cricket - overview with biomechanical aspect
DESCRIPTION
This is a presentation on Cricket. Initially gives an overview of cricket, then bowling classification, phases of bowling, technical and practical components of bowling along with the common injuries to fast arm bowlerTRANSCRIPT
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CRICKET
Suketu Shah, PT
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AGENDA
• Review of cricket as a game
• Types of bowling
• Technical components
• Practical components• Practical components
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WHAT IS CRICKET ?
• Bat-and-ball
• Non contact & team sport
• First documented southern
England in the 16th centuryEngland in the 16th century
• International Governing Body –
International Cricket Council
(ICC)
• 104 countries as members
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WHAT IS CRICKET ? (CONT’D)
• It is played on a cricket
ground with a pitch at the
center
• Two teams with eleven • Two teams with eleven
players each
• One team bats with two
players across the pitch
• Other team bowls and fields
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FACTS…
• First International game documented
- In 1844
- United States Vs Canada
- At St. George’s Park- At St. George’s Park
- Canada won
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BOWLING CLASSIFICATION
1. Fast arm bowler
2. Spin bowler
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BOWLING CLASSIFICATION
1. Fast arm bowler
2. Spin bowler
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PHASES OF FAST ARM BOWLING
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TECHNICAL COMPONENTS
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FLOW CHART
MECHANICAL OBJECTIVE
• Bowl at maximum speed
UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES
• Momentum, strength and arm force
MOMENTUM• From the run up to pre delivery stride
ARM FORCE• From back foot stage to ball release
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FLOW CHART (CONT’D)
INERTIA• From run up to back foot contact
GRAVITY• Through out all the phases
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MECHANICAL OBJECTIVE
•BOWL AT MAXIMUM SPEED
• Varies as per individual
• Moreover, the bowling should be done with perfect line and length
“Shoaib Aktar of Pakistan
is the fastest bowler in
world of cricket with a
speed of 161.3 kmph
(100.2 mph)”
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UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES
•IDENTIFIED AS MAINLY FOUR
1. Momentum
2. Arm force
3. Inertia3. Inertia
4. Gravity
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MOMENTUM•p = m x v
• Product of mass and velocity
• In bowling, long run and forward flex
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ARM FORCE• FROM BACK FOOT TO BALL RELEASE
• Force from shoulder
• Force from other parts leads to injury
• End phase wrist play important role
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• By Newton’s first law:
“A body at rest/motion remains in
rest/motion, unless & until external force is
INERTIA
• FROM RUN UP TO BACK FOOT CONTACT
applied on it”
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• Force exerted by earth
• Centripetal (pulling force)
GRAVITY• IN ALL THE PHASES
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PRACTICAL COMPONENT
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WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION?
In simple words as throw bowling:
Throw bowling is chucking the bowl.
• Law 24.3 states –• Law 24.3 states –
“A ball is fairly delivered in respect to the arm if, once the bowler's arm has reached the level of the shoulder in the delivery swing, the elbow joint is not straightened partially or
completely from that point until the ball has left the hand”
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WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION? (CONT’D)
• A straightened elbow gives unfair advantage
of generating extra speed than ball delivered
with a straight arm.
• However, most bowlers' arms will straighten
because of the sheer forces going through the
body at the point of delivery.
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WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION? (CONT’D)
• The ICC has now set a maximum limit of 15
degrees of flex, which means that no bowler
can extend their elbow beyond that level
• If the bowler is suspected, bowler has to
undergo biomechanical testing
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HOW TO VERIFY AN ILLEGAL
ACTION?
