cum organism descriptions and clinical information
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8/2/2019 Cum Organism Descriptions and Clinical Information
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Trichinella spiralis
1) Major disease pathology: tissue nematode; encystment of larvae inskeletal muscle
2) Specimen in which organism is found: intestine
blood/lymph
muscle
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: encystedlarvae is diagnostic; eosinophilia with elevated IgE and elevated muscleenzymes in blood
4) Infective stage: encysted larvae
5) Vector: undercooked meat
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: Trichinosis
Dracunculus medinensis
1) Major disease pathology: tissue nematode; ulcer
2) Specimen in which organism is found: subcutaneous tissue to extremity
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: worm is 3feet long and pokes through a blister on the extremity to release larvaewhen exposed to water
4) Infective stage: ingesting infected copepod; larvae
5) Vector: standing water that humans wade, bath, and consume in; copepod
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: Guinea Worm
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Wuchereria bancrofti
1) Major disease pathology: filariasis; elephantiasis in Africa and LatinAmerica
2) Specimen in which organism is found: lymphatics and blood; genitals
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: sheathed,245-300 microns, nuclei do not extend to tip of slightly pointed tail;elevated serum IgE, eosinophilia
4) Infective stage: larva
5) Vector: mosquitos
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: Bancroftian elephantiasis
Brugia malayi
1) Major disease pathology: filariasis; elephantiasis in Asia
2) Specimen in which organism is found: lower legs
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: sheathed,200-275 microns, body nuclei extend to tip of tail, two terminal nucleimay be seen separated from the other tail nuclei at the tip
4) Infective stage: larva
5) Vector: mosquito
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: Brugian filariasis
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Loa loa
1) Major disease pathology: calabar swellings
2) Specimen in which organism is found: subcutaneous and deep connective
tissues; diurnal periodicity in blood
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: diagnosedwhen worm is observed migrating through conjunction of the eye;microfilariae are diagnostic: eosinophilia; sheathed, 250-300 microns,body nuclei are continuous to tip of tail
4) Infective stage: microfilariae
5) Vector: Mango fly
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: African Eye Worm; loiasis
Onchocerca volvulus
1) Major disease pathology: deposition of fibrous tissue and opacity on thecornea causing blindness
2) Specimen in which organism is found: skin, eyes, lymph nodes;onchocercomas
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics:eosinophilia, elevated IgE, microfilariae in skin snip of onchocercoma
4) Infective stage: larvae, microfilariae
5) Vector: blackfly
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: River Blindness
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Mansonella sp.
1) Major disease pathology: 3 species, 2 pathologies
2) Specimen in which organism is found: blood/body cavities & visceral fat
OR dermis just below skin
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics:microfilariae is diagnostic; unsheathed and have Shepard’s crook tail
4) Infective stage: microfilariae
5) Vector: tiny midge
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: Streptocerciasis
Fasciolopsis buski
1) Major disease pathology: intestine trematode infection
2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces, sputum, duodenal aspirate,urine, small intestine
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova isdiagnostic in feces; broadly ellipsoidal egg, 130-140 micron by 80-85micron, small operculum on pointed end, egg is unembryonated
4) Infective stage: encysted metacercariae
5) Vector: second intermediate host: vegetable or meat (pig/dog)
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: giant intestinal fluke
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Heterophyes heterphyes/Metagonimus yokogawi
1) Major disease pathology: intestine trematode infection
2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces, sputum, duodenal aspirate,
urine
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova isdiagnostic; tiny: 15 by 30 micron, shoulders at base of operculum, smallboss may or may not be present opposite the operculum, embryonatedegg has developed miracidium
4) Infective stage: metacercariae
5) Vector: second intermediate host: vegetable or meat (fish/sushi)
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: heterophyids: heterphyiasis/metagonimiasis
Fasciola hepatica
1) Major disease pathology: liver trematode infection
2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces, sputum, duodenal aspirate,or urine
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova isdiagnostic; identical to F. buski
4) Infective stage: metacercariae
5) Vector: second intermediate host: undercooked vegetation
