Culture ClashCulture Clash

Rural v. Urban Rural v. Urban

Science vs. FundamentalismScience vs. Fundamentalism– The Scopes Trial The Scopes Trial

Conflict of Cultures Conflict of Cultures LEADS TOLEADS TO – Prohibition Prohibition – Nativism and the KlanNativism and the Klan– Religious fundamentalism Religious fundamentalism

(THE CENTURY VIDEO)(THE CENTURY VIDEO)

1920’s DBQ Question1920’s DBQ Question

The 1920’s were a period of tension The 1920’s were a period of tension between new and changing attitudes on between new and changing attitudes on the one hand and traditional values and the one hand and traditional values and nostalgia on the other. nostalgia on the other.

What led to the tension between old and What led to the tension between old and new new

AND AND

in what ways was the tension manifested?in what ways was the tension manifested?

DEFINING TERMSDEFINING TERMS

OLDOLD

TraditionalTraditional

RuralRural

NEWNEW

ModernModern

UrbanUrban

1. Watch VIDEO1. Watch VIDEO– Look for info and at the info in terms of the DBQ question Look for info and at the info in terms of the DBQ question – Take notes on the video using a format that forces you to Take notes on the video using a format that forces you to

look at the info from that anglelook at the info from that angle

2. Brainstorm what you know & have learned so far 2. Brainstorm what you know & have learned so far from your reading & my lectures about the 20s (1919-from your reading & my lectures about the 20s (1919-1929) that you would use to answer the DBQ 1929) that you would use to answer the DBQ questionquestion

3. USE the textbooks to add info to your brainstorm 3. USE the textbooks to add info to your brainstorm LIST LIST

4. Look at Docs presented here to add to your 4. Look at Docs presented here to add to your brainstorm list brainstorm list

Creating a DATA BASECreating a DATA BASE

BrainstormBrainstorm– CAUSES of the tension between old CAUSES of the tension between old

(traditional values) & new ( & changing (traditional values) & new ( & changing attitudes)attitudes)

BrainstormBrainstorm– EXAMPLES (manifestations) of the tension EXAMPLES (manifestations) of the tension

between old & newbetween old & new

OLDOLD NEWNEW

CAUSES CAUSES Of theOf the TENSIONS between Old v. TENSIONS between Old v. NewNew

EXAMPLESEXAMPLES(Manifestations)(Manifestations)

Of theOf the TENSIONS between Old v. TENSIONS between Old v. NewNew

TENSIONTENSIONversusversus

The traditional backlash The traditional backlash

AGAINSTAGAINST

the modern, secular culture of the New the modern, secular culture of the New Era Era

resulted in all of the following movements:resulted in all of the following movements:– prohibition prohibition – nativism nativism – religious fundamentalism religious fundamentalism

The “New” cultureThe “New” culture

Modern ; UrbanModern ; Urban

EXAMPLES EXAMPLES

““New” LiteratureNew” Literature

BRAINSTORM on Sinclair Lewis BRAINSTORM on Sinclair Lewis

USE BOOK USE BOOK

BR 663-664BR 663-664

The DisenchantedThe Disenchanted– Artists & intellectualsArtists & intellectuals

Lost GenerationLost Generation– Disillusioned youth after Disillusioned youth after

WWIWWI

““debunkers”debunkers”

H.L. Mencken – journalistH.L. Mencken – journalist

Sinclair Lewis Sinclair Lewis

USE BOOK USE BOOK

BA 749-751BA 749-751

Sinclair LewisSinclair LewisFebruary 7, 1885 — January 10, 1951February 7, 1885 — January 10, 1951

American novelist, short-story writer, and American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. playwright.

In 1930 he became the first American to be In 1930 he became the first American to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literatureawarded the Nobel Prize in Literature

His works are known for their insightful and His works are known for their insightful and

critical viewscritical views of American society of American society

and capitalist values, as well as their strong and capitalist values, as well as their strong characterizations of modern working women. characterizations of modern working women.

