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LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL APPRAISAL

Nova Scotia Farm, Caister-on-Sea, Great Yarmouth

On behalf of Persimmon Homes Anglia

July 2014

© JBA Consultancy Services Ltd.

Persimmon Homes Anglia Nova Scotia Farm, Caister-on-Sea, Great Yarmouth

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~ FINAL SB CX CX 01/07/2014 Revision Purpose Originated Checked Authorised Date Drawing Number: JBA 14/50-Doc1

Document Ref: LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL ASSESSMENT – Nova Scotia Farm, Caister-on-Sea, Great Yarmouth


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LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL APPRAISAL

Nova Scotia Farm, Caister-on-Sea, Great Yarmouth

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 4 2.0 POLICY CONTEXT 7

3.0 LANDSCAPE AND SETTLEMENT CHARACTER 12 4.0 VISUAL ANALYSIS 22 5.0 LANDSCAPE STRATEGY 25 6.0 CONCLUSIONS 27 FIGURES

1 – Policy Context 2 – Landscape Character Assessment 3 – Visual Analysis 4 – Representative View 1 5 – Representative View 2 6 – Representative View 3 7 – Representative View 4 8 – Representative Views 5 & 6 9 – Representative Views 7 & 8 10 – Representative View 9 11 – Representative View 10 12 – Representative View 11 13 – Representative View 12 14 – Representative Views 13 & 14 15 – Representative Views 15 & 16 16 – Representative Views 17 & 18 17 – Representative Views 19 & 20 18 – Representative Views 21 & 22 19 – Representative View 23

APPENDICES 1 – Sources of Information 2 – Glossary 3 – Plant Species – Extract from Postcode Plant Database (Natural History Museum)


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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.1 Rationale 1.1.1 JBA Consultancy Services Ltd have been instructed to complete a landscape

and visual appraisal for land at Nova Scotia Farm, Caister-on-Sea, Great Yarmouth, on behalf of Persimmon Homes Anglia.

1.2 Background and Scope 1.2.1 Caister-on-sea is situated approximately 1 mile north of Great Yarmouth and

15 miles east of Norwich, within the authority of Great Yarmouth Borough Council.

1.2.2 The settlement within Caister-on-Sea has predominantly extended north of Norwich Road; the western periphery of the town is defined by the Caister by-pass. In the 19th Century settlements grew from small isolated fishing villages to holiday resorts. The popularity of the coast continued throughout the 20th century through the expansion of holiday resorts, notably through large caravan sites often occurring between larger settlements such as Caister-on-Sea. The town contains a good range of services and opportunities for employment, retail and education and is identified in planning terms as a Key Service Centre. Within the Core Strategy for the Borough, Caister-on-Sea is considered capable of growth to accommodate approximately 30% of new homes, in conjunction with the town of Bradwell.

1.2.3 The town lies on rising ground from the coast (Dunes, Coastal Levels and

Resorts) in the east to a plateau in the west (Settled Farmlands). The site is situated within the Ormesby and Filby Settled Farmlands landscape, an area which comprises a gently undulating, low lying landform. Due to the relatively flat topography and comparatively sparse land cover across much of the area, views are often panoramic and punctuated by vertical elements such as church towers and wind turbines. In the case of the site, the water tower within the tower is a prominent vertical feature in views. To the east is the Dunes, Coastal Levels and Resorts LCT which comprises a landscape of simple horizons and big skies, recreational resort and residential development forms the backdrop to views in land (including caravan parks at Caister-on-Sea).

1.2.4 The site lies immediately to the west of the existing settlement boundary and is bordered by the Caister by-pass to the east and Norwich Road to the south. The western boundary is defined by a track leading to Nova Scotia Farm. An existing hedgerow delineates the northern boundary.

1.2.5 The area, approximately 28.37 ha, currently comprises an agricultural field associated with Nova Scotia Farm. A combination of vegetation, including hedgerows, hedgerow trees and scrub boarders the site at all the boundaries, with gaps in this to the east and west to provide access. The land rises on a plateau of land sloping up from the coast in the east to the west.


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1.3 Aims and Objectives 1.3.1 The aims and objectives of this appraisal are to:

Review existing and emerging planning policy as relevant to landscape;

Summarise the characteristics of the landscape surrounding Caister-on-Sea with reference to existing studies;

Identify and assess the condition of landscape elements within the proposed development site;

Identify the potential visual envelope from which the site and any future development may be seen; and

As part of a landscape-led strategy, make recommendations to minimise potential landscape and visual effects, and where appropriate provide positive enhancement. Such measures will be incorporated into the development masterplan.

1.4 Methodology 1.4.1 The following descriptions of the land adjacent to Nova Scotia Farm, Caister-

on-Sea, (the surrounding landscape character and visibility) are based on a period of desk study and field survey carried out during spring 2014. The site and visual survey was completed on 30th May 2014. The study area is shown on Figure 1. Sources of information are listed in Appendix 1.

1.4.2 This report has been prepared in accordance with the guidance contained

within Landscape Character Assessment Guidance for England and Scotland (Countryside Agency and Scottish Natural Heritage, 2002) and Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Third Edition (The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment, 2013). This study does not assess the landscape and visual effects of the development, but could provide the basis for future study should this be required.

1.4.3 Within the report a clear distinction is made between landscape character and

views: Landscape Character: the physical characteristics or elements of the

landscape, which together establish the character of the area e.g. geology, topography, hydrology, land cover, land use, vegetation and settlement pattern ie the landscape as a resource; and

Views: the area from which the site and the development is likely to be visible, and the extent or degree of its visibility within the landscape to people.

1.4.4 An overview of the planning policy framework (national and local) as relevant

to landscape was completed (Section 2.0). This assessment included the identification of both statutory and non-statutory designations within the study area and relevant planning policies in relation to the protection and enhancement of existing environmental assets, residential development and design.


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1.4.5 The landscape character of the area (Section 3.0) was established by reviewing published landscape character assessments. Landscapes, which share similar characteristics, can be classified into generic Landscape Character Types (LCTs) and/or specific Landscape Character Areas (LCAs) with distinct landscape attributes. A hierarchy of LCTs and LCAs has been identified at a range of different scales from the National, Regional and County/District level.

1.4.6 Fieldwork was used to verify local characteristics specific to the site and its

surrounding area. Characteristic and important landscape attributes (including scale, topography/landform, landscape pattern, settlement/human influences and perceptual/aesthetic aspects) were identified.

1.4.7 Published landscape assessments were reviewed to determine the overall condition and sensitivity of the landscape to the change proposed. Relevant guidelines were reviewed to inform judgements regarding the siting and design of the proposed development and management of landscape attributes to inform a strategy to ensure that the development responds to local distinctiveness and character.

1.4.8 The study of landscape assessments within the hierarchy is important to aid

understanding of the landscape and to allow the identification of landscape elements that may be present at a number of different scales, and thus of higher importance. It may also highlight landscape character that is ‘out of context’ with other levels of the hierarchy and identify potential mitigation and enhancement options that may not be present at the local scale, but may be beneficial at a higher level.

1.4.9 The existing and potential visibility of the site was determined by analysis of

topographical data (OS mapping) combined with aerial images. As the degree of visibility may be locally influenced by landform and vegetation, fieldwork was undertaken to assess the extent of potential views (Section 4.0).

1.4.10 A number of representative views located in publicly accessible areas within

the visual envelope were selected. Locations were based on the distance from the site; the relative height of the site and the receptor; the proportion of the site or degree of existing visibility; the nature of the view (including views particularly characteristic of the area); the likelihood for the view to be influenced by the development; and the anticipated number or sensitivity of potential receptors. The potential receptors, for example users of properties (such as residents, employees or visitors); users of public rights of way (including public footpaths, bridleways, byways and permissive paths); users of transport routes; and other places accessible to the public were recorded.


