curs_3 trunchi , cerebel,dienc
DESCRIPTION
anatomieTRANSCRIPT
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CURS 3: TRUNCHIUL CEREBRAL,
CEREBELUL SI DIENCEFALUL
Dr. Gabriela Turcu
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bulbul rahidian
Trunchiul cerebral puntea lui Varolio
mezencefal
Alcatuire
• Substanta cenusie – la interior sub forma de nuclei
• Substanta alba – printre nuclei si la exterior
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Trunchi cerebral si creier (piesa anatomica)
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I.Bulbul rahidian
• anterior – piramidele bulbare, superior – olivelebulbare si intre ele – decusatia piramidala(incrucisarea fasciculelor piramidale)
• lateral – cordoane laterale bulbare
• posterior – cordoane posterioare bulbare
legatura cu cerebelul – pedunculii cerebelosiinferiori
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mezencefal
punte
Olive bulbare
Piramide bulbare
Maduva spinarii
Sant anterior
Sant anterolateral
Decusatia piramidala
Sant posterolateral
diencefal
cerebel
bulbpunte
mezencefal
Vedere laterala
Vedere anterioara
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II. Puntea lui Varolio – continua formatiunile de la nivelul bulbului• legatura cu cerebelul – pedunculii cerebelosi
mijlocii
III. Mezencefalul anterior – pedunculii cerebrali posterior – coliculii cvadrigemeni (doi
superiori si doi inferiori)• legatura cu cerebelul – pedunculii cerebelosi
superiori
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punte
mezencefal
diencefal
bulb rahidian
Vedere laterala
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12 perechi; sunt senzitivi, motori sau micsti
I. N. olfactivi – senzitivi – miros
II. N. optici – senzitivi – vaz
III. N. oculomotori – motori – m.globilor oculari
IV. N. trohleari – motori – m. oblic superior glob ocular
V. N. trigemeni – micsti – teg.fetei si m.masticatori
VI. N. abducens – motori – m.drept extern glob ocular
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VII N. faciali – micsti – gustul si musculatura mimicii
VIII. N. vestibulo-cohelari – senzitivi – auz si echilibru
IX. N. glosofaringieni – micsti – sensibilitatea limbii, m.
faringelui si laringelui
X. N. vagi – micsti, vegetativi – sensibilitatea si activitatea
organelor interne
XI. N. accesori – motori – m. sternocleidomastoidian si
trapez
XII. N. hipoglosi – motori – m. limbii
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NERVII
CRANIENI
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NERVII CRANIENISenzitiv
Motor
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Nuclei - senzitivi si motori, somatici si vegetativi, ai nervilor cranieni
Bulb si punte – centri respiratori si cardiovasculari
Mezencefal substanta neagra (mecanismul somn - veghe)
nucleul rosu – tonusul muscular
coliculii cvadrigemeni – miscarea ochilor si
capului in directia sunetului
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Fibre ascendente – senzitive
piramidale (din centrii superiori)
Fibre
descendente
(motorii) extrapiramidale (din trunchiul
cerebral)
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Cai extrapiramidale
tectospinal – din coliculii cvadrigemeni
rubrospinal – din nucleul rosu
nigrospinal – din substanta neagra
olivospinal – din olivele bulbare
vestibulospinal – din nucleii vestibulari
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Doua emisfere cerebeloase, conectate prin vermis
Lobi cerebelosianterior – paleocerebelposterior – neocerebelinferior – arhicerebel
Structurasubstanta cenusie
→la suprafata = scoarta cerebeloasa→la interior = nuclei cerebelosi
substanta alba – intre scoarta si nuclei
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Cortex cerebral
Corpul calos
talamus
hipotalamus
Nerv optic
Punte
Bulb
Emisfera
cerebala stanga
Epifiza
Cerebel
Cerebel – vedere laterala
Cerebel – vedere mediala
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Arhicerebel – in echilibru, prin aparatulvestibular
Paleocerebel – reglarea tonusului muscular sia echilibrului, legat de sensibilitateaproprioceptiva
Neocerebel – modularea miscarilor fine comandate de scoarta
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CEREBEL
(A) Vedere posterioara (B) vedere anterioara
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Vedere exterioara
Vedere inferioara
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ORGANIZARE
Talamus
Metatalamus
Epitalamus
Hipotalamus
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Talamus – al III-lea neuron al sensibilitatii
exteroceptive, proprioceptive constiente, vestibulare sigustative
Metatalamus – patru corpi geniculati
doi laterali – al III-lea n. al caii vizuale
doi mediali – al III-lea n. al caii auditive
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Cortex cerebral
Lob parietal
Cerebel
Trunchi cerebral
Corpul mamilarHipofiza
Lob temporal
Hipotalamus
Talamus
Ventricul
lateral
Lob frontal
Corpul valos
Creierul mare
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Epitalamus - legat de glanda epifiza, reflexe
olfactivo-somatice
Hipotalamus – legat de glanda hipofiza
Reglarea sistemului nervos vegetativ
Termoreglare, aport de alimente si lichide, diureza, reglareafunctiilor sexuale, somn, unele stari emotionale (frica, furia)