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World Internet ProjectFinal Report

2012The Internet in Cyprus

Department of Communication and Internet Studies

Cyprus University of Technology (CUT)

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CYPRUS'UNIVERSITY'OF'TECHNOLOGY'DEPARTMENT'OF'COMMUNICATION'AND'INTERNET'STUDIES'

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THE$INTERNET$IN$CYPRUS$2012$!!!!!

FINAL'REPORT'!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

December'2013'!

!!!CREDITS$!!

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WIP!Representative!in!Cyprus!

Professor!Nicolas!Demertzis!University!of!Athens!

!Core!Research!Team!

Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni!!Dr!Stelios!Stylianou!

Cyprus!University!of!Technology,!Principal!Investigators!Professor!Nicolas!Demertzis!

University!of!Athens!!Contributing!Authors!

Dr!Stelios!Stylianou!!Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni!Konstantinos!Vadratsikas!

Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!!

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Preferred!Citation:!

Cyprus!University!of!Technology.!!2013.!!The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012.!!Unpublished!Report.!!Dimitra!L.!Milioni!and!Stelios!Stylianou,!Principal!Investigators.!Limassol.!

!!!©!2012!Department!of!Communication!and!Internet!Studies,!Cyprus!University!of!Technology!! !

The!Internet!in!Cyprus!2012!!

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DETAILED!CREDITS$!2008$Wave$!

Representative!of!WIP!in!Cyprus!and!Principal!Investigator!

Professor!Nicolas!Demertzis!University!of!Athens!!

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Project!Director!

Dr!Dimitra!Milioni,!Lecturer!Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!

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Research!Team!and!Contributing!Authors!

Dr!Vassilis!Gialamas,!Associate!Professor!University!of!Athens!!

Dr!Christopher!Kyriakides,!Assistant!Professor!Dr!Eleni!A.!Kyza,!Lecturer!Dr!Lambros!Lambrinos,!Lecturer!Dr!Dionysis!Panos,!Lecturer!Dr!Nicolas!Tsapatsoulis,!Assistant!Professor!

Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!

Research!Consultants!

Dr!Angeliki!Gazi!University!of!Athens!

Dr!Michalis!Vryonides!Symmetron!MRCI!Ltd!!

!2010$Wave$!

Principal!Investigator!and!WIP!Representative!in!Cyprus!


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Project!Director!

Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni,!Lecturer!Cyprus!University!of!Technology!

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Research!Team!and!Contributing!Authors!

Dr!Vaia!Doudaki,!Lecturer!Cyprus!University!of!Technology!

Dr!Vassilis!Gialamas,!Associate!Professor!University!of!Athens!!

Dr!Christopher!Kyriakides,!Assistant!Professor!Dr!Eleni!A.!Kyza,!Lecturer!Dr!Lambros!Lambrinos,!Lecturer!Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni,!Lecturer!Dr!Dionysis!Panos,!Lecturer!Dr!Korinna!Patelis,!Assistant!Professor!Dr!Stelios!Stylianou,!Associate!Professor!Dr!Nicolas!Tsapatsoulis,!Assistant!Professor!

Cyprus!University!of!Technology!


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!Research!Consultants!

Dr!Angeliki!Gazi!University!of!Athens!

Dr!Michalis!Vryonides!Symmetron!MRCI!Ltd!

!2012$Wave$!WIP!Representative!in!Cyprus!


!Core!Research!Team!

Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni,!Assistant!Professor!Dr!Stelios!Stylianou,!Associate!Professor!

Cyprus!University!of!Technology,!Principal!Investigators!Professor!Nicolas!Demertzis!

University!of!Athens!!Research!Associates!

Dr!Bulent!Kanol!Dr!Bilinc!Dolmaci!Muharrem!Amcazade!!Eliz!Tefik!

The!Management!Center!Konstantinos!Vadratsikas!

Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!Research!Assistants!

Yiota!Constanti!Antonia!Gregoriou!Konstantinos!Kivyttis!Venetia!Papa!Zenon!Theodosiou!Yiannis!Xenophontos!

Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!Contributing!Authors!

Dr!Stelios!Stylianou,!Associate!Professor!Dr!Dimitra!L.!Milioni,!Assistant!Professor!Konstantinos!Vadratsikas,!Research!Fellow!

Cyprus!University!of!Technology!!!! !


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!!TABLE&OF&CONTENTS!AND$FIGURES$!CREDITS! 2!DETAILED!CREDITS! 3!2008!WAVE! 3!2010!WAVE! 3!2012!WAVE! 4!

TABLE!OF!CONTENTS!AND!FIGURES! 5!EXECUTIVE!SUMMARY! 10!INTRODUCTION! 13!THE!PROJECT! 13!METHODOLOGY! 13!PRESENTATION!OF!THE!RESULTS! 13!

PART!1.! INTERNET!USE!IN!THE!GREEK\CYPRIOT!COMMUNITY!(2008\2012)! 15!1.1.! INTERNET!ACCESS!AND!USE! 15!1.1.1.! INTERNET!PENETRATION! 15!Figure!1.1.1.1.! Internet!use! 15!Figure!1.1.1.2.! Internet!use!by!district! 16!1.1.2.! INTERNET!USE!BY!ACCESS!LOCATION! 16!Figure!1.1.2.1.! Internet!access!from!various!locations! 16!Figure!1.1.2.2.! Hours!of!internet!use!per!week!from!various!locations! 17!1.1.3.! TYPE!OF!INTERNET!CONNECTION!AT!HOME! 17!Figure!1.1.3.1.! Type!of!connection!at!home! 17!1.1.4.! DIGITAL!DIVIDE! 17!Figure!1.1.4.1.! Internet!use!by!gender! 18!Figure!1.1.4.2.! Internet!use!by!age! 18!Figure!1.1.4.3.! Internet!Use!by!educational!level! 19!Figure!1.1.4.4.! Internet!use!by!employment!status! 19!Figure!1.1.4.5.! Internet!use!by!income! 20!Figure!1.1.4.6.! Figure!Internet!use!by!area!type! 20!Figure!1.1.4.7.! Internet!use!by!citizenship! 21!Figure!1.1.4.8.! Internet!use!by!children!in!the!household! 21!1.1.5.! INTERNET!NON\USE! 21!Figure!1.1.5.1.! Internet!Users,!Ex\Users!and!Never\Users! 22!Figure!1.1.5.2.! Reasons!for!not!using!the!internet! 22!Figure!1.1.5.3.! Reasons!for!stopping!using!the!internet! 23!Figure!1.1.5.4.! Likelihood!of!using!the!internet!within!next!year! 23!1.2.! SOURCES!OF!INFORMATION!AND!ENTERTAINMENT! 24!1.2.1.! THE!INTERNET! 24!Figure!1.2.1.1.! Importance!of!the!internet!for!information! 24!Figure!1.2.1.2.! Internet!reliability! 24!Figure!1.2.1.3.! Importance!of!the!internet!for!entertainment! 25!1.2.2.! TELEVISION! 25!Figure!1.2.2.1.! Importance!of!television!for!information! 25!Figure!1.2.2.2.! Importance!of!television!for!entertainment! 26!1.2.3.! NEWSPAPERS! 26!Figure!1.2.3.1.! Importance!of!newspapers!for!information! 26!Figure!1.2.3.2.! Importance!of!newspapers!for!entertainment! 27!1.2.4.! RADIO! 27!Figure!1.2.4.1.! Importance!of!radio!for!information! 27!


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Figure!1.2.4.2.! Importance!of!radio!for!entertainment! 28!1.2.5.! INTERPERSONAL!SOURCES! 28!Figure!1.2.5.1.! Importance!of!interpersonal!sources!for!information! 28!1.3.! TRADITIONAL!MEDIA!USE! 28!1.3.1.! TELEVISION! 28!Figure!1.3.1.1.! Hours!of!TV!viewing! 29!1.3.2.! RADIO! 29!Figure!1.3.2.1.! Hours!of!radio!listening! 29!1.3.3.! NEWSPAPERS! 29!Figure!1.3.3.1.! Hours!of!newspaper!reading! 30!1.3.4.! COMPARISON!OF!INTERNET!USERS!AND!NON\USERS! 30!Figure!1.3.4.1.! Hours!of!TV!viewing!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 30!Figure!1.3.4.2.! Hours!of!radio!listening!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 31!Figure!1.3.4.3.! Hours!of!newspaper!reading!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 31!Figure!1.3.4.4.! Hours!of!use!of!traditional!media! 32!1.4.! SOCIAL!RELATIONSHIPS!AND!COMMUNICATION! 32!1.4.1.! SOCIAL!RELATIONSHIPS! 32!Figure!1.4.1.1.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!hobbies! 32!Figure!1.4.1.2.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!political!views! 33!Figure!1.4.1.3.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!religious!beliefs! 33!Figure!1.4.1.4.! Contact!with!colleagues! 34!Figure!1.4.1.5.! Contact!with!family! 34!Figure!1.4.1.6.! Contact!with!friends! 35!1.4.2.! TIME!SPENT!WITH!FRIENDS!AND!FAMILY! 35!Figure!1.4.2.1.! Time!spent!with!family! 35!Figure!1.4.2.2.! Time!spent!with!friends! 36!Figure!1.4.2.3.! Hours!spent!with!family!per!week.! 36!Figure!1.4.2.4.! Hours!spent!with!friends!per!week! 37!1.4.3.! COMMUNICATION!WITH!OTHER!PEOPLE! 37!Figure!1.4.3.1.! E\mail!use! 37!Figure!1.4.3.2.! Instant!messaging! 38!Figure!1.4.3.3.! Participation!in!chat!rooms! 38!Figure!1.4.3.4.! Sending!e\mail!attachments! 39!Figure!1.4.3.5.! Calls!over!the!internet! 39!Figure!1.4.3.6.! Working!on!blogs! 40!Figure!1.4.3.7.! Posting!photos!or!pictures!on!the!internet! 40!Figure!1.4.3.8.! Uploading!music!videos! 41!Figure!1.4.3.9.! Participation!in!discussion!boards! 41!Figure!1.4.3.10.! Updating!status! 42!Figure!1.4.3.11.! Commenting!on!blogs!and!message!boards! 42!1.4.4.! MULTITASKING! 42!Figure!1.4.4.1.! Multitasking! 43!1.5.! ONLINE!ACTIVITIES! 43!1.5.1.! INFORMATION!RELATED!ONLINE!ACTIVITIES! 43!Figure!1.5.1.1.! Looking!for!news! 43!Figure!1.5.1.2.! Looking!for!a!job! 44!Figure!1.5.1.3.! Reading!blogs! 44!Figure!1.5.1.4.! Looking!for!humorous!content! 45!Figure!1.5.1.5.! Looking!for!travel!information! 45!Figure!1.5.1.6.! Looking!for!health!information! 46!Figure!1.5.1.7.! Getting!information!about!a!product! 46!1.5.2.! ONLINE!TRANSACTIONS! 46!Figure!1.5.2.1.! Buying!online! 47!Figure!1.5.2.2.! Paying!bills! 47!Figure!1.5.2.3.! Online!banking! 47!Figure!1.5.2.4.! Investing!online! 48!Figure!1.5.2.5.! Making!travel!arrangements! 48!1.5.3.! SECURITY!CONCERNS! 48!Figure!1.5.3.1.! Concerns!about!security!of!online!transactions! 49!


