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Honors Day ........................................................................................ 2Alumnus Profile: Leigh Harwood ....................................................... 4New Faculty: Dr. Stefan Spanier ......................................................... 6Remembering Dr. Ed Harris .............................................................. 9

SectionsCross

The Newsletter of the University of TennesseeDepartment of Physics & Astronomy

Volume 7, Number 1Spring/Summer 2003

A Message from the Department Headby Professor Soren Sorensen

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Continued on Page 3

Physics Research on the UT CampusOne of the mainreasons I cameto UT in 1985was to take ad-vantage of theresearch oppor-tunities in EastTennessee. As agraduate studentand post-doc Ihad traveled tomany exciting

places around the world in order tocarry out my research, but I was readyto “settle down” and reduce the amountof “travel physics.” Well, it did not gothat way. Within a year I became in-volved with the Relativistic Heavy Ionprogram at CERN in Switzerland andspent 16 months in Geneva. And I wasnot the only UT physicist going some-where else to do research. Nearly everyexperimentalist in the department wasconducting his or her experiments out-side of the UT campus. The solid state,atomic physics and nuclear physicsgroups did most of their experiments atORNL and the high energy physicistswere at Stanford and FermiLab.

Having strong on-campus researchfacilities is, however, vital for attractingtop-notch students at both the graduateand undergraduate levels as well as forthe freedom of our researchers to doexactly the right experiments at the righttime without having to rely on ProgramAdvisory Committees or the mercy ofother collaborators. The department has

therefore over the last five years workedaggressively to build up a strong on-campus research presence and today weare definitely seeing a lot of resultsfrom these efforts.

The condensed matter group hasbeen particularly successful in creating alarge equipment base in the Science andEngineering Research Facility (SERF),due in large part to the success of theTennessee Advanced Materials Labora-tory (TAML) under the direction ofProfessor Ward Plummer. TAML hasbeen very aggressive in supporting largecompetitive startup packages for newfaculty members. This has resulted in anexciting array of equipment on the thirdfloor of SERF for the synthesis of ad-vanced materials and their characteriza-

tion. Pengcheng Dai’s Floating ZoneFurnace can produce large, ultra puresingle crystals of oxides to be used for,among other things, high temperaturesuperconductivity research. AdditionallyDavid Mandrus has a large set of fur-naces for the synthesis of polycrystal-line materials.

In order to study the magnetic prop-erties of these samples of materials a

SQID (Superconducting Quantum In-terference Device) is being used, and toprovide a large array of measurementsof additional characteristics, like electricand thermal properties, a new PhysicalProperty Measurement System (PPMS)is now available. For the creation ofvery pure and thin surfaces HannoWeitering has recently acquired a state-of-the-art Molecular Beam Epitaxy(MBE) facility. In addition to its capabil-ity to create artificially layered struc-tures, the MBE also contains an arrayof diagnostic tools for studying the sur-faces. Many other instruments are avail-able to our students and researchers asTAML facilities. All these instrumentsposition UT well for the SpallationNeutron Source era soon to begin at

ORNL. We can create, characterize andtest many new materials prior to expos-ing them to the neutron beams at theSNS.

In the chemical physics program BobCompton has several advanced lasers inhis labs on the fourth and sixth floors.He and Bill Blass are performing a set

“Having strong on-campus research facilitiesis . . . vital for . . . the freedom of ourresearchers to do exactly the rightexperiments at the right time.”

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HONORS DAY 2003

In an unusual twist, Dr. SorenSorensen and Dr. Pengcheng Daiwalked away with the top graduate

student awards at the annual honorsday celebration on April 23. And al-though there is little doubt they wereboth stellar doctoral students at onetime, they managed to claim these hon-ors because their studentswere too busy running ex-periments to collect them.

Every spring the depart-ment recognizes top physicsstudents for academicachievement, scholarly po-tential, excellence in re-search, and exceptionaldepartmental service. Thisyear saw the addition of 13new physics honor societymembers and the acknowl-edgment of some outstand-ing students at both theundergraduate and graduatelevels.

The festivities beganwith the induction of stu-dents into Sigma Pi Sigma, the nationalphysics honor society. Inducted wereundergraduates Richard Hatcher,Chad Mitchell, Joey Nicely, JasonSmith, Kip White and graduate stu-dents Kyungyuk Chae, VictorChupryna, Anota OluwatoyinIjaduola, Zhanwen Ma, RichardManley, John Meyer, Hyo-In Park,and Wesley Robertson. Sigma PiSigma was founded in 1921 and in-cludes more than 58,000 members. Thesociety recognizes distinctive achieve-ment and scholarship in physics.

The individual honors were awardedas follows:

The faculty chose Gail Zasowski asthe Outstanding First Year Student forher exceptional performance during herfirst year of physics study. Gail has auniversity-wide 4.0 grade point averageand is a member of the cosmic rayproject sponsored by the Society ofPhysics Students.

The highest undergraduate honor,the Roseberry Award, went to GeorgeNoid. The award was named for DougRoseberry, a stellar undergraduate stu-dent in the 1950s whose potential wascut short by his untimely death at age23. This honor was established to rec-ognize a student who exhibits Doug’s

insatiable curiosity about the naturalworld and his dedication to the depart-ment. George is planning to attendgraduate school at Indiana University.

James Wicker was honored as theOutstanding Graduate Teaching Assis-tant, an award determined by the manystudents enrolled in the physics and as-tronomy labs. The awardscommittee said of Jamesthat he “has achieved out-standing evaluations fromhis students and has consis-tently shown extra effort ininsuring the proper func-tioning of the labs underhis guidance and under theguidance of others.”

