volume
has
Greek verb
7
undoubtedly
Sanskrit.
have their three
formations
goes
through
all
persons
primevalgrowth,
the attributive
clearly
distinguished
participle
r
nomen
agentis,
e.g.
giving,
giver.
as
well
an
external
expansion
to
those
common
to
all
after
the
analogy
of
noun-stems.
No
noun-stems
show
anything
corresponding
o
are com-ounds.
a
little
sentence.
Up
to
views which
view
we
have
adopted
is
called
by
H.
Merguet,
objections,
seen
in
the
pronominal
the
mass
of
modern
linguistic
cience,
wiU,
I
venture
to
think,
find
no
difficulty
n
holding
their
own
against
the
diametricallypposite
view
we
should
have
to
suppose
two
words
to
be
here
combined,
of
existence
to
inflexion
c
2
in
nw,
ow,
34
eu ,
me
to
the
conclusion
importance
35
to
be
sure
of
oiu*
way
preserved
its
/./ot
and
tul
everywhere
without
exception,
nd
Tvi'arrtj^rjv,
of the 2nd
c)
in
before
the
8
can
belong
to
lo t its
(i.^
44
note),
he
dialect
to
lengthen
all
final
vowels.
Of
our
right
to
regard
a
Lat.
t
(ei)
as
the
representative
of
an
original
ka-Ti,
sense
of
the
term,
and
it
even
penetrated
o
Pindar's
language,
Lobeck,
that
in
Herodian's
time
there
statement
is
made
so
stages.
Noun
composition
is
altogether
compai-atively
ate
phenomenon,
bvit
the
pro-ominal
stems
on
pL,
inas-uch
as
his
prejudice
weight
attaches
to
a
second
objection,
hich
is
drawn
to
deal
with
imperatives,
nd
'
plur.
is,ace.
the
Boeotian.
Ahi-ens
indeed
(Aeol.
208)
founds
on
the
form
eyrl,
which
Aristophanes
constancy
v
On
this
svipposition
e
was
right
in
compai-ing
the
preter-tes
of the
periods
of
the
language
onwards
rarer
: eftay
case
it
can
be
explained
by
the
phonetic
ten-encies
of
Greek,
in
the
not
occur
very
often
anywhere,
and
only
one
)
mi,
middle terminations
use
followed
by
a
reflexive
pronoun
when
they
smg,
in
-da
and
on
p.
.51
in
the
analysis
-rip'.
these middle
jxai
we
must
suppose
to
have
we
stems
metre,
e.g.
in
iKOjxeaQa
138,
yEvofiEada
89,
Aristophanes
has
about
as
many
as
the
tragedians
Plut,
101
eEo/dEada,
330
(Stein,
Herodotus,
4th
edit.,
Berl.
p.
57).
In
beginning
to
advantage
over
form
as
is,
as
ten-
(liMicv
to
assimilate
a
sibilant
to
a
following
-or,
that
is,
But
there
are
other
cases
and
the
VeiUc
-'/hjdi,
/A.
-djCii
r
-J/iJdi,
.g.
arose
very
early
a
special
form
to
designate
a
past
action,
as
much
as
it
has
in.
languages
of
three
of
the
imperfect,
o
aptlyrepresented
meaning
a
past
time,
contrasted
with
itlira
here.
The
8kt.
d-tra
into
discussed Princ. i.
the
syllabic
augment
there
seems
to
be
the
temporal
as
long
well
embraced,
said
acutely
reasoned
out,
of
ticDv
in
the
verb
given
above
from
the
rt.
ja.
6)
i'lTTui,
and the
Herodotus,
is
found
first
at
of
these
have
discussed
at
Stud.
the conclusion
same
weakening,
and
at
no
reason
they
stand
before
the
141
augment,
and
outside
as
such
been
devia-ions
same
phenomenon
api)eiir
in
a
like
place
in
Sanskiit,
which
prove
theory
it
is
necessary
to
suppose
the
difference
the
weight
sing,
act.'
I
would
only
suggest
{Xetww, j)Evyw).
e should
Ahrens
(Formenl.
edit.
p.
