critical temperatures for frost damage on fruit trees

The following table, developed by Washington State University, lists Fahrenheit temperatures for each stage of development at which 10% and 90% bud kill occurs after 30 minutes exposure. The percentage bud kill which causes crop reduction will vary with each crop. For example, to have a full crop of cherries requires well over 50% bud survival in most years, while apples, pears, and peaches may only need 10-15% bud survival. Silver Tip Green Tip Half-Inch Green Tight Cluster First Pink (Pink) Full Pink (Open Cluster) First Bloom (King Bloom) Full Bloom and Post-bloom 10% 15 18 23 27 28 28 28 28 90% 2 10 15 21 24 25 25 25 Swollen Bud (Scale Separation) Bud Burst (Blossom Buds Exposed) Green Cluster (Tight Cluster) White Bud (First White, Popcorn) Full White First Bloom (King Blossom) Full Bloom Petal Fall (Post-bloom) 10% 15 20 24 25 26 27 28 28 90% 0 6 15 19 22 23 24 24 Critical Temperatures for Frost Damage on Fruit Trees Marion Murray, IPM Project Leader Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory March 2020 IPM-012-11 A P P L E P E A R

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Page 1: Critical Temperatures for Frost Damage on Fruit Trees

reduction will vary with each crop. For example, to have a full crop of cherries requires well over 50% bud survival in most years, while apples, pears, and peaches may only need 10-15% bud survival.

Silver Tip Green Tip Half-Inch Green Tight ClusterFirst Pink

(Pink)Full Pink

(Open Cluster)First Bloom

(King Bloom)Full Bloom and

Post-bloom10% 15 18 23 27 28 28 28 2890% 2 10 15 21 24 25 25 25

Swollen Bud (Scale

Separation)

Bud Burst (Blossom Buds

Exposed)Green Cluster (Tight Cluster)

White Bud (First White, Popcorn) Full White

First Bloom (King Blossom) Full Bloom

Petal Fall (Post-bloom)

10% 15 20 24 25 26 27 28 2890% 0 6 15 19 22 23 24 24

Critical Temperatures for Frost Damage on Fruit TreesMarion Murray, IPM Project Leader

Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory March 2020IPM-012-11

APPLE

PEAR

Page 2: Critical Temperatures for Frost Damage on Fruit Trees

First Swell (Bud Swell)

Tip Separation (Swollen Bud) First White First Bloom Full Bloom

In the Shuck (Petal Fall)

Shuck Split (Post-bloom)

10% 15 20 24 25 27 27 2890% --- 0 14 19 22 24 25

APRICOT

PLUM Swollen Bud Side White Green Tip Tight Cluster First White First Bloom Full Bloom Post-bloom10% 14 17 20 24 26 27 28 2890% 0 3 7 16 22 23 23 23

Swollen Bud (First Swell) Calyx Green

Quarter-Inch Green (Calyx Red)

Pink (First Pink) First Bloom Full Bloom Post-bloom

10% 18 21 23 25 26 27 2890% 1 5 9 15 21 24 25

PEACH

NECTARINE

SWEETSwollen Bud (First Swell)

Bud Burst (Green Tip) Tight Cluster

White Bud (First White, Popcorn) First Bloom Full Bloom Post-bloom

10% 17 25 26 27 28 28 2890% 5 14 17 24 25 25 25

TART10% 15 26 26 28 28 2890% 0 22 24 24 24 25

CHERRY

Utah State University is an affirmative action/equal opportunity institution and is committed to a learning and working environment free from discrimination. For USU’s non-discrimination notice, see equity.usu.edu/non-discrimination.

Page 2UPPDL, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan UT 84322, utahpests.usu.edu

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