8/2/2019 CST8

1/15

California State Test

Grade 8

8/2/2019 CST8

2/15

America Before

the Constitution

Religious movement(1700s)

Formal break fromGreat Britain

Won freedom fromBritain; started

democracy

Parliament (2 housegovernment)

8/2/2019 CST8

3/15

U.S. Constitution

Limited English kings powers; has to follow laws

Limited English monarchs powers; cant change

laws

Self-government National government with limited powers; failed

Essays supporting a new constitution

Government cannot force religion on someone Father of the Constitution; rewrote constitution

8/2/2019 CST8

4/15

U.S. Constitution - Articles Forms Congress - Senate and House of

Representatives (Legislative) Forms Presidency and Cabinet (Executive)

Forms Supreme Court and court system (Judicial)

States laws respected; new states added

Changing (amending) law of the land

Supremacy clause; national government overridesstate government

Constitution approved Rights of American citizens (1-10)

Belief that states have more rights than nationalgovernment

8/2/2019 CST8

5/15

Participation in American

Politics 15, 19, 26 Amendments; no law stating whocan vote

Strict construction; anti-national bank; anti-tariff; pro-agrarian (farming); expand votingrights

Loose construction; pro-national bank; pro-tariff; anti-agrarian; restrict voting rights

Threatened to end American government

8/2/2019 CST8

6/15

Expectations

Supported region rather than nation

No foreign alliances or political parties

American System (Clay) - self-sufficient Expanded voting rights; forced Cherokee out of

Georgia

Focus on American landscape; transcendentalism

8/2/2019 CST8

7/15

Foreign

Policy

U.S. defeated Britain; rise in patriotism

Europe wont interfere with the Americas

Brought from France; doubled the size of U.S. Led by Tecumseh to stop westward expansion

8/2/2019 CST8

8/15

U.S.Northeast

Trade, manufacturing, transportation

Pro-tariff; mainly anti-slavery (Republican)

Wealthy, middle class, immigrants, poor Opportunities for African Americans; education

reforms; womens rights

8/2/2019 CST8

9/15

U.S. -

South

Agrarian (cotton, tobacco farming)

Pro-slavery, anti-tariff (Democrat)

Plantation system; wealthy planter, sharecroppers,

slaves Horrible conditions; slave revolts (D. Vesey, N.

Turner)

8/2/2019 CST8

10/15

U.S. -

West

Americas destiny to move westward

Farming; mining (gold, silver)

Frontier difficult; women and men worked on farms

From Mexico; started war when admitted as slavestate

U.S. victory; gained land to Pacific Ocean

8/2/2019 CST8

11/15

Abolition

Movement

Quakers (Penn.) anti-slavery

Slaves 3/5 of a person

Conductor of UndergroundRailroad

Abolitionist leader

Missouri - slave; Maine -

free; U.S. balanced

CA - free; TX given money;Mexican Cession in half

LA Purchase in 2; votersdecide on slavery

African Americans notcitizens, no rights

8/2/2019 CST8

12/15

The CivilWar

Small states; connected by railroads; factories

Larger states; less railroads; farms

President (16th) during Civil War; freed slaves

War fought for liberty, equality, democracy Freed slaves in Confederacy, not other states

Promoted peace for North and South

Commanded Western Union army, then entire Union Army

Virginian commander of Confederate Army

President of Confederacy

8/2/2019 CST8

13/15

Civil War Battles

Fort Sumter (started war); Battle ofAntietam (bloodiest); Battle of

Gettysburg (turning point); Appomattox(not battle, ended war)

8/2/2019 CST8

14/15

Reconstruction

Reuniting and rebuilding nation

Relief agency for poor Southerners

Segregation laws (forced racial separation) 13th (slavery illegal); 14th (citizens legally

protected); 15th (African American men can vote)

Ku Klux Klan - violence and terror

8/2/2019 CST8

15/15

IndustrialRevolution

Americans moved west for land and gold

Farmers political groups

T. Edison, A. Bell, H. Ford, Wright brothers, S. Slater

A. Carnegie (steel); J.D. Rockefeller (oil); Stanford(railroad)

Urban growth, problems, reforms

Southern and Eastern Europe; worked low payingjobs

Protested to improve working conditions and wages