cyprus university of technology · world internet project - cyprus 2014 • page 7 4. internet uses...

CYPRUSUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGYDEPARTMENTOFCOMMUNICATIONANDINTERNETSTUDIES

THEINTERNETINCYPRUS2014

FINALREPORT

December2015

WorldInternetProject-Cyprus2014•Page3

CREDITSWIPRepresentativeinCyprusProfessorNicolasDemertzis UniversityofAthensCoreResearchTeamDrSteliosStylianou&DrDimitraL.Milioni,PrincipalInvestigators CyprusUniversityofTechnologyProfessorNicolasDemertzis UniversityofAthensReportCompositionDrSteliosStylianou&DrDimitraL.Milioni CyprusUniversityofTechnologyPreferredCitation:CyprusUniversityofTechnology.2015.TheInternetinCyprus2014.FinalResearch

Report.SteliosStylianouandDimitraL.Milioni,PrincipalInvestigators.Limassol,Cyprus.

©2015DepartmentofCommunicationandInternetStudies,CyprusUniversityofTechnology


DETAILEDCREDITS2008Wave

RepresentativeofWIPinCyprusandPrincipalInvestigatorProfessorNicolasDemertzis,UniversityofAthens

ProjectDirectorDrDimitraL.Milioni,CyprusUniversityofTechnology

ResearchTeamandContributingAuthorsDrVassilisGialamas,UniversityofAthensDrChristopherKyriakides,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrEleniA.Kyza,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrLambrosLambrinos,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrDionysisPanos,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrNicolasTsapatsoulis,CyprusUniversityofTechnology

ResearchConsultantsDrAngelikiGazi,UniversityofAthensDrMichalisVryonides,SymmetronMRCILtd2010Wave

PrincipalInvestigatorandWIPRepresentativeinCyprusProfessorNicolasDemertzis,UniversityofAthens

ProjectDirectorDrDimitraL.Milioni,CyprusUniversityofTechnology

ResearchTeamandContributingAuthorsDrVaiaDoudaki,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrVassilisGialamas,UniversityofAthensDrChristopherKyriakides,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrEleniA.Kyza,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrLambrosLambrinos,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrDimitraL.Milioni,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrDionysisPanos,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrKorinnaPatelis,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrSteliosStylianou,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrNicolasTsapatsoulis,CyprusUniversityofTechnology

ResearchConsultantsDrAngelikiGazi,UniversityofAthensDrMichalisVryonides,SymmetronMRCILtd


2012Wave

WIPRepresentativeinCyprusProfessorNicolasDemertzis,UniversityofAthens

CoreResearchTeamDrDimitraL.Milioni&DrSteliosStylianou,CyprusUniversityofTechnology,PrincipalInvestigators

ProfessorNicolasDemertzis,UniversityofAthens

ResearchAssociatesDrBulentKanol,TheManagementCenterDrBilincDolmaci,TheManagementCenterMuharremAmcazade,TheManagementCenterElizTefik,TheManagementCenterKonstantinosVadratsikas,CyprusUniversityofTechnology

ResearchAssistantsYiotaConstanti,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyAntoniaGregoriou,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyKonstantinosKivyttis,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyVenetiaPapa,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyZenonTheodosiou,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyYiannisXenophontos,CyprusUniversityofTechnology

ContributingAuthorsDrSteliosStylianou,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrDimitraL.Milioni,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyKonstantinosVadratsikas,CyprusUniversityofTechnology2014Wave

WIPRepresentativeinCyprusProfessorNicolasDemertzis,UniversityofAthens

CoreResearchTeamDrSteliosStylianou&DrDimitraL.Milioni,CyprusUniversityofTechnology,Principal

InvestigatorsProfessorNicolasDemertzis,UniversityofAthens

ResearchAssociatesDrBulentKanol,TheManagementCenterDrBilincDolmaci,TheManagementCenterDrDirencKanol,TheManagementCenterDenizTurem,TheManagementCenterChristinaKokkalou,InsightsMarketResearch,UniversityofNicosia

ContributingAuthorsDrSteliosStylianou,CyprusUniversityofTechnologyDrDimitraL.Milioni,CyprusUniversityofTechnology


TABLEOFCONTENTSANDFIGURESCREDITS 3DETAILEDCREDITS 4

2008WAVE 42010WAVE 42012WAVE 52014WAVE 5

TABLEOFCONTENTSANDFIGURES 6EXECUTIVESUMMARY 9INTRODUCTION 121. INTERNETACCESSANDUSE 14

1.1. INTERNETUSE 14FIGURE1.1.1. INTERNETUSE 14FIGURE1.1.2. REASONSFORNOTUSINGTHEINTERNET 14FIGURE1.1.3. YEARSOFINTERNETUSE 151.2. ACCESSANDCONNECTIONTOTHEINTERNET 15FIGURE1.2.1. INTERNETUSEBYACCESSLOCATION 15FIGURE1.2.2. DEVICESUSEDTOCONNECTTOTHEINTERNET 16FIGURE1.2.3. NON-MOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIONATHOME 16

2. DIGITALDIVIDES 17

2.1. DEMOGRAPHICDIVIDES 17FIGURE2.1.1. INTERNETUSEBYAREATYPE 17FIGURE2.1.2. INTERNETUSEBYGENDER 17FIGURE2.1.3. INTERNETUSEBYAGE 18FIGURE2.1.4. INTERNETUSEBYEDUCATIONALLEVEL 18FIGURE2.1.5. INTERNETUSEBYEMPLOYMENTSTATUS 19FIGURE2.1.6. INTERNETUSEBYINCOME 19FIGURE2.1.7. INTERNETUSEBYCHILDRENINTHEHOUSEHOLD 202.2. BYMEMBERSHIPINORGANIZATIONSORGROUPS 20FIGURE2.2.1. INTERNETUSEBYMEMBERSHIPINORGANIZATIONS 20

3. MEDIAIMPORTANCE 21

3.1. ASSOURCESOFINFORMATION 21FIGURE3.1.1. IMPORTANCEOFTHEINTERNETASASOURCEOFINFORMATION 21FIGURE3.1.2. IMPORTANCEOFTELEVISIONASASOURCEOFINFORMATION 21FIGURE3.1.3. IMPORTANCEOFTHENEWSPAPERSASASOURCEOFINFORMATION 22FIGURE3.1.4. IMPORTANCEOFTHERADIOASASOURCEOFINFORMATION 22FIGURE3.1.5. IMPORTANCEOFINTERPERSONALSOURCESFORINFORMATION 223.2. ASSOURCESOFENTERTAINMENT 23FIGURE3.2.1. IMPORTANCEOFTHEINTERNETASASOURCEOFENTERTAINMENT 23FIGURE3.2.2. IMPORTANCEOFTELEVISIONASASOURCEOFENTERTAINMENT 23FIGURE3.2.3. IMPORTANCEOFTHENEWSPAPERSASASOURCEOFENTERTAINMENT 24FIGURE3.2.4. IMPORTANCEOFTHERADIOASASOURCEOFENTERTAINMENT 24


4. INTERNETUSES 25

4.1. SOCIAL 25FIGURE4.1.1. INTERNETUSETOCONSERVEEXISTINGRELATIONSHIPSWITHFAMILY 25FIGURE4.1.2. INTERNETUSETOCONSERVEEXISTINGRELATIONSHIPSWITHFRIENDS 25FIGURE4.1.3. INTERNETUSETOEXPANDPROFESSIONALOROCCUPATIONALTIES 25FIGURE4.1.4. INTERNETUSETOMEETDIFFERENTPEOPLEI 26FIGURE4.1.5. INTERNETUSETOMEETDIFFERENTPEOPLEII 26FIGURE4.1.6. INTERNETUSETOMAINTAINRELATIONSHIPSWITHPEOPLEWITHSIMILARPOLITICALVIEWS 264.2. POLITICAL 26FIGURE4.2.1. INTERNETUSETOCONNECTWITHPOLITICALPARTIESLOCALLYORINTERNATIONALLY 26FIGURE4.2.2. INTERNETUSETOCONNECTWITHLOCALORINTERNATIONALNGOS 26FIGURE4.2.3. INTERNETUSETOCONNECTWITHPUBLICOFFICIALS 27FIGURE4.2.4. INTERNETUSETOJOINPROTESTOROTHERSOCIALMOVEMENTS 274.3. COMMUNICATION 27FIGURE4.3.1. INTERNETUSETOCHECKE-MAIL 27FIGURE4.3.2. INTERNETUSEFORINSTANTMESSAGING 28FIGURE4.3.3. INTERNETUSEFORPHONECALLS 28FIGURE4.3.4. INTERNETUSEFORPOSTINGMESSAGESORCOMMENTSONDISCUSSIONBOARDSORFORUMS 28FIGURE4.3.5. INTERNETUSEFORPOSTINGMESSAGESORCOMMENTSONSOCIALNETWORKINGSITES 29FIGURE4.3.6. INTERNETUSEFORPOSTINGOWNCONTENT 29FIGURE4.3.7. INTERNETUSEFORREPOSTINGORSHARINGLINKSORCONTENT 294.4. INFORMATION 30FIGURE4.4.1. INTERNETUSEFORLOOKINGFORNEWS 30FIGURE4.4.2. INTERNETUSEFORLOOKINGFORTRAVELINFORMATION 30FIGURE4.4.3. INTERNETUSEFORLOOKINGFORJOBSORWORK 31FIGURE4.4.4. INTERNETUSEFORREADINGBLOGS 31FIGURE4.4.5. INTERNETUSEFORLOOKINGFORHEALTHINFORMATION 31FIGURE4.4.6. INTERNETUSEFORLOOKINGFORPRODUCTINFORMATION 324.5. ONLINETRANSACTIONS 32FIGURE4.5.1. INTERNETUSEFORBUYINGTHINGSONLINE 32FIGURE4.5.2. INTERNETUSEFORTRAVELRESERVATIONS/BOOKINGS 33FIGURE4.5.3. INTERNETUSEFORPAYINGBILLS 33FIGURE4.5.4. INTERNETUSEFORBANKONLINESERVICES 33FIGURE4.5.5. INTERNETUSEFORONLINEINVESTMENTS 34FIGURE4.5.6. INTERNETUSEFORCOMPARISONOFPRICESOFPRODUCTSORSERVICES 34FIGURE4.5.7. INTERNETUSEFORONLINESELLING 344.6. ENTERTAINMENT 35FIGURE4.6.1. INTERNETUSEFORLOOKINGFORHUMOROUSCONTENT 35FIGURE4.6.2. INTERNETUSEFORPLAYINGGAMESONLINE 35FIGURE4.6.3. INTERNETUSEFORDOWNLOADINGORLISTENINGTOMUSIC 36FIGURE4.6.4. INTERNETUSEFORDOWNLOADINGORWATCHINGVIDEOS 36FIGURE4.6.5. INTERNETUSEFORLOOKINGATRELIGIOUSORSPIRITUALSITES 36FIGURE4.6.6. INTERNETUSEFORLISTENINGTORADIOSTATIONS 37FIGURE4.6.7. INTERNETUSEFORBETTING,GAMBLINGORENTERINGSWEEPSTAKES 37FIGURE4.6.8. INTERNETUSEFORSURFINGORWEB-BROWSING 37FIGURE4.6.9. INTERNETUSEFORLOOKINGATSITESWITHSEXUALCONTENT 38FIGURE4.6.10. INTERNETUSEFORVISITINGSOCIALNETWORKINGSITES 384.7. LEARNING 38FIGURE4.7.1. INTERNETUSEFORLOOKINGUPWORDDEFINITIONS 39FIGURE4.7.2. INTERNETUSEFORFACTCHECKING 39FIGURE4.7.3. INTERNETUSEFORGETTINGINFORMATIONFORSCHOOL-RELATEDWORK 39FIGURE4.7.4. INTERNETUSEFORDISTANCELEARNING 40

5. PERCEPTIONS,EXRERIENCES,CONCERSANDOPINIONSABOUTTHEINTERNET 41

5.1. PERCEPTIONOFRELIABILITY 41FIGURE5.1.1. PERCEPTIONOFINTERNETRELIABILITY 41


5.2. ONLINEVICTIMIZATION 41FIGURE5.2.1. ONLINEVICTIMIZATION 425.3. PRIVACYVIOLATION 42FIGURE5.3.1. PRIVACYVIOLATION 425.4. PRIVACYCONCERNS 43FIGURE5.4.1. PRIVACYCONCERNSI 43FIGURE5.4.2. PRIVACYCONCERNSII 43FIGURE5.4.3. PRIVACYCONCERNSIII 43FIGURE5.4.4. PRIVACYCONCERNSIV 44FIGURE5.4.5. PRIVACYCONCERNSV 44FIGURE5.4.6. PRIVACYCONCERNSVI 44FIGURE5.4.7. PRIVACYCONCERNSVII 44FIGURE5.4.8. PRIVACYCONCERNSVIII 44FIGURE5.4.9. PRIVACYCONCERNSIX 45FIGURE5.4.10. PRIVACYCONCERNSX 45