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1.5.4.! ONLINE!ENTERTAINMENT! 49!Figure!1.5.4.1.! Playing!games! 49!Figure!1.5.4.2.! Online!music! 50!Figure!1.5.4.3.! Online!videos! 50!Figure!1.5.4.4.! Religious!sites! 50!Figure!1.5.4.5.! Online!radio! 51!Figure!1.5.4.6.! Betting!and!gambling!online! 51!Figure!1.5.4.7.! Surfing!the!web! 51!Figure!1.5.4.8.! Online!sexual!content! 52!Figure!1.5.4.9.! Social!networking!sites! 52!1.5.5.! ONLINE!LEARNING! 52!Figure!1.5.5.1.! Online!learning!\!word!definitions! 53!Figure!1.5.5.2.! Online!learning!–!fact!checking! 53!Figure!1.5.5.3.! Online!learning!\!school!related!information! 53!Figure!1.5.5.4.! Online!learning!\!distance!learning! 54!1.6.! PERCEPTIONS!ABOUT!SOCIAL!AND!POLITICAL!LIFE! 54!1.6.1.! POLITICAL!EFFICACY! 54!Figure!1.6.1.1.! Political!self\placement!on!the!left\right!axis! 54!Figure!1.6.1.2.! Increase!of!personal!political!power! 55!Figure!1.6.1.3.! Increase!of!personal!influence!on!governmental!actions! 55!Figure!1.6.1.4.! Increase!of!officials’!interest!in!what!people!think! 56!Figure!1.6.1.5.! Better!understanding!of!politics! 56!Figure!1.6.1.6.! Importance!of!the!internet!during!pre\election!campaigns.! 57!1.6.2.! SOCIAL!TRUST! 57!Figure!1.6.2.1.! Figure!Most!people!can!be!trusted! 57!Figure!1.6.2.2.! Most!people!will!try!to!take!advantage!of!you! 58!Figure!1.6.2.3.! Most!people!will!try!to!be!helpful! 58!1.7.! FREEDOM!OF!EXPRESSION!AND!SURVEILLANCE! 58!1.7.1.! FREEDOM!OF!EXPRESSION! 58!Figure!1.7.1.1.! Freedom!of!expression!on!political!issues! 59!Figure!1.7.1.2.! Political!expression!online! 59!Figure!1.7.1.3.! Criticizing!government!online! 60!Figure!1.7.1.4.! Expression!of!extreme!ideas!online! 60!Figure!1.7.1.5.! Government!regulation!of!the!internet! 61!1.7.2.! SURVEILLANCE! 61!Figure!1.7.2.1.! Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!the!government! 61!Figure!1.7.2.2.! Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!companies! 62!

PART!2.! INTERNET!USE!IN!THE!GREEK\CYPRIOT!AND!TURKISH\CYPRIOT!COMMUNITIES!(2012)! 63!2.1.! INTERNET!ACCESS!AND!USE! 63!2.1.1.! INTERNET!PENETRATION! 63!Figure!2.1.1.1.! Internet!use! 63!2.1.2.! INTERNET!USE!BY!ACCESS!LOCATION! 63!Figure!2.1.2.1.! Internet!access!from!various!locations! 64!Figure!2.1.2.2.! Hours!of!internet!use!per!week!from!various!locations! 64!2.1.3.! TYPE!OF!INTERNET!CONNECTION!AT!HOME! 64!Figure!2.1.3.1.! Type!of!connection!at!home! 65!2.1.4.! DIGITAL!DIVIDE! 65!Figure!2.1.4.1.! Internet!use!by!gender! 65!Figure!2.1.4.2.! Internet!use!by!age! 66!Figure!2.1.4.3.! Internet!Use!by!educational!level! 66!Figure!2.1.4.4.! Internet!use!by!employment!status! 67!Figure!2.1.4.5.! Internet!use!by!income! 67!Figure!2.1.4.6.! Internet!use!by!area!type! 68!Figure!2.1.4.7.! Internet!use!by!citizenship! 68!Figure!2.1.4.8.! Internet!use!by!children!in!the!household! 69!2.1.5.! INTERNET!NON\USE! 69!Figure!2.1.5.1.! Internet!Users,!Ex\Users!and!Never\Users! 69!Figure!2.1.5.2.! Reasons!for!not!using!the!internet! 70!


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Figure!2.1.5.3.! Likelihood!of!using!the!internet!within!next!year! 70!2.2.! SOURCES!OF!INFORMATION!AND!ENTERTAINMENT! 70!2.2.1.! THE!INTERNET! 70!Figure!2.2.1.1.! Importance!of!the!internet!for!information! 71!Figure!2.2.1.2.! Internet!reliability! 71!Figure!2.2.1.3.! Importance!of!the!internet!for!entertainment! 72!2.2.2.! TELEVISION! 72!Figure!2.2.2.1.! Importance!of!television!for!information! 72!Figure!2.2.2.2.! Importance!of!television!for!entertainment! 73!2.2.3.! NEWSPAPERS! 73!Figure!2.2.3.1.! Importance!of!newspapers!for!information! 73!Figure!2.2.3.2.! Importance!of!newspapers!for!entertainment! 74!2.2.4.! RADIO! 74!Figure!2.2.4.1.! Importance!of!radio!for!information! 74!Figure!2.2.4.2.! Importance!of!radio!for!entertainment! 75!2.2.5.! INTERPERSONAL!SOURCES! 75!Figure!2.2.5.1.! Importance!of!interpersonal!sources!for!information! 75!2.3.! TRADITIONAL!MEDIA!USE! 75!2.3.1.! TELEVISION! 75!Figure!2.3.1.1.! Hours!of!TV!viewing! 76!2.3.2.! RADIO! 76!Figure!2.3.2.1.! Hours!of!radio!listening! 76!2.3.3.! NEWSPAPERS! 76!Figure!2.3.3.1.! Hours!of!newspaper!reading! 77!2.3.4.! COMPARISON!OF!INTERNET!USERS!AND!NON\USERS! 77!Figure!2.3.4.1.! Hours!of!TV!viewing!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 77!Figure!2.3.4.2.! Hours!of!radio!listening!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 78!Figure!2.3.4.3.! Hours!of!newspaper!reading!(users!and!non\users!of!the!internet)! 78!Figure!2.3.4.4.! Hours!of!use!of!traditional!media! 79!2.4.! SOCIAL!RELATIONSHIPS!AND!COMMUNICATION! 79!2.4.1.! SOCIAL!RELATIONSHIPS! 79!Figure!2.4.1.1.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!hobbies! 79!Figure!2.4.1.2.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!political!views! 80!Figure!2.4.1.3.! Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!religious!beliefs! 80!Figure!2.4.1.4.! Contact!with!colleagues! 81!Figure!2.4.1.5.! Contact!with!family! 81!Figure!2.4.1.6.! Contact!with!friends! 82!2.4.2.! TIME!SPENT!WITH!FRIENDS!AND!FAMILY! 82!Figure!2.4.2.1.! Time!spent!with!family! 82!Figure!2.4.2.2.! Time!spent!with!friends! 83!Figure!2.4.2.3.! Hour!spent!with!family!per!week.! 83!Figure!2.4.2.4.! Hours!spent!with!friends!per!week! 84!2.4.3.! COMMUNICATION!WITH!OTHER!PEOPLE! 84!Figure!2.4.3.1.! E\mail!use! 84!Figure!2.4.3.2.! Instant messaging! 85!Figure!2.4.3.3.! Participation!in!chat!rooms! 85!Figure!2.4.3.4.! Sending!e\mail!attachments! 86!Figure!2.4.3.5.! Calls!over!the!internet! 86!Figure!2.4.3.6.! Working!on!blogs! 87!Figure!2.4.3.7.! Posting!photos!or!pictures!on!the!internet! 87!Figure!2.4.3.8.! Uploading!music!videos! 88!Figure!2.4.3.9.! Participation!in!discussion!boards! 88!Figure!2.4.3.10.! Updating!status! 89!Figure!2.4.3.11.! Commenting!on!blogs!and!message!boards! 89!2.4.4.! MULTITASKING! 89!Figure!2.4.4.1.! Multitasking! 90!2.5.! ONLINE!ACTIVITIES! 90!2.5.1.! INFORMATION!RELATED!ONLINE!ACTIVITIES! 90!Figure!2.5.1.1.! Looking!for!news! 90!


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Figure!2.5.1.2.! Looking!for!a!job! 91!Figure!2.5.1.3.! Reading!blogs! 91!Figure!2.5.1.4.! Looking!for!humorous!content! 92!Figure!2.5.1.5.! Looking!for!travel!information! 92!Figure!2.5.1.6.! Looking!for!health!information! 93!Figure!2.5.1.7.! Getting!information!about!a!product! 93!2.5.2.! ONLINE!TRANSACTIONS! 93!Figure!2.5.2.1.! Buying!online! 94!Figure!2.5.2.2.! Paying!bills! 94!Figure!2.5.2.3.! Online!banking! 95!Figure!2.5.2.4.! Investing!online! 95!Figure!2.5.2.5.! Making!travel!arrangements! 95!2.5.3.! SECURITY!CONCERNS! 95!Figure!2.5.3.1.! Concerns!about!security!of!online!transactions! 96!2.5.4.! ONLINE!ENTERTAINMENT! 96!Figure!2.5.4.1.! Playing!games! 96!Figure!2.5.4.2.! Online!music! 97!Figure!2.5.4.3.! Online!videos! 97!Figure!2.5.4.4.! Religious!sites! 97!Figure!2.5.4.5.! Online!radio! 98!Figure!2.5.4.6.! Betting!and!gambling!online! 98!Figure!2.5.4.7.! Surfing!the!web! 98!Figure!2.5.4.8.! Online!sexual!content! 99!Figure!2.5.4.9.! Social!networking!sites! 99!2.5.5.! ONLINE!LEARNING! 99!Figure!2.5.5.1.! Online!learning!\!word!definitions! 100!Figure!2.5.5.2.! Online!learning!–!fact!checking! 100!Figure!2.5.5.3.! Online!learning!\!school!related!information! 100!Figure!2.5.5.4.! Online!learning!\!distance!learning! 101!2.6.! PERCEPTIONS!ABOUT!SOCIAL!AND!POLITICAL!LIFE! 101!2.6.1.! POLITICAL!EFFICACY! 101!Figure!2.6.1.1.! Political!self\placement!on!the!left\right!axis! 101!Figure!2.6.1.2.! Increase!of!personal!political!power! 102!Figure!2.6.1.3.! Increase!of!personal!influence!on!governmental!actions! 102!Figure!2.6.1.4.! Increase!of!officials’!interest!in!what!people!think! 103!Figure!2.6.1.5.! Better!understanding!of!politics! 103!Figure!2.6.1.6.! Importance!of!internet!during!the!pre\election!campaigns.! 104!2.6.2.! SOCIAL!TRUST! 104!Figure!2.6.2.1.! Most!people!can!be!trusted! 104!Figure!2.6.2.2.! Most!people!will!try!to!take!advantage!of!you! 105!Figure!2.6.2.3.! Most!people!will!try!to!be!helpful! 105!2.7.! FREEDOM!OF!EXPRESSION!AND!SURVEILLANCE! 105!2.7.1.! FREEDOM!OF!EXPRESSION! 105!Figure!2.7.1.1.! Freedom!of!expression!on!political!issues! 106!Figure!2.7.1.2.! Political!expression!online! 106!Figure!2.7.1.3.! Criticizing!government!online! 107!Figure!2.7.1.4.! Expression!of!extreme!ideas!online! 107!Figure!2.7.1.5.! Government!regulation!of!the!internet! 108!2.7.2.! SURVEILLANCE! 108!Figure!2.7.2.1.! Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!the!government! 108!Figure!2.7.2.2.! Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!companies! 109!