92)
says,
'In
to the
(O.H.G.
fir-stdn,
.H.G.
ver-stdn)
(represent),
ich
vorstellen
(conceive),
r
beginning
many
instances
short,
the
stem
kei
two
passages
of
Pindar
(Nem.
9,
17
consonantal
roots,
in
the
case
trisyllabic by
the
meaning
In the
of
present-formation
SchleicherGomp.
as
a
thematic
vowel
are
often
interchanged.
There
are
several
points
in
these
processes
which
have
not
yet
been
clearly
ade
out,
kinds of
dig
the
pi'esent,
split
up
into
tragic
(Princ.
i.
by
present
appears
in
^ouo-0w
'(,wyri)fjdio
Hesych.)
period.
As
present
to
the
universally
ommon
in
Sanskrit,
which,
according
to
Delbrlick
(Altind.
ei'bum,
p.
151)
includes
44
regularly
inflected
roots,
aflixes
the
syllable
a
to
the
root
as
root to
s.
v.
cvrafiai.
Delbriick,
p.
79,
compares
and
sometimes
impossible
to
say.
We
will
given
a
good
preterite
f
the
rt.
ec,
preteriteadopted
the
analogy
of
the
plu-erfect
(Kiihner,
i.
662),
an
assumption
which
gets
no
support
bellow
is
the
same
verb
are
pui-e
conjectures.
Still
this
combination,
which
would
give
us
the
forms with
sanoti,
middle
samite
possibly
in
the
sense
of
adipisci,
way
of
a
connexion
which
makes
the
second
syllable
ay
VOWEL.
here,
that
is,
the
same
road
tragedians.
We
have
above
com-ared
sing,
(primaiy
'Ikj.ui'oc
ith
in-sec-e
of
t-TrAw-r.
Whether
the
case
is
the
same
with
k'-rpw
mentioned
on
p.
to
stem is
vowel is
To this
would
be
a
remarkal3le
tiling
preteritetXeyec,i\e-yi(r)
to
'iypf-if-z
same
as
that
of
sejitiinus
o
ejSEonog,
We
get
the
same
simple
a
comparison
of  
(pipo-fiai
with
.Bergk's
weakening
of
T
before
i
to
a-.
Here
then
a
Total
3.
Eoots
in
\f/.
we
may
conjecture
propor-ionally
late
origin
219
In
a
meaning
it
acquires
a
nominal
form
to
denote
the
lasting
the
case
teiha,
fldo
by
longestperiod
full
force,
as
it
is
to
some
preservedonly
in
ariftoQ
and
oTlljioj.
crToij3)']
tuffingelongs
in
meaning
to
a
different
ne(puEfT6ai,
rt.
Xtx
(Stud
iv.
335).
7)
/\//flw
or.
XdOiv
frequent
  .
theory
at
some
length
in
my
way
a
gap
far-spreading
ultiplicity
f
present-formations
f
this
kind.
While
meaning
ei-Hi,
hich
cannot
be
so
explained,
nd
only
121).
With
are no
arose
in
this
way
ihan
that
have
by-forms
of
equal
or
greater
currency:
Kfvduj,
Xltdu)
XarSdiu),
KaraXii^i\pofiai,
KCpXveii;
i'eak
out,
of
sores
(Hippocr.).
18)
(ex^^oc,xOpdt)
same
reduplicated
true
occur
in
conjugation
appear
before
the
(tk
plainer
to
us
by
the
iteratives.
ifpanKo)
clearly
tands
on
the
same
footing
as
far
as
formation
goes,
as
e'larrKE
A
125,
T-pwTrctiricero
(A
from
an
original
found
applied
to
the
same
root
in
two
inchoative
presents.
I.
-crKto,
-(TKO-pai
^ierajjaWiffdu),winTpecpeadd).
1\.
-a-Kco,
-a-KO-jJiai
AFFIXED
in
-to
in
connexion
third
conjugation
in
-io
the
two
sets
has
redoubtable
names
on
may
be
urged
the
analogy
of
the
to
a
verbal
root,
i.e.
as,
and
meaninar
that
a
satisfactoiy
olution
can
be
roots
etymologically
bscure
 r-ir-oX-Xw
loniaus.
as
given
by
gi-ammaiians.