The Paul H. Stelson Fel-lowship, which acknowl-edges the researchcontributions and potentialof an accomplished gradu-ate student, went to Hye-

Jung Kang. She has already had threeimportant publications, including onepublished in Nature. However, since shewas at the National Institute of Stan-dards and Technology working on anexperiment, Dr. Dai accepted the fel-lowship in her stead. The Stelson Fel-lowship is named for Paul H. Stelson,former director of the physics divisionat Oak Ridge National Laboratory andan adjunct professor in the departmentfor 25 years. This award, established byhis family, continues Dr. Stelson’s dedi-cation to the mentoring and develop-ment of young scientists and alsoserves as an additional link between UTand ORNL.

Another long-distance winner wasJason Newby, recipient of the Fowler-Marion Outstanding Graduate StudentAward. He was on shift at thePHENIX experiment at BrookhavenNational Laboratory, so Dr. Sorensenstepped in to accept the honor on hisbehalf. Jason has an outstanding schol-arly record in the classroom and in re-search, two criteria for this award.

One graduate student who was inattendance was Rob Moore, who wasacknowledged as a Tennessee AdvancedMaterials Laboratory fellow. TheTAML fellowships are designed to at-tract outstanding graduate students inthe core departments of chemistry,chemical engineering, materials science

Guest Speaker Dr. Mark Littmann (left) chats withProfessor Bill Bugg

Gail Zasowski was the Outstanding First YearStudent in Physics

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and engineering, and physics and as-tronomy. Rob came to UT this past fallafter finishing his master’s degree at theUniversity of Washington. He had pre-viously served five years as a submarineofficer in the U.S. Navy He is pursuinga doctoral degree in condensed matterphysics.

The Robert W. Lide Citations recog-nize the hard work of students wholend their time and imagination to themaintenance and improvement of theundergraduate physics labs. The 2003honorees were Jason Smith (Labora-tory Development), Stephen Wilson(Laboratory Development), and OlgaOvchinnikov (Laboratory Leadership).These citations were named in honorof the late Dr. Robert Lide, a steadfastcontributor to the undergraduate labsfor many years, even after his retire-ment.

The students can give as good asthey get, however, and for the thirdyear in a row they presented a Teacherof the Year Award, sponsored by theSociety of Physics Students. This year’s

honoree was Dr. Jim Thompson, whohas now claimed the award twice.

The department invited Dr. MarkLittmann, Chair of Excellence in Sci-ence, Technology and Medical Writingin the College of Communication andInformation, to give the honors day ad-dress. His remarks emphasized that sci-entists have both an opportunity and anobligation to communicate their workto a broader audience.

“The public knows how difficult sci-ence is,” he told the assembly of stu-dents and faculty. “Scientists are, well,sort of magical,” bringing the greaterpopulace discoveries in DNA and su-perconductors.

“The public wants to share that senseof awe and wonder with you,” he con-tinued, accentuating the fact that in thisnew century science, technology andmedicine will replace the geographicfrontier as the new territory to be con-quered.

“You,” he told the group, “are in aposition to tell that story.”

Besides Dr. Littmann, other es-teemed guests attending the celebrationwere retired physics professors EdDeeds, David King, and Ed Hart; aswell as physics Board of Visitors mem-ber John Fox. Representatives from theCollege of Arts and Sciences includedDr. Lynn Champion, Director of Aca-demic Outreach; Dr. Don Cox, Associ-ate Dean of Academic Programs; Dr.Bill Dunne, Interim Associate Dean ofResearch, Graduate Studies and Facili-ties; and Dr. Susan Martin, AssociateDean of Academic Personnel.

Whatever Happened To . . . ?Some of our past award winners and where they are now:

Thomas Gadfort (Outstanding First Year Physics Student, 1998)Physics Graduate Program, University of Washington

Ted Corcovilos (Roseberry Award, 1999)Physics Graduate Program, Caltech

Lilia Woods (Fowler-Marion Award 1999)National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow, Naval Research Lab

Omar Zeidan (Stelson Fellowship, 2001)Research Associate, University of Florida Cancer Center

of very interesting infrared absorptionmeasurements of the light from the ris-ing sun over the Smoky Mountains witha new ultra high resolution FourierTransform Infrared Spectrometer. Thissunlight is caught on the roof of SERFand channeled to the spectrometer onthe sixth floor. Currently the high en-ergy physicists are preparing for a newLiquid Scintillator Laboratory, and nextyear it is very likely that we will also starta lab in SERF for Digital Signal Proces-sors to be used in nuclear physics ex-periments.

In the “dungeons” of the NielsenPhysics building we have recentlycleaned up the old infrared spectros-copy room, which Geoff Greene willuse to build a full-scale model of thecold neutron beam line at the SpallationNeutron Source. This project is likely toinclude several undergraduates. Evenmore undergraduate physics studentsare at the moment busy in another ofthe rooms on the first floor of Nielsenas part of an ambitious high school re-search and outreach project calledTECOP (TEnnessee Cosmic ray Obser-vatory Project), in which we will deploycosmic ray detectors to 10 local highschools. These detectors will be builtand operated by high school studentsand might eventually give us a measure-ment of the frequency of the most en-ergetic cosmic rays.

I hope these examples will give you afeel for our ever-growing on-campusresearch. In particular, we are pleasedwith the strongly increased undergradu-ate research participation, since surveyafter survey has demonstrated that par-ticipating in research is one of the mostimportant factors for undergraduatephysics majors in judging the quality ofa program.

I hope you are getting curious fromthis description of our on-campus ac-tivities and would like to see them inperson, since I will be delighted to giveyou a tour. Just give me a call and wewill roll out the “red carpet.”

From the HeadContinued from Page 1

Dr. Sorensen and Dr. Parks presentOlga Ovchinnikov with a Lide Citation

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Just for the record, Leigh Harwooddidn’t really program video gameson the computer in Lee Riedinger’s

lab. At least that’s his official responseto Glenn Young’s assertion in the lastissue of Cross Sections that he added anearly version of “Space Wars” to thePDP machine the nuclear physics groupwas using for research in the 1970s.

“Glenn gives me more credit thanI’m due. That program came ‘free’with the equipment,” Dr. Harwood saidlaughing. “I was only doing program-ming for our new data acquisition sys-tem.”

Dr. Harwood is a 1974 UT graduatewith a bachelor’s degree in physics. Theson of a Baptist minister, he was bornin Memphis but spent time in Virginia,Tennessee, and Missouri growing up.

“I’m nominally a Tennessean, but Ihad other influences,” he said.

It was while attending grade schoolin Western Tennessee’s Lake Countythat he decided he wanted to attend“the big UT” in Knoxville. His sisterwent to UT-Martin, but he set his sightson Knoxville with a major alreadysettled on.

“I wanted to go into what I thoughtwas atomic physics but would later findout was nuclear physics,” he said.

As things worked out, Knoxville hadanother attraction for him.

“I was in a very small rural highschool. The math and science was verylimited. In the summer of 1969 I spenta couple of weeks with my sister whowas working on a M.S. in microbiologyat UT. During that visit I learned aboutthe early admissions program. Thosedays in that program you could be ad-mitted to UT without a high school di-ploma, provided your GPA and collegeboards met the right criteria. Fortu-nately, mine did and I was able to avoid‘wasting’ another year in high school.The irony is that even though I have aPh.D., I’m ‘officially’ a high schooldrop-out.”

His introduction to the University,however, was not without its hiccups.

“I moved into Carrick Hall. It wassomewhat intimidating; PresidentialComplex housed more people than myhome town.”

Dr. Harwood also explained that thespelling of his first name often leadspeople to conclude that “Leigh” is a“she.” During his first fall term at UThe received a nice letter on official Uni-versity stationery in an official Univer-

sity envelope. It was from the Dean ofWomen.

“I had been invited to pledge thefreshman honors sorority,” he said.

Although he thought that it would bea great joke to attend the sorority teadescribed in the invitation, he decidedinstead to go to the Dean of Women’sOffice, where he presented both his let-ter and his ID card.

“I think there’s been a mistake,” thereceptionist said.

Life in physics, however, was a bitless complicated. Dr. Harwood workedwith Lee Riedinger, Bob Lide, andCarrol Bingham through an indepen-dent study and as a work study student.

“I sort of double-dipped,” he ex-plained.

He was also one of only a handful ofstudents pursuing physics.

“By about my sophomore year, butdefinitely by my junior year, there wereonly four of us left that started together

as freshmen,” he said. “There weren’tmany of us physics majors back inthose days.”

Though they may have been few innumber, physics majors had the oppor-tunity to work on major researchprojects. For Dr. Harwood, that oppor-tunity presented itself in UNISOR, theUniversity Isotope Separator at OakRidge. The project was established toenhance research on fundamentalnuclear structure and involved 11 uni-versities including Vanderbilt, GeorgiaTech, and Furman.

“It was pretty exciting to be aroundin the early days of UNISOR,” Dr.Harwood said. “Lee and Carrol did alot to make the early days work. I got tobe involved in very useful ways. Thatwas my first time to be on the groundfloor of something like that.”

After graduating from Tennessee,Dr. Harwood headed to Florida State tocontinue his studies in experimentalnuclear physics, earning a master’s de-gree in 1977 and a Ph.D. in 1978.

“It was a great place to be a grad stu-dent,” he said. “In a small lab like thatyou get involved in all aspects of doingthe experiments from running machin-ing parts for setups through running theaccelerator to writing the data acquisi-tion and analysis software. And THENyou get to work on your own data. Thebeaches were very nice too,” he addedwith a laugh.

Next he went to Michigan State as apost-doc. Eventually he earned tenurethere on the research staff.

“Around that time I decided to workon the cyclotron as opposed to doingexperiments in nuclear physics,” he said.

The National Superconducting Cy-clotron Laboratory at Michigan State ishome to two cyclotrons: the K500,which was the first cyclotron to a super-conducting magnet; and the K1200,which Dr. Harwood helped design.

One of Dr. Harwood’s projects atNSCL resulted in a technique for puri-fying beams of exotic nuclei.

“Back in 1980 we were planning theresearch program for the K800 (later

Dr. Leigh Harwood

Space Wars and UNISOR:

Leigh Harwood Recalls His Undergrad Days

alumnus profile

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known as the K1200) cyclotron. Wewanted to have beams of exotic nucleithat had only one ‘species’ in them and,at the same time, had a very narrow en-ergy spread; we wanted to use thosebeams for collisions with targets andstudy the results. By putting togethermy experimental nuclear physics train-ing with my ion optics knowledge, Icame up with the idea of using a wedge-shaped energy degrader to decrease theenergy spread,” he explained.

“They use that scheme at NSCL nowand also at GANIL in France. It will beused at RIA when it gets built” he said.

After nine years in Michigan, anotheropportunity arose that would sendDr. Harwood to his current post at theThomas Jefferson National AcceleratorFacility in Newport News, Virginia. Hebecame a staff scientist at CEBAF, theContinuous Electron Beam AcceleratorFacility.

“Here was this huge new facility,” hesaid. “Not a new brick had been laidfor it yet. There were a lot of ways Icould contribute. When I got here Iwas a technical advisor to the projectmanager, who was also head of the en-gineering division. My first major man-agement role was the transport systemfor the accelerator here, and there’s 5Kof it.”

CEBAF was designed to produce cwelectron beams of up to 4 GeV for thestudy of quark structure in nuclei; theaccelerator can produce beams withaverage power approaching 1 MW. OnMay 15, 1995, the accelerator reached“five pass”, i.e., full design beam en-ergy, status.

“That morning at 6:30 I said, ‘I’mcalling Hermann’ (Hermann A.Grunder, who was then CEBAF Direc-tor and is now director of ArgonneNational Lab) and I officially notified

our director that we were at full energy,”Dr. Harwood said. “That was one ofthe most thrilling moments that I’vehad.”

He has been a senior staff scientistsince 1991 and has had varying roles,including managing the design, installa-tion and commissioning of the 5 kmlong CEBAF beam transport system.He described it as “over 2000 magnets,1800 power supplies, 5 km of vacuumsystem, plus all the support hardwareand procedures.”