His style is at times satiricalHis style is at times satirical

BabbittBabbitt

19221922

satirized the satirized the – American commercial cultureAmerican commercial culture– American values American values

main theme is the power of conformity and main theme is the power of conformity and the vacuity of American lifethe vacuity of American life

Source: Sinclair Lewis, Source: Sinclair Lewis, BabbittBabbitt, , 19221922

  Just as he was an Elk, a Booster, and a Just as he was an Elk, a Booster, and a member of the Chamber of Commerce, member of the Chamber of Commerce, just as the priests of the Presbyterian just as the priests of the Presbyterian Church determined his every religious Church determined his every religious belief and the senators who controlled belief and the senators who controlled the Republican Party decided in little the Republican Party decided in little smoky rooms in Washington what he smoky rooms in Washington what he should think about disarmament, tariff, should think about disarmament, tariff, and Germany, so did the large national and Germany, so did the large national advertisers fix the surface of his life, fix advertisers fix the surface of his life, fix what he believed to be his individuality. what he believed to be his individuality. These standard advertised wares—These standard advertised wares—toothpastes, socks, tires, cameras, toothpastes, socks, tires, cameras, instantaneous hot-water heaters—were instantaneous hot-water heaters—were his symbols and proofs of excellence; at his symbols and proofs of excellence; at first the signs, then the substitutes, for first the signs, then the substitutes, for joy and passion and wisdom. joy and passion and wisdom.

DISCUSSWRITE DOWNThoughts About this Document in relation to the DBQ questionDOC. 1

AnalysisAnalysisExcerpt from “Babbitt” by Sinclair Lewis. Excerpt from “Babbitt” by Sinclair Lewis. Description of the typical American Description of the typical American middle class man. middle class man. Point is that the man has no ideas of his Point is that the man has no ideas of his own and is mainly concerned with own and is mainly concerned with material goods.material goods.This document is CRITICAL of the new This document is CRITICAL of the new attitude toward life and America’s attitude toward life and America’s acceptance of this new lifestyle full of acceptance of this new lifestyle full of material goods for entertainment material goods for entertainment purposes.purposes.

““New” ArtNew” Art

Source: “The Bridge” Source: “The Bridge” by Joseph Stella, by Joseph Stella,

1922; Collection of the 1922; Collection of the Newark MuseumNewark Museum

DISCUSSWRITE DOWNThoughts About this Document in relation to the DBQ question

Joseph StellaJoseph Stella (1877 - 1946) (1877 - 1946) – Italian-born American Futurist painter Italian-born American Futurist painter – best-known for his depictions of industrial America. best-known for his depictions of industrial America. – first paintings are Rembrandtesque depictions of city slum life. first paintings are Rembrandtesque depictions of city slum life. – 1908 - commissioned for a series on industrial Pittsburgh, later published 1908 - commissioned for a series on industrial Pittsburgh, later published

in The Pittsburgh Survey.in The Pittsburgh Survey.– 1909 - first contact with modernism, molds his distinctive personal style1909 - first contact with modernism, molds his distinctive personal style

most famous for most famous for New York InterpretedNew York Interpreted, a five-, a five-paneled work patterned after a religious altarpiece, but paneled work patterned after a religious altarpiece, but depicting bridges and skyscrapers instead of saints. depicting bridges and skyscrapers instead of saints. This piece reflects the belief, common at the time, that This piece reflects the belief, common at the time, that industry was displacing religion as the center of industry was displacing religion as the center of modern life modern life

His most famous quote is: "I have seen His most famous quote is: "I have seen the future and it is good. We will wipe the future and it is good. We will wipe away the religions of old and start anew."away the religions of old and start anew."

DISCUSS -WRITE DOWN Thoughts About this Document in relation to the DBQ question

The Brooklyn Bridge exemplifies the The Brooklyn Bridge exemplifies the achievements of the architects of the achievements of the architects of the 1920’s. 1920’s. Glorifies modernityGlorifies modernityThe bridge is just one of the many The bridge is just one of the many different innovations being made different innovations being made during the 1920’s in respects to during the 1920’s in respects to architecture.architecture.