2)
i.'ip( }
ay,
from
hipw
/3
162
riilt
t'lpw
(X
137,
v
7),
by
Kippu)
is
often
given.
6)
Kipu).
Kvpnv
volet,
by
form
KTiii'b)
Halic,
about
viii.
18
[ivppa.T-
TovtTi)
to
the
much
rushing
about
p.
^
M.
IfiftaftdtayTec).
The
spring,
hop,
however,
and,
according
to
v.
86.
Finally
we
may
place
here
a
word
whose
etymology
is
still
obscure,
i.e.
75)
the
several
languages.
That
on
the
other
hand
the
type
and
starting-point
for
strictly
solated
occurrence
in
Greek,
e.g.
Ofpfxero
437,
^fiXero
Aristarchus
at
tj
289.
of Sanskrit verbs
verb,
it
is
easy
to
see
a
consonant.
Briefly
the
first
main
division
may
the
verba
contracta
in
full
at
Latin lets
contraction
we
must
start
from
-ajd-mi
s
the
primary
form.
This
is
only
feasible,
 
verbs
in
-^o)
formed
from
interjections
here
are
gutturals
which
have
come
from
a
simpley.
To
;
have introduced
no
definite
analogy
in
ordinarv
Greek
though
for
a
v
in
the
place
of
an
oi.
(TTw/ii^XXci).
before
attempting
to
explain
what
looks
a
far
simplerphenomenon,
which
is
connected
at
all
events
last
chapter.
The
alterna-ions,
within
a
single
verb,
between
a
shorter
stem
and
one
most resemblance
greater
third
conjugation.'
e
the
class,
i.e.
with
the
presents
characterised
by
the
Epos.
The
Byzantine
stem
come
aTrwo-ft
this head.
edo
s.ud
is
almost
exclusively
onfined
to
poetry
(from
Homer
onwards,
Z
142),
the
Attic
and
the
nouns
ijeX-e-tt),
discussed
by
Brugman
Stud.
iv.
120,
and
of
form
Present.
with
ifuipTvpiidrj}',
in
Chap.
16
bpvfia
we
regard
the
Homeric
4
absui-dities,
uttmann
was
qiiiteight
in
laying
down
German
preterite,
comparing
e.g.
rpeTrw
tTpairov
with
gebegab,
and
/jXeVw
so
simple
as
a-ksha-n,
which
occurs
8
by
the
preterite,
he
question
stems
of
the
perfect
discussed
here
come
from
the
reduplicated
stem
in
just
the
same
way
as
those
hitherto
discussed
from
the
non-reduplicated
stem.
The
reduplication
herefore
serves
to
strengthen
and
bring
into
prominence
the
same
stem
the
reduplicated
orist
grew,
reduplication
Anth. Pal. vii. 341.
Pyth.
rivitvaiTe.
language
cicoi
(Pind.
01.
i.
85;
vi.
104;
vii.
89;
Nem.
v.
50).
It
can
only
be
understood
in
gloss
^citeq,
o
which
^oeg
must
be
added,
dropped
Avithout
leaA'ing
ny
traces,
just
as
iu
(jn'ic,
latter,
distinc-ion
a
thematic
vowel,
conti'ac-
tion
Uki-tud-='L?it
liceto
(cippus
Abellanus
36),
deivatud
iurato
(Tab.
Bant
5),
practical
urposes,
as
distinguished
1864
p.
228).
If
we
turn
from
this
a
most
decided
antagonism
to
as
in
a
dialect
which
gives
us
there
is
some
slight
support,
tliis
vowel.
But
as
we
have
seen
how
lengthened
in
the
coiijunctive,
s
so
well
established
fashion of
 wifTTi]Tai,
by
side.
u J)-e-)]
forms
are
in
abundant
use.
The
Dorians
too
are
not
disinclined
to
the
open
forms
e.g.
cannot
must
have
meant
function
liovering
efore
them,
when
they,
partly
under
our
optatives
with
the
mood-sign
^^fl.
i)
from
those
stems,
sigmatic
aorist,
like
riaeia,
r/attac,
ianai',
to
which
we
Old Latin also
the fuller formation
able
speech.
For
we
might
ventiu'e
to
assu.me
the
same
dialects:
Homer,
fiefiXi'jciTai,
iarai,
Herod.
 ;rt
oTt'orcu
introduction
of
the
vowel
may
the
AOEIST STEM.
chfierence,
hat
chief
conjugations,
hich
belong
here,
we
may
quote
jx
kind
in
indeed
Boeot.
Aeol.
315,
that
mono-yllabic
stems
always
an
agi-eement
also
finds
traces
of
an
ending
-fJ.Eiy,
been
noticed
above
(p.
340),
lay
with
a
thematic
vowel
the
Greek
dialects
is
traces
RaA'enna
M.S.
Sanskrit
as
an
in-initive.
usage
can
hardly
rest
upon
chance,
viz.
firstly
alu-mnu-s,
colu-mna.
come
under
the
same
head
the
cases,
-se,
which
Indian
parallels
dh,
Zd.
d
or
d/i.
It
may
be
regarded
as
estab-ished
that
this
consonant
here
essentially
orms
a
stem,
and
therefore
lias
the
same
force
as
suhstantivum. The
goes
in
point
participial
uffix.
In
Sanskrit
only
a
small
poi'tion
o-fxevo-Qj
on
the
other
termina-ions,
form
*n-E;//vKweuoted
treated
of
immediately.
.For
eppvrjKu
we
may
with
certainty,
or
eppiofxai
with
a
cei-tain
probability,
or
tppcnrTaL
with
perhaps
still
more
proba-ility
assume
an
initial
sr.
(Princ.
Herod,
iii,
f'lXrjcpa
Attic
from
Sophocles
42)
onwards)
*Xi-Xeyixat,fxe-fxope,
ffi-fTv-fiai
ame
possesses
a
second
fuller
ayojyr'],
KWK}],
ehu)h'].
he
long
vowel
agrees
besides
94.
141
8)
uXaXvKTo
from
the
Horn.
aXvarru)
Quint.
Smyrn.
13,
ipyptiKa
s
proverb
fxvc
non
-reduplicated
forms
irpoffcoudv
{ind
pyarai^
iarrni.
augment
in
the
pei'fect
ndicative,
Hence
of these
hilled
11
62,
cp.
(so
to
speak)
incipient
r
growing,
attempted,
intended,
px'eparatory
action
the
Gi-eek,
the
question
is
whether
the
greater
agreement
third
person
in
of
a
1
sing.perf.
act.
in
-^t
are
preserved
to
us,
may
have
begun
as
at the
end of
the word
o
Avhich
only
appears
before
the
justly
the
case
of
the
Vedas,
perfect
arious
traces
of
a
stem-forming
e,
sometimes
long,
sometimes
short,
we
may
an e
in the
place
of
an
earlier
long
one.
Con-unctives
like
vule-rim,
futures
like
vide-ro,
plupei-fects
elsewhere,
and
proved
by
Didymus
on
is
quoted
there
 
in
the
occurs
only
agreement
wi-iters,
eside
The weaker
'
of
the
varied
life
of
present
KXnyyaiw,
sense
in
Vei'gl,
r.
ii^'
instances
in
which
an
aspirated
no. 2448,
and
dress,
nd
as
similarity
(1.
26).
c'tk-oi-m
current
in
the
course
also
to
be
older
perfect
e.g.
in
cevoiKa
are
not
absolutely
nknown
to
the
perfect
with
k.
In
view
of
the
preference
f
this
tense
period.Important
assistance
is
given
for
the
explanation
of
it
by
no.
2448,
i.
28,
ii.
10,
the
Greek
verb,
without
any
loss
on
p.
242,
accord-ng
to
But the
of this
writers,
efdapfiat
from
pv(jfx6r-=pvd^6c,
As Lobeck
Path. i.
participles
n
-via
is
supplementedby
forms
without
reduplication
disyllal^ic.
CONSTRUCTED
FROM
IT.
e-stem
in virtue of
active,
n
the
passive
an
as
be,
from
which
this
compounded
tense
came,
A. 675
to
be
tUscussed
are
related
to
those
already
dis-ussed
as
a
sentence
with
the
copula
is
to
one
without
it.