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!!EXECUTIVE(SUMMARY$!The!third!wave!of!the!World!Internet!Project!survey!in!Cyprus!was!conducted!in!the!fall!of!2012!in!both!the!Greek\Cypriot!and!the!Turkish\Cypriot!communities.!!The!data!were!collected! by! two! telephone! surveys,! one! in! the! Greek\Cypriot! community! with! a!probability! sample! of! 1000! persons! aged! 15! or! over! and! one! in! the! Turkish\Cypriot!community!with!a!probability!sample!of!1007!persons!aged!15!or!over.!!In!the!first!part!of! the! report,!we!present! trends! in! internet!use! in! the!Greek\Cypriot! community! from!2008!to!2012.!!In!the!second!part,!we!present!a!comparison!between!the!Greek\Cypriot!and!the!Turkish\Cypriot!communities!in!2012.!!!! Internet! penetration! in! the! Greek\Cypriot! community! has! been! rising! steadily!from! 49.7%! in! 2008! to! 57.8%! in! 2010! to! 61.6%! in! 2012.! ! In! 2012,! almost! all! Greek\Cypriot! users! (95.9%)! accessed! the! internet! at! home! (the! overwhelming!majority! via!broadband! connection)! while! 70%! of! those! employed! and! 68.8%! of! those! at! school!accessed!the!internet!from!work!and!school!respectively.!!!! With! respect! to! the! digital! divide,! in! 2012,! male! users! still! prevailed! by! 12!percentage!points,!although!internet!use!among!women!continues!to!increase.!!Internet!use! is! negatively! correlated! with! age! and! positively! correlated! with! educational!attainment!and!income.!!!! The!internet!has!been!gaining!importance!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community!both!as! a! source! of! information! and! as! a! source! of! entertainment.! ! Still,! the! importance! of!television,!radio!and!print!newspapers!has!not!diminished.!!Greek\Cypriots!who!do!not!use! the! internet! spend!more! time!watching! television! than! internet!users,!while! there!are! no! apparent! differences! between! users! and! non\users! with! respect! to! reading!newspapers!and!listening!to!the!radio.!!!! The! use! of! the! internet! seems! to! be! contributing! positively! in! Greek\Cypriots'!social! life,!as! it! is!associated!with!slight! to!moderate! increases! in! the!contacts!of!users!with!people!of!similar!interests,!political!ideologies!and!religious!beliefs,!as!well!as!with!people! in! the! same!profession!and!with! family!members!and! friends.! !With! respect! to!communication! with! other! people,! email! remains! the! most! popular! form! of!communication!and!its!importance!seems!to!be!growing.!!Increases!are!also!observed!in!instant!messaging,! chat! room!participation,! sending! email! attachments,!making!phone!calls! over! the! internet! and! updating! one’s! status! in! social! media;! at! the! same! time,!working!on!blogs,!posting!photos!or!pictures,!uploading!music!videos,!participating! in!discussion! boards! and! commenting! on! blogs! and! message! boards! have! remained!relatively!stable!since!2008!in!terms!of!frequency!of!involvement.!!!! Beyond!the!social!use!of!the!internet,!several!other!activities,!such!as!looking!for!news,!jobs!and!humorous!content,!looking!for!travel,!heath!and!product!information!and!reading!blogs,!seem!to!be!gaining!popularity!among!Greek\Cypriot!users.!!An!increase!is!also!observed! in!buying! things!and!paying!bills!online,! electronic!banking!and!making!travel! reservations.! ! Still,! Greek\Cypriots! are! becoming! increasingly! more! concerned!about!the!security!of!online!transactions.!!!! With!respect!to!internet!use!for!entertainment,!web!browsing!is!by!far!the!most!popular! activity! among!Greek\Cypriots,!while!visiting! religious!websites! and!gambling!are!the!least!popular.!Downloading!music!and!videos,! listening!to!online!radio!stations!and!visiting!social!networking!and!video\sharing!websites!are!also!on!the!rise.!!!


11!!

! Greek\Cypriot!users!increasingly!perceive!the!internet!as!a!safe!means!of!political!talk! as! well! as! an! effective! means! of! gaining! political! awareness! and! power.! ! Most!respondents!also!support!freedom!of!expression!on!the!internet,!although!about!four!in!ten! support! more! governmental! regulation! of! the! internet.! ! Finally,! Greek\Cypriot!internet! users! seem! to! be! becoming! more! and! more! worried! with! respect! to! online!privacy.!! Turning! to! the! comparison! of! the! two! communities,! we! observe! that,! in! both!communities,! around! 60%! of! the! respondents! used! the! internet! during! 2012,! with! a!slightly! higher! percentage! observed! on! the! Greek\Cypriot! side! (61.6%! vs! 58.2%).! ! In!both! communities,! the! majority! of! internet! users! access! the! internet! from! home.! ! A!majority! of! Turkish\Cypriot! users! (56.0%)! and! an! overwhelming! majority! of! Greek\Cypriot!users!(89.7%)!connect!from!home!via!broadband!connection.!!Connecting!to!the!internet!via!a!phone!modem!is!unusual!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community;!in!the!Turkish\Cypriot! community! it! occurs! at! a! rate! of! 32.0%.! ! Internet! access! at! school! is! more!prevalent! in! the! Greek\Cypriot! community.! ! ! A! higher! percentage! of! Turkish\Cypriots!access!the!internet!from!mobile!devices.!!Overall!Greek\Cypriots!spend!more!time!on!the!internet!than!Turkish\Cypriots.!! With!respect!to!the!digital!divide,!there!is!a!slightly!larger!gap!in!the!prevalence!of! internet! use!between!males! and! females! in! the!Turkish\Cypriot! community! (64.5%!among!males!vs!50.8%!among!females,!compared!to!67.5%!vs!55.7%!respectively!in!the!Greek\Cypriot! community).! ! Internet!use! correlates!negatively!with!age!and!positively!with!educational!attainment!and!income!in!both!communities.! !Rates!of!use!are!similar!in! urban! and! rural! areas! on! the! Greek\Cypriot! side,! while! Turkish\Cypriot! urbanites!seem! to! be! using! the! internet! at! a! higher! rate! compared! to! Turkish\Cypriot! rural!residents.!!!! The! internet! is! perceived! in! both! communities! as! an! important! source! of! both!information! and! entertainment.! ! Greek\Cypriots! tend! to! be! slightly! less! trustful! of! the!reliability!of!online! information.! !Most! internet!users! in!both! communities! report! that!television! is!an! important!or!very! important!source!of! information!and!entertainment.!!Turkish\Cypriot! internet!users!value!newspapers!as! sources!of! information!more! than!Greek\Cypriot!users!do.!!Most!Turkish\Cypriot!(61.0%)!and!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(54.5%)! believe! that! radio! is! an! important! or! very! important! source! of! information,!while! 60.4%! of! the! Greek\Cypriot! respondents! and! 53.3%! of! the! Turkish\Cypriot!respondents!consider!radio!as!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!entertainment.!!In! both! communities,! internet! non\users! spend! more! time! watching! television! than!internet! users,!while! internet! users! spend!more! time! listening! to! the! radio! than! non\users.!!Newspaper!reading!seems!to!be!unrelated!to!internet!use.!!!! In!both!communities,!the!use!of!the!internet!seems!to!be!contributing!positively!to!users'!social!life,!as!it!is!associated!with!slight!to!moderate!increases!in!the!contacts!of!users!with!people!of!similar!interests,!political!ideologies!and!religious!beliefs,!as!well!as!with! people! in! the! same! profession! and! with! family! members! and! friends.! Turkish\Cypriot!users!report!these!increases!at!a!higher!degree!compared!to!Greek\Cypriot!users,!with! the! exception! of! contact! with! people! in! one's! profession,! where! the! perceived!increase! in! contact! is! higher! in! the!Greek\Cypriot! sample.! ! In! both! communities,! non\users! spend! more! time! with! their! families! than! users.! ! Greek! Cypriot! users! report!spending!more!time!with!their!friends!than!non\users,!while!internet!use!in!the!Turkish\Cypriot!community!does!not!seem!to!be!related!to!the!amount!of!time!Turkish\Cypriots!spend!with! their! friends.! !Greek\Cypriots!use!email!and!email!attachments!more!often!that! Turkish\Cypriots,! who! seem! to! be! significantly! more! active! in! blogging,! posting!


12!!

pictures!and!videos!online!and!participating!in!discussion!boards.!!Turkish\Cypriots!also!use! instant!messaging!and!update! their! status! in! social!media!more!often! than!Greek\Cypriots,! while! no! important! differences! between! the! two! communities! are! observed!regarding!participation!in!chat!rooms!and!internet!phone!calls.!!!! Greek\Cypriots! use! the! internet! on! a! daily! basis! in! order! to! gather! news!information!and!to!look!for!employment!at!a!higher!rate!compared!to!Turkish\Cypriots.!!Greek\Cypriots! also! visit!websites!with! humorous! content,! use! the! internet! for! health!information,! look! for! consumer! information,!buy! things!online,!do!online! transactions,!use! online! banking! services! and! make! online! travel! reservations! more! often.! ! No!apparent!differences!were!noted!between!the!two!communities!regarding!the!search!for!travel!information!and!online!investment.!!Greek\Cypriots!are!also!more!skeptical!about!the!safety!of!their!online!transactions.!!!! With! respect! to! entertainment,! Turkish\Cypriots! use! the! internet! for! playing!games!more!often!than!do!Greek\Cypriots,!who!use!it!more!frequently!for!downloading!music! and! videos.! ! Browsing! is! by! far! the!most! popular! activity! in! both! communities,!whereas! visiting! religious! websites,! betting! and! looking! for! sexual! content! reported!relatively!infrequently.! !Social!networking!activities!and!listening!to!online!stations!are!more!popular!among!the!Greek\Cypriots.!!!! The!two!communities!are!about!equally!involved!in!using!the!internet!to!retrieve!school\related!information.!Greek\Cypriots!tend!to!use!the!internet!more!than!Turkish\Cypriots! to! look! up!word! definitions! and! for! fact! checking.! ! The! involvement! of! both!communities!in!distance!learning!activities!is!minimal.!!!! Skepticism!about!the!possibility!of!gaining!political!efficacy!through!the!internet!is!higher!among!Turkish\Cypriots,!as!45.1%!(vs!35.6%!of!Greek\Cypriots)!do!not!believe!that! the! internet! can! increase! their! influence! on! politics! and! 31.8%! (21.8%!of! Greek\Cypriots)!are!uncertain!on!this!issue.!!Most!users!in!both!communities!remain!skeptical!as! to! whether! the! use! of! the! internet! can! increase! one’s! personal! impact! on!governmental! decisions! and! actions.! The! majority! in! both! communities! also! remains!skeptical!as!to!whether!the!internet!can!increase!public!officials'!interest!in!what!people!think.! !Yet,!Greek\Cypriot!respondents!evaluate!the! internet’s!potential!contribution!to!the!understanding!of!political!processes!more!positively!than!Turkish\Cypriots!do.!!The!majority!of!Greek\Cypriots! (77.2%)!and!about!half! of!Turkish\Cypriots! (49.9%)!are! in!favor!of!the!freedom!to!criticize!the!government!online.! !A!higher!percentage!of!Greek\Cypriots! (59.4%)! than! of! Turkish\Cypriots! (35.4%)! is! in! favor! of! freedom! to! express!even! extreme! ideas! online.! Still,! more! than! four! in! ten! Greek\Cypriot! respondents!(42.9%)!support!that!the!government!should!regulate!the!internet!more,!while!only!37.1%!of! Turkish\Cypriots! does! so.! ! At! the! same! time! however,! 37.6%! of! Greek\Cypriots!disagree! or! strongly! disagree! with! more! regulation.! ! Finally,! Greek\Cypriot! internet!users! are! less! likely! than! Turkish\Cypriot! users! to! worry! about! having! their! online!activity!monitored!by!the!state!or!the!private!sector.!!!! !


13!!

!!!!!INTRODUCTION$!The$Project$!The! "World! Internet! Project! Cyprus",! implemented! by! the! Department! of!Communication!and!Internet!Studies!and!funded!by!the!Cyprus!University!of!Technology,!is! part! of! the! "World! Internet! Project"! ongoing! research! program,! directed! by! the!Annenberg!School!Center!for!the!Digital!Future!at!the!University!of!Southern!California,!with!more!than!20!participating!countries.! !The!first!wave!of!the!survey!in!Cyprus!was!conducted! in! late!2008!and!the!second! in! the!spring!of!2010.!This!report!presents! the!results! of! the! third! wave! of! the! survey,! conducted! in! the! fall! of! 2012! in! both! Greek\Cypriot!and!Turkish\Cypriot! communities.! !Part!1!of! the! report!presents! the! trends! in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community!from!2008\2012.!!Results!from!the!first!two!waves!of!the!survey! are! presented! together! with! the! 2012! results.! Part! 2! presents! a! comparison!between!the!Greek\Cypriot!and!the!Turkish\Cypriot!communities!in!2012.!!!!Methodology$!Data!for!the!third!wave!of!the!WIP!Cyprus!survey!were!collected!in!the!fall!of!2012!by!two!telephone!surveys,!one!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community!with!a!probability!sample!of! 1000! persons! aged! 15! or! over! and! one! in! the! Turkish\Cypriot! community! with! a!probability! sample! of! 1007! persons! aged! 15! or! over.! ! The! population! of! interest!was!defined!as!all!people!15!years!of!age!and!above!who!live!in!Cyprus!and!can!communicate!in! Greek,! Turkish,! or! English.! ! Telephone! interviews! were! conducted! with! individual!participants! selected! randomly! within! households! that! were! selected! by! a! stratified!random! design! from! the! telephone! directory! in! each! community! (landline! numbers!only).!!The!sampling!was!proportionately!stratified!with!respect!to!district!and!area!type!(urban!vs!rural).!!The!instrument!used!in!both!surveys!was!a!standardized!questionnaire,!which!included!all!items!required!by!the!WIP!International!project!and!a!small!number!of!additional!items!representing!variables!of!theoretical!interest.!!The!questionnaire!was!translated! in! Greek! and! Turkish! but! was! also! available! in! English.! ! The! data! were!entered! manually! (Greek\Cypriot! community)! and! by! use! of! a! Computer! Assisted!Telephone! Interview! interface! (Turkish\Cypriot! community).! !Quality! control! revealed!no! significant!errors! in!data! construction.! !The! final!datasets!were!weighted!based!on!gender,!age!and!education.!!!!Presentation$of$the$Results$!This! report! contains! descriptive! presentation! of! all! variables! measured! in! the! 2012!survey!with!simultaneous!presentation!of!results!from!the!previous!waves!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community!(Part!1)!and!in!comparative!presentation!between!the!Greek\Cypriot!and!the!Turkish\Cypriot!communities!in!2012!(Part!2).!!The!presentation!is!done!using!mostly!bar!charts!of!relative! frequencies!and,! in!a! few!occasions,!variable!means.! !The!relative! frequencies! of! all! categories! (answer! options)! are! presented! on! the! bars,! in!


14!!

order!for!the!reader!to!know!the!percentages!exactly,!without!the!need!to!look!at!data!tables.! !Brief!comments!are!included,!mostly!to!direct!the!reader!smoothly!through!the!report!rather!than!to!discuss!the!etiology!of!what!is!reported.!!It!should!be!noted!that!for!simplicity!purposes!all!text!is!written!in!plain!language!and!all!figures!represent!center!point!estimates,!based!on!the!sample!statistics.!!Confidence!intervals!are!not!reported.!!! !


15!!

!!!!!PART$1. $

$$INTERNET&USE!IN#THE#GREEKGCYPRIOT(COMMUNITY$(2008G2012)$

!!!!!1.1. INTERNET$ACCESS$AND$USE$!1.1.1. Internet$Penetration$!As! presented! in! Figure! 1.1.1.1,! internet! use! among! the! general! population! of! Greek\Cypriots! has! increased! by! 3.8! percentage! points! since! 2010! and! by! 11.9! percentage!points!since!2008.!!!

!Figure'1.1.1.1. Internet!use!!Internet!use! seems! to!be! increasing! in!most!districts!of! the!Greek\Cypriot! community,!with!the!most!significant!increase!found!in!the!district!of!Ammohostos!(Figure!1.1.1.2).!!!

49.7%

57.8%

61.6%

50.3%

42.2%

38.4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

2008 2010 2012

Internet Use All respondents

Users Non-users


16!!

!Figure'1.1.1.2. Internet!use!by!district!!1.1.2. Internet$Use$by$Access$Location$!Figure! 1.1.2.1! illustrates! the! various! locations! from!which! Greek\Cypriot! users! access!the! internet.! !The!majority!of! internet!users!access!the! internet!from!home.! !There!are!important!increases!over!time!in!internet!use!from!school!and!other!locations,!while!the!percentage! of! people! who! access! the! internet! from! hand\held! devices,! such! as! cell\phones!and!tablets,!has!almost!doubled!since!2010.!!!

!Figure'1.1.2.1. Internet!access!from!various!locations!!On! average,!Greek\Cypriots! users!use! the! internet!18.2!hours!per!week! at! home,! 13.1!hours!per!week!at!work!and!7.9!hours!per!week!at!school,!while!the!average!cellphone!internet!use!is!11.7!hours!per!week!(Figure!1.1.2.2).!!

49.7%

56.6%

49.7% 49.4%

29.4%

37.3%

57.8%

65.1%

57.1%

50.3% 52.2%

41.5%

61.6%

52.7%

64.6%

69.6%

59.6%

78.4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

TOTAL Nicosia Limassol Larnaka Pafos Ammohostos

Internet Use by District All Respondents

2008 2010 2012

82.6%

62.5% 58.9%

18.2% 16.5%

88.2%

66.5%

53.8%

17.6%

22.5%

95.9%

70.0% 68.8%

31.0%

38.7%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

At Home - Base All Users At Work - Base Employed At School - Base Students Other Places - Base All Users Cellphone - Base All Users

Access to the Internet at Various Locations

2008 2010 2012


17!!

!Figure'1.1.2.2. Hours!of!internet!use!per!week!from!various!locations!!

1.1.3. Type$of$Internet$Connection$at$Home$!The! type! of! connection! Greek\Cypriots! use! to! access! the! internet! at! home! has! not!changed,! compared! to! the! previous!measurements,! as! broadband! internet!was! and! is!widespread!(Figure!1.1.3.1).!!!

!Figure'1.1.3.1. Type!of!connection!at!home!!1.1.4. Digital$Divide$!The! existence! of! a! digital! divide! is! apparent! in! terms! of! gender,! age,! education,!employment!status!and! income.! !Compared!to!the!previous!measurements,! there! is!no!significant!convergence!of! the! two!ends!of! this!divide.! !With!respect! to!gender!(Figure!1.1.4.1),! internet! use! among! women! continues! to! increase,! although! male! users! still!prevail!by!12!percentage!points.!!!

9.6

10.8

2.8

1.0

5.6

11.7

9.8

1.8

0.7

8.4

18.2

13.1

7.9

1.6

11.7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


Hours of Internet Use at Various Locations

2008 2010 2012

15.4%

83.6%

1.0% 0.0%

13.1%

86.1%

0.8% 0.0%

9.9%

89.7%

0.2% 0.2% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Phone modem Broadband (Always on) Mobile modem Other (open field)

Type of Internet Connection at Home Internet at Home Users

2008 2010 2012


18!!

!Figure'1.1.4.1. Internet!use!by!gender!!!Figure!1.1.4.2!shows!that,!although!internet!use!is!increasing!through!time!among!all!age!groups,!it!is!negatively!associated!with!age!at!any!given!time.!!

!Figure'1.1.4.2. Internet!use!by!age!!Educational!level!is!the!third!major!dimension!on!which!the!digital!divide!in!the!Greek\Cypriot! community! is! apparent! (Figure! 1.1.4.3).! ! Respondents! with! a! higher! level! of!education!are!much!more!likely!to!use!the!internet.!!

49.7%

54.2%

45.5%

57.8%

61.6%

54.4%

61.6%

67.7%

55.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

TOTAL Male Female

Internet Use by Gender All respondents

2008 2010 2012

49.70%

82.9%

70.8%

48.3%

38.0%

28.2%

6.5%

0.0%

57.80%

91.4%

79.9%

64.9%

45.3%

23.8%

12.8%

0.0%

61.60%

93.9%

85.0%

68.7%

52.7%

35.1%

17.6%

12.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

TOTAL 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-99

Internet Use by Age All Respondents

2008 2010 2012


19!!

!Figure'1.1.4.3. Internet!Use!by!educational!level!!Figure!1.1.4.4!shows!that!internet!use!is!higher!among!students!(high\school,!college!or!university)! at! a! rate! close! to! one! hundred! percent! (98.3%),!while! it! is! still! quite! low!among! housewives/househusbands! (22.6%)! and! pensioners! (19.1%).! ! Internet! use! is!higher!among!the!employed!(68.5%)!compared!to!the!unemployed!(60.0%).!!

!Figure'1.1.4.4. Internet!use!by!employment!status!!Income!is!clearly!positively!associated!with!internet!use!(Figure!1.1.4.5).!!

49.7%

1.6%

46.4%

39.9%

92.2%

75.5%

57.8%

3.4%

56.6%

45.9%

89.2%

79.6%

61.6%

4.0%

58.0%

53.8%

91.9%

81.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

TOTAL Primary Secondary Lyceum College/University student College/University Graduate

Internet Use by Educational Level All Respondents

2008 2010 2012

49.7%

92.8%

55.7%

38.1%

7.9% 5.2%

56.3% 57.8%

96.4%

63.8%

46.9%

16.5%

9.3%

83.3%

61.6%

98.3%

68.5%

60.0%

22.6% 19.1%

85.7%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

TOTAL Student Employed Unemployed Housewife or Househusband

Retired Other

Internet Use by Employment Status All Respondents

2008 2010 2012


20!!

!Figure'1.1.4.5. Internet!use!by!income!!As!indicated!by!Figure!1.1.4.6,!internet!use!is!about!equal!in!urban!and!rural!areas,!due!to!a!higher!rate!of!increase!in!the!latter!since!2008.!!