The “New” NegroThe “New” Negro

The Harlem RenaissanceThe Harlem Renaissance

BRAINSTORM on the “New Negro”BRAINSTORM on the “New Negro”

USE BOOK USE BOOK

BR 664BR 664

USE BOOK USE BOOK

BA 746-7748BA 746-7748

Source: Langston Hughes, “The Negro Artist and the Racial Source: Langston Hughes, “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain,” Mountain,” The NationThe Nation, 1926, 1926

Jazz to me is one of the inherent expressions of Negro life in America; Jazz to me is one of the inherent expressions of Negro life in America; the eternal tom-tom beating in the Negro soul--the tom-tom of revolt the eternal tom-tom beating in the Negro soul--the tom-tom of revolt against weariness in a white world, a world of subway trains, and work, against weariness in a white world, a world of subway trains, and work, work, work; the work, work; the tom-tomtom-tom of joy and laughter, and pain swallowed in a of joy and laughter, and pain swallowed in a smile. Yet the Philadelphia clubwoman is ashamed to say that her race smile. Yet the Philadelphia clubwoman is ashamed to say that her race created it and she does not like me to write about it, The old created it and she does not like me to write about it, The old subconscious "white is best" runs through her mind. Years of study subconscious "white is best" runs through her mind. Years of study under white teachers, a lifetime of white books, pictures, and papers, under white teachers, a lifetime of white books, pictures, and papers, and white manners, morals, and Puritan standards made her dislike the and white manners, morals, and Puritan standards made her dislike the spirituals. And now she turns up her nose at jazz and all its spirituals. And now she turns up her nose at jazz and all its manifestations--likewise almost everything else distinctly racial. She manifestations--likewise almost everything else distinctly racial. She doesn't care for the Winold Reiss' portraits of Negroes because they doesn't care for the Winold Reiss' portraits of Negroes because they are "too Negro." She does not want a true picture of herself from are "too Negro." She does not want a true picture of herself from anybody. She wants the artist to flatter her, to make the white world anybody. She wants the artist to flatter her, to make the white world believe that all negroes are as smug and as near white in soul as she believe that all negroes are as smug and as near white in soul as she wants to be. But, to my mind, it is the duty of the younger Negro artist, wants to be. But, to my mind, it is the duty of the younger Negro artist, if he accepts any duties at all from outsiders, to change through the if he accepts any duties at all from outsiders, to change through the force of his art that old whispering "I want to be white," hidden in the force of his art that old whispering "I want to be white," hidden in the aspirations of his people, to "Why should I want to be white? aspirations of his people, to "Why should I want to be white? I am a I am a Negro--and beautiful.”Negro--and beautiful.”

DISCUSS -WRITE DOWN Thoughts About this Document in relation to the DBQ question------ Doc 3

Document E AnalysisDocument E Analysis

Expresses the division in the black Americans Expresses the division in the black Americans during the 1920’s.during the 1920’s.

Some blacks attempted to become “white”, while Some blacks attempted to become “white”, while the other half tried to define themselves through the other half tried to define themselves through jazz, art, and literature, also known as, The jazz, art, and literature, also known as, The Harlem Renaissance.Harlem Renaissance.

Describes the “New” Negro as challenging ideas Describes the “New” Negro as challenging ideas of an assimilated negro of an assimilated negro – Black is beautiful Black is beautiful

The “New” WomanThe “New” Woman

BRAINSTORM on the “New Woman”BRAINSTORM on the “New Woman”

USE BOOK USE BOOK

BR 660-662BR 660-662

USE BOOK USE BOOK

BA 745-746BA 745-746

Marriage and Divorce, 1890-1930Marriage and Divorce, 1890-1930

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1980 1900 1910 1920 1930

Marriages

Divorces

DISCUSS -WRITE DOWN Thoughts About this Document in relation to the DBQ question------ Doc 4

Shows an increase in divorces and a Shows an increase in divorces and a decrease in marriages.decrease in marriages.