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1.4.11 Photographs were taken of each representative view. All photographs were taken during the day in late spring with good visibility using a digital camera (focal length of 50mm to replicate the view from the human eye). Views are anticipated to decrease during summer, where vegetation is present but increase in winter. To achieve a wider field of view at certain locations, a series of overlapping photographs were taken. These photographs were joined together to form panoramic images. For ease of reference, visible elements within the site and adjoining area were identified on each photograph.

1.4.12 The review of planning policy, in conjunction with the findings of the baseline

survey, provided the basis for identifying the constraints and opportunities of the site. In conjunction with the findings of the ecological and arboricultural surveys, the constraints and opportunities and associated recommendations were used to inform a landscape strategy.

1.4.13 A glossary of the key terms used in this document can be found in Appendix

2.

2.0 POLICY CONTEXT 2.1 Background 2.1.1 National Government and Great Yarmouth Borough District Council have

identified areas of landscape importance and developed policies and recommendations that relate to the protection of the built and natural environment.

2.2 Statutory and Non-Statutory Designations 2.2.1 The area around Caister-on-Sea contains a number of identified statutory and

non-statutory constraints (refer to Figure 1) including: The study area includes various Scheduled Monuments, those in close

proximity to the site include Caister Castle (536 metres south west) and Caister-on-Sea Roman Fort and Saxon Settlement (345 metres south east);

The Ormesby St Margaret Conservation Area is situated to the north; The study area incorporates a number of Listed Buildings. The

majority of buildings are Grade II Listed. Caister Castle is Grade I Listed, the Church of Holy Trinity and Caister Hall are Grade II* Listed; and

To the south and west of the site is the Norfolk Broads and Broads Authority boundary.

2.2 National Policy 2.2.1 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was published in March

2012 and sets out the Government’s planning policies for England.


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2.2.2 The NPPF sets out a clear presumption in favour of sustainable development, which should be seen as a ‘golden thread’ running through plan-making and decision-taking. The NPPF outlines three mutually dependent dimensions or roles for the planning system:

Economic - building a strong economy and supporting growth; Social - supporting strong, vibrant and healthy communities and

creating a high quality built environment; and Environmental - protecting and enhancing our natural, built and

historic environment. 2.2.3 The planning system should play an active role in guiding development to

sustainable solutions. Plans and decisions need to take local circumstances into account, so that they respond to the different opportunities in different areas. In terms of plan-making all planning authorities should therefore positively seek opportunities to meet development needs in their areas.

2.2.4 Planning decisions must be taken in accordance with the development plan

unless material considerations indicate otherwise. In terms of decision-taking, development proposals that accord with the Development Plan should be approved without delay. Where there is no current Local Plan policy in place planning permission should be granted:

unless adverse impacts would significantly and demonstrably outweigh the benefits when assessed against the policies within the NPPF; or

specific policies in the NPPF indicate that development should be restricted.

2.2.5 Paragraph 17 of the NPPF sets out twelve core planning principles that should underpin all plan-making and decision-taking. These include inter alia seeking to secure high quality design and a good standard of amenity for all existing and future occupants; taking account of the different roles and character of different areas, including recognising the intrinsic character and beauty of the countryside; conserving and enhancing the natural environment, including allocating land of lesser environmental value; promoting mixed use development; conserving heritage assets; and focusing development in sustainable locations.

2.2.6 In terms of delivering sustainable development key objectives relevant to this

proposal include: Delivering a wide choice of high quality homes: Housing

applications should be considered in the context of the presumption in favour of sustainable development (para 47-55).

Requiring good design: planning positively to achieve high quality and inclusive design. Planning policies and decisions should aim to ensure that development will function well and add to the overall character of the area; establish a strong sense of place; optimise the potential of the site creating and sustaining an appropriate mix of uses (including green and other public space); respond to local character and history (while not preventing or discouraging appropriate innovation); create safe and accessible environments; and be visually attractive as a result of good architecture and appropriate landscaping (para 56-68).

Promoting healthy communities: including the creation of safe and accessible environments and developments including clear and legible


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pedestrian routes and high quality public open space. Local open space, sports and recreational provision should be based on a quantitative and qualitative assessment of existing facilities and requirements (para 69-78).

Conserving and enhancing the natural environment: by inter alia protecting valued landscapes, minimising impacts on biodiversity, and providing net biodiversity gains. Development plans should allocate land with the least environmental or amenity value and local authorities should set criteria based policies against which proposals for development will be judged. Distinctions should be made between international, national and locally designates sites, so that the level of protection should be commensurate with the level of the designation. The greatest weight should be given to conserving the landscape and scenic beauty of National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. By encouraging good design, planning policies and decisions should limit the impact of light pollution (para 109-125).

Conserving and enhancing the historic environment: by developing local strategies to conserve designated and non-designated heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance. In determining planning applications local authorities should also take into account the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness (para. 126-141).

2.4 Local Policy 2.4.1 The principal document, the Core Strategy (September 2013), is a key

document in the emerging Local Plan setting out the strategic policies for new homes, jobs, retail, leisure facilities, transport and local services as well as the environment. The policies within the Core Strategy and future Local Plan Documents will be used when decisions on planning applications are made.

2.4.2 One of the fundamental objectives of the Core Strategy is the principle of

sustainability. As such Policy CS1, Focusing on a Sustainable Future, sets out the requirement for the creation of sustainable communities through the incorporation of the following aspects:

Sustainable growth, ensuring new development is of a scale and location that compliments the character and supports the function of individual settlements;

Environmentally friendly neighbourhoods, that are located are designed to help address and where possible mitigate the effects of climate change;

Safe, accessible places that promote healthy lifestyles and provide easy access to facilities by walking and cycling; and

Distinctive places that embrace innovative high quality urban design where it responds to local characteristics and protects biodiversity, unique landscapes, built character and historic environment.

2.4.3 Principles of sustainable development are reinforced by aspects within Policy CS 12, Utilising Natural Resources. As such all new developments are required to maximise the level of energy efficiency achieved through passive design and construction techniques with appropriate consideration given to


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siting, massing, orientation, internal design, use of materials, insulation and heat recovery.

2.4.4 The Core Strategy also sets out the spatial strategy for the Borough based on

a settlement hierarchy, which ranks settlements according to their size, range of services, facilities and their possible capacity for growth. Within this hierarchy the settlement of Caister-on-Sea is identified by Policy CS 2, Achieving Sustainable Growth, as a Key Service Centre. As such the settlement is considered to contain a good range of services and opportunities for employment, retail and education. Key Service Centres serve a wide catchment area and contain good public transport links. Therefore, in accordance with Policy CS 2 growth within the must be delivered in a sustainable manor, reinforced by Policy CS 1, by balancing the delivery of new homes. This results in the distribution of new development being approximately 30% within the Key Service Centres of Bradwell and Caister-on-Sea.

2.4.5 Furthermore, to ensure that new residential development in the Borough

meets the housing needs of local people the council will seek to make provision for at least 5,700 net additional homes up to year 2029 (Policy CS 3 – Addressing the Boroughs Housing Need). Therefore, new development will be focussed in accessible areas and those with the most capacity to accommodate new homes on accordance with Policy CS 2. In conjunction with this, new development must ensure that housing addressed the local housing needs by incorporating a range of different tenure, sizes and types of homes resulting in mixed and balanced communities. The precise requirements with regards to tenure, size and type of home will be4 set out on a site-by-site basis, having regard to the strategic housing market assessment, the viability of individual sites and Policy CS 4, Delivering Affordable Housing.

2.4.6 Maintaining, enhancing and restoring the historic environment is also a key

objective of the Core Strategy and will be protected in accordance with Policy CS 10, Safeguarding Local Heritage Assets. The Council will promote heritage-led regeneration, requiring appropriate beneficial uses and enhancements to historic buildings, spaces and areas, ensuring improved access to historic assets.