6. POLITICALEFFICACY 46

FIGURE6.1.1. POLITICALEFFICACYI 46FIGURE6.1.2. POLITICALEFFICACYII 46FIGURE6.1.3. POLITICALEFFICACYIII 47FIGURE6.1.4. POLITICALEFFICACYIV 47

7. FREEDOMOFEXPRESSION 48

FIGURE7.1.1. FREEDOMOFEXPRESSIONI 48FIGURE7.1.2. FREEDOMOFEXPRESSIONII 49FIGURE7.1.3. FREEDOMOFEXPRESSIONIII 49FIGURE7.1.4. FREEDOMOFEXPRESSIONIV 49FIGURE7.1.5. FREEDOMOFEXPRESSIONV 50

8. SOCIALTRUSTANDOFF-LINESOCIALLIFE 51

8.1. SOCIALTRUST 51FIGURE8.1.1. SOCIALTRUSTI 51FIGURE8.1.2. SOCIALTRUSTII 52FIGURE8.1.3. SOCIALTRUSTIII 52FIGURE8.1.4. SOCIALTRUSTMEANS 538.2. OFF-LINESOCIALLIFE 53FIGURE8.2.1. TIMESPENTWITHCLOSERELATIVES 53FIGURE8.2.2. TIMESPENTWITHOTHERRELATIVES 53FIGURE8.2.3. TIMESPENTWITHFRIENDSANDACQUAINTANCES 54FIGURE8.2.4. TIMESPENTWITHCOLLEAGUESOUTSIDETHEWORKENVIRONMENT 54


EXECUTIVESUMMARYInternetusehasbeen rising steadily inboth communities inCyprusover the last fewyears. In 2014, roughly two thirds of the total population aged 15 and over in bothcommunitieshavebeenusingtheinternet.Themainreasonsfornotusingtheinternetwere lackof interest and lackof technicalknowledge. AlmostallGreek-Cypriotusersconnect to the internet at home, about threeout of fourGreek-Cypriot userswhoareemployedconnecttotheinternetatworkandabouttwothirdsofGreek-Cypriotuserswhoarestudentsdosoatschool.AmongTurkish-Cypriots,almostallusersconnecttothe internetathomeandalmostallusersalsoconnect fromother locations, includingalmost all employees who connect at work and almost all students who connect atschool. About one third of Turkish-Cypriot users also connect on themove (vs onlyabout one eighthofGreek-Cypriotusers). Themostpopularmeans to connect to theinternet is the computer: more than 90% of users in both communities declaredconnectingtotheinternetthisway.AbouttwothirdsofGreek-Cypriotusersandmorethan 90% of Turkish-Cypriot users connect to the internet from their phones. Theupwardchangeinbothcommunitieswithrespecttotheuseofmobilephoneshasbeendramaticinthelasttwoyears.Tabletsande-readersremainlesspopular. Thegapininternetusebetweenresidentsofurbanandresidentsofruralareasremainsvisible,yetnotverylarge,inbothcommunities:urbanitesusetheinternetmorethanruralresidents.Thesameappliestothegenderdivide:menconnecttotheinternetmorethanwomeninbothcommunitiesinallyears.Internetuseseemstodecreasewithage and increase with educational attainment. The use of the internet is also moreprevalent among students, as compared to peoplewho are employed or unemployed,housewives or househusbands and the retired. An almost linear positive associationoccurs in therelationshipbetween incomeand internetuse. Thepresenceofchildrenunder18yearsofageinthehouseholdisalsopositivelyassociatedwithinternetuseinbothcommunities.Internetusediffersbetweenmembersandnon-membersinvariousorganizations: more use is observed among Greek-Cypriot members of cultural,professional,political,environmentalandsportorrecreationorganizationsandamongTurkish-Cypriotmembersofenvironmentalandsportorrecreationorganizations,whileless use is observed among Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot members of religiousorganizationsandTurkish-Cypriotmembersofpoliticalorganizations. Clearmajoritiesinallyearsandinbothcommunitiesbelievethattheinternetisanimportantorveryimportantsourceofinformation.Similarresultswereobtainedfortheimportanceoftelevisionasasourceofinformation.Turkish-Cypriotsseemtovaluenewspapersasan importantsourceof informationatsignificantlygreaterpercentagescomparedtoGreek-Cypriots.Resultsfortheradioasasourceofinformationaresimilartothosefornewspapers;yet,slightmajoritiesinbothcommunitiesdobelievethatthismedium is important or very important in this respect. Respondents in bothcommunitiesseemtotrustinterpersonalsourcesforinformation,withclearmajoritiesreporting that these sources are important or very important. When it comes toimportance as sources of entertainment, the internet and television produced similar


results to those about importance for information. Newspapers are generally notregardedassourcesofentertainment. Theradio fallssomewhere inthemiddleof thedistancebetweeninternetandtelevisionattheoneendandnewspapersattheother. Among the various social uses of the internet addressed in the questionnaires,using the internet tomaintainrelationshipswith familyandwith friendsare themostprevalent in both communities. Using the internet to expand professional oroccupationaltiesisalsoverypopular,especiallyintheTurkish-Cypriotcommunity. Oflower prevalence is the use of the internet to meet different people (people fromdifferentoccupations,ofdifferentsocialstatuses,ofdifferentlifestylesorfromdifferentcultures) and tomaintain relationshipswith peoplewith similar political views. Theinternet isnot a verypopularmeans to connectwithpolitical parties,NGOsorpublicofficialsortojoinprotestorothersocialmovements. Electronic mail remains the most prevalent online communicative activity,closely followed by instant messaging, especially in recent years. The prevalence ofinternet phone calls has also approached that of the e-mail and instantmessaging in2014, more so in the Turkish-Cypriot community. Also quite popular is postingmessagesorcommentsondiscussionboardsorforums,aswellaspostingmessagesorcomments on social networking sites, posting one's own content and reposting orsharinglinksorcontentpostedbyothers,especiallyintheTurkish-Cypriotcommunityin2014. Regardingusingtheinternetforobtainingvariouskindsofinformation, lookingfor news is the most prevalent activity (with the exception of the Turkish-Cypriotcommunity in 2014). Looking for travel, health and product information remainrelativelypopularaswell,followedbyreadingblogs. WiththeexceptionofusingonlinebankservicesintheGreek-Cypriotcommunityin allwaves and in theTurkish-Cypriot community in 2012 and using the internet tocomparepricesofproductsorservicesintheGreek-Cypriotcommunityin2014,therestonline transactions addressed in the survey (buying things online, making travelreservations or bookings, paying bills, making online investments and online selling)remainquitelowinfrequency. The most popular entertainment activities on the internet are playing games,downloading or listening tomusic, downloading orwatchingmusic videos, surfing orwebbrowsingandvisitingsocialnetworkingsites.Lookingforjokes,cartoonsorotherhumorous content and listening to online radio stations are also quite popular. Theparticipants reported less frequent use of the internet for looking at religious orspiritual sites,betting, gamblingorentering sweepstakesand for lookingat siteswithsexualcontent. Regarding using the internet for educational purposes, looking up worddefinitionsandfactcheckingarequiteprevalentandfrequent,especiallyintheTurkish-Cypriot community in 2014. Getting information about school-related work is lessprevalent.Distancelearningisalsoquitelowinprevalence. Greek-Cypriot users progressively growmore skeptical about the reliability ofinformationontheinternet.ThisskepticismismuchmoreacuteamongTurkish-Cypriotusersin2014. Onlinevictimization isgenerally lowamong internetusers inCyprus. Very fewrespondentsreportedhavinghadtheircreditcarddetailsstolenviainternetuse,havingbeenmisledintheironlinepurchasesorhavingbeenbulliedorharassedonlineinthepast year. One in ten internet users in both communities reports having receivedobsceneorabusivee-mailsandabout thesamepercentageofGreek-Cypriotusershas


been contacted by someone attempting to extort their bank or personal details.Accidentallyarrivingatpornographiccontentismorecommon,especiallyamongGreek-Cypriots.Themostfrequenttypeofonlinevictimizationisreceivingavirus. Violation of privacy online, a theme explored only in the 2014 survey, isuncommon among Cypriot internet users and, when it occurred, it was considered aminorproblem.Themajorityofusersinbothcommunitiesseemstoacceptasafactthatprivacy is compromisedonline. A clearmajorityofGreek-Cypriotusers reportsbeingconcerned about violations of privacy by governments, corporations and other usersand this concern is even deeper among Turkish-Cypriots. Most users in bothcommunitiesstatethattheyactivelyprotecttheirprivacyonlineandthattheyfeelthattheycancontroltheirprivacy. Attitudes regarding internet-related political efficacy underwent a noticeablechangeovertime.MostGreek-Cypriotusersin2008and2010statethatinternetuseisnot related to an increase in citizens’ politicalpower, stronger citizenvoice regardinggovernment actions, better understanding of politics and higher responsiveness bypublicofficials.Fewerrespondentssharedthesepessimisticattitudesin2012and2014.TheoppositetrendisobservedintheTurkish-Cypriotcommunityinthe2012and2014surveys: pessimistic attitudes regarding the internet’s ability to enhance politicalefficacyandthepoliticalsystem’sresponsivenesshaveincreased. Thedegreeofself-reportedfreedomofpoliticalexpressionamongGreek-Cypriotrespondentsclearly increasedovertime. Self-reportedfreedomofpoliticalexpressiononlinealsoincreasedfrom2010to2014,yetmostpeopletendtofeelthatitisnotsafetoopenlydiscusspoliticsonline. Agrowingmajorityof therespondentsbelieves thatcitizensshouldbefreetocriticizetheirgovernmentandtoexpressevenextremeideasonline.Still,abouthalfoftherespondentsstatethatthegovernmentmustintensifytheregulation of the internet. In the Turkish-Cypriot community, respondents express asignificantdegreeofuncertainty, evidentby thequitehighpercentageof respondentsselecting the option "not sure" inmany questions. There is a significant drop in thepercentage of respondentswho state that they enjoy freedom of political expression,from2012 to 2014, and the same is true for onlinepolitical expression. At the sametime, there is decreasing support for the idea that citizens should be free to criticizetheirgovernmentortoopenlyexpresstheirideas(evenifextreme)online. Respondents inbothcommunitiesaremoreskeptical thanoptimistic regardingthe extent to which one can trust other people. Greek-Cypriots are slightly moreskepticalthanTurkish-Cypriots. Finally, regarding face-to-face socializing, the overwhelming majority ofrespondentsinbothcommunitiesspendstimewithcloserelativesonadailybasisandabout half of the respondents (slightlymore in theTurkish-Cypriot community)meetother relatives or friends and acquaintances a few times a week. Socializing withcolleagues outside thework environment is not very common forGreek-Cypriots: themajorityengagesinsuchactivitiesneveroralmostnever.SocialtiesaroundworkseemtobestrongeramongTurkish-Cypriots.


INTRODUCTIONThe World Internet Project – Cyprus, implemented by the Department ofCommunicationandInternetStudiesandfundedbytheCyprusUniversityofTechnology,ispartof theWorld InternetProject (www.worldinternetproject.net), an internationalongoing research program launched in 1999 and directed by the Annenberg SchoolCenterfortheDigitalFutureattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.ThefirstwaveofthesurveyinCypruswasconductedinlate2008andthesecondinthespringof2010.Thethirdwaveofthesurveywasconductedinthefallof2012inboththeGreek-Cypriotand the Turkish-Cypriot communities. A similar trans-communal measurement wasrepeated in the fall of 2014 (fourth wave). The purpose of this report is to updatecurrentknowledgeabout internetuse inCyprusbypresenting the resultsof themostrecentmeasurements(2014)inbothcommunities.ThereportalsopresentsthetrendsintheGreek-Cypriotcommunityfrom2008-2014(fourpointsintime:2008,2010,2012,2014)andintheTurkish-Cypriotcommunityfrom2012-2014(twopointsintime2012,2014). The results are presented bywave and by community in the same graphs toallowforbothlongitudinalandcomparativeanalysisinsights. Thepopulationof interestinallwavesandinbothcommunitieswasdefinedasallpeople15yearsofageandabovewholiveinCyprusandcancommunicateinGreek,TurkishorEnglish.Dataforthefirsttwowaves(2008and2010)werecollectedintheGreek-Cypriot communitybydoor-to-door, face-to-facesurveysofprobability samplesof 1000 people. For the third wave, data were collected in the fall of 2012 by twotelephone surveys, one in the Greek-Cypriot communitywith a probability sample of1000personsandone in theTurkish-Cypriotcommunitywithaprobabilitysampleof1007persons. Forthefourthwave,datawerecollectedinthefallof2014alsobytwotelephone surveys, one in the Greek-Cypriot communitywith a probability sample of1000personsandone in theTurkish-Cypriotcommunitywithaprobabilitysampleof1039persons.Thetelephoneinterviewsinthethirdandfourthwaveswereconductedwithindividualparticipantsselectedrandomlywithinhouseholdsthatwereselectedbya stratified random design from the telephone directory in each community. Thesamplingwasproportionatelystratifiedwithrespecttodistrictandareatype(urbanvsrural). The instrument used in all surveys was a standardized questionnaire, whichincluded all items required by the WIP International Project and a small number ofadditionalitemsrepresentingvariablesoftheoreticalinterest.Forthetwobi-communalmeasurements, the questionnaire was translated in Greek and Turkish but was alsoavailableinEnglish. Thedatawereenteredmanually(Greek-Cypriotcommunity,2012)andbyuseofa Computer Assisted Telephone Interview interface (Greek-Cypriot community, 2014,andTurkish-Cypriotcommunity2012and2014).Qualitycontrolrevealednosignificanterrorsindataconstruction.Thefinaldatasetswereweightedbasedongender,ageandeducation.


This report contains descriptive presentation of all variables measured in the2014 surveys with simultaneous presentation of corresponding results from theprevious waves (in the Greek-Cypriot community, 2008, 2010 and 2012 and in theTurkish-Cypriot community, 2012). The presentation mostly contains bar charts ofrelative frequencies. The relative frequencies of all categories (answer options) arepresentedonthebars,inorderforthereadertoknowthepercentagesexactly,withoutlooking at data tables. Brief comments are included, mostly to direct the readersmoothlythroughthereportratherthantodiscusstheetiologyofwhatisreported. Itshouldbenotedthatforsimplicitypurposesalltextiswritteninplainlanguageandthatallfiguresrepresentcenterpointestimates,basedonthesamplestatistics.


1. INTERNETACCESSANDUSE1.1. InternetUse

AsshowninFigure1.1.1,internetusehasbeenrisingsteadilyinbothcommunitiesoverthelastfewyears.In2014,roughlytwothirdsofthetotalpopulationaged15andoverinbothcommunitieshavebeenusingtheinternet.InternetpenetrationintheTurkish-Cypriot community has in fact risenmore steeply since 2012, slightly surpassing thecorrespondingfigureintheGreek-Cypriotcommunityin2014.

Figure1.1.1. InternetUse

Lackof interest and lackof technical knowledge seem tobe themain reasons fornotusing the internet,with roughly the sameproportions citing these reasons in2014 inbothcommunities(Figure1.1.2).

Figure1.1.2. ReasonsfornotUsingtheInternet

49.7%

57.8%

61.6%

58.2%

65.6% 66.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

GREEK CYPRIOTS TURKISH CYPRIOTS

Are you currently using the Internet? All respondents

2008 2010 2012 2014

55.3%

20.9%

11.7% 9.9%

0.8% 1.4%

62.8%

18.0%

10.0%

7.1%

1.9% 0.2%

25.8%

46.1%

17.4%

5.2% 2.3% 3.1%

27.7%

45.8%

5.9%

2.6%

17.8%

0.2%

37.1%

46.3%

8.2% 5.4%

3.0%

0.0% 0.0%

34.1%

49.8%

0.8%

6.0%

1.7%

7.6%

0.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

No interest/not useful

Don't know how to use it

No time too busy

No computer/no device (until

2012 including no

internet connection)

Too expensive/

cannot afford it

No internet connection available

(new option in 2014)

Other No interest/not useful

Don't know how to use it

No time too busy

No computer/no device (until

2012 including no

internet connection)

Too expensive/

cannot afford it

No internet connection available

(new option in 2014)

Other


Reasons for Not Using the Internet Non-users Only

2008 2010 2012 2014


In 2012 and 2014, Greek-Cypriots seem to be using the internet for a longer timecomparedtoTurkish-Cypriots(Figure1.1.3).ThisshowsthattherearemorelateusersintheTurkish-CypriotcommunityascomparedtotheGreek-Cypriotcommunity.

Figure1.1.3. YearsofInternetUse

1.2. AccessandConnectiontotheInternet

AlmostallGreek-Cypriotusersconnecttotheinternetathome.AboutthreeoutoffourGreek-Cypriotswhoareemployedconnecttotheinternetatworkandabouttwothirdsofstudentusersdosoatschool.AboutfortypercentofGreek-Cypriotsalsoconnectstothe internet from other steady locations, while only 13.2% connects on the move.AmongTurkish-Cypriots,almostallusersconnectto internetathome,and, incontrasttotheGreek-Cypriots,almostallusersalsoconnecttotheinternetfromotherlocations,including almost all employees who connect at work and almost all students whoconnectatschool.AboutonethirdofTurkish-Cypriotusersalsoconnectsonthemove.AsshowninFigure1.2.1,thelargestchangesovertimearethoseoftheTurkish-Cypriotpercentageswhoconnectatwork,atschool,andfromothersteadylocations.

Figure1.2.1. InternetUsebyAccessLocation

6.42

6.85

8.23

7.17

9.30

7.22

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10


How many years have you used the Internet? Users Only

2008 2010 2012 2014

82.6%

62.5% 58.9%

18.2%

88.2%

66.5%

53.8%

17.6%

95.9%

70.0% 68.8%

31.0%

95.8%

65.5%

55.2%

28.8%

94.3%

74.0%

65.2%

40.2%

13.2%

96.6%

91.9%

97.1%

90.4%

32.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

At Home - Base All Users

At Work - Base Employed

At School - Base Students

...anywhere else, such as Internet cafes, other people’s

homes, libraries, etc. - Base All

Users

...on the move, such as in cars and buses, and on the street - Base All Users

At Home - Base All Users

At Work - Base Employed

At School - Base Students

...anywhere else, such as Internet cafes, other people’s

homes, libraries, etc. - Base All

Users

...on the move, such as in cars and buses, and on the street - Base All Users


On an average day, do you use the Internet in the following locations? Users Only

2008 2010 2012 2014


Figure 1.2.2 shows that the most popular means to connect to the internet is thecomputer: more than 90% of users in both communities declared connecting to theinternetthisway.AbouttwothirdsofGreek-Cypriotsconnecttotheinternetfromtheirphones. The corresponding figure in the Turkish-Cypriot community is dramaticallylarger (91.6%), even larger than the figure for computers, i.e., slightlymore Turkish-Cypriots connect through mobile phones than through computers. It can also beobservedthatthechangeinbothcommunitieswithrespecttotheuseofmobilephoneshas been dramatic in the last two years. Tablets and e-readers remain less popularmeanstoconnecttotheinternet,thancomputersorphones.

Figure1.2.2. DevicesUsedtoConnecttotheInternet

As shown in Figure 1.2.3, almost all users in both communities have an internetconnectionathome.

Figure1.2.3. Non-MobileInternetConnectionatHome

16.5%

22.5%

38.7%

54.7%

91.0%

62.5%

36.8%

88.9% 91.6%

42.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Computer Phone Tablet or e-Reader Computer Phone Tablet or e-Reader


Devices used to connect to the Internet? Users Only

2008 2010 2012 2014

99.0% 99.2% 99.6%

88.0%

98.9%

94.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots

Do you have a home Internet connection, excluding a connection through a mobile phone? Users Only

2008 2010 2012 2014


2. DIGITALDIVIDES2.1. DemographicDivides

Thegapininternetusebetweenresidentsofurbanandresidentsofruralareasisvisible,yet not very large, in both communities and in allwaves of theWIP survey,with theexception of the Greek-Cypriot community in 2012, where the gap had temporarilydisappeared(Figure2.1.1).

Figure2.1.1. InternetUsebyAreaType

The same applies,without exception, to the gender divide. As shown in Figure 2.1.2,menconnecttotheinternetmorethanwomeninbothcommunitiesinallyears.

Figure2.1.2. InternetUsebyGender

Internet use seems todecreasewith age. As shown in Figure2.1.3, almost all peopleaged15-24(100%ofGreek-Cypriotsand97.1%ofTurkish-Cypriots)usedtheinternetin 2014, with a slight decrease in the next age group (25-34) and more significantmonotonousfallsthereafter.

53.6%

41.2%

58.4% 56.4%

60.7% 62.1%

64.1%

50.3%

68.1%

60.7%

69.2%

61.6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Urban Rural Urban Rural


Internet Use by Area Type All Respondents

2008 2010 2012 2014

54.2%

45.5%

61.6%

54.4%

67.7%

55.7%

64.5%

50.8%

69.1%

62.4%

70.9%

62.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Male Female Male Female

GREEK-CYPRIOTS TURKISH CYPRIOTS

Internet Use by Gender All respondents

2008 2010 2012 2014


Figure2.1.3. InternetUsebyAge

Theoppositeistrueforeducationalattainment(Figure2.1.4). Themoreeducatedusethe internet more than the less educated. What seems to be an anomaly in themonotonicityofthisrelationshipisthefactthatcollegeoruniversitygraduatesusetheinternetslightly less thancollegeoruniversitystudents. Thiscanbeexplainedbythefactthelatterarestillinaninstitutionalenvironmentwherethereisconstantaccessandmorefrequentneedtousetheinternet.

Figure2.1.4. InternetUsebyEducationalLevel

Theuseof the internet is alsomore frequent among students, as compared topeoplewho are employed or unemployed, housewives or househusbands and the retired(Figure2.1.5).

82.9%

70.8%

48.3%

38.0%

28.2%

6.5%

0.0%

91.4%

79.9%

64.9%

45.3%

23.8%

12.8%

0.0%

93.9%

85.0%

68.7%

52.7%

35.1%

17.6%

12.7%

92.2%

75.9%

50.3% 48.3%

25.9%

9.7%

0.0%

100.0%

94.2%

84.4%

67.9%

39.7%

11.1%

6.4%

97.1%

84.6%

77.0%

73.3%

43.2%

13.4%

0.0% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-99 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-99


Internet Use by Age All Respondents

2008 2010 2012 2014

1.6%

46.4%

39.9%

92.2%

75.5%

3.4%

56.6%

45.9%

89.2%

79.6%

4.0%

58.0%

53.8%

91.9%

81.0%

19.9%

47.4%

54.2%

90.4% 93.1%

6.6%

54.1%

62.4%

98.3%

88.7%

16.0%

66.5%

85.2%

97.2% 94.3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Primary Secondary Lyceum College/University student

College/University graduate

Primary Secondary Lyceum College/University student

College/University graduate


Internet Use by Educational Level All Respondents

2008 2010 2012 2014


Figure2.1.5. InternetUsebyEmploymentStatus

An almost linear positive association occurs in the relationship between income andinternetuse(Figure2.1.6).

Figure2.1.6. InternetUsebyIncome

The presence of children under 18 years of age in the household is associated withinternetuseinbothcommunities.AspresentedinFigure2.1.7,in2014,81.7%ofGreek-Cypriotswho livewithchildrenuse the internet,whereasonly52.8%whodonot livewithchildrendoso. Thecorresponding figures in theTurkish-Cypriotcommunityare79.8%and59.5%.

92.8%

55.7%

38.1%

7.9% 5.2%

96.4%

63.8%

46.9%

16.5%

9.3%

98.3%

68.5%

60.0%

22.6%

19.1%

97.6%

68.5%

25.7%

76.5%

22.2%

100.0%

83.9%

48.1%

42.0%

11.7%

95.1%

84.2%

45.2%

28.5%

4.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Student Employed Unemployed Housewife or Househusband

Retired Student Employed Unemployed Housewife or Househusband

Retired


Internet Use by Employment Status Within Each Category

2008 2010 2012 2014

25.6%

38.3%

56.1% 58.8%

68.1%

31.3%

42.0%

55.9%

73.0%

83.7%

35.9%

47.4%

67.8%

79.3% 81.5%

50.8%

67.1%

76.4% 79.3%

81.8%

29.00%

55.80%

84.70% 85.20% 87.9%

62.3% 65.20%

72.50%

82.80%

76.90%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Up to 1K (up to 1.2K until 2012)

1-2K (1.2-2K until 2012)

2-3K 3-4K 4K+ Up to 1K (up to 1.2K until 2012)

1-2K (1.2-2K until 2012)

2-3K 3-4K 4K+


Internet Use by Household Income (Gross Euros per Month) All Respondents

2008 2010 2012 2014


Figure2.1.7. InternetUsebyChildrenintheHousehold

2.2. ByMembershipinOrganizationsorGroups

TheWIP 2014measurement contained a new set of questions about membership invarious groups or organizations and, as shown in Figure 2.2.1, internet use differsbetween members and non-members. More internet use is observed among Greek-Cypriot members of cultural, professional, political, environmental and sport orrecreation organizations and among Turkish-Cypriot members of environmental andsport or recreation organizations, while less internet use is observed among Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot members of religious organizations and Turkish-Cypriotmembers of political organizations. Membership in cultural or professionalorganizations among Turkish-Cypriots does not seem to affect internet use, whilemembershipincharityorganizationsdoesnotaffectinternetuseineithercommunity.

Figure2.2.1. InternetUsebyMembershipinOrganizations

57.2%

43.4%

67.8%

48.7%

72.1%

55.7%

68.5%

52.7%

87.1%

52.8%

79.8%

59.50%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Yes No Yes No


Internet Use by Children Under 18 in Household All Respondents

2008 2010 2012 2014

78.9%&

67.0%&

45.8%&

45.6%&

81.8%&

64.6%&

91.7%&

50.0%&

88.9%&

72.5%&

82.3%&

83.8%&

63.3%&

63.4%&

64.8%&

66.7%&

66.6%&

68.0%&

64.7%&

67.0%&

64.6%&

67.9%&

65.5%&

65.9%&

64.5%&

57.8%&

65.8%&

67.5%&

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

Cul

tura

l R

elig

ious

Pr

ofes

sion

al

Polit

ical

En

viro

nmen

tal

Spor

t or

recr

eatio

n C

harit

y

Membership&in&organiza<ons&or&organized&groups&and&internet&use&(%&use)&B&All&respondents&B&2014&Only&

MEMBERS NON-MEMBERS


3. MEDIAIMPORTANCE3.1. AsSourcesofInformation

As shown in Figure 3.1.1, a clear to overwhelming majority of the WIP surveyparticipants in all years and in both communities believes that the internet is animportantorveryimportantsourceofinformation.

Figure3.1.1. ImportanceoftheInternetasaSourceofInformation

Similarresultswereobtainedfortheimportanceoftelevisionasasourceofinformation(Figure3.1.2),althoughthecorrespondingmajoritieswerenotasoverwhelming.

Figure3.1.2. ImportanceofTelevisionasaSourceofInformation

A clear difference between the two communities occurred for newspapers. Turkish-Cypriots seem to value newspapers as important or very important at significantlygreaterpercentages(Figure3.1.3).

3.4%%

9.0%%

0.7%%

1.4%%

0.5%%

1.4%%

6.9%%

7.1%%

3.3%%

4.4%%

1.5%%

1.8%%

18.3%%

17.4%%

9.1%%

7.0%%

10.6%%

3.8%%

30.8%%

32.6%%

47.6%%

44.9%%

40.2%%

15.7%%

40.5%%

33.9%%

39.3%%

42.4%%

47.2%%

77.2%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

How%Important%as%a%Source%of%Informa>on%is%the%Internet?!Users%Only!

not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important

5.0%%

5.0%%

4.9%%

4.9%%

1.0%%

3.0%%

8.1%%

7.9%%

9.1%%

10.0%%

5.6%%

3.0%%

15.3%%

20.2%%

17.0%%

7.8%%

14.9%%

5.3%%

38.7%%

37.3%%

47.6%%

41.7%%

50.6%%

17.8%%

32.9%%

29.5%%

21.4%%

35.6%%

27.9%%

70.9%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

How%Important%as%a%Source%of%Informa>on%is%Television?!2014%All%Respondents,%before%2014%Users%Only!



Figure3.1.3. ImportanceoftheNewspapersasaSourceofInformation

Resultsfortheradioasasourceofinformationaresimilartothosefornewspapers;yet,slightmajoritiesinbothcommunitiesdobelievethatthismediumisimportantorveryimportantinthisrespect(Figure3.1.4).

Figure3.1.4. ImportanceoftheRadioasaSourceofInformation

Finally, clear majorities in both communities report that interpersonal sources areimportantorveryimportantasasourceofinformation(Figure(3.1.5).

Figure3.1.5. ImportanceofInterpersonalSourcesforInformation

24.6%&

32.2%&

7.5%&

25.8%&

1.0%&

3.3%&

12.5%&

12.7%&

12.4%&

25.9%&

3.6%&

6.1%&

16.7%&

15.9%&

16.6%&

10.0%&

14.4%&

4.8%&

28.0%&

22.9%&

38.9%&

25.3%&

49.6%&

23.2%&

18.1%&

16.3%&

24.6%&

13.0%&

31.5%&

62.6%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

How&Important&as&a&Source&of&Informa>on&are&the&Newspapers?!2014&All&Respondents,&before&2014&Users&Only!


18.8%%

24.7%%

9.0%%

11.5%%

3.8%%

5.0%%

17.5%%

16.2%%

14.7%%

21.5%%

11.1%%

14.8%%

22.4%%

22.5%%

21.9%%

13.8%%

24.1%%

29.7%%

29.4%%

25.6%%

38.5%%

36.5%%

43.3%%

35.4%%

11.9%%

11.1%%

16.0%%

16.7%%

17.7%%

15.1%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

How%Important%as%a%Source%of%Informa>on%is%the%Radio?!2014%All%Respondents,%before%2014%Users%Only!


6.0%%

2.9%%

2.8%%

5.3%%

1.2%%

4.9%%

8.0%%

6.2%%

5.7%%

16.0%%

3.1%%

10.8%%

19.2%%

20.9%%

14.4%%

12.7%%

23.3%%

31.2%%

39.8%%

42.5%%

39.8%%

49.1%%

46.6%%

32.4%%

27.0%%

27.5%%

37.2%%

17.0%%

25.9%%

20.8%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

How%Important%as%a%Source%of%Informa>on%are%interpersonal%sources%(e.g.,%family,%friends)?!2014%All%Respondents,%before%2014%Users%Only!



3.2. AsSourcesofEntertainment

Whenitcomestoimportanceassourcesofentertainment,theinternetproducessimilarresultstothoseaboutimportanceforinformation.Atleastinthelasttwowaves(2012and 2014) clear to overwhelmingmajorities of the respondents in both communitiesbelieve that the internet is an important or very important source of entertainment(Figure3.2.1).

Figure3.2.1. ImportanceoftheInternetasaSourceofEntertainment

Averysimilarresultwasobtainedfortelevision.Infact,Greek-Cypriotsbelievethatitisan important source of entertainment, even more, and even more steadily, than theinternet(Figure3.2.2).

Figure3.2.2. ImportanceofTelevisionasaSourceofEntertainment

Reasonably,newspapersarenotregardedasourceofentertainment,althoughin2012intheGreek-Cypriotcommunity,abouthalfoftherespondentssaidthattheyare(Figure3.2.3).

15.8%&

15.2%&

5.5%&

4.9%&

1.9%&

2.1%&

12.7%&

10.9%&

7.5%&

15.7%&

6.0%&

4.7%&

17.0%&

21.6%&

14.1%&

12.8%&

11.5%&

3.8%&

24.2%&

22.8%&

28.6%&

30.3%&

37.8%&

12.2%&

30.3%&

29.4%&

44.2%&

36.3%&

42.9%&

77.2%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

How&Important&as&a&Source&of&Entertainment&is&the&Internet?!Users&Only!


3.4%%

3.1%%

4.1%%

4.1%%

1.7%%

1.2%%

5.0%%

3.3%%

7.5%%

7.5%%

3.9%%

2.0%%

16.7%%

18.4%%

17.6%%

9.5%%

13.5%%

5.6%%

37.5%%

39.2%%

38.7%%

37.2%%

48.6%%

17.9%%

37.3%%

35.9%%

32.1%%

41.7%%

32.3%%

73.5%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

How%Important%as%a%Source%of%Entertainment%is%Television?!2014%All%Respondents,%before%2014%Users%Only!



Figure3.2.3. ImportanceoftheNewspapersasaSourceofEntertainment

Theradiofallssomewhereinthemiddleofthedistancebetweeninternetandtelevisionat the one end andnewspapers at the other (Figure3.2.4). In2012 and2014, in theGreek-Cypriotcommunity,themajoritybelievedthattheradioisimportantasasourceofentertainment. IntheTurkish-Cypriotcommunity,althoughthepercentageofthosewhothinkthattheradioisimportantorveryimportantwasaslightmajorityin2012,itfell dramatically in 2014,with a simultaneous dramatic increase in the percentage ofthosewho think that, as a source of entertainment, the radio is not important or notimportantatall.

Figure3.2.4. ImportanceoftheRadioasaSourceofEntertainment

40.0%%

46.4%%

28.6%%

41.3%%

3.6%%

34.0%%

23.5%%

18.9%%

26.7%%

32.0%%

17.8%%

25.1%%

17.9%%

21.8%%

22.7%%

9.2%%

28.3%%

15.7%%

14.5%%

9.4%%

17.7%%

11.3%%

34.3%%

16.6%%

4.0%%

3.5%%

4.3%%

6.2%%

16.0%%

8.6%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

How%Important%as%a%Source%of%Entertainment%are%the%Newspapers?!2014%All%Respondents,%before%2014%Users%Only!


15.7%&

17.7%&

7.7%&

8.1%&

5.8%&

35.2%&

14.3%&

13.2%&

14.8%&

13.3%&

14.4%&

21.5%&

19.2%&

22.9%&

17.2%&

12.5%&

26.5%&

17.0%&

31.0%&

28.5%&

39.7%&

43.7%&

38.9%&

17.9%&

19.8%&

17.7%&

20.7%&

22.3%&

14.4%&

8.4%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

How&Important&as&a&Source&of&Entertainment&is&the&Radio?!2014&All&Respondents,&before&2014&Users&Only!



4. INTERNETUSES4.1. Social

Social uses of the internet were explored only in the 2014 survey. The results arepresentedinFigures4.1.1–4.1.6.Clearly,amongthevarioususesaddressed,usingtheinternettomaintainrelationshipswithfamilyandwithfriendsarethemostprevalentinbothcommunities.IntheTurkish-Cypriotcommunity,suchuseisoverwhelming.Usingtheinternettoexpandprofessionaloroccupationaltiesisalsoverypopular,especiallyintheTurkish-Cypriotcommunity.Oflower,yetnotinsignificant,prevalenceistheuseoftheinternettomeetdifferentpeople(peoplefromdifferentoccupations,ofdifferentsocial statuses, of different lifestyles or from different cultures) and to maintainrelationshipswithpeopleofsimilarpoliticalviews.

Figure4.1.1. InternetUsetoConserveExistingRelationshipswithFamily

Figure4.1.2. InternetUsetoConserveExistingRelationshipswithFriends

Figure4.1.3. InternetUsetoExpandProfessionalorOccupationalTies

17.2%&

67.9%&

14.6%&

18.1%&

15.0%&

7.1%&

12.1%&

2.9%&

41.2%&

4.0%&

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

To&what&extent&do&you&use&the&internet&to&conserve&exis>ng&rela>onships&with&your&family?&2014&Users&Only&

To a great extent To a significant extent To a limited extent To a very small extent Not at all

15.7%&

20.9%&

22.1%&

62.8%&

21.0%&

11.3%&

15.1%&

3.2%&

26.0%&

1.8%&

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

To&what&extent&do&you&use&the&internet&to&conserve&and&maintain&rela@onships&with&your&friends?&2014&Users&Only&


9.8%%

12.9%%

14.5%%

18.2%%

12.3%%

19.2%%

9.4%%

2.8%%

54.1%%

46.8%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

To%what%extent%do%you%use%the%internet%to%expand%your%professional%and%occupa?onal%?es?%2014%Users%Only%



Figure4.1.4. InternetUsetoMeetDifferentPeopleI

Figure4.1.5. InternetUsetoMeetDifferentPeopleII

Figure4.1.6. InternetUsetoMaintainRelationshipswithPeoplewithSimilarPoliticalViews

4.2. Political

Figures 4.2.1 – 4.2.4 show the results of the measurements about internet use forpoliticalpurposes.Obviously,theinternetisnotaverypopularmeanstoconnectwithpoliticalparties,NGOsorpublicofficialsortojoinprotestorothersocialmovements.

Figure4.2.1. InternetUsetoConnectwithPoliticalPartiesLocallyorInternationally

Figure4.2.2. InternetUsetoConnectwithLocalorInternationalNGOs

4.1%%

2.8%%

6.9%%

4.7%%

11.5%%

7.7%%

13.8%%

8.6%%

63.7%%

76.2%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

To%what%extent%do%you%use%the%internet%to%meet%people%who%are%different%from%you,%such%as%people%from%other%occupaCons%or%people%of%different%social%status?%

2014%Users%Only%


2.7%%

2.4%%

6.3%%

4.9%%

10.2%%

7.1%%

13.5%%

9.2%%

67.3%%

76.4%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

To%what%extent%do%you%use%the%internet%to%meet%people%who%are%different%from%you,%such%as%people%of%a%different%lifestyle%or%people%from%other%cultures?%

2014%Users%Only%


2.5%%

2.7%%

4.6%%

4.9%%

9.1%%

5.3%%

9.7%%

9.2%%

74.1%%

77.8%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

To%what%extent%do%you%use%the%internet%to%maintain%rela>onships%with%people%who%share%your%poli>cal%views?%2014%Users%Only%


1.1%$

1.4%$

2.6%$

3.1%$

2.9%$

4.7%$

5.1%$

7.8%$

88.3%$

83.1%$

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

To$what$extent$do$you$use$the$internet$to$connect$with$poli?cal$par?es$locally$or$interna?onally?$2014$Users$Only$


0.8%%

2.2%%

3.6%%

3.4%%

5.6%%

4.4%%

7.2%%

8.6%%

82.8%%

81.5%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

To%what%extent%do%you%use%the%internet%to%connect%with%local%or%interna>onal%non?governmental%organiza>ons?%2014%Users%Only%



Figure4.2.3. InternetUsetoConnectwithPublicOfficials

Figure4.2.4. InternetUsetoJoinProtestorOtherSocialMovements

4.3. Communication

The following figures (4.3.1 – 4.3.7) show trends within each community and acomparisonbetweenthecommunitiesregardingusingthe internet forcommunicationpurposes. Electronicmail remains themostprevalent activity in this categoryof use,closely followedby instantmessaging,especially in recentyears. Thisapplies tobothcommunities,althoughasharpdecline in frequencyofuse isobserved in theTurkish-Cypriot community in 2014 (i.e., although the prevalence of using email and instantmessaginghas increased, thepercentageof thosewhouseemailor instantmessagingdailyorseveraltimesadayhasfallen).Theprevalenceofinternetphonecallshasalsoapproached that of the two aforementioned uses in 2014, more so in the Turkish-Cypriotcommunity.Alsoquitepopularispostingmessagesorcommentsondiscussionboards or forums, postingmessages or comments on social networking sites, postingone'sowncontentandrepostingorsharinglinksorcontentpostedbyothers,especiallyintheTurkish-Cypriotcommunityin2014.

Figure4.3.1. InternetUsetoCheckE-mail

0.0%$

1.9%$

2.2%$

3.4%$

3.6%$

4.0%$

4.9%$

9.0%$

89.3%$

81.8%$

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

To$what$extent$do$you$use$the$internet$to$connect$with$public$officials?$2014$Users$Only$


0.4%%

1.7%%

4.0%%

2.1%%

5.1%%

5.3%%

6.8%%

9.4%%

83.7%%

81.5%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

To%what%extent%do%you%use%the%internet%to%join%protest%or%other%social%movements?%2014%Users%Only%


29.3%&

29.2%&

41.4%&

27.5%&

21.5%&

10.2%&

37.4%&

31.7%&

29.3%&

34.8%&

30.7%&

14.1%&

15.4%&

16.6%&

12.9%&

20.9%&

16.4%&

51.2%&

4.4%&

6.7%&

4.5%&

7.2%&

8.5%&

10.7%&

3.6%&

4.7%&

2.6%&

3.0%&

8.4%&

4.9%&

9.9%&

11.1%&

9.3%&

6.6%&

14.5%&

8.9%&

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On&average,&how&o9en&do&you&check&your&email?&Users&Only&

Several times a day Daily Weekly Monthly Less than monthly Never


Figure4.3.2. InternetUseforInstantMessaging

Figure4.3.3. InternetUseforPhoneCalls

Figure4.3.4. InternetUseforPostingMessagesorCommentsonDiscussionBoardsorForums

22.7%%

18.2%%

23.5%%

27.5%%

39.2%%

22.3%%

21.3%%

22.1%%

22.1%%

34.8%%

25.0%%

21.6%%

17.1%%

13.3%%

13.6%%

20.9%%

14.0%%

41.9%%

4.0%%

6.9%%

4.6%%

7.2%%

4.3%%

7.7%%

6.6%%

4.8%%

7.0%%

3.0%%

5.0%%

1.1%%

28.2%%

34.6%%

29.2%%

6.6%%

12.5%%

5.5%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%instant%messaging?%Users%Only%


5.5%$

4.1%$

7.5%$

12.1%$

12.0%$

12.5%$

8.1%$

8.8%$

15.9%$

20.0%$

8.9%$

22.1%$

9.5%$

12.3%$

18.4%$

16.6%$

15.3%$

31.4%$

5.9%$

8.1%$

14.5%$

10.0%$

11.3%$

21.3%$

7.5%$

8.5%$

7.5%$

5.8%$

7.7%$

1.7%$

63.6%$

58.2%$

36.2%$

35.4%$

44.7%$

11.0%$

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On$average,$how$o9en$do$make$or$receive$phone$calls$over$the$internet?$Users$Only$


4.7%%

4.3%%

4.8%%

11.4%%

7.6%%

10.6%%

11.6%%

5.4%%

15.7%%

21.5%%

9.9%%

9.8%%

8.1%%

14.5%%

30.9%%

7.1%%

11.0%%

4.4%%

10.2%%

22.4%%

8.7%%

13.1%%

7.7%%

8.5%%

3.1%%

59.0%%

50.2%%

69.6%%

39.6%%

14.4%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%post%messages%or%comments%on%discussion%boards%or%forums?%Users%Only%



Figure4.3.5. InternetUseforPostingMessagesorCommentsonSocialNetworkingSites

Figure4.3.6. InternetUseforPostingOwnContent

Figure4.3.7. InternetUseforRepostingorSharingLinksorContent

13.1%%

11.5%%

19.0%%

19.2%%

17.8%%

43.2%%

6.3%%

11.9%%

4.8%%

2.4%%

39.0%%

11.7%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%post%messages%or%comments%on%social%networking%sites?%Users%Only%


6.0%%

4.3%%

4.8%%

17.0%%

10.1%%

7.8%%

10.5%%

9.0%%

12.7%%

20.2%%

17.6%%

14.3%%

18.0%%

28.1%%

48.8%%

14.2%%

19.7%%

14.0%%

18.5%%

11.2%%

14.7%%

15.0%%

6.3%%

11.1%%

2.3%%

39.7%%

36.2%%

47.8%%

12.5%%

7.4%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%post%your%own%content%(videos,%photos,%wriCng,%etc.%you%created)?%[In%2010%and%2012%the%quesCon%was:%how%frequently%do%you%post%photos%or%pictures%on%the%internet?]%

Users%Only%


8.5%%

4.5%%

4.2%%

16.6%%

10.5%%

14.4%%

11.5%%

7.3%%

13.1%%

20.8%%

15.7%%

14.2%%

16.6%%

24.9%%

36.7%%

10.6%%

9.0%%

14.4%%

13.1%%

22.6%%

7.3%%

8.7%%

7.1%%

9.8%%

2.1%%

43.6%%

52.2%%

50.4%%

22.5%%

7.2%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%repost%or%share%links%or%content%(videos,%photos,%wriEng,%etc.%created%by%others)?%[In%2010%and%2012%the%quesEon%was:%how%frequently%do%you%upload%music%videos?]%

Users%Only%



4.4. Information

Regardingusingtheinternetforobtainingvariouskindsofinformation(Figures4.4.1–4.4.6),lookingfornewsisthemostprevalentactivity(withtheexceptionoftheTurkish-Cypriotcommunityin2014).Lookingfortravel,healthandproductinformationremainrelativelypopularaswell, followedbyreadingblogs (the lattershowinga remarkableincreaseinbothprevalenceandfrequencyintheTurkish-Cypriotcommunityin2014).Lookingfor jobsorwork isnota frequentactivity,reasonablybecausemostpeople inthepopulationofinterestareemployed.

Figure4.4.1. InternetUseforLookingforNews

Figure4.4.2. InternetUseforLookingforTravelInformation

6.0%%

9.7%%

22.7%%

23.7%%

9.7%%

6.2%%

23.3%%

21.3%%

39.1%%

41.7%%

21.3%%

11.5%%

21.1%%

24.3%%

18.9%%

15.9%%

24.3%%

6.1%%

9.1%%

9.7%%

6.9%%

5.4%%

9.7%%

2.8%%

15.5%%

13.3%%

6.4%%

4.3%%

13.3%%

40.8%%

24.9%%

21.7%%

6.0%%

9.0%%

21.7%%

32.7%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%look%for%news%A%local,%naConal,%internaConal?%Users%Only%


1.4%%

3.5%%

5.4%%

1.4%%

3.5%%

1.7%%

3.0%%

5.6%%

5.9%%

5.0%%

5.6%%

2.6%%

10.4%%

10.9%%

12.2%%

10.6%%

10.9%%

5.1%%

22.9%%

21.0%%

21.6%%

20.6%%

21.0%%

6.0%%

33.1%%

36.1%%

33.0%%

38.1%%

36.1%%

18.6%%

29.1%%

22.9%%

21.9%%

24.3%%

22.9%%

65.9%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%look%for%travel%informaCon?%Users%Only%



Figure4.4.3. InternetUseforLookingforJobsorWork

Figure4.4.4. InternetUseforReadingBlogs

Figure4.4.5. InternetUseforLookingforHealthInformation

0.6%%

1.2%%

10.8%%

4.6%%

1.2%%

0.7%%

2.0%%

2.6%%

7.2%%

8.4%%

2.6%%

1.5%%

6.5%%

4.5%%

6.6%%

7.5%%

4.5%%

1.9%%

4.0%%

6.9%%

5.9%%

5.0%%

6.9%%

3.1%%

8.9%%

11.8%%

8.1%%

5.0%%

11.8%%

3.5%%

78.0%%

73.0%%

61.5%%

69.6%%

73.0%%

89.2%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%look%for%jobs,%work?%Users%Only%


2.7%%

3.0%%

6.5%%

4.6%%

3.0%%

3.0%%

6.9%%

7.7%%

17.6%%

11.9%%

7.7%%

8.8%%

10.3%%

10.4%%

20.8%%

16.3%%

10.4%%

44.4%%

6.3%%

9.0%%

10.2%%

10.2%%

9.0%%

7.4%%

10.3%%

12.3%%

7.7%%

9.2%%

12.3%%

6.3%%

63.4%%

57.6%%

37.1%%

47.7%%

57.6%%

30.0%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%read%web>logs%(blogs)?%Users%Only%


1.6%%

4.0%%

2.7%%

1.6%%

4.0%%

3.0%%

5.3%%

5.9%%

10.4%%

10.6%%

5.9%%

6.3%%

14.5%%

16.8%%

21.3%%

32.2%%

16.8%%

9.6%%

19.6%%

23.7%%

25.0%%

26.2%%

23.7%%

8.2%%

20.2%%

24.3%%

19.1%%

14.5%%

24.3%%

29.0%%

38.8%%

25.3%%

21.5%%

14.9%%

25.3%%

43.9%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%look%for%health%informaCon?%Users%Only%



Figure4.4.6. InternetUseforLookingforProductInformation

4.5. OnlineTransactions

Withtheexceptionofusingonlinebankservices(Greek-Cypriotcommunity,allwaves,Turkish-Cypriotcommunity,2012)andusingtheinternettocomparepricesofproductsor services (Greek-Cypriot community, 2014), the frequency of using the internet foronlinetransactionsisquitelow(Figures4.5.1–4.5.7).

Figure4.5.1. InternetUseforBuyingThingsOnline

5.6%%

5.2%%

14.1%%

3.5%%

5.2%%

4.2%%

10.9%%

12.6%%

15.8%%

12.8%%

12.6%%

4.5%%

23.5%%

26.3%%

24.6%%

29.0%%

26.3%%

13.5%%

22.1%%

22.3%%

20.5%%

19.8%%

22.3%%

7.3%%

17.4%%

16.8%%

11.7%%

17.3%%

16.8%%

50.6%%

20.4%%

16.8%%

13.2%%

17.7%%

16.8%%

19.8%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%frequently%do%you%get%informaBon%about%a%product?%Users%Only%


0.8%%

1.2%%

1.0%%

0.1%%

1.2%%

0.8%%

0.4%%

1.4%%

2.5%%

1.5%%

1.4%%

1.2%%

5.6%%

4.0%%

10.5%%

6.5%%

4.0%%

4.4%%

14.1%%

14.5%%

22.2%%

21.6%%

14.5%%

4.5%%

16.3%%

25.6%%

29.0%%

28.9%%

25.6%%

19.1%%

62.8%%

53.3%%

34.7%%

41.3%%

53.3%%

69.9%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%frequently%do%you%buy%things%online?%Users%Only%



Figure4.5.2. InternetUseforTravelReservations/Bookings

Figure4.5.3. InternetUseforPayingBills

Figure4.5.4. InternetUseforBankOnlineServices

0.8%%

1.6%%

0.8%%

0.0%%

1.6%%

1.0%%

0.4%%

0.9%%

0.8%%

0.7%%

0.9%%

1.2%%

0.4%%

1.4%%

1.7%%

1.9%%

1.4%%

1.4%%

6.5%%

6.6%%

9.0%%

10.2%%

6.6%%

3.4%%

36.1%%

42.6%%

52.3%%

52.5%%

42.6%%

16.1%%

55.8%%

47.1%%

35.4%%

34.7%%

47.1%%

77.0%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%frequently%do%you%make%travel%reservaCons/bookings?%Users%Only%


0.6%%

0.5%%

0.3%%

0.0%%

0.5%%

1.4%%

0.2%%

1.0%%

0.8%%

0.6%%

1.0%%

0.6%%

3.0%%

2.1%%

6.4%%

2.2%%

2.1%%

2.1%%

16.9%%

16.8%%

20.3%%

35.1%%

16.8%%

1.8%%

8.9%%

7.8%%

14.6%%

6.7%%

7.8%%

2.9%%

70.4%%

71.8%%

57.5%%

55.4%%

71.8%%

91.2%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%frequently%do%you%pay%bills?%Users%Only%


2.0%%

2.4%%

1.7%%

0.5%%

2.4%%

2.4%%

7.3%%

8.0%%

12.4%%

5.6%%

8.0%%

1.6%%

10.1%%

9.5%%

19.5%%

12.8%%

9.5%%

2.8%%

12.1%%

10.7%%

13.4%%

23.1%%

10.7%%

1.7%%

4.0%%

6.7%%

5.6%%

6.7%%

6.7%%

2.6%%

64.4%%

62.6%%

47.5%%

51.2%%

62.6%%

88.9%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%frequently%do%you%use%your%bank's%online%services?%Users%Only%



Figure4.5.5. InternetUseforOnlineInvestments

Figure4.5.6. InternetUseforComparisonofPricesofProductsorServices

Figure4.5.7. InternetUseforOnlineSelling

0.4%%

0.5%%

0.2%%

0.5%%

0.5%%

0.5%%

0.4%%

0.5%%

0.2%%

0.5%%

0.5%%

0.8%%

1.0%%

1.0%%

0.3%%

0.6%%

1.0%%

1.6%%

1.0%%

1.0%%

0.7%%

0.2%%

1.0%%

0.8%%

1.4%%

4.0%%

2.4%%

1.6%%

4.0%%

0.8%%

95.8%%

92.9%%

96.3%%

96.7%%

92.9%%

95.5%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%frequently%do%you%invest%in%stocks/funds/bonds?%Users%Only%


2.1%%

0.8%%

2.9%%

1.6%%

17.4%%

5.5%%

19.9%%

5.5%%

8.0%%

4.1%%

49.6%%

82.6%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%frequently%do%you%compare%prices%of%products/services?%Users%Only%


0.2%%

0.4%%

0.1%%

0.7%%

1.0%%

1.4%%

0.8%%

1.7%%

2.1%%

2.2%%

95.8%%

93.5%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%frequently%do%you%sell%online?%Users%Only%



4.6. Entertainment

As shown in Figures 4.6.1 – 4.6.10, themost popular entertainment activities on theinternetareplayinggames,downloadingorlisteningtomusic,downloadingorwatchingmusicvideos,surfingorwebbrowsingandvisitingsocialnetworkingsites.Lookingforjokes,cartoonsorotherhumorouscontentandlisteningtoonlineradiostationsarealsoquitepopular.Theparticipantsreportedlessfrequentuseoftheinternetforlookingatreligiousorspiritualsites,betting,gamblingorenteringsweepstakesandforlookingatsiteswithsexualcontent.

Figure4.6.1. InternetUseforLookingforHumorousContent

Figure4.6.2. InternetUseforPlayingGamesOnline

1.8%%

3.8%%

3.7%%

3.6%%

3.8%%

6.0%%

6.2%%

6.6%%

15.2%%

7.4%%

6.6%%

9.5%%

15.7%%

11.6%%

15.7%%

9.6%%

11.6%%

32.8%%

11.1%%

12.2%%

10.5%%

11.8%%

12.2%%

27.5%%

15.7%%

16.4%%

9.0%%

10.6%%

16.4%%

5.9%%

49.1%%

49.3%%

45.9%%

56.9%%

49.3%%

18.3%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%look%for%jokes,%cartoons,%or%other%humorous%content?%Users%Only%


8.5%%

12.2%%

11.1%%

7.9%%

12.2%%

12.5%%

13.7%%

18.1%%

16.4%%

13.9%%

18.1%%

13.1%%

17.5%%

14.5%%

9.1%%

8.7%%

14.5%%

37.8%%

7.6%%

6.6%%

8.3%%

6.8%%

6.6%%

16.1%%

9.5%%

12.2%%

6.7%%

5.3%%

12.2%%

5.0%%

43.3%%

36.4%%

48.4%%

57.4%%

36.4%%

15.5%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%play%games%online?%Users%Only%



Figure4.6.3. InternetUseforDownloadingorListeningtoMusic

Figure4.6.4. InternetUseforDownloadingorWatchingVideos

Figure4.6.5. InternetUseforLookingatReligiousorSpiritualSites

18.3%&

16.8%&

20.4%&

10.5%&

16.8%&

11.7%&

17.5%&

20.2%&

24.3%&

29.2%&

20.2%&

18.5%&

16.1%&

19.0%&

19.1%&

22.7%&

19.0%&

45.4%&

9.3%&

8.8%&

8.8%&

10.5%&

8.8%&

11.8%&

5.6%&

7.3%&

4.9%&

2.3%&

7.3%&

2.5%&

33.2%&

27.9%&

22.6%&

24.8%&

27.9%&

10.1%&

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On&average,&how&o9en&do&you&download&or&listen&to&music?&Users&Only&


7.5%%

9.3%%

14.8%%

9.3%%

9.3%%

9.5%%

14.9%%

17.8%%

22.5%%

27.0%%

17.8%%

17.1%%

13.9%%

21.1%%

20.3%%

23.0%%

21.1%%

44.5%%

8.7%%

7.3%%

7.9%%

9.6%%

7.3%%

12.0%%

10.7%%

10.7%%

7.2%%

3.5%%

10.7%%

3.6%%

44.2%%

33.7%%

27.2%%

27.5%%

33.7%%

13.2%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%download%or%watch%videos?%Users%Only%


0.0%$

0.5%$

0.8%$

0.3%$

0.5%$

1.3%$

1.0%$

1.6%$

0.8%$

3.6%$

1.6%$

1.8%$

2.0%$

3.8%$

4.2%$

5.5%$

3.8%$

3.9%$

2.8%$

5.0%$

6.7%$

8.5%$

5.0%$

5.4%$

5.3%$

9.7%$

10.8%$

8.9%$

9.7%$

1.7%$

88.9%$

79.4%$

76.6%$

73.3%$

79.4%$

85.8%$

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On$average,$how$o9en$do$you$look$at$religious$or$spiritual$sites?$Users$Only$



Figure4.6.6. InternetUseforListeningtoRadioStations

Figure4.6.7. InternetUseforBetting,GamblingorEnteringSweepstakes

Figure4.6.8. InternetUseforSurfingorWeb-browsing

8.5%%

5.4%%

6.9%%

2.7%%

5.4%%

2.7%%

9.5%%

11.1%%

17.4%%

9.9%%

11.1%%

3.6%%

9.7%%

10.2%%

14.4%%

10.8%%

10.2%%

26.3%%

9.5%%

9.3%%

7.6%%

9.8%%

9.3%%

6.7%%

9.1%%

9.2%%

9.6%%

7.2%%

9.2%%

4.5%%

53.6%%

54.8%%

44.1%%

59.5%%

54.8%%

56.1%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%listen%to%a%radio%staAon%online?%Users%Only%


0.6%%

0.9%%

0.0%%

1.2%%

0.9%%

2.3%%

0.6%%

0.7%%

1.2%%

0.6%%

0.7%%

0.5%%

1.8%%

3.6%%

1.5%%

2.4%%

3.6%%

1.8%%

0.8%%

1.6%%

1.3%%

2.3%%

1.6%%

2.0%%

2.6%%

3.6%%

4.7%%

2.0%%

3.6%%

1.8%%

93.5%%

89.6%%

91.2%%

91.6%%

89.6%%

91.6%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%bet,%gamble%or%enter%sweepstakes?%Users%Only%


22.0%%

23.9%%

44.1%%

46.8%%

23.9%%

7.9%%

30.7%%

25.3%%

33.3%%

27.3%%

25.3%%

18.1%%

21.4%%

22.0%%

10.1%%

10.1%%

22.0%%

43.4%%

7.3%%

7.6%%

2.7%%

2.3%%

7.6%%

5.6%%

6.0%%

7.3%%

1.7%%

1.6%%

7.3%%

2.8%%

12.5%%

13.8%%

8.1%%

11.9%%

13.8%%

22.2%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%surf%or%browse%the%web?%Users%Only%



Figure4.6.9. InternetUseforLookingatSiteswithSexualContent

Figure4.6.10. InternetUseforVisitingSocialNetworkingSites

4.7. Learning

Theresultsofthesurveysforusingtheinternetforeducationalpurposesarepresentedin Figures 4.7.1 – 4.7.4. Looking up word definitions and fact checking are quiteprevalentand frequent, especially in theTurkish-Cypriot community in2014. Gettinginformationaboutschool-relatedworkislessprevalent,asexpected(reasonably,mostusersarenotinschooloruniversityandwouldonlyoccasionallyneedtolookforsuchinformation).Distancelearningisalsoquitelowinprevalence.

0.4%%

1.1%%

1.0%%

0.8%%

1.1%%

1.5%%

1.0%%

1.4%%

0.8%%

1.2%%

1.4%%

1.0%%

3.3%%

3.9%%

6.1%%

3.6%%

3.9%%

3.8%%

3.9%%

3.0%%

8.7%%

1.8%%

3.0%%

2.5%%

5.7%%

7.5%%

8.5%%

4.4%%

7.5%%

1.2%%

85.7%%

80.3%%

74.9%%

88.2%%

80.3%%

89.9%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%look%at%sites%with%sexual%content?%Users%Only%


22.5%%

34.6%%

33.8%%

24.7%%

10.9%%

21.1%%

26.3%%

23.8%%

14.1%%

16.4%%

12.0%%

12.0%%

12.2%%

15.3%%

44.7%%

5.5%%

4.2%%

4.9%%

10.6%%

6.1%%

4.9%%

2.4%%

2.2%%

8.2%%

2.7%%

34.0%%

20.6%%

23.1%%

27.1%%

19.2%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%visit%social%networking%sites?%[In%2010%and%2012%the%quesGon%was:%how%o9en%do%you%visit%social%networking%or%video%sharing%sites?]%

Users%Only%



Figure4.7.1. InternetUseforLookingUpWordDefinitions

Figure4.7.2. InternetUseforFactChecking

Figure4.7.3. InternetUseforGettingInformationforSchool-RelatedWork

8.5%%

8.8%%

13.2%%

9.0%%

8.8%%

12.4%%

10.5%%

13.4%%

19.2%%

16.7%%

13.4%%

17.3%%

22.3%%

22.2%%

23.9%%

31.2%%

22.2%%

53.6%%

15.3%%

14.1%%

13.6%%

19.8%%

14.1%%

6.6%%

13.5%%

16.4%%

10.0%%

10.2%%

16.4%%

4.2%%

30.0%%

25.2%%

20.2%%

13.1%%

25.2%%

6.0%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%look%up%the%definiCon%of%a%word?%Users%Only%


3.4%%

4.7%%

9.9%%

5.4%%

4.7%%

7.7%%

11.7%%

13.3%%

21.0%%

26.9%%

13.3%%

16.8%%

21.4%%

26.5%%

24.9%%

28.3%%

26.5%%

53.9%%

17.5%%

16.3%%

13.5%%

15.1%%

16.3%%

9.5%%

16.7%%

14.9%%

8.9%%

9.2%%

14.9%%

3.4%%

29.2%%

24.2%%

22.0%%

15.1%%

24.2%%

8.8%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%find%or%check%a%fact?%Users%Only%


