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California State Test
Grade 8
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America Before
the Constitution
Religious movement(1700s)
Formal break fromGreat Britain
Won freedom fromBritain; started
democracy
Parliament (2 housegovernment)
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U.S. Constitution
Limited English kings powers; has to follow laws
Limited English monarchs powers; cant change
laws
Self-government National government with limited powers; failed
Essays supporting a new constitution
Government cannot force religion on someone Father of the Constitution; rewrote constitution
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U.S. Constitution - Articles Forms Congress - Senate and House of
Representatives (Legislative) Forms Presidency and Cabinet (Executive)
Forms Supreme Court and court system (Judicial)
States laws respected; new states added
Changing (amending) law of the land
Supremacy clause; national government overridesstate government
Constitution approved Rights of American citizens (1-10)
Belief that states have more rights than nationalgovernment
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Participation in American
Politics 15, 19, 26 Amendments; no law stating whocan vote
Strict construction; anti-national bank; anti-tariff; pro-agrarian (farming); expand votingrights
Loose construction; pro-national bank; pro-tariff; anti-agrarian; restrict voting rights
Threatened to end American government
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Expectations
Supported region rather than nation
No foreign alliances or political parties
American System (Clay) - self-sufficient Expanded voting rights; forced Cherokee out of
Georgia
Focus on American landscape; transcendentalism
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Foreign
Policy
U.S. defeated Britain; rise in patriotism
Europe wont interfere with the Americas
Brought from France; doubled the size of U.S. Led by Tecumseh to stop westward expansion
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U.S.Northeast
Trade, manufacturing, transportation
Pro-tariff; mainly anti-slavery (Republican)
Wealthy, middle class, immigrants, poor Opportunities for African Americans; education
reforms; womens rights
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U.S. -
South
Agrarian (cotton, tobacco farming)
Pro-slavery, anti-tariff (Democrat)
Plantation system; wealthy planter, sharecroppers,
slaves Horrible conditions; slave revolts (D. Vesey, N.
Turner)
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U.S. -
West
Americas destiny to move westward
Farming; mining (gold, silver)
Frontier difficult; women and men worked on farms
From Mexico; started war when admitted as slavestate
U.S. victory; gained land to Pacific Ocean
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Abolition
Movement
Quakers (Penn.) anti-slavery
Slaves 3/5 of a person
Conductor of UndergroundRailroad
Abolitionist leader
Missouri - slave; Maine -
free; U.S. balanced
CA - free; TX given money;Mexican Cession in half
LA Purchase in 2; votersdecide on slavery
African Americans notcitizens, no rights
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The CivilWar
Small states; connected by railroads; factories
Larger states; less railroads; farms
President (16th) during Civil War; freed slaves
War fought for liberty, equality, democracy Freed slaves in Confederacy, not other states
Promoted peace for North and South
Commanded Western Union army, then entire Union Army
Virginian commander of Confederate Army
President of Confederacy
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Civil War Battles
Fort Sumter (started war); Battle ofAntietam (bloodiest); Battle of
Gettysburg (turning point); Appomattox(not battle, ended war)
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Reconstruction
Reuniting and rebuilding nation
Relief agency for poor Southerners
Segregation laws (forced racial separation) 13th (slavery illegal); 14th (citizens legally
protected); 15th (African American men can vote)
Ku Klux Klan - violence and terror
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IndustrialRevolution
Americans moved west for land and gold
Farmers political groups
T. Edison, A. Bell, H. Ford, Wright brothers, S. Slater
A. Carnegie (steel); J.D. Rockefeller (oil); Stanford(railroad)
Urban growth, problems, reforms
Southern and Eastern Europe; worked low payingjobs
Protested to improve working conditions and wages