2.4.7 The council will also seek the improvement of the natural environment and

avoid any harmful impacts of development on biodiversity, geodiversity, landscape assets, priority habitats and species, in accordance with Policy CS 11, Enhancing the Natural Environment. This includes safeguarding, and where possible, enhancing the Boroughs landscape character in accordance with the findings of the borough landscape character assessment. The Council will also seek to ensure that all new development takes measures to avoid or reduce negative impacts on existing biodiversity and geodiversity through the use of landscaping, building and construction features, sustainable drainage systems and geological exposures. Furthermore developments should also incorporate measures to enable greater public access to biodiversity and geodiversity assets.

2.4.8 The provision of enabling greater public access to biodiversity and

geodiversity assets is reinforced by Policy CS 15, Providing and Protecting Community Assets and Green Infrastructure, whereby it must be ensured that


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new developments contribute to the provision of recreational green space and to incorporate improvements to the quality of, And access to, existing green infrastructure, play spaces and open spaces throughout the Borough.

2.4.9 Great Yarmouth Borough Wide Local Plan, 2001, Saved Policies The Great Yarmouth Borough Wide Local Plan, 2001, provides the basis for

all planning decisions in the Borough. It will provide planning policy guidance until the emerging Local Plan Documents are adopted.

2.4.10 Within the Local Plan, Saved Policy HOU 5 conveys the proposed sites for

new housing developments of more than 10 developments. Development within Caister fitting these criteria is allocated under this policy and as such must also conform to aspects within Policy HOU 4. Therefore, in accordance with Policy HOU 4 proposals for residential development in excess of 10 dwellings must:

Be adjacent to or in an existing settlement; There would be no loss of sites of landscape or wildlife importance; There would be no loss of best and most versatile agricultural land or

areas of special landscape value; and There would be no harm to the historic environment.

2.4.11 In addition to this Policy BNV 1 states development in the vicinity of a

Scheduled Ancient Monument will only be permitted if proposals will not adversely affect the monument, or its setting.

2.4.11 Along with the above the Council will permit new development, including

modern architecture which provides a high quality of design and townscape complementary to its setting and which would result in enhancement of an area. Thereby, influencing the siting, form and height of new buildings resulting in developments being sympathetic to the character and setting of the area (Policies BNV 16, BNV 17, and BNV 18).

2.4.12 In conjunction with this new development must also consist of a high standard

of layout and design, reflecting the density of the surrounding existing built form and not impact negatively in the character of the environment (Policies HOU 15, HOU 16, and HOU 17). In terms of the character of the area in which a development is proposed the local plan looks to maintain and enhance areas of landscape, nature and amenity importance for both the existing population and future generations. Environmental considerations must be a key part of land use decisions to ensure that development needs are met without compromising the local, national and global environment.

2.4.13 The design of all new developments should also include comprehensive and

convenient footpath, footway and cycle routes. The Council will seek the improvement and extension of accessible, safe, pedestrian and cycle routes linking residential and other areas in accordance with Policies TCM 31 and BNV 33.

2.4.14 New residential development is also expected to provide recreational /

amenity space / children’s place space that is proportionate to the scale of the development or the overall scheme as appropriate (Policy REC 8). The provision of open space is reinforced by Policy REC 9, whereby proposals are not permitted to erode the overall provision of recreational open space and children’s playspace.


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2.4.15 Great Yarmouth Borough Council Strategic Housing Land Availability

Assessment Review 2012 (SHLAA) The SHLAA is the document used to identify sufficient suitable sites to

accommodate housing development in the next 15 years. This document forms part of the evidence base for the Local Plan.

2.4.16 The site at Nova Scotia Farm is located to the west of Caister between

Norwich Road and the Caister By-pass. A mature hedgerow runs along the boundary with Caister By-pass to the east. To the north the site is open to farmland. Along the western boundary of the site is a belt of young trees with open farmland beyond. A concrete track runs along the south of the, which continues to Nova Scotia Farm. A belt of shrubs and trees runs between this boundary and the dual carriageway (Norwich Road) which lies lower than the site. The land use to the west, north and south is farmland, with an area of Landscape important setting of an Ancient Monument and Landscape Important to the Broadland Scene to the south, on the opposite side of Norwich Road. The area is adjacent to the village development limits, however it is considered to have good access to a range of facilities within Caister.

2.4.17 The site is indirectly related to the setting of two ancient monuments, Caister

Castle to the south west of the site and the Roman Fort to the north east. Development at this location would need to be respectful of this setting, however there are no other major constraints identified within this assessment that may impact upon the site. Therefore it is considered that the site is potentially suitable for residential development and that historic environment issues could be addressed by sympathetic design.

2.4.18 Overall, within the SHLAA the site is considered potentially suitable as an

urban extension and could yield 436 units at 30dph whilst maximising on appropriate range of dwelling types for this area.

3.0 LANDSCAPE AND SETTLEMENT CHARACTER 3.1 Landscape Character Types and Areas 3.1.1 The character of the landscape evolves over time as a result of the interaction

of human activity and the natural environment (people and place). Attributes used to assess landscape character include:

Physical – geology, landform, climate, soils, landcover; Cultural and Social – land use, settlement, enclosure & history; and Aesthetics – colour, texture, pattern, form and perception.

3.1.2 The landscape character types (LCTs) and Landscape Character Areas

(LCAs) within the study area from National to County level are shown on Table 1. The main features of the landscape of the study area and Borough Landscape Character Types are shown on Figure 2.

3.2 National Landscape Context 3.2.1 At the national level (National Character Map of England, Natural England,

2013) the North East Norfolk & Flegg National Character Area (NCA 79). To the south and west is The Broads (NCA 80).


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3.2.2 The North East Norfolk and Flegg NCA is a settled landscape of small

nucleated and dispersed villages and isolated farmsteads linked by a dense network of lanes. Fields are small to medium in size. There are high hedges and prominent hedgerow trees inland. Flint churches are prominent within the landscape. Strong vernacular style of domestic and agricultural buildings is made from flint and red brick. Roofs are commonly Norfolk reed thatch or pantiles. Tourist development along the coast includes red brick bungalows.

3.2.3 The Broads NCA is predominantly an area of fens and marshes around

extensive areas of open water, comprising wet, low lying former peat workings, river channels, reed swamp, fen, carr woods, drained grazing marsh and some arable cultivation. Settlements lie on higher ground. Tourist villages with no cohesive vernacular character are very crowded in summer. Important landscape features are windpumps and isolated farmhouses with field gates, cattle, willow pollards and reed fringed ditches. There is a contrast between the Broads, which is concealed from their surroundings by carr wood, and extensive views across rivers and marshes. It is remote and isolated with a limited road system, but extensive footpaths and boat access.

Table 1: Hierarchy of Landscape Character Types and Landscape Character Areas National (National Character Area Map of England, 2013): NCA 79: North East Norfolk & Flegg NCA 80: The Broads

Regional (East of England Landscape Typology, 2010): Lowland Settled Farmland Broadland Marshes

Coastal Dunes

Borough (Great Yarmouth Borough Landscape Character Assessment, 2008):

Borough (Broads Authority Landscape Character Assessment):

G: Settled Farmland 25: Lower Bure Arable Marshlands G3: Ormesby & Filby settled farmland

3.3 Regional Landscape Context 3.3.1 At the regional level (East of England Landscape Typology, Landscape East),

the area around Caister-on-Sea comprises a number of different LCTs. The site lies within the Lowland Settled Farmlands, a character type consisting of a settled agricultural landscape, often found around the coastal fringes. The landform is low-lying with a gently rolling topography predominantly associated with river valleys and adjoining areas of gently rolling ground.

3.3.2 The land use is predominantly arable with occasional damp meadows on

lower ground in the river valleys. There exists an extensive network of hedged and occasionally sunken lanes with field forms being generally medium sized and sinuous, but rectilinear patterns are also common in places, reflecting more planned, surveyor enclosures. There are also numerous small


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parklands, widespread groups of trees and occasional ancient woodlands. The complex mosaic of wooded and tree lined vistas result in a generally more enclosed landscape, in places giving rise to an intimate character.