5.8%%

9.0%%

10.7%%

3.9%%

9.0%%

4.7%%

6.3%%

13.6%%

11.9%%

10.4%%

13.6%%

8.8%%

6.7%%

13.6%%

10.4%%

12.1%%

13.6%%

7.0%%

3.2%%

5.5%%

8.3%%

7.7%%

5.5%%

5.4%%

0.2%%

8.7%%

6.1%%

4.0%%

8.7%%

5.6%%

77.8%%

49.6%%

52.6%%

61.9%%

49.6%%

68.5%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%get%informaAon%for%schoolErelated%work?%Users%Only%



Figure4.7.4. InternetUseforDistanceLearning

0.6%%

1.4%%

1.0%%

0.8%%

1.4%%

2.5%%

0.8%%

1.9%%

0.7%%

1.2%%

1.9%%

2.1%%

1.4%%

2.1%%

0.3%%

2.1%%

2.1%%

3.2%%

2.4%%

1.6%%

1.4%%

1.9%%

1.6%%

3.0%%

2.2%%

4.6%%

2.9%%

2.4%%

4.6%%

5.0%%

92.4%%

88.3%%

93.7%%

91.6%%

88.3%%

84.2%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On%average,%how%o9en%do%you%par>cipate%in%distance%learning%for%an%academic%degree%or%job%training?%[Un>l%2012%the%ques>on%was:%how%frequently%do%you%use%the%internet%for%distance%learning?]%

Users%Only%



5. PERCEPTIONS,EXPERIENCES,CONCERNSANDOPINIONS

5.1. PerceptionofReliability

Greek-Cypriot users progressively grow more skeptical toward the reliability ofinformationontheinternet(Figure5.1.1).Whereasin2008and2010almosthalfoftherespondentsreportedtrustingmostoftheinformationonline,therespectivepercentagesunktoaboutonefourthin2012,withaslightincreasein2014.GrowingskepticismismuchmoreacuteamongTurkish-Cypriotusers,asin2014aclearmajorityfindsonlyasmallportionofonlineinformationgenerallyreliable.

Figure5.1.1. PerceptionofInternetReliability

5.2. OnlineVictimization

Online victimization (Figure 5.2.1) is generally low among internet users in Cyprus.Very fewrespondentsreportedhavinghad theircreditcarddetailsstolenvia internetuse, having beenmisled in their online purchases or having been bullied or harassedonline in thepastyear. One in ten internetusers inbothcommunitiesreportshavingreceived obscene or abusive e-mails and about the same percentage of Greek-Cypriotusershasbeencontactedbysomeoneattemptingtoextorttheirbankorpersonaldetails.Accidentallyarrivingatpornographiccontentismorecommon,especiallyamongGreek-Cypriots. The most frequent type of online victimization is receiving a virus: theoverwhelmingmajority of Turkish-Cypriot users had this experience in the past year,comparedtoaboutonethirdofGreek-Cypriotusers.

0.8%

14.6%

29.9%

50.6%

4.0% 1.6%

5.5%

33.2%

47.8%

11.9%

2.5%

13.3%

55.6%

23.9%

4.8% 2.8%

12.4%

49.1%

28.7%

7.1%

1.0%

22.2%

39.4%

33.3%

4.0% 3.6%

69.2%

17.0%

9.8%

0.3% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

None of it A small portion of it About half of it Most of it All of it None of it A small portion of it About half of it Most of it All of it


How much of the information on the internet overall is generally reliable? Users Only

2008 2010 2012 2014


Figure5.2.1. OnlineVictimization

5.3. PrivacyViolation

AsshowninFigure5.3.1,violationofprivacyonline,athemeexploredonlyinthe2014survey,isuncommonamongCypriotinternetusersand,whenitoccurs,itisconsideredaminorproblem.

Figure5.3.1. PrivacyViolation

10.1%%

11.3%%

37.6%%

84.0%%

5.4%%

2.2%%

1.6%%

0.3%%

13.5%%

1.8%%

26.1%%

9.6%%

2.4%%

3.0%%

89.9%%

88.7%%

62.4%%

16.0%%

94.6%%

97.8%%

98.4%%

99.7%%

86.5%%

98.2%%

73.9%%

90.4%%

97.6%%

97.0%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

...received obscene or abusive e-mails

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

...received a virus on your computer

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

...bought something which was misrepresented on a website

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

...had your credit card details stolen via use on the Internet

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

...been contacted by someone online asking you to provide bank or personal details

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

...accidentally arrived at a pornographic website when looking for something else

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

...been bullied or harassed

Greek-Cypriots

Turkish-Cypriots

In%the%past%year%have%you%.%.%.%?%<%Users%Only%<%2014%Only%

YES NO

8.3%

0.00% 0.80% 0.60% 1.90%

88.3%

6.7%

0.9% 0.10% 0.00% 0.60%

91.80%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Yes, but it was a minor problem

Yes, and it was embarrassing

Yes, and it had financial

consequences

Yes, and it affected my job/

career

Yes, and it affected my

personal relationship(s)

No Yes, but it was a minor problem

Yes, and it was embarrassing

Yes, and it had financial

consequences

Yes, and it affected my job/

career

Yes, and it affected my

personal relationship(s)

No


Have you ever had your privacy violated online? Users only - 2014 only


5.4. PrivacyConcerns

The majority of internet users in both communities is concerned about privacyviolationsonline.AsshowninFigure5.4.1,clearmajoritiesinbothcommunitiesagreeorstronglyagreethatitshouldbeacceptedasafactthat"thereisnoprivacy"–witharemarkably stronger tendency for the "strongly agree" option in the Turkish-Cypriotcommunity. A clear majority of Greek-Cypriot users reports being concerned aboutviolationsofprivacybygovernments,corporationsandotherusersandthisconcerniseven deeper among Turkish-Cypriots (Figures 5.4.2, 5.4.4). Concerns about thegovernmentandcompaniesmonitoringusers’actionsgrowovertime:thepercentageofusers worried about government and corporate surveillance more than doubledbetween2010and2014amongGreek-Cypriotsandthesameupwardtrend isevidentamongTurkish-Cypriots(Figures5.4.9–10).Mostusersinbothcommunitiesstatethattheyactivelyprotecttheirprivacyonlineandthattheyfeeltheycancontroltheirprivacy,again, with Turkish-Cypriots stating strong agreement in higher percentages (Figures5.4.5, 5.4.8). In 2014, users were asked whether they agree or disagree with thestatement"Ihavenothing tohide". Interestingly,vastmajorities inbothcommunitiesagreedwiththisstatement(Figure5.4.7),despitetheaforementionedgrowingconcernsaboutprivacyviolations.Moreover,almosthalfofGreek-CypriotsandaclearmajorityofTurkish-Cypriotsfindthatconcernsaboutprivacyareexaggerated(Figure5.4.6).

Figure5.4.1. PrivacyConcernsI

Figure5.4.2. PrivacyConcernsII

Figure5.4.3. PrivacyConcernsIII

5.4%%

6.8%%

18.4%%

9.2%%

16.0%%

21.4%%

38.0%%

8.0%%

22.0%%

54.6%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2014

2014

GR

EEK

C

YPR

IOTS

TU

RK

ISH

C

YPR

IOTS

There%is%no%privacy,%accept%it%Users%Only!

strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree

9.0%%

3.5%%

20.6%%

5.1%%

9.6%%

6.0%%

36.5%%

10.1%%

24.3%%

75.2%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2014

2014

GR

EEK

C

YPR

IOTS

TU

RK

ISH

C

YPR

IOTS

I%am%concerned%governments%are%viola=ng%my%privacy%online%Users%Only!


8.5%%

3.5%%

18.3%%

5.4%%

9.2%%

6.9%%

39.1%%

8.7%%

25.0%%

75.5%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2014

2014

GR

EEK

C

YPR

IOTS

TU

RK

ISH

C

YPR

IOTS

I%am%concerned%corpora8ons%are%viola8ng%my%privacy%online%Users%Only!



Figure5.4.4. PrivacyConcernsIV

Figure5.4.5. PrivacyConcernsV

Figure5.4.6. PrivacyConcernsVI

Figure5.4.7. PrivacyConcernsVII

Figure5.4.8. PrivacyConcernsVIII

6.8%%

3.5%%

19.3%%

3.5%%

11.2%%

5.8%%

39.6%%

10.8%%

23.2%%

76.3%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2014

2014 G

REE

K

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H

CY

PRIO

TS

I%am%concerned%other%people%are%viola=ng%my%privacy%online%Users%Only!


4.2%%

2.9%%

8.6%%

2.7%%

11.9%%

11.6%%

50.5%%

9.9%%

24.7%%

72.8%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2014

2014

GR

EEK

C

YPR

IOTS

TU

RK

ISH

C

YPR

IOTS

I%ac1vely%protect%my%privacy%online!!Users%Only!


8.8%$

3.3%$

33.0%$

7.8%$

17.2%$

7.7%$

26.9%$

9.4%$

14.1%$

71.8%$

0%$ 10%$ 20%$ 30%$ 40%$ 50%$ 60%$ 70%$ 80%$ 90%$ 100%$

2014

2014

GR

EEK

C

YPR

IOTS

TU

RK

ISH

C

YPR

IOTS

Concerns$about$privacy$online$are$exaggerated!!!Users$Only!


3.0%%

3.4%%

4.0%%

6.0%%

3.4%%

17.5%%

48.4%%

12.0%%

41.0%%

61.1%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2014

2014

GR

EEK

C

YPR

IOTS

TU

RK

ISH

C

YPR

IOTS

I%have%nothing%to%hide%%%%Users%Only!


4.3%%

3.7%%

12.2%%

3.5%%

14.7%%

11.5%%

44.8%%

9.6%%

24.0%%

71.7%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2014

2014

GR

EEK

C

YPR

IOTS

TU

RK

ISH

C

YPR

IOTS

I%feel%I%can%control%my%privacy%online%%%%%Users%Only!



Figure5.4.9. PrivacyConcernsIX

Figure5.4.10. PrivacyConcernsX

68.0%&

24.9%&

16.9%&

5.5%&

4.5%&

6.3%&

38.0%&

30.2%&

21.5%&

6.8%&

8.3%&

15.9%&

9.0%&

27.1%&

13.5%&

8.1%&

16.2%&

32.5%&

33.0%&

8.8%&

9.4%&

5.1%&

11.5%&

12.9%&

66.4%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2010

2012

2014

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

I&am&worried&about&the&government&checking&what&I&do&online&Users&Only!


59.5%%

18.9%%

13.2%%

6.7%%

4.8%%

5.1%%

27.0%%

25.1%%

22.0%%

5.9%%

11.1%%

15.4%%

11.7%%

27.8%%

13.1%%

10.9%%

27.2%%

35.7%%

32.0%%

9.1%%

13.5%%

11.4%%

14.2%%

11.5%%

67.0%%

0%% 10%% 20%% 30%% 40%% 50%% 60%% 70%% 80%% 90%% 100%%

2010

2012

2014

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

I%am%worried%about%companies%checking%what%I%do%online%Users%Only!



6. POLITICALEFFICACYThe issue of political efficacy through internet use was explored by the use of fourquestions, as presented below (Figures 6.1.1 – 6.1.4). Generally, attitudes regardinginternet-relatedpoliticalefficacyunderwentanoticeablechangeovertime.MostGreek-Cypriot internet users in 2008 and 2010 think that internet use is does not enhancepolitical efficacy (increase in citizens’ politicalpower, stronger citizenvoice regardinggovernment actions, better understanding of politics and higher responsiveness bypublic officials);whereas, in 2012 and 2014,more users think that the internet doesenhancecitizens’politicalpowerandabilitytobetterunderstandpolitics,comparedtothosewhodonot.TheoppositetrendisobservedintheTurkish-Cypriotcommunityinthe2012and2014surveyswherepessimisticattitudesregardingtheinternet’sabilitytoenhancepoliticalefficacyandthepoliticalsystem’sresponsivenesshaveincreased.

Figure6.1.1. PoliticalEfficacyI

Figure6.1.2. PoliticalEfficacyII

47.5%&

62.0%&

9.7%&

8.4%&

5.6%&

45.8%&

9.2%&

6.9%&

25.9%&

25.6%&

39.5%&

17.7%&

20.4%&

9.1%&

21.8%&

15.8%&

31.8%&

26.4%&

15.7%&

12.8%&

34.2%&

37.4%&

20.5%&

6.9%&

7.2%&

9.1%&

8.5%&

12.7%&

2.6%&

3.2%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

By&using&the&Internet,&people&like&you&can&have&more&poliCcal&power&Users&Only!


