Culture III – Religious Conflict

Why Do Territorial Conflicts Arise Among Religious Groups?

• Religion vs. gov’t policies– Religion vs. social change– Religion vs. communism– Religion vs. Nazism

• Religion vs. religion– Religious wars in Ireland– Religious wars in the Middle East

Religions vs. Social Change

• People in LDCs link religion w/globalization of western goods– Challenges local diversity – religion

• Taliban vs. Western Allies• Hinduism vs. social equality

Religion vs. Communism• Eastern Orthodox Christianity vs. Communism• Islam vs. Communism – central Asia• Buddhism vs. SE Asian Countries

Religion vs. Nazism

• Holocaust

Religious Wars in Ireland

• 1949 – independence• 1968 – demonstrations

began• IRA – Irish Republican

Army• UDF – Ulster Defense

Force

Religious Wars in the Middle East

• Crusades btwn Christians and Muslims– 2400 YA – Judaism controls Promised Land– 2100 YA – Jewish Diaspora– 2000 YA – Christianity takes hold in Palestine– 1400 YA – Arab Muslims conquer Palestine– 1099 – 1st Crusade– 1187 – Christians lost Palestine– 1229 – 6th Crusade – Christians regained Palestine– 1244 – Christians lost Palestine (and never get it back)

Religious Wars in the Middle East• Jews vs. Muslims in Palestine

– 1516-1917 – Muslim Ottoman Empire controlled Palestine– Great Britain gained controlled after WWI– 1948 – GB w/drew – 1948 – Jews declared Israel independent state

• Next day neighboring Arab nations declared war– 1949 – Armistice signed

• Muslims (Jordan) get Old City of Jerusalem– 1956 – War – Israel victory– 1967 – Six Day War

• Israel captured West Bank, entire city of Jerusalem, Golan Heights, Gaza Strip, and Sinai Peninsula

• Israel returned Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in exchange for recognizing Israel as a sovereign state

– 1973 – War – Israel victory– 1979 – Camp David Peace Accords

• Egypt – Anwar Sadat – eventually assassinated by Muslim extremists• Israel – Menachem Begin• USA – Jimmy Carty

Partition of the Promised Land