WHO SHOULD DO WHAT IN

INTERVENTION PROCESS

CRITICAL STAKEHOLDERS, DELIENATION OF ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES. AVOIDING DUPLICATION & CONTRADICTIONS

Dr Daramola T.O MBBS; FMCPsy, FCAI.Consultant special 1 & Head of Behavioural Medicine

Karu District Hospital, KaruAbuja

OUTLINE INTRODUCTION DEFINITIONS DISASTERS MANAGEMENT MODELS LOCAL SITUATION WORKABLE MODEL DESIRABLES

INTRODUCTION Disaster is a worldwide occurence Could be natural or man-made In Nigeria = Flooding, drought (natural). Terrorism, pipeline explosions, road & air transportation

accidents, Ethno-religious conflicts, structural fires. Includes Ogunpa flood- Aug 31,1980 about 300

csualties (Tomori N.D); Maitatsine riot –Dec 18, 1980, about 4000 casualties (Danjibo 2009); Bagauda dam break in Kano, Aug 1988 with about 148 casualties (Etuonovbe 2011); Jesse oil pipeline explosion of Oct 17, 1998 with about 1000 deaths (ERA 1998, Onuoha 2009)

INTRODUCTION Oviri court fire of July 10, 2000 due to pipeline vandalisation

in Delta with about 300 deaths (Onuoah 2009). Military cantonment bomb explosions of Jan 27, 2002 in

Ikeja with over 800 deaths (Akpabio & Alao 2002) Bellview airline Boeing 737 crash in Lisa village Ogun state

with 117 deaths in 2005 Sosoliso airlines DC – 9 crash of Dec 10, 2005 in PH killing

all 103 people on board. Others include Abule-Egba fire 2006, Abeokuta flood 2007

Boko Haram riots of July 25-30,2009 with over 700 deaths (Nwankwo & Falola 2009)

Boko Haram bombings of UN headquarters, North-East, Nyanya motor park, EMAB plaza, & more recently Kuje market & Nyanya bombings

DEFINITIONS Disaster- noun, an unexpected event such

as a very bad accident , a flood or a fire that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage. Syn catastrophe. Also air disaster, environmental disaster. (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, International student’s edition, New 8th edition)

Disaster – n,1 a great or sudden misfortune, 2 a complete failure (Illustrated Oxford Dictionary Revised & updated 2003)

NATURAL DISASTER

DISASTER MEDICINE Medical specialisation serving dual areas

of healthcare to disaster survivors & providing medically related disaster preparation, disaster planning, disaster response & disaster recovery leadership throughout the disaster life cycle.

In the USA, there’s specialist training in Disaster medicine with Board certification.

National Disaster Medical Systems was formed in the 1980s.

DISASTER HEALTHCARE Provision of healthcare services by healthcare

professionals to disaster survivors & responders both in disaster impact area & healthcare receiving facilities.

Disaster Behavioural Health – Deals with capability of disaster responders to perform optimally & survivors to maintain or rapidly restore functions during threat or actual impact of disaster or extreme events.

Medical contingency planning – act of devising methodology of meeting medical requirements of affected population

OTHERS Disaster planning – Devising methodology of dealing

with disaster Disaster preparation – Practicing & implementation

of disaster programmes before occurrence . Disaster response – Ability to answer to intense

challenge of disaster. Disaster recovery – Restoration or return to former or

better pre disaster condition Disaster law – Legal aspect of disaster management

from planning to recovery. Disaster life cycle – Interphase to recovery wikipedia

AUSTRALIAN SCENARIO Disaster mgt roles & responsibilities saddled with

council primarily to coordinate & manage disaster emergency events within the region with support from state governmentResponsibilities

Establish local disaster management group Develop & approve local disaster management

plan Ensure capability to respond if event occur Develop thorough approach to disaster mgt via

Prevention/Preparation/Response/Recovery. Lead & enable local recovery

DISASTER MGT SYSTEMS (Queensland, Australia)

3 levels To ensure safety of community &

To preserve lives, livelihood & environment.

Local Disaster Management Group (LMDG) reviews plan annually.

Local District State Attorney General department & Federal Government crisis

coordination centre coordinates at Federal level

FUNCTIONS OF LOCAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT GROUP (LMDG)

Consistency of disaster mgt/ operations with state’s policy framework.

Develop effective disaster mgt with regular review & assessment of disaster mgt.

Help to draw local disaster management plan for local government.

Identify & provide advice to relevant district group about support services required to enhance disaster mgt & operations.

Ensure community awareness for mitigating adverse effects of events, prepare for, respond to & recover from an event

LMDG FUNCTIONS contd Manage disaster operations under stipulated

policies Report to & make recommendations to relevant

authourities, Identify & coordinate disaster mgt resources in

area. Establish & review communication systems in

group & with relevant agencies / collaborators. Prompt communication of information to

relevant district group Function incidental to function mentioned above

MEMBERSHIP OF LMDG Includes Mayor (Chair), Dep mayor, council

members, key personnel from council emergency operations team, advisers/ reps from key agencies such as emergency mgt of Queensland, Police, Ambulance services, Fire & rescue services, Dept of main roads, Community services, Dept of main roads, Community services, Health, Parks /Wildlife, Energex, Live savers association, Telestra, Water cooperation, Radio, Airport.

