current status, experience and planning of radioactive waste disposal in korea september 10, 2013...
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Current Status, Experience and Planning of Radioactive Waste
Disposal in KOREA
September 10, 2013
IAEA TM on the Disposal of Intermediate Level Waste, Vienna, 9 ~ 13 Sept. 2013
Haiyong JUNG, Ph.D ([email protected])
Radioactive Waste Safety Evaluation Dept.
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Contents
Introduction of KINS
Current Status of RWM in Korea
Korean LILW Repository
Future plan
Summary
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Introduction of KINS
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Introduction of KINS
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Organization of KINS
President ExpertStaff
SupportStaff Total
1 369 48 418
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Current Status of RWM
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Korea Instituteof Nuclear Safety
(KINS)
Korea Institute of Nu-clear Nonproliferation And Control (KINAC)
PRESIDENT
Prime Minister
Ministry of Trade, In-dustry & Energy
(MOTIE)
Korea Hydro and Nuclear
Power Co., Ltd. (KHNP)
Korea Radioactive Waste Agency
(KORAD)
Expert Organizationfor Nuclear Safety
Radioactive WasteManagement Organi-zation
NPP OperatorExpert Organizationfor Physical Protec-tion, Safeguards, etc.
Implementer Regulator
Other Min-istry
NSSC (Nuclear Safety & Security
Commission)
Related Major Ministry & Organiza-tions
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Major Nuclear Facilities
Nuclear Power Plant (NPP)23 in Operation and 5 under Construction and 4 un-der contemplation
Research Rector (RR) / Education Reactor (ER)HANARO (RR)
KRR 1 and 2 (RR, under decommissioning)
AGN (ER)
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facility (FC)Fuel Fabrication Plant for NPP
Fuel Fabrication Facility for RR
Post-Irradiation Examination Facility
Radioactive Waste Management Facilities (RW)RI Waste Management Facility
LILW Disposal Facility (under construction)
RR RR
RR
FC FC
ER
RW
RW
Seoul
Daejeon
Younggwang
Ulchin
Wolsong
Kori
NPP
in operation
under construction
(As of May 2013)
FC
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Nuclear PowerReactors(KHNP)
(Hospitals, Industries, etc.)
RI Users
CommercialFuel FabricationPlant(KEPCO-NF)
Research Complex(KAERI)
KRR1 and 2
Temporary Storage (9)
Temporary Storage (1)
UCF
under decommissioning
End PointLILW disposal site (KORAD)
under construction
(HANARO, PIEF, Fuel Fabrication Facility)
Temporary Storage (2)
Temporary Storage (2)
RI Waste ManagementFacility (KRMC)
Temporary Storage
Framework of RW Management
released from regulation
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Total 132,257 200L-Drum Equivalents 90,583 drums from NPPs (68.5%) 41,674 drums from Other Facilities (31.5%)
Ulchin(12.5%)
Wolsong(7.8%)
Younggwang(16.7%)
Seoul(0.6%)
Daejeon(23.0%)
Kori(31.5%)
KAERI 20,614
KEPCO-NF 6,686
KRMC 3,096
Sum 30,396
KRR 1,2 852
Storage 1, 2 22,077
Storage 1, 2 16,521
Storage1, 2, 3, 4
41,606
Storage 1 10,379
Taegwang 7,131
Daegu Tech 52
Sum 7,183
Others (5.4%)
Inventory of Radioactive Waste(As of March. 2013)
Recept./storage Building
3,243WLDC(2.5%)
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Legislation for Radioactive Waste Safety
Nuclear Safety Act (NSA)
Enforcement Decree of the NSA
Enforcement Regulation of the NSA
Enforcement Regulations on Tech-nical Standards for Radiation
Safety Management, etc.
Law
Presidential Decree
Ministerial Ordinance
Ministerial Noticesof the NSSC
2012-562012-57
Site Characterization Report
2012-64 Safety Analysis Report
2012-59 Clearance of radioactive waste
2012-53 Generic Waste Accep-tance Criteria
2012-45 Environmental Radia-tion Survey, etc.
2012-32 Radiological Environ-mental Report
2012-50 Siting Criteria
2012-52 Structure and Equipment of LILW Repository
2012-60 Incineration of RW
2012-63 Operation and Control of LILW Repository
2012-62 Structure and Equipment of LILW Treatment Sys.