Subsequently he was deputy head ofaccelerator engineering and deputy headof accelerator development.

“The accelerator development timegave me the opportunity to learn a lotabout applied superconductivity, par-

Continued on Page 7

Continued on Page 7

The new Omicron Multiprobe Molecular Beam Epitaxy inDr. Hanno Weitering’s lab in the SERF building

research highlight

World-Class Research:World-Class Research:World-Class Research:World-Class Research:World-Class Research:Local AddressLocal AddressLocal AddressLocal AddressLocal Address

The Condensed Matter Experimental Group isslowly but surely turning the third floor of the Sci-ence and Engineering Research Facility into a world-

class facility for creating and characterizing materials.The addition of an Omicron Multiprobe Molecular

Beam Epitaxy (MBE) system in November 2002 is the firstof its kind at Tennessee. The system is capable of produc-ing ultrahigh purity, artificially-layered materials withatomically abrupt interfaces and greatly enhances theuniversity’s competitiveness in fundamental and applied re-search on novel, low-dimensional materials, including thinfilm nanostructures. Dr. Hanno Weitering explained thatthe multiprobe system has all the necessary tools for thesynthesis of thin films including thin film nanostructures,surface characterization (spectroscopy and microscopy),and in-situ electrical transport measurements. Thin films, which measure less than one micron thick, have applications cover-ing the gamut from microelectronics to magnetic sensors, tailored materials, optics, and corrision protection.

The system is operated by Changgan Zeng (UT postdoc), An-Ping Lee (ORNL postdoc), and Murat Ozer (physics gradu-ate student), under the supervision of Dr. Weitering. Present research projects involving the new instrumentation include thesynthesis of ferromagnetic thin-film alloys for basic research on magnetism and spin diffusion in silicon-based semiconduc-tors. Dr. Weitering explained that the successful integration of magnetic materials in silicon-based devices is predicted to revo-lutionize semiconductor- and information technology. Other projects involve electrical conductivity studies through novelquantum structures such as ultrathin metal films and atomic wire arrays.

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Stefan Spanier is trying to figure outhow matter got the upper hand.

Dr. Spanier, who joined the phys-ics faculty in September 2002 as an as-sistant professor, is part of acollaborative effort pursuing a naggingproblem in particle physics: the mysteryof what happened to antimatter whenthe universe was born.

The universe is made up of commonparticles, collectively called matter. Ev-ery particle has a corresponding antipar-ticle with identical mass and spin but anopposite charge. These antiparticles areknown as antimatter. Theory holds thatwhen the Big Bang went off, equal partsof matter and antimatter were created.

The problem is that experimentationshows matter and antimatter will annihi-late one another when they come intocontact, with their energy reappearing asphotons or other particle-antiparticlepairs. This means the universe shouldhave disintegrated shortly after creationor contain equal amount of both in dif-ferent places.

However, outside of the present re-search laboratories where it’s created,there is no antimatter anywhere in theuniverse observed today. And so a mys-tery evolved: exactly what happened tofavor matter in the battle with its antith-esis?

Dr. Spanier is working with theBaBar experiment at the Stanford Lin-ear Accelerator (SLAC) to answer thatquestion. Using a particle acceleratortwo miles long, scientists hurl pieces ofmatter and antimatter at each other torecreate the Big Bang. They generatemillions of B particles and their corre-sponding antiparticles (B-Bar) and mea-sure their decay products with theBaBar detector.

“The main goal is to really find someasymmetry in the behavior betweenmatter and antimatter,” Dr. Spanier said.

That asymmetry is thought to befrom an effect called CP violation,which has to do with why particles and

antiparticles are not mirror images ofone another.

“You create matter and antimatter,always, in the same amount,”Dr. Spanier explained.

“If they do something different, theyviolate some basic fundamental symme-tries: this is the CP.”

The theory is that matter perhapsdecays more readily into particles thanantimatter decays into antiparticles andhence matter “outnumbers” antimatter.

A deeper understanding of thisproblem could play a role in redefiningparticle theory.

“We have this so-called StandardModel,” Dr. Spanier explained. “Every-thing measured so far fits well intosome ‘big picture.’ One could believethat we are at the end of the story, weknow how things work.”

Challenging the model, however, is akey component of his research. In July2002, he presented a new measurementof CP violation at the 31st InternationalConference on High Energy Physics,held in Amsterdam. A second group,the Belle collaboration from Japan’sHigh Energy Accelerator Research Or-ganization, presented similar results.

“We measured something differentthan the model predicts,” Dr. Spaniersaid. “There was a same effect. The ef-fect was strong enough to be published.The effect is not yet strong enough sothat the world has already proof of re-sults in our field to pick it up and say,‘hey, there’s the first signs of new phys-ics.’”

If these results hold over time andfurther experimentation, however,Dr. Spanier said, “there must be somenew particles bringing us closer to anexplanation why we have an excess ofmatter with antimatter here on earth.”

He explained that “the presentedanalyses are in fact just the start of thesecond mission of the BaBar experi-ment. The experiment so far has dem-onstrated the presence of CP violationin the B-meson system with very high

precision, so nobody would doubt thatanymore. The size of the effect, though,is in astonishing close agreement withthe Standard Model. Now the questionis, on the other hand, the effect is sosmall it cannot really explain everythingat this point.”

With CP violation measurements oneis already sensitive to effects caused bypotential new particles.

“The effects are well observable butsmall because we are looking at suchlow energies as compared to the BigBang,” Dr. Spanier said. “CP violation isinfluenced by particles which we explic-itly may create and observe only at highenergies.”