3.3.3 Here, rural settlement is dense and clustered with a mixture of riverside

towns, small nucleated villages/hamlets and many individual farms. There are limited urban fringe influences in this landscape.

3.3.4 To the south of the site lies the Broadland Marshes, a level low-lying wetland landscape that supports a pastoral land use, associated with notable watercourses, extensive areas of grazing marshes and frequent patches of Carr woodland and reedbed.

3.3.5 Historically this landscape was an estuarine, which has now been settled for at least 1000 years. As such the enclosure pattern is formed by water filled dykes, which have a mixture of very early sinuous channels derived from natural creeks and planned rectilinear forms, mainly associated with enclosures during the 18th and 19th centuries. This landscape is open with limited tree cover, being restricted to patches of Carr woodland around the edges of the area. However, lines of pollarded willows are a notable feature along the few roads that cross the Broads.

3.3.6 Traditionally the landscape is unsettled aside from isolated marsh farm sites and drainage mill complexes along the main watercourses. Farmsteads are dotted around the edge of the marshes.

3.3.7 In the east of the site lies the Coastal Dunes, consisting of narrow stretches of open, rolling sand dunes and shingle ridges, adjoining wide, expansive and windswept beaches, in places backed by fringes of pine woods. Despite these pine plantations creating features in places, the area is generally unwooded.

3.3.8 This semi-natural landscape lacks formal enclosure. Some dune grassland was historically utilised for rough grazing, but much of the area has been subject to continuous coastal movements in the historical period. Although largely unsettled, this landscape includes former military sites, a nuclear power station and the expansion of adjoining coastal settlements.

3.4 Borough Landscape Context 3.4.1 At the Borough Level (Great Yarmouth Borough Character Assessment) the

study area sits within the transition between the Great Yarmouth Borough landscape character assessment and The Broads Authority landscape character assessment. The site lies within the landscape character area of the Settled Farmland (G) as described within the Great Yarmouth Assessment. With the Dunes, Coastal Levels and Resorts character area to the east, beyond the urban area of Caister-on-Sea. To the south lies to LCA of Lower Bure Arable Marshlands (25) as outlined within the Broads Authority Assessment.

Great Yarmouth Borough Landscape Character Assessment (2008) 3.4.2 The site is situated within the landscape character type of the Settled

Farmlands, the characteristics of which include:


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A low lying, gently undulating landform, with topography ranging from 10-20m AOD;

The influence of minor estates and associated architecture, farms and landscape management is apparent to varying degrees;

Landscape fabric and pattern reflects Parliamentary Enclosure although the density and intactness of field boundary vegetation is variable, with intensive arable cultivation often apparent; and

Subtle landform variation and variable density of field boundaries often result in wide panoramic views, although this varies;

Considerable indivisibility is available to vertical strictures such as wind turbines and to a lesser extent coastal landscape types and seascapes;

The wet woodlands of the Broads often form the backdrop to character areas within this type, and the areas similarly form a setting to the Broads;

Strongly settled character, defined both by compact traditional hamlets and estate villages and by expanded/linked coastal fringe villages; and

A landscape type of highly variable tranquillity and perceptual attributes due to the character of settlement edges, the presence of structures such as wind turbines and infrastructure.

3.4.3 The LCT of the settled farmland is separated into five specific landscape

character areas. The site is situated within G3: Ormesby and Filby Settled Farmland, an arable landscape located in the north eastern part of Great Yarmouth Borough, with the boundaries defined by the Broads Authority Area to the north and west, by the settlements of Hemsby and Scratby and isolated areas of coastal Crag Cliffs and dunes to the east, and by the Broads Authority boundary to the south. The ley characteristics include:

A gently undulating landform; Low lying topography varies from 10-15m AOD throughout the

character area, terminating in the low coastal cliffs and sand dunes; Landcover is principally that if arable agriculture, with a medium scale

rectilinear field pattern defined by blackthorn dominated Enclosure hedgerows of variable density, with occasional hedgerow oaks;

Views are often panoramic, albeit contained by the carr woodlands of the Broads, which often form the backdrop, although there are few views from within the Broads due to the wooded edge;

Vertical elements such as church towers and wind turbines are visually prominent in an otherwise simple landscape;

An exposed, open character towards the coast, although the perceived influence of the coast is often masked by the pattern of settlement to this edge;

The character are is fringed by and forms the landscape setting of the Broads, which are internationally designated for their nature conservation and wetland interest and which provide local landscape variation;

Outside of the relatively densely populated and coalesced settlement associated with the coast, is a sparsely settled, tranquil landscape with occasional compact villages and scattered farmsteads;

The wooded backdrop of the Broads creates a sense of heighted tranquillity and wildness, in additional to textural variation in an otherwise often monotonous arable landscape; and


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A medium to large scale agricultural landscape of simple composition, and exposed quality, albeit with some containment provided by wooded skyline and more intermittently by field boundary hedgerows and trees.

3.4.4 Due to the comparatively sparse land cover across much of the area, views

are often panoramic and punctuated by vertical elements such as church towers and wind turbines. Views are however often set against the wooded backdrop of the Broads and associated alder carrs. The partly eroded field pattern results in a landscape which is only semi enclosed and often of medium to large scale.

3.4.5 This is a landscape of simple composition with a repetitive pattern of

rectilinear arable fields and associated boundaries creating relatively little textural variation. Overall the landscape is rural with a tranquil character away from areas of settlement, although this quality if markedly reduced to the edges of the larger settlements due to settlement edge influences.

3.4.6 The following features are considered to be key sensitivities or provide positive features which are fundamental to the character of the landscape:

Areas where a more open coastal edge remains between settlements; Remaining field boundary hedgerows and hedgerow/field trees, which

indicate the Enclosure landscape pattern; Areas where a smaller scale field pattern persists (and which has not

been lost to later agricultural intensification, often near settlements), which indicates early Enclosure patterns;

Areas of historic parkland and remnant parkland features such as avenues, lodges and estate walls which illustrate the cultural pattern and former significant estate influence within the character area;

Compact, nucleated settlement pattern, with wooded settlement edges often evident;

Surviving small scale farm woodlands/coverts, which again indicate the historic pattern of Enclosure and potentially provide local value for biodiversity and habitat connectivity;

The interface with the wooded wetlands of the Broads, which provides localised landscape texture and a variety in what is otherwise a simple and often monotonous landscape; and

Church towers, which provide foci for the few areas of settlement within the character area.

3.4.7 Key visual sensitivities within this LCA include views to the wooded backdrop

of the Broads, for which the character area forms part of the setting. Views to church towers, which articulate and punctuate the skyline, are another key visual sensitivity. There is considerable indivisibility with the individual wind turbine at Somerton and the Blood Hills Windfarm within the East Flegg Settled Farmland Character Area, in addition to the tips of the off shore windfarm at Scroby Sands. The comparatively minor landform variation and the areas of field boundary loss create an exposed, visually open and sensitive landscape at points. Open views to the California Cliffs and coastal edge from within the character area are another key visual sensitivity.

3.4.8 This is a managed and productive agricultural landscape which is largely

under arable cultivation, with localised areas of pasture, horse grazing and


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paddocks. Surviving field boundary hedgerows and hedgerow oaks provide a sense of the historic Enclosure landscape pattern, in addition to the potential for wildlife corridors and networks. Edge influences such as paddocks and abrupt settlement edges erode the character and quality of the local landscape although the more compact settlements such as Ormesby St Margaret demonstrate densely wooded edges which relate to the historic parkland setting.

3.4.9 The primary strategic objectives for the character area encompass the reinforcement of existing hedgerow planting with appropriate native species and reinstatement of hedgerow trees to ensure continuity of structural landscape features. Conserve simple wooded skylines and the role of the landscape as the setting of the Broads, in addition to conserving the wooded wetlands which form part of the setting for the Broadland landscape. Enhancement of field boundary margins should be further considered to provide opportunities for visual and habitat connectivity.

3.4.10 In relation to development primary aims should be to ensure that settlement edges are porous/transitional in character, using vernacular materials and native structure planting to integrate with their landscape setting. Mass screen planting would not be appropriate in this intermittently vegetated agricultural landscape.

3.4.11 To the east of the site is the Dunes, Coastal Levels and Resorts LCT, a landscape with the following key characteristics:

Low topography, ranging from sea level to 10-15m AOD to coastal cliffs;

Stable dune systems, dune heaths and grasses and grazing marshes are characteristic features of the landscape type;

Artificial coastlines created by coastal defences and sea walls are a distinctive feature associated with settled parts of the coast;

Extensive panoramic views along the coastlines often include views of offshore wind farms; and

Views inland are often of a more contained character due to the backdrop provided by coastal settlement and resort development.

3.4.12 This LCT is separated into two LCA’s; that in close proximity to the site is E2:

Great Yarmouth Coastal Strip. The Great Yarmouth Coastal Strip character area extends from Caister-on-Sea to Great Yarmouth seafront towards the harbour entrance and also considers the strip of the coast between Gorleston and Corton, straddling the District boundary. It is defined by the extent of coastal dunes and beaches. Key characteristics include:

Landform is flat and ranges from 0m AOD along the coastline to 15m AOD inland, the manmade promenade creates an artificial level change;

Views are panoramic, stretching far along the coastline with the Scroby Sands offshore wind farm dominating seaward views;

Recreational resort and residential development forms the backdrop to views inland (including caravan parks at Caister-on-Sea and Hopton-on-Sea;

Evidence of erosion and resultant methods of prevention demonstrate the ephemeral character, affected by weather processes and rides;


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A strong sense of place is created by the presence of terns, waders and sea gulls, and associated noise, along the shoreline, as is the presence of seals on the beach;

A landscape of simple horizons and big skies. Continual change is provided by the effects of varying light and tidal movement, creating a dynamic landscape; and

A landscape of simple horizons and big skies. 3.4.13 Great Yarmouth promenade forms much of the backdrop to the character

area with development associated with tourism and recreation. Victorian and Regency architecture remains a dominant style but has been greatly altered as a result of the tourism industry. Residential and resort development also extends along much of the length of the character area. The settlement of Caister-on-Sea (of Roman origin) lies north of Great Yarmouth and remains separate from the town.

3.4.14 In terms of visual elements the Scroby Sands windfarm forms a prominent

feature of panoramic seaward views and add to an on-going sense of movement and activity. Skyline features resulting from resort development such as roller coasters and piers also form strong elements if views inland at Great Yarmouth and along the coastline towards Lowestoft. Furthermore, open land between settlements provides glimpses of the coast and seascape. However, visibility if limited due to inland obstructions such as roadside hedges.

3.4.15 The following are judged to be key sensitivities or provide features which are fundamental to the character of the landscape:

Dunes and beaches provide a valuable buffer between the sea and inland areas acting as a key flood defence as well as supporting a range of habitats; and

The open rural gaps between settlements are important landscape features and help to retain the identity of individual settlements.

3.4.16 The primary objectives for the character area are to conserve and enhance

existing habitats associated with remaining dunes, sands and the coastal character. Open areas and views of the seascape and shoreline should also be conserved.

3.4.17 With regards to considerations in relation to development it is deemed

necessary to conserve remaining open views towards the coast / seascape, in particular open coastal areas between settlements.

3.4.18 To the south of the site is the Local Character Area 25: Bure Valley – Lower Bure Arable Marshlands, within the Broads Authority Landscape character Assessment discussed above (para 3.4.1). The key characteristics of this landscape include:

The valley floor and part of the valet side of the northern Lower Bure floodplain and crosses over The Bure. The floodplain area is located at approximately 1m AOD with settlement located on the valley side at around 5m AOD;

The area is a large, open expanse; Drainage mills are a feature repeatedly views from this area;


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Land use on both the valley floor and valley sides is predominantly arable;

Settlement is predominantly isolated farmsteads, located along the higher ground to the north; and

The built development of Great Yarmouth and Caister-on-Sea detract from any sense of remoteness.

3.4.19 There are considerable visual impacts from built development at Great

Yarmouth and Caister-on-Sea at the eastern edge of this area. Closer to Great Yarmouth the landscape pattern has been eroded due to urban fringe development and the industrial estate at Paddy’s Loke. A number of deteriorating buildings are also existent in Caister. Despite this, variation in pattern is provided by the backdrop of wooded tributary valley on higher ground at Caister castle. This contrasts with the predominantly simple marsh landscape of the area.

3.4.20 Visually the area is contained by the rising valley sides to the north, where

only a small part of the adjacent character area is visible due to the rising topography. The skylines remain relatively undeveloped within the area due to the presence of open marsh and arable cultivation, although built development at Caister-on-Sea and Great Yarmouth forms part of horizons to the east, with associated features such as the water tower. Locally, drainage mills are a distinctive feature of the low-lying largely flat undeveloped skyline as is Caister Castle and remains which also creates a focus in many views.

3.5 Settlement Character 3.5.1 Caister-on-Sea is an historic coastal destination. Its history dates back from

Roman times, Faden’s 1797 Map identifies a number of landscape features that make reference o historical processes that have affected the evolution of the coast and seascape, notably batteries and forts which once formed part of the coastal defence system but these no longer or partially exist.

3.5.2 In the 19th Century settlements grew from small isolated fishing villages reliant

on the herring industry to holiday resorts. The popularity of the coast continued throughout the 20th century through the expansion of holiday resorts, notably through large caravan sites often occurring between larger settlements such as Caister-on-Sea.

3.5.3 In the locality of the site there is limited reference to historic vernacular styles,

materials and architectural design. Old maps show significant expansion of the fishing village between 1957 and 1968 north of the Holy Trinity Church off Norwich Road. Residential development, east of the site, east of the Caister by-pass, is estate like in layout and consists of two storey dwellings with limited reference to historic styles. Materials consist of brick, render and occasional colour wash with pantile roofs.

3.5.4 To reflect these surrounding estate-like developments it is considered that the

site has potentially to create an urban extension to Caister-on-Sea and could yield 436 units at 30dph whilst maximising on appropriate range of dwelling types for this area.


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3.6 Site Description 3.6.1 The site is situated on the western edge of Caister-on-Sea and is bordered to

the east by the Caister by-pass. The southern boundary is defined by Norwich Road and a track which extends along the western boundary to Nova Scotia Farm. The northern boundary is delineated by an existing hedgerow.

3.6.2 The area incorporates a large scale agricultural field associated with Nova

Scotia Farm. To the east, the boundary that adjoins the Caister by-pass, is formed by a 3m high native hedge. Beyond the by-pass residential development fronts on to the road at varying distances and angles.

3.6.3 To the south and west the site adjoins an access track to Nova Scotia Farm.

A mature hedgerow with hedgerow trees and scrubby undergrowth flanks the access track, forming the site boundary. Along the western boundary there are also two gaps in this vegetation to allow for access onto the agricultural land.

3.6.4 To the north the boundary is defined by an existing hedgerow and hedgerow

trees, there is also an existing gap at the north eastern boundary to allow access from the Caister by-pass.

3.6.5 The field boundaries in the area have shown significant modification since the

late 19th Century, with substantial boundary alteration or loss to the east to accommodate the expansion of the town. The site was part of a larger agricultural field that was reduced to allow for the construction of the Caister by-pass.

3.6.6 With regards to the character of the surrounding landscape the site contains

features that reflect the key characteristics of the area, but also consists of others that conflict with the norm. These features include:

Characteristic features A partly eroded field pattern which results in a landscape which is

often medium to large in scale; A gently undulating landform; Remaining field boundary hedgerows and hedgerow trees that indicate

Enclosure patterns; and, Land cover is predominantly arable agriculture with a rectilinear field

pattern. Un-characteristic features

Throughout the area views are often panoramic, however at the lower parts of the site views out are contained by the boundary hedgerows; and

There is an open, exposed character, however due to the remaining hedgerow and vegetation at the boundaries there is a sense of enclosure within the site.

3.7 Landscape Receptors 3.7.1 Caister-on-Sea lies on rising ground from the coast in the east to the plateau

of the settled farmlands in the west. The various landscape types comprise a number of different landscape types that reflect the local topography, soils, vegetation and settlement patterns.


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3.7.2 The Landscape Character Assessments highlight the following landscape attributes that are important to the area:

Wider Landscape: o Remaining field boundary hedgerows and hedgerow / field trees,

which indicate an earlier enclosure landscape; o Surviving small scale farm woodlands / coverts which again

indicate the historic pattern of Enclosure and potentially provide local value for biodiversity and habitat connectivity;

o The comparatively minor landform variation and the areas of field boundary loss which create an exposed, visually open and sensitive landscape at points;

o Simple wooded skylines and the role of the landscape as a setting for the Broads; and

o Open views towards the coast / seascape, in particular open coastal areas between settlements.

Townscape and Setting: o The expansion of the town predominantly north of Norwich Road; o Development constrained by the Caister by-pass; o The agricultural approach to the east; o Settlement forms the horizon in views across the landscape to the

east o The open fields on the plateau that provide the setting to the town

as a whole and views across the landscape from the edge of the plateau to east; and

o Views to the water tower as a prominent landmark and feature within the town skyline.

3.7.3 In the locality of the site the following aspects are detracting features: Modern suburban residential development east of the Caister by-pass

and site; Limited reference to vernacular styles and materials in modern

residential areas; Extensive modification of field pattern during the 19th century; and Overhead electricity lines and pylons which cross the site from north to

south. 3.7.4 Within the site important landscape attributes are limited to the existing

vegetation at the north, eastern, southern and western boundaries. Existing vegetation includes hedgerows, hedgerow trees and scrub, particularly at the southern boundary. As a result of 19th century residential development there is scope to improve the transition to the settlement edge from the wider environment.

3.7.5 This modern suburban residential development of high density creates an

abrupt settlement edge in the context of the surrounding agricultural landscape. Therefore, there are opportunities to re-establish an appropriate settlement edge through suitable built form and planting to the western boundary.

3.7.6 The town of Caister-on-Sea forms a discernible settlement on the horizon

within an otherwise agricultural landscape with dispersed farmsteads. In accordance with the Borough landscape guidelines there is potential for development to extend further west on the plateau providing there is continuity of the structural landscape features, such as simple wooded


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skylines and hedgerows with hedgerow trees that define field boundaries. Current features within the site do not create visually prominent elements from within the wider landscape, limiting potential effects on views. However, any settlement edge create by new development should be integrated into the surrounding countryside as part of appropriate mitigation and enhancement measures informed by local landscape character.

4.0 VISUAL ANALYSIS 4.1 Visual Envelope 4.1.1 The visual envelope demonstrates the extent of potential visibility to or from

the site and development area. The approximate visibility of land at Nova Scotia Farm, Caister-on-Sea is demonstrated in Figure 3 and representative views 1-23 on Figures 4-19.

4.1.2 The location of the site, the local topography, vegetation and existing

buildings result in the visual envelope extending north to Caister Broiler Farm, Due to the residential development to the east of the site views are limited in this direction. Extensive existing vegetation at the southern and western boundaries also limits views to and out of the site in the near distance. Glimpsed or filtered views to site are possible from areas of high ground to the east along with the viewing platform at Caister Castle Scheduled Ancient Monument.

4.2 Representative Views 4.2.1 Within the study area a number of representative views of the site have been

selected according to distance, the degree of visibility, the nature of the view and the anticipated number or type of potential receptors. All the photographs were taken in late spring and demonstrate the degree of visibility of the site when vegetation is most prominent. Visibility will be higher in winter.

4.2.2 Near Distance Views From within the site views across the surrounding landscape vary depending

on topography and intervening vegetation. From the southern boundary views out are limited due to extensive hedgerows, hedgerow trees and vegetation at all boundaries. Glimpsed views are possible to the rooftops of residential development east of the Caister by-pass and the rooftop of Nova Scotia Farm. The water tower within the town is a prominent feature above the hedgerow, with the overhead lines within the site creating a detracting feature (Views 1 & 2).

4.2.2 In views west across the site, from the eastern boundary, the site appears

enclosed by the existing boundary vegetation. However, the tower of Caister Castle Scheduled Ancient Monument can be seen above the hedgerow at the western boundary (View 3). A gap in vegetation at the western boundary allows access to the site; from here views across the landscape are possible. Caister Castle and the surrounding boundary wall are visible as are street light associated with the A149 (Norwich Road) along with residential development at Filby Heath (View 5).

4.2.3 From the western boundary views are possible to the rooftops of residential

development east of the Caister by-pass. Long distance, insignificant views


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are also possible to settlement within Great Yarmouth. The water tower creates a prominent feature in this view (Views 4 & 6).

4.2.4 In the locality of the site there are varying approach toads into Caister-on-Sea. To the south the A149 (Norwich Road) runs parallel to an existing track providing access to Nova Scotia Farm. Views to site are limited due to the existing hedgerow at the western and southern boundaries (View 7). To the south east of the site a roundabout taking traffic in and out of the town. From here views to site are limited due to the extensive vegetation at the site boundaries. However another entrance to the track to the south of the site is discernible (View 8).

4.2.5 To the east of the site is a residential development, from within this built environment in views to the site are limited by a combination of housing, vegetation associated with private gardens and the existing hedgerow to the eastern boundary of the site (Views 9 & 10).

4.2.6 Caister-on-Sea contains two Scheduled Ancient Monuments. To the east of the site is the Caister Roman Fort and Saxon Settlement and to the south west is Caister Castle. The Roman Fort and Saxon Settlement was built around in the late 1900’s to provide residential development. As such from this viewpoint existing development limited views to site (View 11). Caister Castle is a moated site with a boundary wall. From a viewing platform at the top of the castle tower views are across a predominantly agricultural landscape, however, existing development within Caister-on-Sea creates an abrupt settlement edge in these views (View 12). Within the moated grounds of the castle views to the wider environment are not possible due to the boundary wall, although the water tower creates a notable feature above the wall (View 13).

4.2.7 Various roads and footpaths extend to the south of the site. The degree of visibility of the site from these areas vary depending on topography, vegetation and distance. Although the water tower creates a prominent and constant feature in these views the site is not a discernible feature, resulting in any views of new development being seen in the context of the existing built form (Views 14 & 15).

4.2.8 To the west various roads and Public Rights of Way also extend from the site. Views towards the site are once again determined by the surrounding topography and vegetation. At varying points along the A1064 (Main Road) the extent of visibility is primarily dependant on topography. Views are possible to the plantation surrounding Nova Scotia Farm; however the farmhouse itself is not discernible, with existing development within Caister-on-Sea only forming a minor component of the view. Wind turbines at Scroby Sands off shore wind farm create a feature on the horizon with the water tower prominent in these views (Views 16 & 17).

4.2.9 At different points along Nova Scotia Road the site is not discernible due to the topography, distance and vegetation such as Chapman’s Plantation (View 19). However, in closer proximity to the site the tower of Caister Castle is visible on high ground (View 18).


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4.2.10 Further west, from Ormesby Lane, the water tower is visible beyond the plantation at Nova Scotia Farm. However, at this distance existing residential development to the east of the site is not discernible, resulting in any new development also unlikely to be visible (View 20).

4.2.11 To the north, from Caister by-pass, the hedgerow that defines the eastern boundary is evident. However, views are not possible over this to other features within the locality of the site (View 21). Despite this, from Yarmouth Road views are possible across the agricultural landscape to the plantation associated with Nova Scotia Farm. As such it can be assumed that any views of new development may be possible from this viewpoint (View 22).

4.2.12 Further north, from California Road, the site is not discernible above existing vegetation and residential development within Caister-on-Sea and off Scratby Road. Although the water tower, creates a feature in the view (View 23).

4.2 Visual Receptors

4.3.1 The following residents and local people (in no particular order) are potential receptors of visual effects:

Residential and other properties: o Residential development east of the Caister by-pass; o Nova Scotia Farm; o Nova Scotia cottages; and, o Residential development off Yarmouth Road.

Road Users: o Caister by-pass; o A149 (Norwich Road); o A1064 (Main Road); o Norwich Road; and, o Nova Scotia Road.

Other Areas: o Visitors to the tower of Caister Castle.

Public footpaths: o Users of the local right of way network from Caister-on-Sea

4.3.2 In visual terms, the most important aspects of the site are:

Highly vegetated boundaries; Existing views out to Caister Castle tower; The potential to establish an appropriate settlement edge; Limited near distance views; and Middle to long distance views to the west across the relatively flat

landscape to the water tower, east of the site 5.0 LANDSCAPE STRATEGY


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5.1 General 5.1.1 The landscape strategy and associated recommendations take into account

local landscape and settlement character and associated guidelines, along with the visibility of the site. The aims of the landscape strategy are to minimise potential effects and integrate opportunities for enhancement to ensure that the development is integrated into the existing settlement and surrounding landscape.

5.1.2 The landscape strategy was informed by the findings of the landscape,

ecological and arboricultural surveys. The recommendations are prioritised into two phases:

Layout Principles – recommendations to be incorporated at the masterplan stage; and

Detailed Design Principles – recommendations to be considered during the detailed design and construction phases.

5.1.3 The principles are demonstrated on the accompanying Landscape Strategy

drawing JBA 14/50-SK01. 5.2 Masterplan Principles 5.2.1 The following principles are recommended as part of the masterplan to

reduce the potential effects on landscape character and visual amenity and integrate the development into the landscape:

The western boundary of the site should establish a new settlement edge, positively designed to provide a transition between the village and the surrounding countryside, enhancing landscape character and existing views and creating a continuous green corridor for wildlife. The new development should include a combination of a native hedgerow, native hedgerow trees and incidental trees in conjunction with open space, with planting used to define the settlement boundary and frame views of buildings on the town fringe. Proposed houses should be set back from the agricultural land to the west, creating a permeable settlement edge and allowing views between the development and open space, above the existing planting belt at the western boundary.

The layout should create a landscape dominated and semi- rural settlement edge.

Houses should be set back from the southern boundary to allow for the retention of the existing hedgerow that currently limits views across the site. The existing hedgerow should be retained and enhanced by new native tree planting to soften and integrate the development in long distance views from the higher ground to the west.

Existing vegetation (trees and hedgerows) around the site boundaries should be retained where possible and enhanced with new planting. The masterplan should ensure that development is set outside of the root protection areas of existing trees.

Residential areas should reflect the existing settlement form with development (where possible) fronting on to roads with small front gardens. Buildings should generally be two storeys. Two and a half


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storey properties could be used to define a key space or focal point, such as at the entrance to the development. The masterplan should establish streets and spaces of varying character.

Space should be provided within the built form for strategic and incidental tree planting. New tree planting should be used throughout the development within the public and private realm to reinforce existing vegetation and integrate the development into its urban edge surroundings in views from the surrounding landscape. Such trees could include a mix of ornamental species (deciduous and evergreen), with large-scale native trees of skyline impact within larger spaces and to define focal points. Tree planting along the northern and western boundaries should be used to soften views from the open agricultural land and historical assets such as Caister Castle.

The masterplan should incorporate a pedestrian route linking residents through the development to surrounding facilities and amenities. Any proposed access should use any existing gaps in vegetation and access to the field at the eastern and western boudaries.

The quantity of public open space provided should be in accordance with local policies, unless otherwise agreed.

5.3 Detailed Design Principles 5.3.1 The following recommendations should be considered during the detailed

design and construction phases of the development: The detailed design and elevations of buildings should be informed by

local vernacular styles and materials (or their modern equivalents) to reinforce local distinctiveness and integrate the development in views from the west, including heritage assets such as Caister Castle.

Exterior lighting should be carefully designed in accordance with British Standards and Codes of Practice. Given the location bordering open landscape to the north and west, consideration should be given to the location of lighting, light source and the type of luminaires to ensure that the effects of light pollution and sky glow are kept to a minimum. Lighting columns should be considerately placed and orientated away from the edges of to the site, with a maximum mounting height of 6m and use full cut off luminaires to ensure that no light is emitted above the horizontal.

No construction of buildings, hard surfaces or services should take place within root protection areas of retained vegetation unless suitable mitigation measures are employed. The root protection areas should be protected throughout the course of the development in accordance with an agreed Arboricultural Method Statement.

All open spaces areas should be multi-functional providing opportunities for informal recreation, play, sustainable drainage and wildlife habitats.

Information should be submitted to demonstrate the proposed hard and soft landscape. Details of planting should include proposed plant species, planting specification and a management plan for open space and strategic landscape to ensure successful the establishment and maintenance of strategic vegetation. This can be successfully addressed and monitored by a condition of the planning consent.


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All structural and open space planting should use native species (of local provenance where possible); refer to the National History Museum Postcode Plant Database (Appendix 3). The size of plant stock should provide some immediate impact in key areas and in particular along site boundaries.

6.0 CONCLUSION 6.1 General 6.1.1 This report assesses the landscape character and visibility of the potential

development site at Nova Scotia Farm, Caister-on-Sea and the key landscape principles to be considered as part of the development masterplan.

6.1.2 Caister-on-Sea is identified within the Core Strategy as a Key Service Centre

with the ability to accommodate development to meet local housing needs. The town has been highlighted as having the ability to accommodate approximately 30% of the new development within the Borough.

6.1.3 It is important that the growth and development of Casiter-on-Sea is

sustainable, ensuring new development is of a scale and location that compliments the character and supports the function of the settlement. This will ensure distinctive places that embrace high quality urban design that responds to local characteristics, and protects biodiversity, unique landscapes, built character and historic environment.

6.1.4 With regards to both landscape and settlement character the Great Yarmouth

Borough Landscape Character Assessment (2008) highlights the key characteristics of the landscape in which the site is situated. The site is situated within the Ormesby and Filby Settled Farmland Character Area and is characterised by a gently undulating landform that principally consists of arable agriculture. The medium to large scale agricultural landscape is of simple composition with some containment provided by a wooded skyline and more intermittently by field boundary hedgerows and trees. Views within this LCA are often panoramic, albeit constrained by the carr woodlands of The Broads. Vertical elements such as wind turbines are visually prominent in this otherwise simple landscape. In the case of the site at Pointers East the water tower within the town creates a prominent feature in many views, both in the near, middle and long distance.

6.1.5 The following features are considered to be key sensitivities or positive features which are fundamental to the character of the landscape. Therefore, in relation to the site, the primary aims should be:

Retain boundary hedgerows and hedgerow trees; Reinforce the existing hedgerows at the boundaries to ensure

continuity of structural landscape features; Make reference to the characteristic medium to large scale rectilinear

size and shape of fields; The abrupt settlement edge of Caister-on-Sea erodes the character

and quality of the local landscape, particularly when viewed from heritage assets such as Caister Castle. This could be mitigated through appropriate landscape design at the western boundary; and,

Ensure the settlement edge is transitional, using vernacular materials and native structure planting to integrate within the landscape setting.


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Mass screening would not be appropriate in this intermittently vegetated agricultural landscape.

6.1.6 The site lies to the west of Caister-on-Sea, adjacent to the Caister by-pass to

the east and the A149 (Norwich Road) to the south. The western boundary is defined by a track that provides access to Nova Scotia Farm from the A149 (Norwich Road). To the north the boundary is delineated by an existing 3m native hedgerow. A hedgerow also flanks the eastern, southern and western boundaries. The area is currently in agricultural use and forms a small part of the wider agricultural landscape of the settled farmlands to the west. Overhead lines cross the site from north to south and create a visually detracting feature.

6.1.7 Views to site are limited in the near distance due to the existing mature

hedgerow, hedgerow trees and scrub at the boundaries, although glimpsed views are possible to the rooftops of adjoining residential development east of the by-pass. The site gradually rises from south to north, from areas of high ground long distance, insignificant views, are possible above the existing boundary vegetation to settlement on the fringes of Great Yarmouth. The extent of visibility of the site from the surrounding landscape varies with topography, distance and vegetation. In the majority of views features on site are not discernible however the exisintg development within Caister-on-Sea creates an abrupt settlement edge on the horizon from some viewpoints. However, new development will be seen in the context of the surrounding built form. The extent of which any development will be visible will depend on the height of proposed buildings in relation to the existing surrounding vegetation.

6.1.8 To minimise any localised landscape and visual effect, it is important that the

landscape strategy is informed by the landscape and settlement character and existing views. The key aspects of the strategy set out in this report include the retention and enhancement of the existing landscape structure and incorporating this into a network of green infrastructure that links the development with the surrounding countryside; using appropriate layout and design of proposed residential areas to reinforce the local distinctiveness; integrating the development into the surrounding landscape by appropriate structural planting with associated management; and setting development back from the western boundary to allow for an appropriate transition between the surrounding countryside and built development and to also integrate the settlement edge of Caister-on-Sea in views from the wider environment, including heritage assets such as Caister Castle, improving the existing abrupt settlement edge.

6.1.9 It is concluded that development on this site will not significantly effect the

landscape character or visual amenity of the area if the recommended landscape strategy is implicated as part of the development masterplan.


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FIGURES


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APPENDICES


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APPENDIX 1 – SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Ordnance Survey maps (1:25000 Explorer Series); Historic Ordnance Survey maps; Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (MAGIC)

(http://magic.defra.gov.uk/); The National Heritage List for England, English Heritage (http://list.english-

heritage.org.uk/mapsearch.aspx); National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), Department for Communities

and Local Government (DCLG), (March 2012); Local Plan: Core Strategy (September 2013); Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA); Countryside Character Volume 6: East of England National Character Area

(NCA) 79: North East Norfolk & Flegg, NCA 80: The Broads, and NCA 82: Suffolk Coast and Haths (Natural England);

East of England Landscape Framework Landscape Typology (http://landscape-east.org.uk/), (Landscape East);

Great Yarmouth Borough Council Landscape Character Assessment (2008); and

Postcode Plants Database www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/plants-fungi/postcode-plants/ (Natural History Museum).

http://magic.defra.gov.uk/

http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/mapsearch.aspx

http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/mapsearch.aspx

http://landscape-east.org.uk/

http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/plants-fungi/postcode-plants/

http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/plants-fungi/postcode-plants/


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APPENDIX 2 – GLOSSARY Analysis (Landscape) The process of breaking the landscape down into its component parts to understand how it is made up. Assessment (Landscape) An umbrella term for description, classification and analysis of landscape. Classification A process of sorting the landscape into different types or character areas using selected criteria but without attaching relative values to the different kinds of landscape. Countryside The rural environment and its associated communities. Diversity Where a variety of qualities or characteristic occurs. Element A component part of the landscape (e.g. roads, hedges, woods). Enhancement Landscape improvement through restoration, reconstruction or creation. Environment Our physical surroundings including air, water and land. Field pattern The pattern of hedges and walls that define fields in farmed landscapes. Heritage Historical or cultural associations. Landcover Combinations of land use and vegetation that cover the land surface. Landform Combinations of slope and elevation that produce the shape and form of the land. Landscape Human perception of the land conditioned by knowledge and identity with place. Landscape character The distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occurs consistently in a particular type of landscape, and how this is perceived by people. Usually referenced to a place or area, landscape character reflects particular combinations of geology, landform, soils, vegetation, land use and human settlement. It creates the particular sense of place of different areas of the landscape. Landscape character type A landscape character type will have broadly similar patterns of geology, landform, soils, vegetation, land use, settlement and field pattern nationwide. Not referenced to place i.e. open moorland. Landscape effects Change in the elements, characteristics, character and quality of the landscape as a result of development. Effects may be positive or negative. Landscape feature A prominent eye-catching element, for example church spire or hilltop. Landscape quality (or condition) Is based on judgements about the physical state of the landscape and about its intactness, from visual, functional and ecological perspectives. It also reflects the state of repair of individual features and elements, which make up the character in any one place. Landscape resource The combination of elements that contribute to landscape context, character and value. Landscape sensitivity The extent to which a landscape can accept change of a particular type and scale without unacceptable adverse effects on its character. Land use The primary use of land, including both rural and urban activities. Methodology The scientific approach and techniques used for the study. Mitigation Measures including any process, activity or design to avoid, reduce or compensate for adverse landscape and visual effects of a development project. Perception (of landscape) The psychology of seeing and possibly attaching value and/or meaning (to the landscape). Receptor Physical landscape resource, special interest or viewer group that will experience the effect. Sense of place The essential character and spirit of an area: genius loci literally meaning ‘spirit of place.’ Sustainability The principle that the environment should be protected in such a condition and to such a degree that ensures new development needs the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, Visual amenity The value of a particular area or view in terms of what is seen. Visual effect Change in the appearance of the landscape as a result of development. This can be positive (i.e. beneficial or an improvement) or negative (i.e. adverse or a detraction). Visual envelope Extent of potential visibility to or from a specific area or feature. Worst-case situation/scenario Principle applied where the environmental effects may vary, for example, seasonally to ensure that the most sever potential effect is assessed. Zone of visual influence Area within which a proposed development may have an influence or effect visual amenity,


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APPENDIX 3 – POSTCODE PLANT DATABASE (NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM) The following list species are species are local to the site (postcode district IP13) and are suitable for inclusion within strategic infrastructure planting (refer also to ecological and arboricultural reports):

Form Common Name Latin Name

Large Shrub or Alder Buckthorn Frangula alnus Small Tree Almond Willow Salix triandra Bird Cherry Prunus padus Buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica Crab Apple Malus sylvestris Dogwood Cornus sanguinea Elder Sambucus nigra Goat Willow Salix caprea Grey Willow Salix cinerea Guelder-rose Viburnum opulus Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Hazel Corylus avellana Holly Ilex aquifolium Midland Hawthorn Crataegus laevigata Osier Salix viminalis Spindle Euonymus europaeus Wayfaring-tree Viburnum lantana Wild Privet Ligustrum vulgare Shrub Blackthorn Prunus spinosa Broom Cytisus scoparius Butcher's-broom Ruscus aculeatus Dog-rose agg. Rosa canina agg. Eared Willow Salix aurita Field-rose Rosa arvensis Gorse Ulex europaeus Western Gorse Ulex gallii Tree Alder Alnus glutinosa Ash Fraxinus excelsior Aspen Populus tremula Beech Fagus sylvatica Black-poplar agg. Populus nigra agg. Crack-willow Salix fragilis Downy Birch Betula pubescens English Elm Ulmus procera Field Maple Acer campestre Hornbeam Carpinus betulus Pedunculate Oak Quercus robur Rowan Sorbus aucuparia Silver Birch Betula pendula White Willow Salix alba Wild Cherry Prunus avium Wild Service-tree Sorbus torminalis Wych Elm Ulmus glabra

http://www.nhm.ac.uk/fff-pcp/glob.pl?report=Flora&Flora.%5BFloraNo%5D=209300









