LDMG meets 4ice / year timed with cognisance of higher risk period.

DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT GROUP (DDMG)

Provides whole of govt planning. Coordinates resources to support local

govts. Chaired by Senior Police Officer (District

Disaster Coordinator). FUNCTIONS

Develop district disaster mgt plan Identify usable resources Plan allocation & coordination of

identified resources

NIGERIAN SITUATION Disaster management in Nigeria is defined as

the “coordination & integration of all activities necessary to build, sustain, & improve the capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to & recover from threatening or actual natural or human induced disasters” (NDMF 2010 p1)

Organised disaster mgt in Nigeria dates back to 1906 when Fire Brigade was charged with the responsibility of battling fires, saving lives, protecting properties & responding to disasters (NDMF 2010)

NIGERIAN SITUATION contd.

Function initially ad-hoc & housed in offices of Head of State & State Governors (NDMF 2010)

1976 – National Emergency Relief Agency (NERA) in response to drought b/w 1972-1973

1990 – Inter-ministerial body to develop ways to reduce natural disaster risks in line with UN international decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (NMDF 2010).

1993 – Decree 119 hence scope of NERA expanded to all types of disaster & independence of NERA under the office of the president. (NMDF 2010)

NATIONAL DISASTER & RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (NDMF) Developed in 2010 to offer holistic approach to

managing disasters Participation from wide array of players including

Federal, State, & Local govt, CSOs, Private sector organisation.

Ensures efficient & effective disaster mgt for govt officials, community leaders, private organisations, CSOs & practitioners.

Defines roles & responsibilities of disaster management stakeholders.

Clear indication of paradigm shift from response & recovery to other phases of disaster mgt (NDMF 2010)

ORGANISATION OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

NEMA – Lead agency for disaster management at Federal level with 6 zonal offices (Fagbemi 2011).

Established in March 1999 via act 50 SEMA & LEMA at state and local levels

respectively. All 3 charged with responsibility of developing

capabilities to prepare, prevent, respond to, & recover from disasters.

Others include but not limited to Military, Police, Para-military, & CSOs also disaster response units (NDMF 2010)

DISASTER RESPONSE 1st responders are community institutions such as

CBOs, FBOs, NGOs complemented by Emergency Management Volunteers (EMV).

More resources from SEMA & NEMA. Challenges include inadequate funding, inadequate

disaster education, difference in EM structure at state level, lack of collaboration among different levels of govt, corruption.

Currently, only 22 states have SEMA backed by law. About 6 Nigerian Universities have dev curricula in

risk reduction with Masters in risk mgt. Fagbemi 2011)

RESCUE EFFORT

WORKABLE MODEL (USA) Emergency support functions form primary

mechanism of Federal response assistance. 12 in number.

Each ESF headed by a primary agency selected based on its authorities, resources & capabilities

Other agencies designated as support agencies for 1 or more ESF based on their resources & capabilities

Assistance to states via Federal Coordinating officer appointed by FEMA director on behalf of the president who coordinates all federal assistance programmes.

12 ESF Transportation – (Civilian & Military) Dept of Transp Communications – National comm systems Public works & engineering – Army Engineering corp Fire fighting – US Forest service Information & planning - FEMA Mass care resource support – Red Cross / NGOs Resource support – equipmt,mate, ss,personnel (GAS) Health & Medical services - HHS Urban search and rescue - FEMA Hazardous materials – EPA Food =food needs & supply – Dept Agric, Food & Nutrition

service Energy – Dept of Energy

ROLE OF NGOs, CSOs, FBOs, CBOs

Large agencies – Material relief / rescue ops Reconstruction & medical / financial aid Small & localised NGOs – Rescue / material

relief with support from large relief organisations & international aid agencies.

Minimal involvement in mitigation activities by NGOs

Smaller NGOs revert to their pre-disaster programmes

NGOs contd. . More coordinated & just distribution of

relief materials Capacity to involve larger no of

volunteers esp from community More effective disaster & post disaster

medical relief & health services Large participation of community in

planning / implementation of relief & reconstruction activities ( people’s participation)

DESIRABLES Deliberate effort at disaster risk reduction

strategies. Reinvigoration of collaborative efforts

with important & relevant stakeholders as a priority.

Registration of NGOs, CSOs, FBOs, CBOs interested in disaster risk reduction.

Adequate education & poverty reduction programmes

Adequate leverage on available resources – human, financial, expertise & collaborations

DESIRABLES Integration of risk reduction measures

into National plan Increased collaboration with developed

nations in areas of training of personnel and other required assistance in disaster prevention, planning, & management

Leadership by Disaster Management Expert preferably a Specialist in Disaster Medicine.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION