Arne Elias Executive Director

TheThe CCentreentre forfor SSustainableustainable

TTransportationransportation

CUTA Youth ConferenceUBC, August 22, 2008

• Climate change and transportation

• Criteria Air pollution – particulates

• Energy security and supply - oil

• Quality of life & economics (inefficiency, cost congestion, etc.)

Why we need to act fast

Hans Quak, Sustainability of Urban Freight Transport: Retail Distribution and Local Regulations in Cities

A sustainable transportation system is one that:A sustainable transportation system is one that: Allows the basic access needs of individuals and Allows the basic access needs of individuals and

societies to be met safely and in a manner consistent societies to be met safely and in a manner consistent with human and ecosystem health, and with equity with human and ecosystem health, and with equity within and between generations;within and between generations;

Is affordable, operates efficiently, offers choice of Is affordable, operates efficiently, offers choice of transport mode, and supports a vibrant economy; transport mode, and supports a vibrant economy;

Limits emissions and waste within the planet's ability to Limits emissions and waste within the planet's ability to absorb them, minimizes consumption of non-renewable absorb them, minimizes consumption of non-renewable resources, limits consumption of renewable resources resources, limits consumption of renewable resources to the sustainable yield level, reuses and recycles its to the sustainable yield level, reuses and recycles its components; and, components; and,

Minimizes the use of land and the production of noise.Minimizes the use of land and the production of noise.

Mayor of LondonMayor of London

““The economic prosperity of <Your City> The economic prosperity of <Your City> is dependent on the efficient movement is dependent on the efficient movement of goods and people”of goods and people”

A Necessary TransformationA Necessary Transformation

The Map verses RealityThe Map verses Reality

Behavioural ChangeBehavioural Change Technological ChangeTechnological Change Infrastructural RedesignInfrastructural Redesign

Transportation OptionsTransportation Options

Fuel ShiftingFuel Shifting Mode ShiftingMode Shifting New TechnologiesNew Technologies EfficiencyEfficiency DSM/ behavioural changeDSM/ behavioural change Planning, design and infrastructure Planning, design and infrastructure

development development

Behaviour Change

Fuel Shifting

Efficiency

Mode Shifting

Technology Shifting

Planning Design & Infrastructural Development

Mode HierarchyMode Hierarchy

WalkWalk Bike – Active TransportationBike – Active Transportation TransitTransit CarpoolCarpool CarshareCarshare SOVSOV--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Freight– Maritime, Rail, TruckFreight– Maritime, Rail, Truck

Growth of Freight Truck Sector 1990 - 2005

Examples: Freight Trip Reduction OptionsExamples: Freight Trip Reduction Options

Reduce demand for unnecessary goodsReduce demand for unnecessary goods Use human powered transport and appropriately Use human powered transport and appropriately

sized vehicles.sized vehicles. Reduce product volumes and unnecessary Reduce product volumes and unnecessary

packaging, use local products.packaging, use local products. Use intelligent systems to optimize the logistics Use intelligent systems to optimize the logistics

chain – schedules, routes, increase load factors.chain – schedules, routes, increase load factors. Coordinate delivery systems - reduce vehicle Coordinate delivery systems - reduce vehicle

trips.trips. Site manufacturing and assembly processes Site manufacturing and assembly processes

closer to their destination markets.closer to their destination markets.

More Examples:More Examples: Implement fleet management programs that reduce Implement fleet management programs that reduce

vehicle mileage, use optimal sized vehicles for each trip, vehicle mileage, use optimal sized vehicles for each trip, and insure that fleet vehicles are maintained and and insure that fleet vehicles are maintained and operated in ways that reduce external costs (congestion, operated in ways that reduce external costs (congestion, pollution, crash risk, etc.).pollution, crash risk, etc.).

Consider shipping costs and externalities in product Consider shipping costs and externalities in product design, production and marketing, for example by design, production and marketing, for example by minimizing excessive packaging and unnecessary minimizing excessive packaging and unnecessary delivery frequency, and relying on more local suppliers.delivery frequency, and relying on more local suppliers.

Change freight delivery times to reduce congestion.Change freight delivery times to reduce congestion. Increase land use accessibility by clustering common Increase land use accessibility by clustering common

destinations together, which reduces the amount of destinations together, which reduces the amount of travel required for goods distribution. travel required for goods distribution.

Pricing and tax policies to encourage efficient freight Pricing and tax policies to encourage efficient freight transport. transport.

Victoria Transport Policy Institute

Rocky Mountain Institute

Behavioural Change/ Mode ShiftingBehavioural Change/ Mode Shifting

Identify attributes from source modeIdentify attributes from source mode Create AwarenessCreate Awareness Provide Infrastructure with full featured Provide Infrastructure with full featured

attributesattributes Identify transition pathwaysIdentify transition pathways Develop comprehensive assistanceDevelop comprehensive assistance

Vehicle to GridVehicle to Grid (V2G) pathway (V2G) pathway Bi-directional Bi-directional gridgrid interface for interface for grid connectable grid connectable

Electric vehiclesElectric vehicles such as such as Battery Electric VehiclesBattery Electric Vehicles (BEV) and (BEV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric VehiclesPlug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) and other appliances. (PHEV) and other appliances.