More powerful accelerators areneeded to reach this energy scale. Onesuch instrument is the Large HadronCollider at CERN, the European Orga-nization for Nuclear Research. Sched-uled for completion in 2007, the LHCwill use advanced superconducting mag-net and accelerator technologies to huntfor signals of new particles. A largeelectron-positron Linear Collider forprecision studies of their properties,possibly located in the U.S., is presentlyin discussion among particle physicists.Experiments such as BaBar can, in themeantime, provide constraints aboutwhere to look for new particles andforces. A corresponding feature of

Dr. Stefan Spanier

Introducing Dr. Stefan Spaniernew faculty

See update on new particle, page 10

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these experiments is the advance incomputing power they encourage.

“Because these effects are so small,you need a lot of computing and datastorage,” Dr. Spanier said. “What wehave presently in our experiment is theworld’s largest database. We just discov-ered, very unexpectedly, a new light par-ticle, because other experiments neverlooked before in a certain corner oftheir dataset or could not afford tostore the information at all. There was avery significant peak not picked up atall.”

With the large number of collabora-tors involved (BaBar involves 550physicists from 72 institutions) goodcommunications are an absolute neces-sity.

“SLAC has [a] connection to thefastest data transfers around the earth,”Dr. Spanier said. In fact, they reached acertified data transfer speed record inFebruary, sending 6.7 gigabytes in 58seconds from Sunnyvale, California, toAmsterdam.

Dr. Spanier has 20 new computers inthe Science and Engineering ResearchFacility and hopes, in time, to put to-gether 60 more. They will be high-per-formance, high-speed machines, alllinked together for internal communica-tion. The electronic workshop of thephysics department and a graduate stu-dent are working with him to set upthe networking and clusters that willkeep Dr. Spanier’s experimental dataorganized. Systems such as this feedinto the next generation of computing;a decentralized grid design that aggre-gates a pool of computing power to beaccessed on an as-needed basis. A bro-ker machine distributes the data foranalysis and sends the results back tothe researcher. Of course, with the fu-ture potential of commercial interest,Dr. Spanier said, “what is called a bro-ker may turn into a real broker.”

Since joining the faculty last fall, Dr.Spanier has been preoccupied with set-ting up his computing system on cam-pus while maintaining his researchinterests at SLAC. He has also been in-volving other physics faculty in BaBar.

He is also getting involved in under-graduate physics education. Dr. Spanieris teaching Physics 102: How Things

In the past few years he has renewedhis enthusiasm for the sport and trav-eled to Honduras, the Red Sea, andMicronesia (the south Pacific) to dive.He also finds time to play a little music,a little volleyball, and to volunteer withthe Appalachian Trail Conference.

As for his UT days, that’s an experi-ence Dr. Harwood is quick to praise.

“I am grateful that I came to UT forschool,” he said. Of the three universi-ties he has been affiliated with, he saidthat “UT was the most geared towardthe positive welfare of the students.”

From the financial aid office to thephysics department, he said the peoplehe met at Tennessee “always seemedgenuinely interested and concernedabout the students. We weren’t just anumber and a file.”

Dr. Harwood has one son, Benjamin,who is a 21-year-old college student.

“He’s a math major who wants toteach. Abstract algebra is his specialty.I’m proud to say that he’s already had apaper published.”

ticularly its application to the cavitiesused for beam acceleration.”

In addition, he was head of the beamphysics and instrumentation departmentfor two years.

“I just can’t hold a job here,” he saidlaughing.

Currently he is leading the project todouble CEBAF’s energy to 12 GeV.

“They asked me to lead that pro-gram,” Dr. Harwood said. “I’ve beenworking on that for about three yearsnow. The whole project, accelerator plusexperimental system upgrades, will bearound $200M. We’re waiting now toget approval from the Department ofEnergy to proceed.”

Occasionally he gets to do sometechnical work, but primarily it’s bud-gets, meetings, and scheduling. He saidthat like the typical physicist, he comesin on Saturdays and spends a great dealof time on work, but he is not a manwithout other interests. At presentscuba diving is his favorite distraction, ahobby he discovered during his under-graduate days.

Alumnus Profile: Leigh HarwoodContinued from Page 5

SERF EquipmentContinued from Page 5

Work, to explain the basic principles ofphysics to non-physics majors and dem-onstrate how they fit into everyday life.He is also involved in TECOP (theTEnnessee Cosmic ray ObservationProject), a research endeavor initiatedby the Society of Physics Students.

Another asset to the University isthat his wife Mahalaxmi Krishnamurthy,is a post-doc in physics working withthe FOCUS collaboration at Fermilab.She also provides analysis support forthe BaBar experiment.

Dr. Spanier is a graduate of theJohannes Gutenberg University inMainz, Germany, having earned his di-ploma in physics in 1991 and his Ph.D.in 1994. He was awarded a CERN fel-lowship and worked as a post-doc at theUniversity of Zürich from 1994 until1998. From there he went to SLAC as aresearch associate before coming to UTlast year.

Dr. Spanier said he has now beenable to enjoy “the Alps in Geneva, thecoast in California, and the SmokyMountains in Tennessee.”

We are pleased to welcome Dr.Spanier to the physics department atUT.

Another key element in the group’son-campus research efforts is the Crys-tal Growth Facility, co-managed by Drs.Pengcheng Dai and David Mandrus.These new labs in SERF house a NECMachinery Corporation SC-2-MDH-11020 infrared (IR) image furnace; aswell as seven Lindberg Box furnaces(four 1500 C, one 1700 C, two 1200 C),two 1100 C Mini-Mite Tube furnacesand one 1500 C Lindberg Tube furnace.The facility’s IR image furnace is usedto grow single crystals of transitionmetal oxides and other materials suit-able for neutron scattering, transportand optical investigations.

More information on the facility isavailable on the Web atwww.phys.utk.edu/taml/facilities/CrystGro.html.

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The title may be new, but the faceis a familiar one. Dr. YuriEfremenko, a veteran of the

department’s elementary particle re-search team, is the newest physicist inthe UT/Oak Ridge National Labora-tory Joint Faculty program. He shares ajoint appointment between the physicsdepartment and the ORNL Physics Di-vision.

