findings have been made in the course of research. Abbreviations and references to authors are inadmissible in the summary. It should be understandable without having read the paper and should be in one paragraph. Keywords: Up to maximum of 5 keywords should be selected not repeating the title but giving the essence of study. The introduction must answer the following questions: What is known and what is new on the studied issue? What necessitated the research problem, described in the paper? What is your hypothesis and goal ?Material and methods: The objects of research, organization of experiments, chemical analyses, statistical and other methods and conditions applied for the experiments should be described in detail. A criterion of sufficient information is to be
possible for others to repeat the experi-ment in order to verify results.Results are presented in understandable tables and figures, accompanied by the statistical parameters needed for the evaluation. Data from tables and figures should not be repeated in the text.Tables should be as simple and as few as possible. Each table should have its own explanatory title and to be typed on a separate page. They should be outside the main body of the text and an indication should be given where it should be inserted.Figures should be sharp with good contrast and rendition. Graphic materials should be preferred. Photographs to be appropriate for printing. Illustrations are supplied in colour as an exception after special agreement with the editorial board and possible payment of extra costs. The figures are to be each in a single file and their location should be given within the text. Discussion: The objective of this section is to indicate the scientific significance of the study. By comparing the results and conclusions of other scientists the contribution of the study for expanding or modifying existing knowledge is pointed out clearly and convincingly to the reader.Conclusion: The most important conse- quences for the science and practice resulting from the conducted research should be summarized in a few sentences. The conclusions shouldn't be numbered and no new paragraphs be used. Contributions are the core of conclusions. References:In the text, references should be cited as follows: single author: Sandberg (2002); two authors: Andersson and Georges (2004); more than two authors: Andersson et al.(2003). When several references are cited simultaneously, they should be ranked by chronological order e.g.: (Sandberg, 2002; Andersson et al., 2003; Andersson and Georges, 2004).References are arranged alphabetically by the name of the first author. If an author is cited more than once, first his individual publications are given ranked by year, then come publications with one co-author, two co-authors, etc. The names of authors, article and journal titles in the Cyrillic or alphabet different from Latin, should be transliterated into Latin and article titles should be translated into English. The original language of articles and books translated into English is indicated in
parenthesis after the bibliographic reference (Bulgarian = Bg, Russian = Ru, Serbian = Sr, if in the Cyrillic, Mongolian = Мо, Greek = Gr, Georgian = Geor., Japanese = Jа, Chinese = Ch, Arabic = Аr, etc.)The following order in the reference list is recommended:Journal articles: Author(s) surname and initials, year. Title. Full title of the journal, volume, pages. Example:Simm G, Lewis RM, Grundy B and Dingwall WS, 2002. Responses to selection for lean growth in sheep. Animal Science, 74, 39-50Books: Author(s) surname and initials, year. Title. Edition, name of publisher, place of publication. Example: Oldenbroek JK, 1999. Genebanks and the conservation of farm animal genetic resources, Second edition. DLO Institute for Animal Science and Heal th, Netherlands.Book chapter or conference proceedings: Author(s) surname and initials, year. Title. In: Title of the book or of the proceedings followed by the editor(s), volume, pages. Name of publisher, place of publication. Example: Mauff G, Pulverer G, Operkuch W, Hummel K and Hidden C, 1995. C3-variants and diverse phenotypes of unconverted and converted C3. In: Provides of the Biological Fluids (ed. H. Peters), vol. 22, 143-165, Pergamon Press. Oxford, UK.Todorov N and Mitev J, 1995. Effect of level of feeding during dry period, and body condition score on reproductive perfor-
thmance in dairy cows,IX International Conference on Production Diseases in Farm Animals, Sept.11 – 14, Berlin, Germany, p. 302 (Abstr.).Thesis:Penkov D, 2008. Estimation of metabolic energy and true digestibility of amino acids of some feeds in experiments with muscus duck (Carina moshata, L). Thesis for DSc. Agrarian University, Plovdiv, 314 pp.
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Volume 5, Number 1March 2013