55.5%$

66.7%$

13.5%$

12.1%$

3.8%$

45.4%$

9.4%$

6.9%$

32.0%$

32.3%$

35.7%$

16.4%$

16.4%$

13.2%$

21.1%$

16.0%$

26.4%$

25.9%$

13.8%$

7.9%$

28.1%$

28.7%$

28.3%$

9.8%$

4.8%$

5.3%$

5.3%$

10.9%$

5.8%$

2.5%$

0%$ 10%$ 20%$ 30%$ 40%$ 50%$ 60%$ 70%$ 80%$ 90%$ 100%$

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

By$using$the$Internet,$people$like$you$will$have$more$say$about$what$the$government$does$$Users$Only!



Figure6.1.3. PoliticalEfficacyIII

Figure6.1.4. PoliticalEfficacyIV

46.1%&

53.9%&

8.3%&

9.9%&

5.8%&

46.1%&

11.3%&

7.6%&

22.4%&

27.8%&

36.9%&

15.5%&

18.2%&

15.4%&

16.4%&

15.4%&

31.5%&

27.1%&

15.8%&

14.3%&

41.4%&

35.6%&

22.9%&

9.0%&

8.7%&

8.7%&

11.5%&

11.3%&

3.0%&

2.4%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

By&using&the&Internet,&people&like&you&can&beBer&understand&poliDcs&&Users&Only!


58.3%&

67.5%&

25.5%&

15.6%&

14.5%&

46.8%&

11.3%&

8.3%&

37.0%&

34.0%&

42.8%&

16.5%&

17.2%&

13.2%&

15.1%&

16.6%&

25.5%&

27.6%&

9.9%&

7.5%&

19.2%&

24.9%&

14.5%&

7.2%&

3.3%&

3.6%&

3.1%&

8.9%&

2.8%&

1.8%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2008

2010

2012

2014

2008

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

By&using&the&Internet,&public&officials&will&care&more&what&people&like&you&think&&Users&Only!



7. FREEDOMOFEXPRESSIONAmong Greek-Cypriot respondents, the degree of self-reported freedom of politicalexpression(ingeneral,onlineoroffline)increasedfrom2010to2012andremainedatabout the same levels in 2014 (Figure 7.1.1). Self-reported freedom of politicalexpressiononlinealsoincreasedfrom2010to2014,yetmostpeopletendtofeelthatitisnotsafetoopenlydiscusspoliticsonline(Figure7.1.2).AgrowingmajorityofGreek-Cypriot respondentsbelieves thatcitizensshouldbe free tocriticize theirgovernmentonline(Figure7.1.3)andtoexpressevenextremeideasonline(Figure7.1.4).Still,abouthalf of the respondents state that the government must intensify regulation of theinternet, although there is a slight downward trend over time (Figure 7.1.5). In theTurkish-Cypriot community, the survey results are more complicated. In general,respondents express a significant degree of uncertainty, evident by the quite highpercentageofrespondentsselectingtheoption"notsure".Thereisasignificantdropinthepercentageofrespondentswhostatethattheyenjoyfreedomofpoliticalexpression(ingeneral) from2012to2014(Figure7.1.1),andthesameistrueforonlinepoliticalexpression (Figure 7.1.2), which reaches very low levels. At the same time, there isdecreasingsupportfortheideathatcitizensshouldbefreetocriticizetheirgovernmentonline(Figure7.1.3)andtoopenlyexpresstheirideasonline,eveniftheyareextreme(Figure7.1.4).AremarkableincreaseinthepercentageofTurkish-Cypriotrespondentswhoagreeorstronglyagree(especiallythosewhostronglyagree)thatthegovernmentshouldintensifyregulationoftheinternetisobservedbetween2012and2014(Figure7.1.5).

Figure7.1.1. FreedomofExpressionI

28.9%&

4.9%&

8.2%&

5.3%&

17.9%&

8.5%&

13.2%&

13.0%&

22.0%&

9.9%&

16.6%&

11.9%&

13.6%&

29.8%&

46.4%&

19.7%&

36.9%&

33.4%&

34.3%&

15.0%&

26.3%&

33.1%&

31.8%&

8.6%&

10.8%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2010

2012

2014

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

In&general,&I&feel&comfortable&saying&whatever&I&think&about&poliEcs?!All&Respondents!



Figure7.1.2. FreedomofExpressionII

Figure7.1.3. FreedomofExpressionIII

Figure7.1.4. FreedomofExpressionIV

47.2%&

18.7%&

14.5%&

10.8%&

21.4%&

15.3%&

34.8%&

30.7%&

36.8%&

15.8%&

18.7%&

21.2%&

21.6%&

34.9%&

50.2%&

10.2%&

18.0%&

23.4%&

15.6%&

7.0%&

8.6%&

7.2%&

9.9%&

1.9%&

5.7%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2010

2012

2014

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

On&the&Internet,&it&is&safe&to&say&whatever&you&think&about&poliCcs&All&Respondents!


17.8%&

3.8%&

3.5%&

4.8%&

17.9%&

5.6%&

9.6%&

7.1%&

18.4%&

8.9%&

16.7%&

9.3%&

14.0%&

27.0%&

44.6%&

27.8%&

42.5%&

45.9%&

36.1%&

16.1%&

32.1%&

34.7%&

29.5%&

13.8%&

12.4%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2010

2012

2014

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

People&should&be&free&to&cri=cize&their&government&on&the&Internet&&All&Respondents!


21.8%&

6.2%&

5.3%&

5.9%&

19.4%&

9.2%&

18.7%&

12.6%&

27.6%&

14.4%&

17.0%&

15.8%&

19.0%&

31.2%&

48.4%&

23.8%&

37.4%&

40.4%&

29.8%&

9.2%&

28.2%&

22.0%&

22.7%&

5.6%&

8.7%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2010

2012

2014

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

It&is&okay&for&people&to&express&their&ideas&on&the&Internet,&even&if&they&are&extreme&All&Respondents!



Figure7.1.5. FreedomofExpressionV

26.5%&

19.8%&

11.8%&

7.4%&

5.9%&

7.5%&

17.8%&

17.1%&

26.7%&

5.7%&

14.9%&

19.6%&

28.7%&

28.9%&

28.7%&

16.0%&

28.1%&

27.4%&

31.7%&

8.9%&

35.1%&

14.8%&

15.1%&

5.4%&

50.8%&

0%& 10%& 20%& 30%& 40%& 50%& 60%& 70%& 80%& 90%& 100%&

2010

2012

2014

2010

2012

2014

GR

EEK

CY

PRIO

TS

TUR

KIS

H C

YPR

IOTS

The&government&should&regulate&the&Internet&more&than&it&does&now&All&Respondents!



8. SOCIALTRUSTANDOFF-LINESOCIALLIFE8.1. SocialTrust

Figures8.1.1–8.1.3showthedetailedresultsforthreeitemsmeasuringsocialtrust.Amore readable summary ispresented inFigure8.1.4,where themeanscores foreachitem are plotted by wave (2012 and 2014 only) for each community. Obviously,respondents in both communities are more skeptical than optimistic regarding theextenttowhichonecantrustotherpeople(allmeansrangefrom3to5onthe10pointscale). Greek-Cypriots are slightlymore skeptical than Turkish-Cypriots,with almostidenticalscoresin2012and2014.Turkish-Cypriotsseemtohavebecomeslightlymoretrustfulofotherpeoplein2014.

Figure8.1.1. SocialTrustI

22.8%

6.8%

9.2% 10.6%

9.4%

24.6%

5.7% 5.5%

3.9%

0.6% 0.8%

8.4%

5.1%

9.2%

13.0% 12.5%

25.5%

12.0%

9.7%

3.1%

0.7% 0.9%

16.2%

8.4%

12.8%

17.1%

12.4%

17.3%

7.5%

4.5%

2.8%

0.3% 0.5%

16.7%

3.6% 2.8%

3.9% 4.9%

35.9%

8.5%

11.2%

5.0%

1.4%

6.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

you can't

be too careful

. . . . . . . . . most people can be trusted

| you can't

be too careful

. . . . . . . . . most people can be trusted


Would you say that most people can be trusted, or that you can’t be too careful in dealing with people? All Respondents

2012 2014


Figure8.1.2. SocialTrustII

Figure8.1.3. SocialTrustIII

20.3%

7.3%

9.4% 9.5% 9.3%

26.7%

6.9%

4.4%

2.5% 1.3%

2.6%

11.6%

7.7% 8.6%

11.6% 11.8%

23.8%

11.6%

6.7%

3.3%

1.0% 2.2%

14.4%

6.6%

12.9%

17.1%

10.9%

19.1%

7.4% 5.8%

3.7%

0.6% 1.4%

18.2%

5.2% 3.6% 4.1%

5.7%

34.4%

12.0%

8.6%

2.1% 1.9%

4.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

most people would try to take

advant-age of

me

. . . . . . . . . most people would try to

be fair

| most people would try to take

advant-age of

me

. . . . . . . . . most people would try to

be fair


Do you think that most people would try to take advantage of you if they got the chance, or would they try to be fair?

All Respondents

2012 2014

24.9%

7.3%

11.8% 12.6%

8.8%

22.7%

4.0% 2.9% 3.3%

0.7% 0.9%

9.6%

7.2% 8.7%

9.7%

11.6%

28.2%

12.3%

7.4%

2.2% 1.4% 1.7%

17.0%

8.0%

16.5% 16.3%

11.7%

16.1%

8.1%

3.4%

1.1% 0.5% 1.3%

20.6%

3.5% 2.5% 2.8%

5.6%

34.8%

12.8%

6.9%

4.5%

1.2%

4.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

people mostly look

out for them-selves

. . . . . . . . . people mostly try to be

helpful

| people mostly look

out for them-selves

. . . . . . . . . people mostly try to be

helpful


Would you say that most of the time people try to be helpful or that they are mostly looking out for themselves?

All Respondents

2012 2014


Figure8.1.4. SocialTrustMeans

8.2. Off-LineSocialLife

Finally,regardingface-to-facesocializing,theoverwhelmingmajorityofrespondentsinbothcommunitiesspendstimewithcloserelativesonadailybasis(Figure8.2.1).Abouthalf of the respondents (slightlymore in the Turkish-Cypriot community)meet otherrelatives or friends and acquaintances a few times a week (Figures 8.2.2 - 8.2.3).SocializingwithcolleaguesoutsidetheworkenvironmentisnotsocommonforGreek-Cypriots, as themajority engages in such activities never or almost never. Social tiesaroundworkseemtobestrongeramongTurkish-Cypriots(Figure8.2.4).

Figure8.2.1. TimeSpentwithCloseRelatives

Figure8.2.2. TimeSpentwithOtherRelatives

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

9"

10"

Mean"Greek3Cypriots"2012" Mean"Greek3Cypriots"2014" Mean"Turkish3Cypriost"2012" Mean"Turkish3Cypriots"2014"

Social"Trust"

All"respondents"

Most"People"Can"Be"Trusted"[10]"or"You"Can’t"Be"Too"Careful"in"Dealing"with"People"[0]"

Most"People"Would"Try"to"Take"Advantage"of"You"If"They"Got"the"Chance"[10]"or"Would"They"Try"to"Be"Fair"[0]"

Most"of"the"Time"People"Try"to"Be"Helpful"[10]"or"They"Are"Mostly"Looking"Out"for"Themselves"[0]"

89.1%&

82.4%&

7.7%&

9.8%&

1.7%&

6.0%&

0.8%&

1.3%&

0.8%&

0.6%&

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

How&o0en&do&you&spend&8me&with&close&rela8ves&(parents,&siblings,&spouse&or&partner,&children)?&2014&All&Respondents&

Daily or almost daily A few times a week A few times a month A few times a year Never or almost never

8.7%%

16.4%%

47.5%%

57.2%%

29.1%%

14.3%%

11.0%%

9.5%%

3.7%%

2.6%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

How%o1en%do%you%spend%9me%with%other%rela9ves?%2014%All%Respondents%



Figure8.2.3. TimeSpentwithFriendsandAcquaintances

Figure8.2.4. TimeSpentwithColleaguesoutsidetheWorkEnvironment

29.1%&

21.2%&

43.8%&

53.3%&

22.7%&

16.5%&

2.4%&

8.3%&

1.9%&

0.7%&

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

How&o1en&do&you&spend&9me&with&friends&and&acquaintances?&2014&All&Respondents&


3.6%%

6.5%%

5.8%%

6.5%%

16.5%%

28.2%%

15.5%%

22.5%%

58.5%%

36.3%%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

GREEK CYPRIOTS

TURKISH CYPRIOTS

How%o-en%do%you%spend%5me%with%collegues%outside%the%work%environment?%2014%All%Respondents%


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