2012-54 Quality Assurance
2012-65 Disposal Inspection
2012-55 Radiological Protection Criteria
2012-49 Packaging and Transport of RM
2012-29 Standards on Radiation Protection
Regulatory Guidance
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NSSC Notice No. 2012-29
• HLW: Long-lived α-emitters (T1/2 > 20 years) : > 4,000Bq/g
and Heat Generation Rate : > 2 kW/m3
• LILW: Other radioactive waste except HLW
• Current system was established in Aug. 1998, which is based
on the IAEA Safety Series No 111-G-1.1 (1994)
• Research project on the feasibility of the revision of classifi-
cation system of RW based on the IAEA GSG-1 is in
progress
• Classification system will be revised next year through this
feasibility study
Current RW Classification System in Korea
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RW Classification System in Korea
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Korea LILW Repository
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Located in the south-east coast of
Korean peninsula
- Adjacent to Wolsong NPP
Area : about 2,000,000 sq. m
Overview of LILW Disposal Site
underground silo type/150~200
m below surface
Disposal capacity : total
800,000 waste packages (100,000 packages for the 1st stage)
Wolsong#1,2,3,4
Shin-Wolsong #1,#2
LILW disposal site (2.0 km2)
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• Wolsong LILW Disposal Site has been under construction since August 2008.• Operation of all facilities is planned to begin in July 2014
LILW Disposal Site
1616
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• Portal of the access tunnel
LILW Disposal Site
1717
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LILW Disposal Facility
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Overall Progress Rate : 95 % (As of June 2013)
LILW Disposal Facility Construction
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Surface Facilities in LILW site
2020
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LILW Disposal Facility Project Milestone
Designation as LILW Disposal Facility SiteJan. 2006
Detailed Site Investigation & Design Feb. 2006
Disposal Method (1st Stage : Underground Silo Type) Jul. 2006
Application for Construction & Operating LicenseJan. 2007
Issued Construction & Operating LicenseJul. 2008
Jun. 2014 Full Operation of the Facility
Operation of LILW Reception/Storage BuildingsDec. 2010
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Post-closure SA Criteria for LILW Dis-posalThe predicted annual radiological dose caused by natural evolution on
individuals of critical group shall not exceed 0.1 mSv.
Annual risk due to unexpected disruptive events caused by either natu-
ral or artificial factors shall be limited to below 10-6.
After the institutional control of disposal facilities, radiological impacts
due to human intrusion shall be limited below 1mSv/y.
Normal evolu-tion
• Performance Objective caused by natural evolution: ≤ 0.1 mSv/y
Disruptive events
• Risk induced by un-controlled natu-ral or man-made dispuptive events : ≤ 10-6/y
Human Intru-sion
• Radiation dose : ≤ 1.0 mSv/y
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Post-closure SA & Institutional Control
BiosphereGeosphereWasteDisposalContainer
Backfill Silo
② ③ ④ ⑤① ⑥
①②③④ ⑤
Near Field
• Not requested to exceed 1,000 y• If no peak by 1,000 y, need to
demonstrate non-drastic increase of the release rate and non-acute radio-logical risk to be demonstrated.
Timeframe Post-closure Institutional Control
• Proposed institutional control period:
100 y based on the results of SA• Effectiveness of the control period: to
be re-verified by safety reassessment,
renewal of safety analysis, institutional
control plan, and institutional control
termination plan, etc.
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Future plan
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Development of 2nd stage disposal facility2nd stage: near surface fa-cility
engineered barriers125 thousands packages
Milestone (in planning)In late 2014, apply for li-censeIn early 2017, start its op-eration
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In order to revise the current RW classification system in taking account to the current status & prediction of RW Management based on IAEA GSG-1, the research project by KINS has been launched in 2012.
The connection between the RW classification and the disposal type would be the key factors in this research.
It is likely that the revision of RW classification system in legal framework would be done based on this research.
Revision of RW classification system
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IAEA TM on disposal of ILW
Current Sys-tem
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HLW (SNF)Geological Disposal
(in the future)
ILW
LLW
VLLW
Near Sur-face
Disposal(Surface landfill /Engineered Bar-
rier)
Intermediate Depth
Disposal (??)
Geological Disposal
(in the future)HLW (SNF)
L&ILW ?
VS Future Sys-tem
IAEA TM on disposal of ILW
The SA of the LILW repository in Korea guaranteed the long-term safety in showing the compliance with the post-closure per-formance criteria.
Korean LILW repository is now under construction and expected to start its operation in July 2014.
KORAD, which is responsible for RWM in Korea, is planning to develop the 2nd stage of RW disposal facility in Wolsong site. It is expected to be a near surface disposal facility with engineered barriers.
New RW classification system is under research by KINS in tak-ing into account the linkage between the category and disposal type based on the long-term safety.
Summary
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Thank you for your attention .