These statistics exemplify the fact that These statistics exemplify the fact that women are becoming more independent women are becoming more independent and are beginning to make their own and are beginning to make their own choices.choices.

Source: “Women’s Smokers,” Source: “Women’s Smokers,” The New York TimesThe New York Times, , February 29, 1928February 29, 1928

Be it resolved, that the National W.C.T.U. [Women’s Christian Temperance Be it resolved, that the National W.C.T.U. [Women’s Christian Temperance Union] encourages further scientific research into the effects of nicotine and Union] encourages further scientific research into the effects of nicotine and urges all public and private school teachers and Sunday school workers, urges all public and private school teachers and Sunday school workers, both by precept and example, to assist in an educational campaign to make both by precept and example, to assist in an educational campaign to make these effects known with a view to instructing the youth as to the well-proven these effects known with a view to instructing the youth as to the well-proven facts of science; andfacts of science; andBe it further resolved, that the National W.C.T.U. brands as untrue the Be it further resolved, that the National W.C.T.U. brands as untrue the charge made by the Association Opposed to National Prohibition that we are charge made by the Association Opposed to National Prohibition that we are engaged in a secret campaign for an amendment to the Constitution engaged in a secret campaign for an amendment to the Constitution prohibiting tobacco…prohibiting tobacco…

[Mrs. Ella A. Boole, President of the New York State organization says:][Mrs. Ella A. Boole, President of the New York State organization says:]

““We are working in this question from a scientific standpoint and from an We are working in this question from a scientific standpoint and from an educational standpoint. After all, the duty of motherhood is still relegated to educational standpoint. After all, the duty of motherhood is still relegated to the women of the nation. Just as long as that is true we must protect the the women of the nation. Just as long as that is true we must protect the coming generation by teaching the present the effects of the habit of coming generation by teaching the present the effects of the habit of smoking on the unborn…smoking on the unborn…

DISCUSS -WRITE DOWN Thoughts About this Document in relation to the DBQ question----- Doc 5

““New” modern ReligionNew” modern Religion

Aimee McPhersonAimee McPherson

Aimee Semple McPhersonAimee Semple McPherson October October 9, 1890 – September 27, 19449, 1890 – September 27, 1944

aka "Sister Aimee" or "Sister," aka "Sister Aimee" or "Sister,"

Canadian-born evangelist and media Canadian-born evangelist and media sensation in the 1920s and 1930ssensation in the 1920s and 1930s

founder of the Foursquare Church founder of the Foursquare Church

International Church of the Foursquare GospelInternational Church of the Foursquare Gospel

McPherson spent several years, from 1918 to 1922 as McPherson spent several years, from 1918 to 1922 as an itinerant Pentecostal preacher. an itinerant Pentecostal preacher. eventually settled in Los Angeles eventually settled in Los Angeles – base of operation base of operation – 1923 - construction of a large, domed church building in the 1923 - construction of a large, domed church building in the

Echo Park area of Los Angeles Echo Park area of Los Angeles named Angelus Templenamed Angelus Templeseating capacity of 5,300 people seating capacity of 5,300 people

filled to capacity three times each day, seven days a filled to capacity three times each day, seven days a week week In the beginning, McPherson preached every service. In the beginning, McPherson preached every service. The church eventually evolved into its own The church eventually evolved into its own denomination, called the International Church of the denomination, called the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel. Foursquare Gospel. The church became noted for its community services, The church became noted for its community services, particularly during the Great Depression.particularly during the Great Depression.

McPherson was famous both inside and outside of McPherson was famous both inside and outside of religious circles.religious circles.She made sure that Angelus Temple was represented in She made sure that Angelus Temple was represented in local parades and entered floats into the famous Rose local parades and entered floats into the famous Rose Parade in Pasadena. Parade in Pasadena. Her illustrated sermons attracted people from the Her illustrated sermons attracted people from the entertainment industry, looking to see a "show" that rivaled entertainment industry, looking to see a "show" that rivaled what Hollywood had to offer. what Hollywood had to offer. – These famous stage productions drew people who would never These famous stage productions drew people who would never

have thought to enter a church, and then presented them with her have thought to enter a church, and then presented them with her interpretation of the message of salvation. interpretation of the message of salvation.