!Figure'1.1.4.6. Figure!Internet!use!by!area!type!!A!"reverse!divide"!is!observed!with!respect!to!citizenship.!!As!in!2008!and!2010,!internet!use! appears! to! be! higher! among! non\Cypriot! nationals! in! 2012.! ! As! shown! in! Figure!1.1.4.7,! the! difference! between! the! two! groups! is! also! increasing,! indicating! that! the!internet! is! becoming! more! important! for! the! foreigners! or! immigrants! who! live! in!Cyprus,!as!compared!to!Greek\Cypriots.!!!

49.7%

25.6%

38.3%

56.1% 58.8%

68.1%

57.8%

31.3%

42.0%

55.9%

73.0%

83.7%

61.6%

35.9%

47.4%

67.8%

79.3% 81.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

TOTAL Up to 1200 1201-2000 2001-3000 3001-4000 4001+

Internet Use by Family Income (Gross Euros per Month) All Respondents

2008 2010 2012

49.7%

53.6%

41.2%

57.8% 58.4% 56.4%

61.6% 60.7% 62.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

TOTAL Urban Rural

Internet Use by Area Type All Respondents

2008 2010 2012


21!!

!Figure'1.1.4.7. Internet!use!by!citizenship!!Finally,!although!not!a! factor! typically!accounted! for!as!a! form!of!digital!divide,! family!composition! seems! to! affect! internet! use,!with! a! positive! effect! of! the! presence! in! the!household!of!children!under!the!age!of!18!(Figure!1.1.4.8).!!

!Figure'1.1.4.8. Internet!use!by!children!in!the!household!!1.1.5. Internet$NonGUse$!Although!internet!use!has!increased!dramatically!in!Cyprus!since!2008,!the!percentage!of! people! who! started! using! the! internet! and! quit! increased! from! 5.9%! of! the! total!population!in!2010!to!10.5%!in!2012!(Figure!1.1.1.5).!!!

49.7% 49.0%

61.8%

57.8% 57.5%

67.7%

61.6% 60.1%

78.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

TOTAL Cypriot Other

Internet User by Citizenship All Respondents

2008 2010 2012

49.7%

57.2%

43.4%

57.8%

67.8%

48.7%

61.6%

72.1%

55.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

TOTAL Yes No

Internet Use by Children Under 18 in Household All Respondents

2008 2010 2012


22!!

!Figure'1.1.5.1. Internet!Users,!ExIUsers!and!NeverIUsers!!Regarding! reasons! for!quitting,! as! shown! in!Figure!1.1.5.2,! non\usefulness! and! lack!of!knowledge!and!time!are!currently!the!main!ones.!!The!significant!drop!in!the!percentage!of!people!who!find!the!internet!not!interesting!or!not!useful!(from!62.8%!in!2010!to!25.8%!in! 2012)! indicates! a! positive! attitude! toward! new! information! and! communication!technologies.!!Interestingly!however,!the!percentage!of!people!who!cite!lack!of!internet!skills!has!dramatically!increased!(from!18.0%!in!2010!to!46.1%!in!2012).!!

!Figure'1.1.5.2. Reasons!for!not!using!the!internet!!The! "other"! reasons! given! in! 2012! by! ex\users! (Figure! 1.1.5.3)!were! coded! as! lack! of!time! (35.1%! in! 2012),! no! interest! in! using! the! internet! (13.8%! in! 2012)! and!unemployment!(19.1%!in!2012).!!

49.7%

57.8%

61.6%

6.8% 5.9%

10.5%

43.5%

36.3%

28.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

2008 2010 2012

Internet Users, Ex-Users and Never-Users All Respondents

Users Ex-Users Never-Users

55.3%

20.9%

11.7% 9.9%

0.8% 1.4%

62.8%

18.0%

10.0% 7.1%

1.9% 0.2%

25.8%

46.1%

17.4%

5.2% 2.3% 3.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

No interest / not useful Don't know how to use it No time / too busy No computer / internet connection

Too expensive / cannot afford it Other

Reasons for Not Using the Internet Non-users (ex-users & never-users)

2008 2010 2012


23!!

!Figure'1.1.5.3. Reasons!for!stopping!using!the!internet!!Figure!1.1.5.4!shows!that!certainty!about!not!using!of!the!internet!within!the!next!year!has!decreased!by!almost!15!percentage!points!(66.9%!in!2010,!52.0%!in!2012).!!!

!Figure'1.1.5.4. Likelihood!of!using!the!internet!within!next!year!!!!

23.9%

19.4%

14.9%

3.0%

1.5%

6.0%

4.5%

3.0%

7.5%

1.5%

1.5%

0.0%

13.4%

13.1%

11.5%

11.5%

14.8%

14.8%

4.9%

8.2%

1.6%

1.6%

4.9%

1.6%

0.0%

11.5%

35.1%

13.8%

6.4%

1.1%

3.2%

6.4%

2.1%

3.2%

0.0%

9.6%

19.1%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

No time / the internet consumes too much time

No interest

Didn't use it enough

The internet is not useful

Too expensive

Changed work and moved to a new environment with no internet access

Changed home and didn't install internet access

Do not know how to use

No computer/terminal available

Fear of / confused by technology

Computer is not good enough

Unemployed

Other

Reasons for Stopping Using the Internet Ex-users

2008 2010 2012

64.0%

23.4%

12.6%

66.9%

21.8%

11.3%

52.0%

31.0%

17.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

not likely might use it very likely

Likelihood of Using the Internet within Next Year Non-users (ex-users & never-users)

2008 2010 2012


24!!

1.2. SOURCES$OF$INFORMATION$AND$ENTERTAINMENT$!1.2.1. The$Internet$!The! internet!seems!to!be!gaining! importance!as!a!source!of! information!among!Greek\Cypriots.! ! As! demonstrated! in! Figure! 1.2.1.1,! almost! 87%! of! Greek\Cypriot! users!consider! the! internet!an! important!or!very! important!source!of! information,!while! the!corresponding!figure!in!2010!was!only!66.5%.!!

!Figure'1.2.1.1. Importance!of!the!internet!for!information'!Greek\Cypriots! seem! to! be! becoming! more! distrustful! of! the! internet:! the! majority!internet!users!(55.6%)!believes!that!only!about!half!of!the!information!on!the!internet!is!reliable!(Figure!1.2.1.2).!In!2012,!only!28.7%!of!the!users!believe!that!most!or!all!of!the!information!on!the!internet!is!reliable,!while!the!corresponding!figure!for!2010!is!59.7%.!!

!Figure'1.2.1.2. Internet!reliability!!

3.4%

6.9%

18.3%

30.8%

40.5%

9.0% 7.1%

17.4%

32.6% 33.9%

0.7%

3.3%

9.1%

47.6%

39.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

not important at all not important neutral/undecided important very important

How Important as a Source of Information is the Internet? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

0.8%

14.6%

29.9%

50.6%

4.0%

1.6%

5.5%

33.2%

47.8%

11.9%

2.5%

13.3%

55.6%

23.9%

4.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

None A small part About half Most of it All of it

How Much of the Information on the Internet is Reliable? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


25!!

The!internet!is!also!an!important!source!of!entertainment.!In!2012,!most!Greek\Cypriot!users! (72.8%)! say! that! the! internet! is! an! important! or! very! important! source! of!entertainment.!!

!Figure'1.2.1.3. Importance!of!the!internet!for!entertainment!!1.2.2. Television$!Most!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(69.0%)!report!that!television!provides!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!information!(Figure!1.2.2.1).!!

!Figure'1.2.2.1. Importance!of!television!for!information!!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!also!think!that!television!is!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!entertainment!(Figure!1.2.2.2).!!

15.8%

12.7%

17.0%

24.2%

30.3%

15.2%

10.9%

21.6% 22.8%

29.4%

5.5% 7.5%

14.1%

28.6%

44.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Internet? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

5.0%

8.1%

15.3%

38.7%

32.9%

5.0%

7.9%

20.2%

37.3%

29.5%

4.9%

9.1%

17.0%

47.6%

21.4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


How Important as a Source of Information is the Television? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


26!!

!Figure'1.2.2.2. Importance!of!television!for!entertainment!!1.2.3. Newspapers$!Newspapers! seem! to! be! gaining! importance! as! a! source! of! information! among!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users.!!A!significant!shift!of!almost!24!percentage!points!(63.5%!in!2012!vs!39.2%!in!2010)!in!shown!in!Figure!1.2.3.1.!This!finding!may!be!the!result!of!the!2013!pre\election! campaign,! which! may! have! contributed! in! raising! the! importance! of! the!partisan!press!in!Cyprus.!!

!Figure'1.2.3.1. Importance!of!newspapers!for!information!!Newspapers!remain!the!least! important!source!of!entertainment.! !For!55.3%!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users,!newspapers!are!not!important!or!not!important!at!all!as!a!source!of! entertainment! (Figure! 1.2.3.2).! ! Still,! it! should! be! noted! that! internet! users! who!consider! the! newspapers! as! an! important! source! of! entertainment! have! increased! by!almost!10!percentage!points!(22.0%!in!2012!from!12.9%!in!2010).!!!

3.4% 5.0%

16.7%

37.5% 37.3%

3.1% 3.3%

18.4%

39.2%

35.9%

4.1%

7.5%

17.6%

38.7%

32.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Tevevision ? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

24.6%

12.5%

16.7%

28.0%

18.1%

32.2%

12.7%

15.9%

22.9%

16.3%

7.5%

12.4%

16.6%

38.9%

24.6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Important as a Source of Information are the Newspapers? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


27!!

!Figure'1.2.3.2. Importance!of!newspapers!for!entertainment!!1.2.4. Radio$!The!pattern!is!similar!concerning!the!importance!of!the!radio!as!a!source!of!information!(Figure!1.2.4.1):!54.5%!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!consider!the!radio!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!information!(an!increase!of!about!18!percentage!units!since!2010).!!!

!Figure'1.2.4.1. Importance!of!radio!for!information!!Figure! 1.2.4.2! shows! that! the! radio! is! an! important! or! very! important! source! of!entertainment! for! the!majority! of! internet! users! in! 2012! (60.4%).! ! The! percentage! of!internet! users!who! are! negative! regarding! radio’s! entertainment! value! has! decreased!significantly!(from!30.9%!in!2010!to!22.5%!in!2012).!!

40.0%

23.5%

17.9%

14.5%

4.0%

46.4%

18.9%

21.8%

9.4%

3.5%

28.6% 26.7%

22.7%

17.7%

4.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


How Important as a Source of Entertainment are the Newspapers? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

18.8% 17.5%

22.4%

29.4%

11.9%

24.7%

16.2%

22.5%

25.6%

11.1%

9.0%

14.7%

21.9%

38.5%

16.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Important as a Source of Information is the Radio? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


28!!

!Figure'1.2.4.2. Importance!of!radio!for!entertainment!!1.2.5. Interpersonal$sources$!Interpersonal! relationships! appear! to! be! important! or! very! important! as! a! source! of!information!for!77.0%!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(Figure!1.2.5.1).!!

!Figure'1.2.5.1. Importance!of!interpersonal!sources!for!information!!1.3. TRADITIONAL$MEDIA$USE$!1.3.1. Television$!Greek\Cypriot! internet!users!have!reduced!the!time!they!spend!watching!television,!as!in!2012!3.0%!stated!that!they!do!not!watch!television!at!all!and!32.3%!stated!that!they!watch!television!for!7!hours!per!week!or!less,!with!the!corresponding!figures!for!2010!being!0.9%!and!22.0%!(Figure!1.3.1.1).! !Compared! to!2010,! internet!users!who!watch!television!for!14!hours!or!more!per!week!have!decreased!from!49.5%!to!35.8%.!

