October 2006 1

CSI Formats and Building Information Modeling

Roger J GrantDirector Technical Services and Development,

The Construction Specifications Institute

Federal Facilities Council Government/Industry Forum

October 31, 2006

October 2006 2

PhasesPhases

ProcessesProcesses

Information Information StandardStandardss

Cost estimateCost estimateDetailed Design,

Specification, Product search, selection

Detailed Design, Specification, Product

search, selection

Bid packages,

price discovery

Bid packages,

price discovery

Purchasing, Scheduling,

Change mgmt

Purchasing, Scheduling,

Change mgmt

Conceptual Design,

Cost Planning

Conceptual Design,

Cost Planning

Asset modeling,Facility mgmt.

Asset modeling,Facility mgmt.

BiddingPre-projectPlanning

PreliminaryDesign Procurement Construction OperationsDesign

North American Information StandardsNorth American Information Standards

National BIM StandardNational BIM Standard

OmniClassOmniClass

MasterFormatMasterFormat

UniFormatUniFormat UniFormatUniFormat

National CAD Standard

National CAD Standard

Uniform Facility Guide SpecsUniform Facility Guide Specs

Industry Foundation Classes (ifc)Industry Foundation Classes (ifc)

Open Standards Consortium for Real Estate (OSCRE)

Open Standards Consortium for Real Estate (OSCRE)

Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)

October 2006 3

UniFormat Elemental Classification System

A SubstructureA10Foundations Level 2

A1010 Standard Foundations Level 3

A1010.XX Wall Foundations Level 4

A1010.XX Column Foundations

Level 5

B Shell

C Interiors

D Services

E Equipment and Furnishings

F Special Construction and Demolition

G Building Sitework

Z General

October 2006 4

Work Results by Element

Source: RS Means CostWorks

Materials Properties

October 2006 5

MasterFormat is organized MasterFormat is organized to integrate the Lifeto integrate the Life--Cycle of Cycle of

the Facilitythe Facility

MasterFormatWork Results

Classification System 50 Divisions

Division Numbers and TitlesProcurement and Contracting Requirement Group:Div. 00 Procurement and Contracting

RequirementsSpecification Group:General Requirements SubgroupDiv. 01 General RequirementsFacilities Construction SubgroupDiv. 02 Existing ConditionsDiv. 03 ConcreteDiv. 04 MasonryDiv. 05 MetalsDiv. 06 Wood, Plastics, and ComponentsDiv. 07 Thermal and Moisture ProtectionDiv.08 OpeningsDiv. 09 FinishesDiv. 10 SpecialtiesDiv. 11 EquipmentDiv. 12 FurnishingsDiv. 13 Special ConstructionDiv. 14 Conveying EquipmentDiv. 15 – 19 Reserved for Future ExpansionFacility Services Subgroup:Div. 20 Reserved for Future ExpansionDiv. 21 Fire SuppressionDiv..22 PlumbingDiv. 23 HVACDiv. 25 Integrated AutomationDiv. 26 ElectricalDiv 27 CommunicationsDiv. 28 Electronic Safety and security.Site and Infrastructure:Div. 30 - 39Process Equipment SubgroupDiv. 40 Process IntegrationDiv. 41 Material Processing and handlingDiv 43 - 49

October 2006 6

Why Revise MasterFormat?

October 2006 7

SectionFormat

PART 1 GENERAL

SUMMARY REFERENCES DEFINITIONS SYSTEM DESCRIPTION SUBMITTALS QUALITY ASSURANCEDELIVERY, STORAGE,

AND HANDLINGPROJECT/SITE*

CONDITIONSSEQUENCING SCHEDULINGWARRANTYSYSTEM STARTUP OWNER'S INSTRUCTIONS COMMISSIONINGMAINTENANCE

PART 2 PRODUCTS

MANUFACTURERS EXISTING PRODUCTS

MATERIALSMANUFACTURED UNITSEQUIPMENTCOMPONENTSACCESSORIESMIXESFABRICATIONFINISHESSOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

PART 3 EXECUTION

INSTALLERS EXAMINATIONPREPARATIONERECTION INSTALLATION APPLICATION CONSTRUCTIONREPAIR/RESTORATION RE-

INSTALLATION FIELD QUALITY CONTROLADJUSTINGCLEANINGDEMONSTRATIONPROTECTIONSCHEDULES

Provides a uniform approach to organizing specification text contained in a Project Manual

Properties

Materials

Products

October 2006 8

Need – Bi-directional Information Flow and Cross-referencing

Various documents share same information structures , however, information generated in each document cannot directly be transferred to another application or cross-referenced

Designed elements(compositon of products)

Design Description

Elemental CostEST.

Preliminary ProjectDes.

Unit Cost est. Construction Specs.Outline Specs.

Element categories Element categories Work resultcategories

Work resultcategories

Work resultcategories

- Designed elements& Associated costs

Description of:- Designed elements,& Associated Products- AssociatedRequirements

Description of:- Products- Activities- Product Req.- Activity Req.- Other Spec.

- Labor- Equipment- Product& Associated costs

Organizationalstructure

Informationcontent

Description of:- Products- Activities- Product Req.- Activity Req.- Other Spec.