– McPherson believed that the Gospel was to be presented at every McPherson believed that the Gospel was to be presented at every opportunity, and used worldly means at her disposal to present it opportunity, and used worldly means at her disposal to present it to as many people as possible. to as many people as possible.

– Her sermons, unlike other contemporaries, e.g. Billy Sunday, were Her sermons, unlike other contemporaries, e.g. Billy Sunday, were not the usual fire-and-brimstone messages, but were based not the usual fire-and-brimstone messages, but were based around a more friendly interpretation of the modern Christian texts. around a more friendly interpretation of the modern Christian texts.

She was also very skillful at fundraising. She was also very skillful at fundraising. – Collections were taken at every meeting, usually with the Collections were taken at every meeting, usually with the

admonishment of "no coins, please". admonishment of "no coins, please". – When the $1.5 million Angelus Temple opened its doors, When the $1.5 million Angelus Temple opened its doors,

construction was already entirely paid for through private construction was already entirely paid for through private donations. donations.

McPherson is also credited with McPherson is also credited with integratingintegrating her tent her tent meetings and church services. meetings and church services. – She broke down racial barriers such that one time at Angelus She broke down racial barriers such that one time at Angelus

Temple, some Ku Klux Klan members were in attendance, but Temple, some Ku Klux Klan members were in attendance, but after the service, many of their hoods and robes were found after the service, many of their hoods and robes were found thrown on the ground in nearby Echo Park. thrown on the ground in nearby Echo Park.

– She is also credited with helping many of the Hispanic ministries She is also credited with helping many of the Hispanic ministries in Los Angeles get started, and even had a large Gypsy in Los Angeles get started, and even had a large Gypsy following, after the wife of a Gypsy chief and the chief himself following, after the wife of a Gypsy chief and the chief himself had been healed in a Denver revival meeting.had been healed in a Denver revival meeting.

She also began broadcasting on radio in its infancy in She also began broadcasting on radio in its infancy in the early '20s. the early '20s. – McPherson was the first woman in history to preach a radio McPherson was the first woman in history to preach a radio

sermon,sermon,with the opening of Foursquare Gospel-owned KFSG (now KXOL) with the opening of Foursquare Gospel-owned KFSG (now KXOL) on February 6, 1924, on February 6, 1924,

– she also became the first woman to be granted a broadcast she also became the first woman to be granted a broadcast license by the Federal Radio Commission (which became the license by the Federal Radio Commission (which became the Federal Communications Commission in 1934). Federal Communications Commission in 1934).

In 1925, the license for KFSG was suspended by the Commerce In 1925, the license for KFSG was suspended by the Commerce Department for deviating from its assigned frequency. Department for deviating from its assigned frequency.

Since Pentecostalism was not popular in the U.S. during Since Pentecostalism was not popular in the U.S. during the 1920s she avoided the label, but she was heavily the 1920s she avoided the label, but she was heavily influenced by this faithinfluenced by this faith– incorporating demonstrations of speaking-in-tongues and incorporating demonstrations of speaking-in-tongues and – faith healing into her sermons, faith healing into her sermons,

and keeping a museum of crutches, wheelchairs and other and keeping a museum of crutches, wheelchairs and other paraphernalia. paraphernalia.

She was also strongly influenced by the Salvation Army: She was also strongly influenced by the Salvation Army: in a campaign to spread the church nationwide, in a campaign to spread the church nationwide, – she adopted a theme of "lighthouses" for the satellite churchesshe adopted a theme of "lighthouses" for the satellite churches– referring to the parent church as the "Salvation Navy.“referring to the parent church as the "Salvation Navy.“

Always seeking publicity, McPherson continued Always seeking publicity, McPherson continued publishing the weekly publishing the weekly Foursquare CrusaderFoursquare Crusader and a and a monthly magazine dubbed monthly magazine dubbed Bible CallBible Call. .