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VICON 3D IMAGING
• Reflectors attached to bowlers body surface
• Converts bowling action into 3D image
• Breaks into
skeletal form skeletal form
for experts to
indentify the
faults
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Camera
Reflector (Sensor)
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
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Lasith Malinga Shoaibh Akhtar
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BOWLING ACTION OF LASITH
MALINGA
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BOWLING ACTION OF SHOIBH
AKHTAR
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SHOAIB AKHTAR PROFILE
• Debut in 1997
• He is well known for his speed and pace bowls
• Passionate to make world record for speed
• Currently, he is WORLD FASTEST BOWLER• Currently, he is WORLD FASTEST BOWLER
• Controversy, over his bowling style
- his action was cleared by University of
Western Australia, which was due to his
hyper extensible joints
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SHOAIB AKHTAR PROFILE (CONT’D)
• Downfall in his carrier after 2005
• Still facing problems due to rude behavior and
injurious
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SHOAIB AKHTARS STATASTICS
Mat Inns Balls Runs Wkts BBI BBM Ave Econ SR 4w 5w 10
Tests 46 82 8143 4574 178 6/11 11/78 25.69 3.37 45.7 10 12 2
ODIs 144 143 6798 5321 223 6/16 6/16 23.86 4.69 30.4 6 4 0
T20Is 7 7 138 183 8 2/11 2/11 22.87 7.95 17.2 0 0 0
First-
class
133 20460 12265 467 6/11 26.26 3.59 43.8 28 2
List A 79 3873 3165 116 6/16 6/16 27.28 4.90 33.3 7 2 0
Twen
ty20
22 22 444 535 25 5/23 5/23 21.40 7.22 17.7 1 1 0
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LASITH MALINGA PROFILE
• Debut in 2004
• He is well known for his speed and yorker
bowls
• Controversy, over his bowling style• Controversy, over his bowling style
- action attracted a lot of comments
- but his vicon and electromyogram test
reports were negative
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LASITH MALINGA’S STATICTICS
Mat Inns Balls Runs Wkts BBI BBM Ave Econ SR 4w 5w 10
Tests 28 55 4777 3076 91 5/68 9/210 33.80 3.86 52.4 7 2 0
ODIs 62 60 3002 2500 90 4/28 4/28 27.77 4.99 33.3 5 0 0
T20Is 18 18 364 443 23 3/17 3/17 19.26 7.30 15.8 0 0 0
First-
class
80 11327 7416 242 6/17 30.64 3.92 46.8 16 6 0
List A 101 4857 4060 157 5/56 5/56 25.85 5.01 30.9 7 1 0
Twen
ty20
43 41 869 974 51 3/11 3/11 19.09 6.72 17.0 0 0 0
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COMPARSION CONCLUSION
• Akhtar’s dream for delivering fastest bowl
took him to path of drugs and due to his rude
behavior, his average showed a downfall
• Malinga’s average has increased since he
joined international cricket, moreover he is
consistent
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COMMON INJURY AMONG CRICKET
Wicket Keeper
30 %
Spin Bowlers
13 %
Batsman
16 %
Fast bowler
41 %
This clearly establishes that fast bowlers as the priority group for
continued injury risk factor researchOrchard et.al., 2005, Sports Health
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WHY ARE BACK INJURIOUS TO FAST
BOWLERS TO CONCERNING?
• Injuries to lumbar vertebrae may not heal
properly
• Can lead to spondylolisthesis–forward slippage
of vertebraeof vertebrae
• Long term consequences:
– Disc problems
– Nerve root compression
– Early degeneration of lumbar spine
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REPETITIVE MICROTRAUMA
(OVERUSE) INJURIES
• Repetitive microtrauma -a number of forces
combine to produce a fatigue effect over time
• Load involved with bowling one delivery might • Load involved with bowling one delivery might
not exceed critical limit of tissues
• Cumulative effect might result in mechanical
degradation of tissues
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FLASH BACK OVER RESEARCH
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OVERVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH
• High injury rates to fast bowlers were identified in an injury surveillance study conducted by Cricket Australia
• Three risk factors for injury to fast bowlers have been proposed:been proposed:
A plan was developed to quantify bowling workload in an objective, meaningful and reliable manner
TechniquePhysical
preparation
Bowling
workload
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A PILOT STUDY
• 1999/00 (a season later than planned…)
• 12 fast bowlers
• Mean age 25.4 years (range 22 -34)
• Bowling workload prospectively monitored for match and training monitored for match and training sessions
• Video training sessions 2 times per week
• A range of ideas considered –counter in bowling marker, hand-held counters
• Needed to develop a protocol that was acceptable and useful to players
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METHODS
Uninjured Injured
Work load for
Entire Session
Work load
prior to injury
First injury
only
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SUMMARY OF PILOT STUDY RESULTS
• 7 players (58%) sustained a total of 9 injuries
• Frequency of sessions
– injured = 1.9 days
– uninjured = 3.2 days– uninjured = 3.2 days
• Deliveries per week
– mean = 203
• Match deliveries per month
– mean = 552
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SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
• Common among fast bowlers
• Mostly due to improper techniques
• Common injuries like
- Rotator Cuff injuries- Rotator Cuff injuries
- Biceps Tendon
- Supraspinatus Tendon
- Various other tendonitis
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REHABILITATION
• On field treatment should be given by team
physical therapist:
- Vapocoolant Spray
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REHABILITATION (CONT’D)
- Cryo + stretch
- Immobilization
- Massage
- If severe, the bowler has to be taken for - If severe, the bowler has to be taken for
Emergency Care department
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REHBAILITATION (CONT’D)
KEY - Longer & slow rehab
• Minimum of 2 to 4 weeks of
rest following a injury
• PRICE protocol• PRICE protocol
• Ultrasound
• Manipulation & Mobilization as
graded to player
• Playing at reduced intensity and
gradually building up the pace
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PREVENTION
• Always warm up & stretch
• Workload properly distributed
• Suitable footwear – which can take stress
• Proper technique• Proper technique
• Contact PT urgently whenever required
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THANK YOU