15.7% 14.3%

19.2%

31.0%

19.8%

17.7%

13.2%

22.9%

28.5%

17.7%

7.7%

14.8%

17.2%

39.7%

20.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Radio? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

6.0%

8.0%

19.2%

39.8%

27.0%

2.9%

6.2%

20.9%

42.5%

27.5%

2.8%

5.7%

14.4%

39.8%

37.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Important as a Source of Information are Interpersonal Relationships? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


29!!

!

!Figure'1.3.1.1. Hours!of!TV!viewing!!1.3.2. Radio$!About!half!(47.9%)!of!internet!users!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community!listen!to!the!radio!for!up!to!7!hours!per!week!(Figure!1.3.2.1).!!!

!Figure'1.3.2.1. Hours!of!radio!listening!!1.3.3. Newspapers$!Newspaper!readership!rates!continue!to!be!very!low!in!Cyprus.!!The!majority!of!Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! spend! up! to! 7! hours! per! week! reading! newspapers! (57.1%).!Greek\Cypriots! who! read! newspapers! for! more! than! 7! hours! weekly! constitute! a!minority!(10.8%),!although!there!is!a!notable!increase!in!this!group!since!2010!(Figure!1.3.3.1).!!

1.2%

24.7%

28.0% 26.8%

19.3%

0.9%

22.0%

27.7%

30.3%

19.2%

3.0%

32.3%

28.9%

19.8%

16.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Not al all Up to 7 hours 7+ to 14 hours 14+ to 21 hours More than 21 hours

Hours of Watching TV per Week Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

10.5%

43.8%

17.7%

11.5%

16.5%

10.6%

51.6%

15.2%

7.8%

14.9%

7.1%

47.9%

16.8%

10.7%

17.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


Hours of Radio Listening Per Week Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


30!!

!Figure'1.3.3.1. Hours!of!newspaper!reading!!1.3.4. Comparison$of$Internet$Users$and$NonGUsers$!A!common!hypothesis!among!researchers!and!media!professionals! is! that! internet!use!reduces! the! time!spent!using!other!media.! !Comparative!examination!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet! users’! and! non\users’! media! habits! in! 2012! reveals! more! considerable!discrepancies!in!television!viewing,!shows!small!differences!in!radio!listening!and!does!not!reveal!significant!discrepancies!in!newspaper!reading.!!!! Internet! users! tend! to! watch! television! fewer! hours! per! week! than! non\users!(Figure! 1.3.4.1).! ! The! differences! are! more! apparent! at! the! two! extremes:! 32.3%! of!internet!users!watch!television!for!up!to!7!hours!a!week,!with!the!respective!percentage!for!non\users!being!22.8%.! !The! situation! is! reversed! in! the! case!of!heavy!viewers,! as!29.3%!of!non\users!spend!more!than!21!hours!weekly!watching!television,!whereas!the!corresponding!figure!for!users!is!16%.!!

!Figure'1.3.4.1. Hours!of!TV!viewing!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!

34.5%

57.3%

5.0%

1.8% 1.4%

42.1%

54.6%

2.9% 0.2% 0.2%

32.1%

57.1%

7.7%

1.8% 1.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Hours of Reading Newspapers per Week Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

3.0%

32.3%

28.9%

19.8%

16.0%

1.8%

22.8%

27.7%

18.3%

29.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


Hours of Watching TV per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users

Users Non-Users


31!!

Almost! half! of! internet! users! (47.9%)! listen! to! the! radio! for! up! to! 7! hours! weekly,!whereas! the! respective! rate! for! non\users! is! more! than! 12! percentage! units! lower!(35.6%).! !More! non\users! (24.5%)! than! users! (7.1%)! do! not! listen! to! the! radio! at! all!(Figure!1.3.4.2).!!

!Figure'1.3.4.2. Hours!of!radio!listening!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!Newspaper!reading!seems!to!be!practically!unaffected!by!internet!use,!as!both!users!and!non\users!share!almost!the!same!reading!(or!non\reading)!habits!(Figure!1.3.4.3).!!

!Figure'1.3.4.3. Hours!of!newspaper!reading!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!Summarizing!the!above!comparisons,!Greek\Cypriots!who!do!not!use!the!internet!spend!more! time! watching! television! than! internet! users,! while! there! are! no! apparent!differences! regarding! exposure! to! the! other! traditional! media! (Figure! 1.3.4.4).!!Therefore,! no! substitution! or! "cannibalization"! function! of! the! internet! towards! the!other!media!is!observed.!!

7.1%

47.9%

16.8%

10.7%

17.5%

24.5%

35.6%

10.8% 10.8%

18.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


Hours of Radio Listening per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users

Users Non-Users

32.1%

57.1%

7.7%

1.8% 1.3%

33.1%

58.3%

4.9%

2.1% 1.6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Hours of Reading Newspapers per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users

Users Non-Users


32!!

!Figure'1.3.4.4. Hours!of!use!of!traditional!media!!!1.4. SOCIAL$RELATIONSHIPS$AND$COMMUNICATION$!1.4.1. Social$Relationships$!Concerning! the! effect! of! internet! use! on! social! relationships,! 30.2%! of! Greek\Cypriot!users!feel!that!contact!with!people!who!share!similar!interests!has!increased!or!greatly!increased!since! connecting! to! the! internet!and!only!7.6%! feel! that! it!has!decreased!or!greatly!decreased!(Figure!1.4.1.1).!!The!majority!(62.1%)!feels!that!the!internet!has!not!affected!this!kind!of!contact.!!

!Figure'1.4.1.1. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!hobbies!

!

Similarly,!8.6%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!feel!that!the!time!they!spent!with!people!sharing!a! common! political! ideology! decreased! or! greatly! decreased! since! being! connected! to!

14.06 13.87

3.21

19.36

13.32

3.10

0

5

10

15

20

25

Watching TV Radio Listening Reading Newspapers

Hours of Traditional Media Use per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users

Users Non-Users

10.1%

5.5%

57.1%

16.8%

10.5%

4.4% 6.3%

68.2%

14.7%

6.5%

1.1%

6.5%

62.1%

25.7%

4.6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

greatly decreased decreased remained the same increased greatly increased

Has your Contact with People who Share your Hobbies/Recreational Activities Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?

Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


33!!

the!internet,!whereas!17.3%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!think!that!it!has!increased!or!greatly!increased.! !The!majority!of! internet!users! (74.2%)!state! that! contact!with!people!who!share!their!political!views!is!largely!unaffected!by!internet!use!(Figure!1.4.1.2).!!

!Figure'1.4.1.2. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!political!views!!Most!Greek\Cypriots!(84.4%)!do!not!think!that!the!internet!has!had!an!impact!on!their!contact!with!people!with!similar!religious!beliefs.!!Only!7.3%!of!users!in!the!sample!feel!that! this! contact! has! decreased! or! greatly! decreased! since! being! connected! to! the!internet.! ! At! the! other! end,! 8.4%! note! that! their! contact! with! people! with! similar!religious!beliefs!has!increased!or!greatly!increased!(Figure!1.4.1.3).!!

!Figure'1.4.1.3. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!religious!beliefs!!Compared!to!the!2010!measurement,!more!Greek\Cypriot!users!tend!to!believe!that!the!internet! had! a! positive! impact! on! their! professional! contacts.! ! In! fact,! 52.5%! of! the!Greek\Cypriot! users! feel! that! their! internet! activities! helped! them! improve! their!professional!relations,!as!opposed!to!16.3%!in!2010!(Figure!1.4.1.4).!

18.0%

3.5%

70.9%

4.8% 2.8%

10.0%

5.2%

79.2%

4.3% 1.4%

2.9% 5.7%

74.2%

15.1%

2.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


Has your Contact with People who Share your Political Views Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?

Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

19.8%

3.2%

74.3%

2.1% 0.6%

9.7%

3.3%

80.3%

5.3%

1.4% 4.1% 3.2%

84.4%

7.5%

0.9% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


Has your Contact with People who Share your Religious Beliefs Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?

Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


34!!

!

!Figure'1.4.1.4. Contact!with!colleagues!!Relationships!with! family!members! have! undergone! some! change! because! of! internet!use.! !Although!most!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(59.8%!in!2012!as!opposed!to!77.3%!in!2010)!feel!that!intimate!relationships!have!remained!intact,!the!percentage!of!internet!users! who! experience! a! positive! effect! of! the! internet! on! their! family! relations! has!increased!dramatically!from!11.2%!in!2010!to!30.1%!in!2012!(Figure!1.4.1.5).!!

!Figure'1.4.1.5. Contact!with!family!!

An! even! higher! proportion! of! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! feels! that! the! internet! has!had!a!positive! impact!on!socializing!with! friends.!Figure!1.4.1.6!shows! that!55.4%!feel!that!contact!with!their! friends! increased!or!greatly! increased!since!being!connected!to!the!internet,!while!the!percentage!of!users!who!believe!that!relations!with!their!friends!have! not! been! affected! by! internet! use! has! dropped! from!66.5%! in! 2010! to! 40.6%! in!2012.!!

12.9%

2.9%

61.2%

12.4% 10.6%

4.9% 2.6%

76.3%

11.9%

4.4%

0.5% 1.9%

45.0%

32.7%

19.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


Has your Contact with People in Your Profession Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internent Use? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

10.4% 9.0%

66.3%

9.4%

4.9% 5.1% 6.5%

77.3%

8.9%

2.3% 1.6%

8.5%

59.8%

20.9%

9.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


Has your Contact with Your Family Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internent Use? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


35!!

!Figure'1.4.1.6. Contact!with!friends!!1.4.2. Time$Spent$with$Friends$and$Family$!Comparison! of! 2008,! 2010! and! 2012! data! reveals! that! the! habits! of! Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!with!respect!to!spending!time!with!their! family!have!not!changed!much!(Figure!1.4.2.1).!!!

!Figure'1.4.2.1. Time!spent!with!family!!Concerning!spending!time!with!friends,!Greek\Cypriots!internet!users!also!seem!to!not!have!changed!their!habits!since!2008!(Figure!1.4.2.2).!!

9.2%

5.3%

58.9%

14.9%

11.8%

4.3% 3.5%

66.5%

16.7%

9.0%

0.5%

3.6%

40.6%

35.5%

19.9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Has your Contact with Your Friends Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internent Use? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

1.0%

6.6%

16.0%

19.8%

56.6%

0.5%

7.3%

11.3%

21.1%

59.8%

2.9%

9.6%

13.7%

17.1%

56.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Hours of Spent with Family per Week Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


36!!

!Figure'1.4.2.2. Time!spent!with!friends!!Despite!the!above,!Greek\Cypriot!users!spend!fewer!hours!per!week!with!their!families!than!non\users.! In! fact,! 56.7%!of! internet! users! spend!more! than!21!hours!with! their!families,!compared!to!65.6%!of!non\users!(Figure!1.4.2.3).!!

!Figure'1.4.2.3. Hours!spent!with!family!per!week.!!

The!picture!is!reversed!regarding!the!time!the!respondents!spend!with!their!friends.!!As!it! is!demonstrated! in!Figure!1.4.2.4,! internet!users! spend! significantly!more! time!with!friends!than!non\users.!!

3.6%

49.0%

20.8%

16.5%

10.1%

2.5%

47.4%

21.3%

17.2%

11.6%

2.0%

42.9%

24.4%

15.3% 15.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


Hours of Spent with Friends per Week Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

2.9%

9.6%

13.7%

17.1%

56.7%

3.7%

7.7% 9.3%

13.6%

65.6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Hours Spent with Family per Week 2012 Users vs Non-Users

Users Non-Users


37!!