FOR MORE INFO - FOR MORE INFO -

– http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPhersonen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPherson

Source: Morrow Mayo, “Aimee Rises from the Sea,” Source: Morrow Mayo, “Aimee Rises from the Sea,” The New RepublicThe New Republic, December 25, 1929, December 25, 1929

……Sister substituted the Gospel of Love for the Gospel of Fear. This Sister substituted the Gospel of Love for the Gospel of Fear. This doctrine was as strange in Southern California as it is elsewhere in doctrine was as strange in Southern California as it is elsewhere in Christendom…Christendom…Sister substituted the cheerfulness of the playroom for the gloom of the Sister substituted the cheerfulness of the playroom for the gloom of the morgue. She threw out the dirges and threats of Hell, replacing them with morgue. She threw out the dirges and threats of Hell, replacing them with jazz hymns and promises of Glory. The gospel she created was and is an jazz hymns and promises of Glory. The gospel she created was and is an ideal bedtime story. It has a pretty color, a sweet taste, and is easy.ideal bedtime story. It has a pretty color, a sweet taste, and is easy.

Mrs. McPherson describes the Holy City literally- the jeweled walls, pearly Mrs. McPherson describes the Holy City literally- the jeweled walls, pearly gates, golden streets, milk and honey. She says she is not sure-she is not gates, golden streets, milk and honey. She says she is not sure-she is not sure, mind you- but she has a pretty good idea that Heaven will resemble a sure, mind you- but she has a pretty good idea that Heaven will resemble a cross between Pasadena, California, and Washington, D.C. That will give cross between Pasadena, California, and Washington, D.C. That will give an idea of what may be expected at Angelus Temple. The atmosphere an idea of what may be expected at Angelus Temple. The atmosphere bubbles over with love, joy, enthusiasm; the Temple is full of flowers, music, bubbles over with love, joy, enthusiasm; the Temple is full of flowers, music, golden trumpets, red robes, angels, incense, nonsense and sex appeal. golden trumpets, red robes, angels, incense, nonsense and sex appeal. The service may be described as a supernatural whoopee.The service may be described as a supernatural whoopee.

DISCUSS -WRITE DOWN Thoughts About this Document in relation to the DBQ question----- Doc 6

Charles Lindbergh Charles Lindbergh

Source: Mary B. Mullett, “The Biggest Thing That Lindbergh Has Source: Mary B. Mullett, “The Biggest Thing That Lindbergh Has Done,” Done,” The American MagazineThe American Magazine, October, 1927, October, 1927

When, because of what we believe him to be, we gave When, because of what we believe him to be, we gave Lindbergh the greatest ovation in history, we convicted Lindbergh the greatest ovation in history, we convicted ourselves of having told a lie about ourselves. For we ourselves of having told a lie about ourselves. For we proved that the “things of good report” are the same proved that the “things of good report” are the same today as they were nineteen hundred years ago.today as they were nineteen hundred years ago.We shouted ourselves hoarse. Not because a man had We shouted ourselves hoarse. Not because a man had flown across the Atlantic! Not even because he was an flown across the Atlantic! Not even because he was an American! But because he was as clean in character as American! But because he was as clean in character as he was strong and fine in body; because he put “ethics” he was strong and fine in body; because he put “ethics” above any desire for wealth; because he was as modest above any desire for wealth; because he was as modest as he was courageous; and because- as we now know, as he was courageous; and because- as we now know, beyond any shadow of doubt- beyond any shadow of doubt- these are the things which these are the things which we honor mostwe honor most in life. in life.To have shown this truth about ourselves is the biggest To have shown this truth about ourselves is the biggest thing that Lindbergh has done.thing that Lindbergh has done.