A native of Moscow, Dr. Efremenkocame to UT in 1992 as a research asso-ciate professor and has studied every-thing from possible upgrades for theLarge Electron Positron Collider atCERN to quartz fiber calorimetry atthe Stanford Linear Accelerator.

“In this country, first it was thesupercollider in Texas,” he said, re-counting his diverse research experi-ence, “then SLAC, [then] some localexperiments.”

While Dr. Efremenko has workedprimarily with Dr. Bill Bugg and Dr.

Yuri Kamychkov, he has also lent ahand to Drs. Soren Sorensen and KenRead by working on the muon identifierfor the PHENIX detector atBrookhaven.

“Actually, I’m still with PHENIX,”he said.

More recently, however, he has beenpreoccupied with two other projects:KamLAND and ORLaND.

The Kamioka Liquid ScintillatorAnti-Neutrino Detector in Japan, betterknown as KamLAND, is dedicated tothe solar neutrino problem; that is, try-ing to determine why the sun and othersources of radioactive emissions pro-duce only about one-third of the neutri-nos they should as predicted by theory.

In December, the collaboration cap-tured headlines in The New York Times asa result of a paper they submitted toPhysical Review Letters. The paper pro-posed that some neutrinos, which comein three “flavors,” actually change theiridentity as they approach the earth fromthe sun. The experimental work atKamLAND, based on the study of an-tineutrinos from nuclear reactors, alsoconfirmed that neutrinos do in fact havea tiny bit of mass. This could redefinethe Standard Model of physics.

Dr. Efremenko explained that UT’swork with KamLAND consisted of re-furbishing 600 photomultipliers (about

one-third of the detectorsused for the experiment) to getthem calibrated and up tospeed for data analysis.

“We continue to evaluatedata . . . to provide more pre-cise measurements,” he said.

In present formKamLAND has about anothertwo years, he added, “then wewill consider an upgrade.”

Researchers will strive tomake the equipment more sen-sitive at lower energies to studyterrestrial neutrinos while con-tinuing their observation ofsolar neutrinos.

Aside from KamLAND, Dr.Efremenko was also co-spokesman ofthe ORLaND project (the Oak RidgeLaboratory for Neutrino Detection), aproposed underground facility to bebuilt adjacent to the Spallation NeutronSource. The ORLaND project hasevolved into a somewhat more modestendeavor, the SNS2 (Supernova Neu-trino Studies at the Spallation Neutron

Source) to measure neutrino nuclearcross sections of astrophysical interest.

“I’m sort of in charge of this neu-trino program,” Dr. Efremenko said.

ORLaND would take advantage ofthe sheer number of neutrinos the SNSwill produce on a relatively “fixed”schedule. The Spallation NeutronSource will include a liquid-mercury tar-get for bombardment by beams of pro-tons. When protons interact with themercury atoms in the target, neutronsare formed, but so are pions, which de-cay into a neutrino and a muon. Themuon then decays into one electronand two neutrinos. The SNS will pro-duce about 1015 neutrinos per secondfrom the decay of stopped pions. Apowerful research advantage forORLaND is that the SNS will produceneutrinos in pulses with a much morepredictable schedule than the sun orreactors, making observations mucheasier.

Dr. Bugg explained that “because ofthe exciting potential for neutrino phys-ics at SNS, Yuri proposed and orga-nized an ingenious experiment to studyprocesses that could lead to back-grounds at stopped pion facilities likeSNS. Yuri’s experiment, managed by asmall group of physicists at UT,

Dr. Yuri Efremenko

Dr. Efremenko works with the undergraduatestudents involved in TECOP

Dr. Yuri Efremenko: A Veteran Rookie

new faculty

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ORNL, and TRIUMF in Canada, wascarried out at the TRIUMF accelerator.”(TRIUMF is Canada’s National Labora-tory for Particle and Nuclear Physics.)

The experiment involved a search fordecay of stopped negative pi mesons inlow Z target materials used to produceneutrons and therefore has beendubbed “pi in the water” as opposed to“pi in the sky.” The results of the ex-periment indicate that SNS will be avery clean neutrino source.

Another responsibility for Dr.Efremenko is his work with TECOP,the TEnnessee Cosmic ray Observation

On February 1, 2003, the physicsdepartment lost a friend, a scholar,and a gentleman when Dr. Ed Har-ris passed away after a brief illness.He was 78 years old.

Edward Grant Harris was bornMarch 10, 1924, in Morristown,Tennessee. At age 18 he enlisted inthe U.S. Army Air Corps and servedas a WWII radar operator on a B-24bomber in the 5th Air Force, Pacific

Theater. He completed his military service in 1945 and re-turned to Tennessee, where he earned a bachelor’s degree inelectrical engineering at UT in 1948. He followed that with amaster’s degree in physics two years later, and finally a Ph.D.in physics in 1953. He spent four years with the Naval Re-search Laboratory before returning to UT in 1957 as an assis-tant professor of physics.

Among the places Dr. Harris traveled and worked duringhis illustrious career were the University of California Radia-tion Laboratory at Livermore; the Atomic Energy ResearchEstablishment Laboratory at Harwell, England; theLaboratoria Gas Ionizatti in Frascati, Italy; the John J.Hopkins Laboratory in La Jolla, California and the ScottishUniversities Summer School of Plasma Physics in New BattleAbbey, Scotland. He was an active member of the physicsfaculty until 1975, when he became a professor emeritus.That same year he also became a Benford Foundation Distin-guished Professor of Physics.

Dr. Harris was a renowned scholar whose books becamepermanent fixtures on the physics landscape. A Pedestrian Ap-proach to Quantum Field Theory was first published in 1972 andwas translated into German in 1975. Introduction to ModernTheoretical Physics (Vol. 1: Classical Physics; Vol. 2: Quantum

Theory and Statistical Physics) was published in 1975; VolumeTwo was later translated into Chinese.