!Figure'1.4.2.4. Hours!spent!with!friends!per!week!!1.4.3. Communication$with$Other$People$!With!respect! to!communication!with!other!people,!as!Figures!1.4.3.1! to!1.4.3.11!show,!the! email! (Figure! 1.4.3.1)! remains! the! most! popular! form! of! communication! and! its!importance! seems! to! be! growing.! ! Increases! are! also! observed! in! instant! messaging!(Figure! 1.4.3.2),! chat! room! participation! (Figure! 1.4.3.3),! sending! email! attachments!(Figure!1.4.3.4),!making!phone!calls!over!the!internet!(Figure!1.4.3.5)!and!updating!one’s!status!in!the!social!media!(Figure!1.4.3.10),!which!indicates!that!online!communication!is!becoming!more!popular!among!Greek\Cypriots.!!On!the!other!hand,!working!on!one's!blog! (Figure! 1.4.3.6),! posting! photos! or! pictures! on! the! internet! (Figure! 1.4.3.7),!uploading! music! videos! (Figure! 1.4.3.8),! participation! in! discussion! boards! (Figure!1.4.3.9)!and!commenting!on!blogs!and!message!boards!(Figure!1.4.3.11)!have!remained!relatively!stable!in!terms!of!frequency!of!involvement.!!!

!Figure'1.4.3.1. EImail!use!!

2.00%

42.90%

24.40%

15.30% 15.50% 13.50%

57.90%

13.50%

9.30%

5.80%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Hours Spent with Friends per Week 2012 Users vs Non-Users

Users Non-Users

9.9%

3.6% 4.4%

15.4%

37.4%

29.3%

11.1%

4.7%

6.7%

16.6%

31.7%

29.2%

9.3%

2.6% 4.5%

12.9%

29.3%

41.4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily Several times a day

How Often Do You Check your Email? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


38!!

!Figure'1.4.3.2. Instant!messaging!!

!Figure'1.4.3.3. Participation!in!chat!rooms!!

28.2%

6.6%

4.0%

17.1%

21.3% 22.7%

34.6%

4.8%

6.9%

13.3%

22.1%

18.2%

29.2%

7.0%

4.6%

13.6%

22.1% 23.5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


How Often Do You Use Instant Messaging? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

74.2%

4.9% 4.1% 7.1% 6.1%

3.7%

66.8%

6.6% 4.3%

8.3% 8.1% 5.9%

55.7%

5.6% 4.5% 6.8%

12.7% 14.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


How Often Do You Participate in Chat Rooms? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


39!!

!Figure'1.4.3.4. Sending!eImail!attachments!!

!Figure'1.4.3.5. Calls!over!the!internet!!

32.9%

9.3%

7.5%

17.7% 18.7%

13.8%

37.1%

8.4%

9.9%

17.6%

12.9% 14.1%

20.2%

7.3%

9.6%

19.6%

23.1%

20.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


How Often Do You Send Email Attachments? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

63.6%

7.5% 5.9%

9.5% 8.1%

5.5%

58.2%

8.5% 8.1%

12.3%

8.8%

4.1%

36.2%

7.5%

14.5%

18.4% 15.9%

7.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


How Often Do You Make/Receive Calls over the Internet? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


40!!

!Figure'1.4.3.6. Working!on!blogs!!

!Figure'1.4.3.7. Posting!photos!or!pictures!on!the!internet!!

73.9%

5.9% 4.6% 5.7% 4.6% 5.3%

71.7%

6.2% 9.0%

5.6% 4.9% 2.6%

85.2%

3.3% 2.2% 4.3%

2.7% 2.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


How Often Do You Work on Your Blog? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

39.7%

14.7% 14.2%

17.6%

7.8% 6.0%

36.2%

15.0%

19.7%

14.3%

10.5%

4.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Often Do You Post Photos or Pictures on the Internet? Internet Users

2010 2012


41!!

!Figure'1.4.3.8. Uploading!music!videos!!

!Figure'1.4.3.9. Participation!in!discussion!boards!!

43.6%

7.3%

10.6%

15.7% 14.4%

8.5%

52.2%

8.7% 9.0%

14.2%

11.5%

4.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Upload Music Videos? Internet Users

2010 2012

59.0%

8.7% 7.1%

9.9% 10.6%

4.7%

50.2%

13.1% 11.0%

9.8% 11.6%

4.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


How Often Do You Post Messages on Discussion Boards? Internet Users

2010 2012


42!!

!Figure'1.4.3.10. Updating!status!!

!Figure'1.4.3.11. Commenting!on!blogs!and!message!boards!!1.4.4. Multitasking$

!Many!Greek\Cypriots!(41.6%!in!2012)!report!that!they!multitask!most!of!the!time!while!online!(Figure!1.4.4.1).!!Still,!more!than!one!in!four!users!(27.6%!in!2012)!report!never!doing!so.!!

68.1%

7.5% 5.6%

8.2% 7.3%

3.5%

51.3%

12.1%

7.5%

11.5% 12.6%

5.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


How Often Do You Update Your Status (e.g., what you are doing now)? Internet Users

2010 2012

61.9%

10.3%

6.4%

9.6%

6.4% 5.4%

57.1%

11.0% 9.5%

11.3%

6.5% 4.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


How Often Do You Comment on Other People's Blogs, Message Boards, etc.? Internet Users

2010 2012


43!!

!Figure'1.4.4.1. Multitasking!!1.5. ONLINE$ACTIVITIES$!1.5.1. Information$Related$Online$Activities$!News!is!the!most!popular!type!of!information!sought!on!the!internet!(Figure!1.5.1.1).!!A!dramatic!increase!in!the!percentage!of!users!who!look!for!news!daily!or!several!times!a!day!can!be!clearly!observed!(from!31.0%!of!all!users!in!2010!to!61.8%!in!2012).!!

!Figure'1.5.1.1. Looking!for!news!!In! Figure! 1.5.1.2,! an! increase! in! the! percentage! of! users! who! look! for! jobs! daily! or!several!times!a!day!can!also!be!observed!(from!3.8%!in!2010!to!18.0%!in!2012).!!This!is!can!be!explained!by!the!recently!increasing!unemployment!rates!due!to!the!impact!of!the!financial!crisis!in!Cyprus.!!

31.2% 30.6%

38.1%

32.6% 34.0% 33.5%

27.6%

30.9%

41.6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

no yes, sometimes yes, most of the time

Do You Multitask when You Are Online? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

24.9%

15.5%

9.1%

21.1%

23.3%

6.0%

21.7%

13.3%

9.7%

24.3%

21.3%

9.7%

6.0% 6.4% 6.9%

18.9%

39.1%

22.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Often Do You Look for News on the Internet? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


44!!

!Figure'1.5.1.2. Looking!for!a!job!!Reading! blogs! (Figure! 1.5.1.3)! is! also! becoming! more! popular! as! weekly,! daily! and!several!times!a!day!exposure!to!blog!content!have!increased!since!2010!by!10.4,!9.9!and!3.5!percentage!points!respectively.!!

!Figure'1.5.1.3. Reading!blogs!!An!increase!is!also!observed!in!the!use!of!websites!with!humorous!content:!users!who!visit!websites!with! humorous! content! every!week!or!more! often!have! increased! from!23.0%!in!2010!to!34.6%!in!2012!(Figure!1.5.1.4).!!

78.0%

8.9%

4.0% 6.5%

2.0% 0.6%

73.0%

11.8%

6.9% 4.5%

2.6% 1.2%

61.5%

8.1% 5.9% 6.6% 7.2%

10.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


How Often Do You Look for a Job on the Internet? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

63.4%

10.3%

6.3%

10.3%

6.9%

2.7%

57.6%

12.3%

9.0% 10.4%

7.7%

3.0%

37.1%

7.7% 10.2%

20.8%

17.6%

6.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


How Often Do You Read Blogs? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


45!!

!Figure'1.5.1.4. Looking!for!humorous!content!!No! notable! changes! were! observed! with! respect! to! searching! for! travel! information!(Figure!1.5.1.5).!!

!Figure'1.5.1.5. Looking!for!travel!information!!An! increase! is! also! observed! regarding! the! frequency! of! health! related! information!searches,! as!more! users! search! for! health! related! information! once! a!month! or!more!often!(Figure!1.5.1.6).!!

49.1%

15.7%

11.1%

15.7%

6.2%

1.8%

49.3%

16.4%

12.2% 11.6%

6.6%

3.8%

45.9%

9.0% 10.5%

15.7% 15.2%

3.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Look for Jokes, Cartoons or Other Humorous Content on the Internet? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

29.1%

33.1%

22.9%

10.4%

3.0% 1.4%

22.9%

36.1%

21.0%

10.9%

5.6%

3.5%

21.9%

33.0%

21.6%

12.2%

5.9% 5.4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


How Often Do You Look for Travel Information on the Internet? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


46!!

!Figure'1.5.1.6. Looking!for!health!information!!As!demonstrated!in!Figure!1.5.1.7,!getting!information!about!a!product!is!another!online!activity!gaining!popularity!among!Greek\Cypriots.!!!

!Figure'1.5.1.7. Getting!information!about!a!product!!1.5.2. Online$Transactions$!Reasonably,! as! getting! information! about! a! product! becomes! more! popular,! so! does!buying!things!online!(Figure!1.5.2.1).!!!

38.8%

20.2% 19.6%

14.5%

5.3%

1.6%

25.3% 24.3% 23.7%

16.8%

5.9%

4.0%

21.5%

19.1%

25.0%

21.3%

10.4%

2.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Often Do You Look for Health Information on the Internet? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

20.4%

17.4%

22.1%

23.5%

10.9%

5.6%

16.8% 16.8%

22.3%

26.3%

12.6%

5.2%

13.2%

11.7%

20.5%

24.6%

15.8%

14.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%


How Often Do You Get Information About a Product on the Internet? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


47!!

!Figure'1.5.2.1. Buying!online!!In!2012,!7.5%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!of! the! internet!paid!bills! online!weekly!or!more!often,!compared!to!3.6%!in!2010!(Figure!1.5.2.2).!!!

!Figure'1.5.2.2. Paying!bills!!Figure!1.5.2.3!shows!that!doing!online!banking!at!least!once!a!week!has!also!increased!in!prevalence!since!2010!(33.6%!of!users!in!2012!compared!to!19.9%!in!2010).!!

!Figure'1.5.2.3. Online!banking!!

62.8%

16.3% 14.1%

5.6%

0.4% 0.8%

53.3%

25.6%

14.5%

4.0% 1.4% 1.2%

34.7%

29.0%

22.2%

10.5%

2.5% 1.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


How Often Do You Buy Things Online? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

70.4%

8.9%

16.9%

3.0% 0.2% 0.6%

71.8%

7.8%

16.8%

2.1% 1.0% 0.5%

57.5%

14.6%

20.3%

6.4%

0.8% 0.3% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


How Often Do You Pay Bills Online? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

64.4%

4.0%

12.1% 10.1%

7.3%

2.0%

62.6%

6.7%

10.7% 9.5%

8.0%

2.4%

47.5%

5.6%

13.4%

19.5%

12.4%

1.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


How Often Do You Use Your Bank's Online Services? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


48!!

Only! a! small! percentage! of! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! buy! bonds! or! stocks! online!(Figure!1.5.2.4).!!