DISCUSS -WRITE DOWN Thoughts About this Document in relation to the DBQ question----- Doc 7

Culture ClashCulture Clash

The Scopes TrialThe Scopes Trial

Modern (“new”) Ideas (science) Modern (“new”) Ideas (science) VersusVersus

Traditional Ideas (religion)Traditional Ideas (religion)

Theology vs. BiologyTheology vs. Biology

BRAINSTORM on the Scopes Trial BRAINSTORM on the Scopes Trial

USE BOOK USE BOOK

BR 667-669BR 667-669

USE BOOK USE BOOK

BA 737-738BA 737-738

ACLUACLU

American Civil Liberties Union American Civil Liberties Union

Founded in 1920 Founded in 1920 – By Jane Addams, Norman Thomas, Helen By Jane Addams, Norman Thomas, Helen

Keller Keller – Alarmed by social climate of the war & Alarmed by social climate of the war &

aftermath regarding freedom of speech and aftermath regarding freedom of speech and beliefbelief

Showcased the opposing viewpoints of modern Showcased the opposing viewpoints of modern science and traditional religion science and traditional religion

Challenged a Tennessee law making it illegal to Challenged a Tennessee law making it illegal to teach the theory of evolution in public schoolsteach the theory of evolution in public schools– John T. Scopes was accused of the “crime” of John T. Scopes was accused of the “crime” of

teaching that Darwinian evolution best explains the teaching that Darwinian evolution best explains the origins of humansorigins of humans

1925: Scopes Trial1925: Scopes Trial

Although John T. Scopes was convicted in the Although John T. Scopes was convicted in the 1925 Scopes trial, modernists won a major 1925 Scopes trial, modernists won a major victory victory – when Scopes’ ACLU attorney, when Scopes’ ACLU attorney, Clarence Darrow,Clarence Darrow,

tricked tricked William Jennings Bryan,William Jennings Bryan, assistant to the assistant to the prosecution, into admitting that not all religious dogma prosecution, into admitting that not all religious dogma was subject to a single interpretationwas subject to a single interpretation

After the Scopes “Monkey Trial,” fundamentalist After the Scopes “Monkey Trial,” fundamentalist religion remained a vibrant force in American religion remained a vibrant force in American spiritual lifespiritual life

Source: The World’s Most Famous Trial: Tennessee Evolution Case, 1925Source: The World’s Most Famous Trial: Tennessee Evolution Case, 1925

Mr. Darrow: Do you claim that everything in the Bible should be literally interpreted?Mr. Darrow: Do you claim that everything in the Bible should be literally interpreted?Mr. Bryan: I believe everything in the Bible should be accepted as it is given there; Mr. Bryan: I believe everything in the Bible should be accepted as it is given there; some of the Bible is given illustratively. For instance: “Ye are the salt of the earth.” I some of the Bible is given illustratively. For instance: “Ye are the salt of the earth.” I would not insist that man was actually salt, or that he had flesh of salt, but it is used would not insist that man was actually salt, or that he had flesh of salt, but it is used in the sense of salt as saving God’s people.in the sense of salt as saving God’s people.

Mr. Darrow: But when you read that Jonah swallowed the whale- or that the whale Mr. Darrow: But when you read that Jonah swallowed the whale- or that the whale swallowed Jonah-excuse me please- how do you literally interpret that?...swallowed Jonah-excuse me please- how do you literally interpret that?...Mr. Bryan: One miracle is just as easy to believe as another…Mr. Bryan: One miracle is just as easy to believe as another…Mr. Darrow: Perfectly easy to believe that Jonah swallowed the whale?...Mr. Darrow: Perfectly easy to believe that Jonah swallowed the whale?...