Enabling technologies: Enabling technologies: PHEVsPHEVs and and micro-gridsmicro-grids Requirements:Requirements: Intelligent Intelligent appliances and appliances and

metering, new, monitoring, control systems and metering, new, monitoring, control systems and other technologies and protocolsother technologies and protocols

Benefits: Full utilization of power resource and Benefits: Full utilization of power resource and cost recoverycost recovery

Including full value delivery for intermittent power Including full value delivery for intermittent power and renewables, low emissions for transportationand renewables, low emissions for transportation

Plug-in Highway and PHEVsPlug-in Highway and PHEVs

Analogous to Hydrogen HighwayAnalogous to Hydrogen Highway Enabling technology for V2GEnabling technology for V2G A portfolio of technologies: electric motors; control A portfolio of technologies: electric motors; control

systems; energy storage systems; and intelligent systems; energy storage systems; and intelligent charging systemscharging systems

Lower emissions on any gridLower emissions on any grid Value added to renewablesValue added to renewables Vehicles can be of equal weight and less complexityVehicles can be of equal weight and less complexity

PHEV AdvantagesPHEV Advantages

Reduction in COReduction in CO22 emissions emissions Fossil fuel use and emissions are reduced engine Fossil fuel use and emissions are reduced engine

efficiency is improved.efficiency is improved. Shifts pollution away from urban areasShifts pollution away from urban areas Fuel security and revenue stream is internalizedFuel security and revenue stream is internalized Driveability can be comparable or better than ICEsDriveability can be comparable or better than ICEs Operating costs are lower, maintenance easierOperating costs are lower, maintenance easier Allows for more efficient use of existing electricity Allows for more efficient use of existing electricity

production capacity, which is under-utilizedproduction capacity, which is under-utilized Allows efficient use of biofuels.Allows efficient use of biofuels.

The best opportunity for all vehicle classesThe best opportunity for all vehicle classes plug-in hybrid vehicles are the plug-in hybrid vehicles are the

best identified strategy to solve best identified strategy to solve our energy crises. our energy crises.

PHEVs are ready now as PHEVs are ready now as prototypesprototypes

can be gradually can be gradually commercialized through commercialized through extending electric only rangeextending electric only range

will mature with along with will mature with along with commercially availability of commercially availability of advanced batteries advanced batteries

gradual market penetration of gradual market penetration of PHEVsPHEVs

with just today’s batteries and with just today’s batteries and the technologies in the pipeline.the technologies in the pipeline.

http://www.hybridcarnews.org/entry/hymotion-upgrades-prius-to-double-its-present-efficiency/

Technological and Cultural BarriersTechnological and Cultural Barriers

Technologies must be much betterTechnologies must be much better Society has to change many of the ways we:Society has to change many of the ways we:

– build vehiclesbuild vehicles– operate vehiclesoperate vehicles– manage transportation and energy demandmanage transportation and energy demand– operate electricity networks operate electricity networks

Cultural change is the bigger barrier even when Cultural change is the bigger barrier even when the benefits are clearly significant.the benefits are clearly significant.

Centre for Sustainable Transportation

bring disciplines

togetherbridge

academia, business and government

developpublic

awareness

Some ActivitiesSome Activities WinSmart 2007 – City of Winnipeg: Baseline emissions data collectionWinSmart 2007 – City of Winnipeg: Baseline emissions data collection PHEV2007 – 1st major conference on Plug-in hybrids globally Nov. 1-2 in WinnipegPHEV2007 – 1st major conference on Plug-in hybrids globally Nov. 1-2 in Winnipeg Plug-in Highway is a multiphase program, with utility, industry and university Plug-in Highway is a multiphase program, with utility, industry and university

partnershipspartnerships Work on vehicle simulation, rapid prototyping and technical and social adoption Work on vehicle simulation, rapid prototyping and technical and social adoption

issues, efficiency analysis and grid integration issues.issues, efficiency analysis and grid integration issues. The Plug-in Highway Network is envisioned as an effective solution to personal and The Plug-in Highway Network is envisioned as an effective solution to personal and

freight intra urban and short haul transportation.freight intra urban and short haul transportation. Auto 21 – Vehicle Simulation - This proposed project is funded. Three separate teams Auto 21 – Vehicle Simulation - This proposed project is funded. Three separate teams

from three universities coordinate data collection and simulation development. Phase from three universities coordinate data collection and simulation development. Phase 1 is managed by the Centre with academics, research associates and assistants.1 is managed by the Centre with academics, research associates and assistants.

WinSmart 2008-09 – Urban Transportation Show Program Winnipeg: many projectsWinSmart 2008-09 – Urban Transportation Show Program Winnipeg: many projects Kids on the Move 3 Ontario - OngoingKids on the Move 3 Ontario - Ongoing Kids on the Move Canada – by Province and municipalityKids on the Move Canada – by Province and municipality NRCAN Driver Behaviour StudyNRCAN Driver Behaviour Study Active Transport HUB – UW Active Transport HUB – UW Discussion Paper for the Sustainable Transportation Task Force STTFDiscussion Paper for the Sustainable Transportation Task Force STTF SmartWay Partner – Freight Efficiency InitiativesSmartWay Partner – Freight Efficiency Initiatives Manitoba Biodiesel Board. ED on Board: developing production and standardsManitoba Biodiesel Board. ED on Board: developing production and standards MPI Sustainability Workshop: Engagement in Sustainability ProjectsMPI Sustainability Workshop: Engagement in Sustainability Projects TDM Best Practices And Legacy Review: TDM Best Practices And Legacy Review: An applied research and proposed action An applied research and proposed action

plan to TransLink, VANOC the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic Games.plan to TransLink, VANOC the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic Games.

Thanks

Centre for Sustainable

Transportationat

http://cst.uwinnipeg.ca/

http://www.pluginhighway.ca/