The importance of his work and his gift for teachingwere summed up by Dr. Junichiro Fukai, a former studentof Dr. Harris who is now an associate professor of physicsat Auburn University.

“Dr. Harris was an extraordinary teacher in every way,”he wrote. “[He] was my thesis advisor guiding me in theo-retical plasma physics for my Ph.D. He always presented adifficult subject in a very comprehensive fashion. All of ourclassmates were amazed and inspired in his rather quiet lec-tures. We respected him greatly. His two-volume book ofModern Theoretical Physics has served us as a bible ofphysics. Dr. Harris guided us through unselfish advice, ca-maraderie, and warm hospitality. I was very much inspiredby his eternal sprit of inquiry in physics. I will miss himgreatly.”

A tribute to his scholarly influence is the fact that al-though Dr. Harris took credit for only 44 publications, fourof them alone have garnered 808 citations.

Dr. Harris was a fellow of the American Physics Societyand a member of the American Association of PhysicsTeachers, the American Association for the Advancementof Science, and the Federation of American Scientists. Heserved as a consultant to the Thermonuclear Division atOak Ridge National Laboratory for 20 years and was amember of the Scientific Advisory Board of the DystoniaMedical Research Foundation. He also supervised a total of17 Ph.D. students.

Dr. Harris is survived by his wife, Sara Waldron Harris,and his daughter, Heather Ann Harris. Other family mem-bers include his sister-in-law Sarah Harris, nephew GrantHarris, niece and husband Peggy and Steve Mardosa andson Peter and brother-in-law Ralph F. Waldron.

Dr. Ed Harris

Project. He is serving as technical direc-tor of the undergraduate research en-deavor, which involves a collaborationbetween UT physics majors and highschools to build a network of detectorsto capture cosmic ray information and asystem to analyze the data.

Dr. Efremenko said he has dividedthe students into groups based on theircapabilities and the project’s goals, andat the end he will bring them all to-gether to work together on a cohesiveresult.

“They’re learning,” he said. “Thereare a lot of things to do.”

Dr. Efremenko earned his master’sdegree in 1982 at Moscow EngineeringPhysics University (MIPI) and finishedhis Ph.D. in 1990 at the Institute forTheoretical and Experimental Physics(ITEP) in Moscow. The author of morethan 140 publications, he spent one yearas a guest scientist at CEBAF (the Con-tinuous Electron Beam Accelerator Fa-cility) in Virginia before coming to UT.His appointment as a faculty memberthis past fall is a welcome addition tothe department.

A Scholar and a Gentleman

Professor Ed Harris (1924-2003)

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Physics Family Newsfaculty

staff

students

alumni

A subatomic particle, Ds (2317), de-buted in April and two physics facultymembers had something to say about it.The May 6 edition of the Oak Ridgerdescribes the new particle as having astrange quark configuration, very smallyet very stable with low mass. Scientistsat the Stanford Linear Accelerator dis-covered Ds (2317), whose existence wasannounced April 28. Both ProfessorTed Barnes and Assistant ProfessorStefan Spanier were quoted in the OakRidger article. Dr. Barnes co-authored apaper hypothesizing that the new par-ticle is really a molecule of quarks, buthe explained to the newspaper thatwhether it’s a multi-state quark or a newparticle, it’s certainly a surprise. Dr.Spanier was part of the BaBar collabo-ration working on the project. He saidthat UT has been involved with thiswork from the very beginning and willcontinue to do so. His new 20-computersetup will be part of that work. The ar-ticle is available at the physics Web site(www.phys.utk.edu).

Congratulations to Stefan and MahaSpanier on the birth of their daughter,Ishani Maria, on May 12.

Paul Lewis was the U.S. Cellular/WATE Channel 6 Educator of theMonth for March. Paul directs both theastronomy outreach and observing pro-grams as well as the Teachers ResourceDistribution Center. A description ofthe program is available on the Channel6 Web site at www.wate.com.Congratulations to our most recentgraduates:

Spring 2003: Maria Fout, B.S.; BrianIrick, B.S.; James LePage, B.S.;

Suphot Musiri, Ph.D.; George Noid,B.S.; Hyo-In Park, M.S.; John Pierce,Ph.D.; Sonali Shukla, B.S.; Shu-JungTang, Ph.D.; Alex Thesen, Ph.D.

Fall 2002: Anas Ababneh, Ph.D.; LucDessieux, M.S.; Eric Lingerfelt, M.S.;William Newton, M.S.; James J.Schiermeyer, M.S.; Malachi Schram,M.S.; Denise Story, B.S.

The department was well represented atthe January American Astronomical So-ciety meeting in Seattle, in no small partthanks to the students. Graduate stu-dent Reuben Budiardja presented aposter on “Programming WirelessHandheld Devices for Applications inTeaching Astronomy,” which explainshow Dr. Mike Guidry’s group has devel-oped client/server programs that,among other capabilities, allows stu-dents to access a 700-question as-tronomy quiz database from a cellphone or PDA. His presentation fea-tured hands-on demonstrations withreal devices. The group was responsiblefor six posters at the meeting, whichinvolved the work of current andformer students Bronson Messer, EricLingerfelt, Kyungyuk Chae, SuzanneParete-Koon, and Erin McMahon.

Anton Naoumov gave a talk at the SPSsession of the American Physical Soci-ety March Meeting, held in Austin,Texas. His presentation, entitled, “To-ward the Separation andEnantiomeric Excess ofChiral Carbon Nanotubes,”described his research withDr. Bob Compton and Dr.Ray Garrett.

Four physics majors areamong the 23 students se-lected for internships in theUT/Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory UndergraduateSummer Research Pro-gram. They are JoeyNicely, James Alsup,Scott Outten and GailZasowski. The program,in its second year, provides

a $2,000 stipend and tuition credit fortwo hours of directed study for eachstudent and a $500 honorarium for thesupervising faculty member. TheProvost’s Office and ORNL fund theprogram, which is designed to increasethe participation of undergraduates inthe university’s research enterprise.