Mr. Bryan: Your honor. I think I can shorten this testimony. The only purpose Mr. Mr. Bryan: Your honor. I think I can shorten this testimony. The only purpose Mr. Darrow has is to slur at the Bible, but I will answer his question. I will answer it all at Darrow has is to slur at the Bible, but I will answer his question. I will answer it all at once, and I have no objection in the world, I want the world to know that this man, once, and I have no objection in the world, I want the world to know that this man, who does not believe in God, is trying to use a court in Tennessee-who does not believe in God, is trying to use a court in Tennessee-Mr. Darrow: I object to that.Mr. Darrow: I object to that.Mr. Bryan: (Continuing) to slur at it, while it will require time, I am willing to take it.Mr. Bryan: (Continuing) to slur at it, while it will require time, I am willing to take it.Mr. Darrow: I object to your statement. I am examining you on your fool ideas that no Mr. Darrow: I object to your statement. I am examining you on your fool ideas that no intelligent Christian on earth believes.intelligent Christian on earth believes.

DISCUSS -WRITE DOWN Thoughts About this Document in relation to the DBQ question---- Doc 8

The “New” KlanThe “New” Klan

Protector of “Old” Traditional Protector of “Old” Traditional Ideas/ValuesIdeas/Values

BRAINSTORM on the 20s KKKBRAINSTORM on the 20s KKK

USE BOOK USE BOOK

BR 664-667BR 664-667

USE BOOK USE BOOK

BA 730BA 730

Source: Hiram Wesley, “The Klan’s Fight for Americanism,” Source: Hiram Wesley, “The Klan’s Fight for Americanism,” The North American ReviewThe North American Review, March 1926, March 1926

We are a movement of the plain people, very weak in the matter of culture, We are a movement of the plain people, very weak in the matter of culture, intellectual support, and trained leadership. We are demanding, and we expect intellectual support, and trained leadership. We are demanding, and we expect to win, a return of power into the hands of the everyday, not highly cultured, to win, a return of power into the hands of the everyday, not highly cultured, not overly intellectualized, but entirely unspoiled and not de-Americanized, not overly intellectualized, but entirely unspoiled and not de-Americanized, average citizen of the old stock. Our members and leaders are all of this class- average citizen of the old stock. Our members and leaders are all of this class- opposition of the intellectuals and liberals who held the leadership, betrayed opposition of the intellectuals and liberals who held the leadership, betrayed Americanism, and from whom we expect to wrest control, is almost automatic.Americanism, and from whom we expect to wrest control, is almost automatic.

This is undoubtedly a weakness. It lays us open to the charge of being “hicks” This is undoubtedly a weakness. It lays us open to the charge of being “hicks” and “rubes” and “drivers of second hand Fords.” We admit it. Far worse, it and “rubes” and “drivers of second hand Fords.” We admit it. Far worse, it makes it hard for us to state our case and advocate our crusade in the most makes it hard for us to state our case and advocate our crusade in the most effective way, for most of us lack skill in language.effective way, for most of us lack skill in language.

. . The Klan, therefore, has now come to speak for the great mass of Americans . . The Klan, therefore, has now come to speak for the great mass of Americans of the old pioneer stock. We believe that it does fairly and faithfully represent of the old pioneer stock. We believe that it does fairly and faithfully represent them, and our proof lies in their support. To understand the Klan, then, it is them, and our proof lies in their support. To understand the Klan, then, it is necessary to understand the character and present mind of the mass of old-necessary to understand the character and present mind of the mass of old-stock Americans. The mass, it must be remembered, as distinguished from the stock Americans. The mass, it must be remembered, as distinguished from the intellectually mongrelized "Liberals." intellectually mongrelized "Liberals."

These are, in the first place, a blend of various peoples of the so-called Nordic These are, in the first place, a blend of various peoples of the so-called Nordic race, the race which, with all its faults, has given the world almost the whole of race, the race which, with all its faults, has given the world almost the whole of modern civilization. The Klan does not try to represent any people but these. . . modern civilization. The Klan does not try to represent any people but these. . . .. DISCUSS -WRITE DOWN Thoughts About this Document in relation to the DBQ

question---- Doc 9

GROUP THE DOCUMENTSGROUP THE DOCUMENTS

WHICH WOULD YOU PUT TOGETHER WHICH WOULD YOU PUT TOGETHER TO MAKE WHAT POINTS TO MAKE WHAT POINTS