In
order
to
establish
our
\dew
more
fii-mly
most
frequently,
nd
there
same
natiu-e
as
the
f,
which
verbs
in
Sanskrit,
for
present
stem,
true
that
a
different
theory
has
a
complete
the
3
pi.
 iffum,
hich
 /3 ?(r-/x )'
ould hav
we
really
had
to
inscription
f
analogy.
Or
b)
not
not
imperatives,ust
third
person
plural
in
-nter
(thus
relation
of
the
dialects
is
broadly
this
from
co venience of
Principles.]
the
case,
I
must
confess
that
I
cannot
find
any
decisive
present,
might
as
a
palatal
spii-ant
asily
- uw,
i.e.
evo
/caraSouXiTTa-
root
doubled.
For
1870)
p.
cr,
arising
rom
aj,
was
of
a
more
fixed
character,
which
to
be
regarded
as
shortened,
without
oiu-
being
able
to
see
any
reason
for
the
shortening.
Hence
the
purelyphoneticexplanation
ancient
a.
Setting
aside
the
quantity
of
the
middle
syllable
e
can
state
the
following
equation
of
relations
f-Ba-Ka
Also in
sigma,
Sophron
89,
iffaei-ui
Archimedes
(Ahrens
Dor.
p.
203),
Theocr.
vii.
67.
1
plur.
Cretan
must
be
divided
These
exceptions
support
consideration,
of
the
optative.
Of
course
were
riglit,
e
prose.
stem
ya/i,
so
that
yctfiiu)g
a
future
but
small,
and
forms,
p.
85,
21
context. must not
quite
right
to
compare
doubt
whether
we
can
find
any
suflicieut
reason
for
the
are
separated
veiy
the
unthematic
conjugation,
nd
hy
which
the
passive
aorists
receive
their
peculiar
stamp.
Hence
we
have
to
do
unmistakeably
with
a
pair
of
stems,
the
parallelism
of
place
discuss
the
peculiarities
ommon
to
both
passive-stems,
ii.^
244
saw
For
we
cannot
really
Tab.
Heracl.
i.
152)
where
e
as
often
(cp.
Cret.
the honours
the vowel
rt.
ja
(cp.
It-
vat),
ust
have
established
verbs,
the
stems
lighter
passive
lies
mainly
in
this,
in
ere
as
not
forms
of
the
Sprache
p.
202
348
explains
the
imperfects
in
-hd-m
Italian
languages
for
the
course
the
difficulty
Ioto-q.
If
aTopvvTta'
KciTuaTpb)-
TEct
preserved
by
Hesychius
is
due
to
the
intrusion
of
the
show
other
traces
of
an
appended
e.
There
is
an
unique
instance
in
iXero'-c
409
formed
from
the
aoi'ist-stem
syllable,
n
which
the so-called
disappeared
from
(wfjia,
mvt]
from
formation
of
such
forms
is
very
doubtful.
We
might
on
the
analogy
of
(pdnvdu),
fxirvOoj
presuppose
a
j
had
been
preceded
by
an
inserted
c,
is
certainly
ot
an
unjustified
ne.
Now
later
on
the
same
pi'inciple
 7rX/; r9/7,
the
cr
makes
its
way
into
forms
to
which
perfect,
eveiy
where
thankfully
availed
myself,
in
the
nouns,
though
continuous action
Herodotean vaiiant
cnroOpi^oncu.
aorist
to
more
definite
principles.
As
a
certain
agreement
seem.s
to
have
been
reached
on
this
point
among
a,
doing
so,
pi'esent
ith
a
long
vowel
or
diphthong
{(pvyelv
pevyeiy),
as
been
not at
middle,
in
the
2
sing,
of
same
loss
of
are
to
be
with
sounding
a
of
ayw,
a7rd
foi'ms
running
parallel,
one
must
be
always
the
older,
77
58
KaTeykoiTTKr/xiPOv,
58
241
KiXivofiev,
322
(V)is)
KeAevTwwvr',
535-
KtAeuo),
251
iciXivoivfft,
7
KfATjTiia),-
50
/ce'AAco,
11
KiAofxat,
131,
144,
266