Common Information structures among variousdocuments

Source: Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci

October 2006 9

OmniClass – Classification System for the Built EnvironmentWorkGroup 1:11 Construction Entities

by Function12 Construction Entities

by Form 13 Spaces by Function 14 Spaces by Form

WorkGroup 2:21 Elements - UniFormat22 Work Results –

MasterFormat 0423 Products

WorkGroup 3:31 Phases32 Services33 Disciplines34 Organizational

Roles35 Tools36 Information

WorkGroup 4:41 Materials49 Properties

October 2006 10

MasterFormatConstruction Work Results,

Requirements, Products, Activities

UniFormatSystems and Assemblies

Construction Entities by

Form

Construction Entities by FunctionSpaces

by Function

Spaces by Form

ProductsPhases

Elements & Design

Elements

Work Results

Tools

Materials

Properties

Information

Services

Disciplines

Organizational Roles

OmniClassConstruction Information

Relation of MasterFormat and UniFormat to OmniClass

October 2006 11

Industry Foundation Classes • Set of internationally

standardized construction industry object definitions

• Basis – integration of objects across project life cycle using a single model

• IFC stores object data –geometry, 3D dimensions, location, relationships, properties

• IFC and OmniClass intersect in Elements and Properties Table

Building_part

Door2 Window_frame

4

Window6

Glass7

frame

glass S[1:?]

Room8

Room_connection9

windows S[0:?]door

relating

relatedRoom_id

3identification

International Open Standard = IFC model

October 2006 12

Building elements - Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)

IfcElement: Generalization of all components that make up an AEC product.

IfcBuildingElement: The building element comprises all elements that areprimarily part of the construction of a building, i.e., its structural and spaceseparating system.

IfcElementIfcBuildingElementIfcDistributionElementIfcElectricalElementIfcElementAssemblyIfc ElementComponentIfcEquipmentElementIfcFeatureElementIfcTransportElementIfcVirtualElement

IfcBuildingElementIfcBeamIfcBuildingElementComponentIfcBuildingElementProxyIfcColumnIfcCoveringIfcCurtainWallIfcDoorIfcFootingIfcMemberIfcPileIfcPlateIfcRailingIfcRampIfcRampFlightIfcRoofIfcSlabIfcStairIfcStairFlightIfcWallIfcWallStandardCaseIfcWindow

October 2006 13

In IFC functions are defined as properties rather than the basis oftheir classification.

Building elements - IFC

Property Set Attachment(IfcRelDefinesByProperties)

IfcWall objects

Property set isattached

Pset_WallCommon

- Is External- Load Bearing-Compartmentation- Extend to structure- ...

Source: Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci

October 2006 14

Relation of OmniClass & UniFormat to IfcElements

Currently OmniClass elements (which are very close to UniFormat Elements) represents assemblies rather than individual elements. Thus, some elements in OmniClass correspond to aggregation of a number of elements in IFC such as :

IfcWall

IfcCovering

OmniClassExterior Wall

OmniClassBearing Wall

OmniClassRetaining Wall

IfcBeam

IfcColumn

IfcSlab

OmniClassFloor

Construction

OmniClassRoof

Construction

- many to many relations

Source: Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci

October 2006 15

OmniClass elements table – Requirements for incorporating designed elements

Identifying the designed types for elements which represents assemblies might result in infeasible number of designed elements.

ExteriorWall

(defined as anassembly)

CMU wall, with extrudedpolystrene insulation, andbrick facing

Designedelement

FunctionalElement

CMU wall, with extrudedpolystrene insulation, andexterior plaster finishing

Source: Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci

October 2006 16

Taxonomies

• Taxonomies are hierarchical thesauri –relating broader and narrower concepts and providing terminology alternatives for identifying these concepts

• Taxonomies can help establish a controlled vocabulary

• OmniClass and the IFD provide a basis for establishing a taxonomy

October 2006 17

OmniClass

International Framework for Dictionaries (IFD)

InternationalFramework

Dictionary (IFD)

LexiCon

BARBiOther International

Thesaurus

Other InternationalTaxonomy

North American Construction

Industry Taxonomy

October 2006 18

Point–to–point Communication

A BCommunication isConveying meaning

A BMessage

Communication mediumConceptsto be com-municated

Message formed

Message received, decoded,concepts understood

Encoding

October 2006 19

Encoding of a Message

A

Conceptsto be com-municated

Message formed

Semantics

Syntax

Content

Meaning - Data model

Format

Instance Data

Encoding

October 2006 20

Agree on Semantics and Syntax

HVACArchitect

FacilitiesManager

ConstructionManager

LightingDesigner

StructuralEngineer

BuildingOwner

CivilEngineer

SharedSemantics &

Syntax

• Participants can communicate using a common language

• Any participant can communicate with any other participant

• Facilitates high performance teams

October 2006 21

Op/maint.manuals

Diagnosticdata

Op/maint.manuals

Diagnosticdata

RFI/RFQ,Shop

drawings,Order entry,

Invoice,tracking

RFI/RFQ,Shop

drawings,Order entry,

Invoice,tracking

SubmittalsSubmittalsPlanning, Feasibility Analysis

Planning, Feasibility Analysis

Tech data,Specs,

DrawingsConfigurators

Tech data,Specs,

DrawingsConfigurators

OrganizedOrganizedTransparentTransparentInformationInformation

Goal of Using StandardsGoal of Using Standards

Requestsfor

clarification during

bid stage

Requestsfor

clarification during

bid stage