cuta 2008: matti s. presentation
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Land Use and TransportationExploring the Connections
Matti Siemiatycki, University of TorontoMargaret Wittgens, TransLink
Presentation Overview
1. Introduction to transportation and land use interactions
2. Present contemporary experience: From the nation to the neighbourhood
3. Planning processes to link transportation and land use in Canada
4. TransLink Case Study: Scale/types of projects5. Take home message
Why is there such recent interest in transportation?
Transportation and Land Use
‘transport shapes city development but city form then shapes travel choices’
(Colin Clark, 1957)
• Mode influences travel behaviour
• Available modes influence development patterns
Transportation and City Form: A Historical Perspective
The International Experience
Transportation and Land Use: Urban Density
Proportion of workers using public transit to get to work, selected metropolitan areas, 2006
Transportation and Land Use: Efficacy of Public Transit
Transportation and Land Use: Emissions by Transport Sector
Transportation and Land Use: Urban Wealth
Population Density: Occupied Dwellings Per Kilometre in Canadian Cities (2006)
Relationship between density and car commuting in Canada’s largest cities
Occupied Dwellings per Square Kilometre
Tota
l sha
re o
f Trip
s to
wor
k by
car
Relationship between density and car commuting in Canada’s Medium Sized Cities
Relationship between Density and Sustainability of total Transportation System and Policy
Occupied Dwellings per Kilometre
Rank
ing
on N
ew A
pple
Can
ada’
s Su
stai
nabl
e tr
ansp
orta
tion
Syst
em In
dex
Source: GreenApple Canada, 2007; Statistics Canada
Relationship between income and car commuting in Canada’s largest cities
Median Individual Income
Tota
l sha
re o
f Trip
s to
wor
k by
car
Source: Stats Can, 2006
The Regional Scale: The Canadian Urban Experience
Median commuting distance (in kilometres) travelled by workers in census metropolitan areas by period of construction of dwelling of residence, Canada, 2006
Commuting Distances
Commuting by Sustainable Travel Modes: an Issue of Equity and the Environment
Job Sites
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Toronto Example (2007)
(Source: VandeWeghe and Kennedy, 2007)
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: All Residential Buildings (2007)
(Source: VandeWeghe and Kennedy, 2007)
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: All Passenger Transportation (2007)
(Source: VandeWeghe and Kennedy, 2007)
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: All Residential Emissions (2007)
(Source: VandeWeghe and Kennedy, 2007)
Transportation and Land Use at the Neighbourhood Scale
Transportation and Land Use: The Health Connection
• Land use patterns and transportation influence our health
• Car usage and suburban land pattern which encourages car usage has been linked with obesity related diseases
• Non-motorized and public transit encourage more physical activity, and have been linked to improved health• More likely to occur in higher
density areas
Transportation and Land Use: A not so obvious connection
• Transportation shapes land use, and individual travel decisions are also shaped by land uses
• Empirical studies have had a difficult time demonstrating universal linkages between transportation investments and land use change– Difficulty demonstrating cause
and effect– Conflicting evidence, or
disagreement on direction of impact
– Difficulty in generalising results or conclusions
Transportation and Land Use: A not so obvious connection
Responsibility for Transportation/Land Use Planning: A lack of integration
• Major highways: province• Public transit: varies by city (city council; city
crown company; regional authority; provincial agency)
• Land Use Planning and Approvals: municipalities
• Strategic land use planning (green zones/agricultural land reserves, etc): province