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: fascioliasis or sheep liver fluke
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Clonorchis sinensis
1) Major disease pathology: liver trematode infection
2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces, sputum, duodenal aspirate,or urine
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova isdiagnostic; ova are delicate and flash-shaped with prominent shoulders,15 by 30 microns, thick brownish shell, comma-shaped boss may bepresent opposite operculum, contains fully developed miracidium
4) Infective stage: metacercariae
5) Vector: undercooked fish
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: Chinese liver fluke
Paragonimus westermani
1) Major disease pathology: lung trematode infection
2) Specimen in which organism is found: sputum or feces
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova arediagnostic; ova egg measures 55 by 100 microns, egg is unembryonatedwhen passed, slender opercular shoulders on wide end of egg, thickenedshell opposite operculum
4) Infective stage: metacercariae
5) Vector: undercooked crayfish or crab
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: oriental lung fluke
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Schistosoma mansoni
1) Major disease pathology: blood vessel trematode infection
2) Specimen in which organism is found: stool
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova arediagnostic; no operculum on egg, eggs possess characteristic spines;well-developed miacidia in ova; lateral spine, 115-180 micron by 40-80micron
4) Infective stage: free-living cercariae
5) Vector: direct penetration of skin
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: swimmers itch
Schistosoma haematobium
1) Major disease pathology: blood vessel trematode infection
2) Specimen in which organism is found: urine
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova arediagnostic; no operculum on egg, eggs possess characteristic spines;well-developed miracida in ova; terminal spine, 110-170 micron by 40-70micron
4) Infective stage: free-living cercariae
5) Vector: direct penetration of skin
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: swimmers itch
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Schistosoma japonicum
1) Major disease pathology: blood vessel trematode infection
2) Specimen in which organism is found: stool
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova arediagnostic; no operculum on egg, eggs possess characteristic spines;well-developed miracidia in ova; obscure lateral spine, 50-80 micron by40-60 micron
4) Infective stage: free-living cercariae
5) Vector: direct penetration of skin
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: swimmers itch
Diphyllobothrium latum
1) Major disease pathology: megaloblastic anemia
2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova isdiagnostic; operculated egg measured 56-75 microns by 40-52 micron, boss on end opposite the operculum, no opercular shoulders,undeveloped embryo when shed, operculum often inconspicuous
4) Infective stage: plerocercoid larvae
5) Vector: freshwater fish
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: broad fish tapeworm/cestode
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Taenia saginata
1) Major disease pathology: intestinal dysentery
2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova arediagnostic; 30 to 40 micron diameter, radially striated shell, onchospherewith 6 hooklets in 3 pairs (hexacanth embryo)
4) Infective stage: cysticercus larvae
5) Vector: cow
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: beef tapeworm/cestode
Taenia solium
1) Major disease pathology: intestinal dysentery
2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: ova arediagnostic; 30 to 40 micron diameter, radially striated shell, onchospherewith 6 hooklets in 3 pairs (hexacanth embryo)
4) Infective stage: cysticercus larvae
5) Vector: pig
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: cysticercosis; pork tapeworm/cestode
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Dipylidium caninum
1) Major disease pathology: intestinal dysentery
2) Specimen in which organism is found: feces
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: eggpackets or proglottids in stool are diagnostic; motile when freshly passed(resemble maggots), resemble long white rice grains when dried, 15mmby 3mm, 2 genital pores
4) Infective stage: egg
5) Vector: dog or cat flea
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: dog and cat tapeworm
Echinococcus granulosus
1) Major disease pathology: rupture causes anaphylactic shock
2) Specimen in which organism is found: various tissues of body
3) Diagnostic form of organism & its distinguishing characteristics: cyst isdiagnostic; laminated outer layer (very hard), inner germinal centercontaining daughter cysts and brood capsules, fluid with hydatid sand(loose germinal tissue with inverted scolices)
4) Infective stage: cyst
5) Vector: uncooked herbivore meat (sheep)
6) Pathogenic/nonpathogenic/commensal: pathogenic
7) Common Disease Name: hydatid tapeworm/ minute tapeworm of dog;hydatid cyst disease