Congratulations to Sam Held (M.S.,1999) and his wife Erica on the birth oftheir third son, Timothy James Held,born February 4, 2003. He joins olderbrothers Sammy and Charlie.

David Witt (B.S., Engineering Physics,1995) is a Senior Health Data Analystwith CIGNA Healthcare in Chatta-nooga, where he works with custom da-tabase programming and analysis of theresults.

Dr. Ronald E. Goans (B.S, Engineer-ing Physics, 1968; M.S., Physics, 1969;Ph.D., Physics, 1974) is a Senior MedicalConsultant with MJW Corporation anda Clinical Associate Professor at theTulane University School of PublicHealth and Tropical Medicine. Heearned his M.D. at the George Washing-ton University School of Medicine.Judy Winegar Goans (B.S., Engineer-ing Physics, 1971) is an attorney withNathan Associates, Inc.

Players choose their teams for the annual physicssoftball game at the departmental picnic April 26.

11CROSS

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Thanks to our Donors!The physics department is gratefulfor all gifts, both in general andthose received during the Board ofVisitors December 2002 develop-ment campaign. We would like tothank the following people for theirgenerosity to our programs:

(Gifts forwarded from November2002 through May 15, 2003)

Chang-Hyuk AnYoung-won K. AnDonald BehrmanHugo W. BertiniPhyllis BlaunsteinRobert BlaunsteinMarian BuggWilliam BuggMilinda ComptonRobert ComptonCreative Software Development, Inc.Marilyn Mary CrookerE. Charles Crume, Jr.Dean A. DeedsMargaret S. DeedsSteve Dendrinos, Jr.Mary DendrinosDennis EricksonWanda FerrellJohn D. FoxJoanne S. Gailar

Norman M. GailarJoAnn GuidryMichael GuidryDennis G. HallRita HallJackie T. HillSandra J. HinsdaleRussell Henry HuebnerCary L. JacksonGeorge W. JacksonJames S. JarrattLarry D. JohnsonShirley A. JohnsonStanley O. Johnson, Sr.Albert C. Kahler, IIISarah A. KahlerJoseph G. KrekeJoseph T. LewisBarbara T. LideJanet C. LundyTed S. LundyRichard E. MaerkerSylvia MaerkerNancy P. McCorkleWilliam C. McCorkleJames R. MooreWitold NazarewiczBarbara ParksJames E. ParksBetsy QuinnJohn J. QuinnCharles A. Reeves, Jr.

Dorothy E. RitchieRufus H. RitchieJames B. RobertoJane C. RobertoGinger RoseberryMarshall Lee SaylorsSharon SaylorsChris SimpsonTina G. SimpsonGeorge SiopsisDianna SorensenSoren SorensenMacy W. SummersSherry F. SummersMary Sue TalleyRobert M. TalleyJohn E. TansilLinda H. TansilDawn ThompsonJames R. Thompson, Jr.James D. TrolingerCharlene TuttleWilliam K. Tuttle, IIICharles C. WatsonNancy G. WatsonAlan WintenbergKimberly D. WintenbergArthur E. WoodKenneth H. Wright, Jr.Peggy WrightAli R. YazdiGlenn R. Young

Undergraduate ScholarshipsThe William Bugg General

Scholarship FundThe Dorothy and Rufus Ritchie

Scholarship FundThe G. Samuel and Betty P. Hurst

Scholarship Fund

Undergraduate Student AwardThe Douglas V. RoseberryMemorial Fund

Giving OpportunitiesGraduate AwardsPaul Stelson Fellowship FundFowler-Marion Physics Fund

Other Departmental FundsPhysics General Scholarship FundPhysics Equipment FundRobert W. Lide Citations

Giving to thePhysics Department:

If you would like more information onhow to make a donation or a pledge toour scholarship funds, please contact:

Mrs. Jen O’Brien, Interim DirectorCollege of Arts and SciencesOffice of Development4 Alumni Memorial BuildingThe University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN 37996-1320Phone: 865-974-2365jobrien@utk.edu

Non-Profit Org.U.S. PostagePAIDPermit No. 481The Univ. of Tenn.Knoxville, TN

DeparDeparDeparDeparDepartment of Physicstment of Physicstment of Physicstment of Physicstment of Physicsand Astronomyand Astronomyand Astronomyand Astronomyand Astronomy

401 Nielsen Physics BuildingThe University of TennesseeKnoxville, Tennessee 37996-1200

The University of Tennessee does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, color, religion,national origin, age, disability, or veteran status in provision of education programs and servicesor employment opportunities and benefits. This policy extends to both employment by andadmission to the University.

The University does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, or disability in the educationprograms and activities pursuant to the requirements of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973,and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990.

Inquiries and charges of violation concerning Title VI, Title IX, Section 504, ADA, the AgeDiscrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), or any of the other above referenced policiesshould be directed to the Office of Equity and Diversity; 2110 Terrace Avenue; Knoxville, TN37996-3560; telephone (865) 974-2498 (TTY available). Requests for accommodation of a dis-ability should be directed to the ADA Coordinator at the Office of Human Resources Manage-ment; 600 Henley Street; Knoxville, TN 37996-4125.

PA#E01-1060-002-03

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Cross SectionsCross SectionsCross SectionsCross SectionsCross Sectionsis published by the UTDepartment of Physics &Astronomy twice each year.

Administration:Dr. Soren Sorensen, HeadDr. James E. Parks, Associate Head

Newsletter:Catherine LongmireCommunications Specialistcal@utk.edu

Telephone: 865.974.3342Fax: 865.974.7843Web: http://www.phys.utk.edu

The artwork above is a drawing of the “Untitled”sculpture over the entrance of the Nielsen PhysicsBuilding. The sculpture was designed by ProfessorPhilip Nichols of the Department of Art and isintended to convey the feeling of large and smallmasses, atoms, molecules, motions of chargedparticles in magnetic fields, and radiation emanat-ing from nuclear disintegrations.