!Figure'1.5.2.4. Investing!online!!An!increase!is!observed!in!online!travel!bookings,!although,!as!it!would!be!expected,!the!majority! of! internet! users! (52.3%)! do!make! travel! arrangements,! but! less! frequently!than!once!a!month!(Figure!1.5.2.5).!!

!Figure'1.5.2.5. Making!travel!arrangements!!1.5.3. Security$Concerns$!Greek\Cypriot! users! report! a! growing! concern! about! online! transactions.! This! is!apparent!by!the!fact!that!the!percentage!of!users!who!do!not!feel!concerned!at!all!about!the!security!of!their!credit!cards!has!dropped!by!almost!11!points!(14.8%!in!2012!from!25.5%! in! 2010).! ! On! the! other! hand,! the! percentages! of! Greek\Cypriot! users!who! are!somewhat,! very! or! extremely! concerned! have! increased! by! about! 5,! 15! and! 7! points!respectively!(Figure!1.5.3.1).!!

95.8%

1.4% 1.0% 1.0% 0.4% 0.4%

92.9%

4.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.5% 0.5%

96.3%

2.4% 0.7% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%


How Often Do You Invest in Stocks/Funds/Bonds Online? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

55.8%

36.1%

6.5%

0.4% 0.4% 0.8%

47.1%

42.6%

6.6%

1.4% 0.9% 1.6%

35.4%

52.3%

9.0%

1.7% 0.8% 0.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Make Travel Reservations/Bookings Online? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


49!!

!Figure'1.5.3.1. Concerns!about!security!of!online!transactions'!1.5.4. Online$Entertainment$!With!respect!to!internet!use!for!entertainment,!web!browsing!(Figure!1.5.4.7)!is!by!far!the!most!popular!activity!whereas!visiting!religious!websites!(Figure!1.5.4.4),!gambling!(Figure!1.5.4.6)!and!viewing!websites!with!sexual!content!(Figure!1.5.4.8)!are!the!least!popular! (the! latter! could! be! misleading! as! some! users! may! feel! uncomfortable! to!disclose! this! information).! The! results! show! that! the! percentages! of! Greek\Cypriots!users!who!use!the!internet!for!multimedia!content,!such!as!downloading!music!(Figure!1.5.4.2)!and!videos!(Figure!1.5.4.3),!listening!to!online!radio!stations!(Figure!1.5.4.5)!and!visiting!social!networking!and!video\sharing!websites!(Figure!1.5.4.9)!is!increasing.!!On!the! other! hand,! the! percentage! of! users!who!play! video! games! online! (Figure! 1.5.4.1)!seems!to!have!decreased.!!

!Figure'1.5.4.1. Playing!games!!

26.3% 26.1%

20.0%

13.4% 14.2%

25.5%

27.6%

13.6% 12.9%

20.4%

14.8%

32.3%

28.0%

19.6%

5.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

not at all concerned somewhat concerned very concerned extremely concerned Do not have a credit card or bankcard

Concerned about Security of Credit/Bank Cards in Online Transactions? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

43.3%

9.5% 7.6%

17.5%

13.7%

8.5%

36.4%

12.2%

6.6%

14.5%

18.1%

12.2%

48.4%

6.7% 8.3% 9.1%

16.4%

11.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Play Games Online? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


50!!

!Figure'1.5.4.2. Online!music!

!

!Figure'1.5.4.3. Online!videos!!

!Figure'1.5.4.4. Religious!sites!

!

33.2%

5.6%

9.3%

16.1% 17.5%

18.3%

27.9%

7.3%

8.8%

19.0% 20.2%

16.8%

22.6%

4.9%

8.8%

19.1%

24.3%

20.4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


How Often Do You Download or Listen to Music Online? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

44.2%

10.7% 8.7%

13.9% 14.9%

7.5%

33.7%

10.7%

7.3%

21.1%

17.8%

9.3%

27.2%

7.2% 7.9%

20.3% 22.5%

14.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


How Often Do You Download or Watch Videos Online? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

88.9%

5.3% 2.8% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0%

79.4%

9.7%

5.0% 3.8% 1.6% 0.5%

76.6%

10.8% 6.7%

4.2% 0.8% 0.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


How Often Do You Look at Religious or Spiritual Websites? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


51!!

!Figure'1.5.4.5. Online!radio!

!

!Figure'1.5.4.6. Betting!and!gambling!online!

!

!Figure'1.5.4.7. Surfing!the!web!

!

53.6%

9.1% 9.5% 9.7% 9.5% 8.5%

54.8%

9.2% 9.3% 10.2% 11.1%

5.4%

44.1%

9.6% 7.6%

14.4%

17.4%

6.9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Listen to a Radio Station Online? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

93.5%

2.6% 0.8% 1.8% 0.6% 0.6%

89.6%

3.6% 1.6%

3.6% 0.7% 0.9%

91.2%

4.7% 1.3% 1.5% 1.2% 0.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


How Often Do You Bet, Gamble or Enter Sweepstakes? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

12.5%

6.0% 7.3%

21.4%

30.7%

22.0%

13.8%

7.3% 7.6%

22.0%

25.3% 23.9%

8.1%

1.7% 2.7%

10.1%

33.3%

44.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


How Often Do You Surf or Browse the Web? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


52!!

!Figure'1.5.4.8. Online!sexual!content!!

!Figure'1.5.4.9. Social!networking!sites!!1.5.5. Online$Learning$!Greek\Cypriot!users!are!becoming!more!familiar!with!using!online!resources!for!seeking!definitions! of!words! (Figure! 1.5.5.1)! and! for! fact! checking! (Figure! 1.5.5.2),!while! they!report! much! less! frequent! use! of! the! internet! for! retrieving! information! for! school!(Figure!1.5.5.3)!and!for!studying!or!training!online!(Figure!1.5.5.4).!

85.7%

5.7% 3.9% 3.3%

1.0% 0.4%

80.3%

7.5%

3.0% 3.9% 1.4% 1.1%

74.9%

8.5% 8.7% 6.1%

0.8% 1.0% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


How Often Do You Look at Websites with Sexual Content? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

34.0%

4.9% 5.5%

12.0%

21.1% 22.5%

20.6%

2.4%

4.2%

12.0%

26.3%

34.6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


How Often Do You Visit Social Networking or Video-Sharing Websites? Internet Users

2010 2012


53!!

!Figure'1.5.5.1. Online!learning!I!word!definitions!!

!Figure'1.5.5.2. Online!learning!–!fact!checking!!

!Figure'1.5.5.3. Online!learning!I!school!related!information!!

30.0%

13.5%

15.3%

22.3%

10.5%

8.5%

25.2%

16.4%

14.1%

22.2%

13.4%

8.8%

20.2%

10.0%

13.6%

23.9%

19.2%

13.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


How Often Do You Use the Internet for Searching for Word Definitions? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

29.2%

16.7% 17.5%

21.4%

11.7%

3.4%

24.2%

14.9% 16.3%

26.5%

13.3%

4.7%

22.0%

8.9%

13.5%

24.9%

21.0%

9.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


How Often Do You Use the Internet for Fact Checking? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

77.8%

0.2% 3.2%

6.7% 6.3% 5.8%

49.6%

8.7% 5.5%

13.6% 13.6%

9.0%

52.6%

6.1% 8.3%

10.4% 11.9% 10.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


How Often Do You Use the Internet for School-related Information Retrieval? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


54!!

!Figure'1.5.5.4. Online!learning!I!distance!learning'!1.6. PERCEPTIONS$ABOUT$SOCIAL$AND$POLITICAL$LIFE$!1.6.1. Political$Efficacy$!When! asked! about! their! political! preferences,! most! respondents! (27.5%)! placed!themselves!in!the!middle!of!the!political!spectrum!on!the!"left\right"!axis!(Figure!1.6.1.1).!!A!significant!percentage!(25.2%)!does!not!accept!the!"left\right”!distinction.!!

!Figure'1.6.1.1. Political!selfIplacement!on!the!leftIright!axis!

!

A!remarkable! increase! is! found! in!perceptions!of!political! efficacy!due! to! internet!use.!The! percentage! of! those! who! disagreed! or! strongly! disagreed! with! the! idea! that! the!internet!can!increase!personal!influence!in!politics!has!dropped!from!68.9%!in!2010!to!35.6%!in!2012!!(Figure!1.6.1.2).! !At!the!same!time,!the!percentage!of!respondents!who!agreed!or!strongly!agreed!increased!from!21.9%!in!2010!to!42.7%!in!2012.!!!

92.4%

2.2% 2.4% 1.4% 0.8% 0.6%

88.3%

4.6% 1.6% 2.1% 1.9% 1.4%

93.7%

2.9% 1.4% 0.3% 0.7% 1.0% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


How Often Do You Use the Internet for Distance Learning? Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

5.2% 5.4%

4.2% 4.0%

2.4%

16.3%

1.9%

3.6%

5.4%

4.0%

9.4%

21.5%

16.7%

3.1%

6.3%

3.5% 3.4%

2.0%

14.7%

3.1% 3.6%

5.9%

3.8%

7.1%

22.0% 21.5%

4.0%

0.6%

3.6%

6.9%

5.6%

27.5%

4.5%

6.5%

7.8%

1.6%

4.3%

1.8%

25.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

0 (extreme left) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (extreme right) Don't Know Do not accept political distinction

Political Self-Placement All Respondents

2008 2010 2012


55!!

!Figure'1.6.1.2. Increase!of!personal!political!power!!Similarly,!the!percentage!of!respondents!who!doubt!(disagree!or!strongly!disagree)!that!the! use! of! the! internet! can! increase! one’s! personal! impact! on! governmental! decisions!and!actions!has!also!dropped,!from!73.6%!in!2010!to!45.5%!in!2012!(Figure!1.6.1.3).!!

!Figure'1.6.1.3. Increase!of!personal!influence!on!governmental!actions!!The!percentage!of!respondents!who!believe!that!the!internet!can!increase!public!officials’!interest! about! what! people! think! has! also! increased! (Figure! 1.6.1.4),! although! the!majority!(62.5%)!remain!skeptical!(disagree!or!strongly!disagree).!!

47.5%

9.2%

20.4%

15.7%

7.2%

62.0%

6.9% 9.1%

12.8%

9.1% 9.7%

25.9%

21.8%

34.2%

8.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

strongly disagree disagree not sure agree strongly agree

The Internet Can Increase Personal Influence on Politics Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

55.5%

9.4%

16.4% 13.8%

4.8%

66.7%

6.9%

13.2%

7.9% 5.3%

13.5%

32.0%

21.1%

28.1%

5.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


The Internet Can Increase Personal Influence on Governmental Actions Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


56!!

!Figure'1.6.1.4. Increase!of!officials’!interest!in!what!people!think!!Additionally,!compared!to!2008!and!2010,!more!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!positively!evaluate!the!internet’s!potential!contribution!in!understanding!politics!(Figure!1.6.1.5).!!!

!Figure'1.6.1.5. Better!understanding!of!politics!

!As! far! as! the! importance! of! the! internet! during! pre\election! campaigns! is! concerned!(Figure! 1.6.1.6),! the! percentage! of! respondents! who! agree! or! strongly! agree! that! the!internet!has!acquired! importance!has! increased! from!58.8%!to!71.1%!since!2008!(the!item!was!omitted!in!the!2010!questionnaire).!!However,!this!could!be!a!result!of!the!on\going!pre\election!campaign!at!the!time!of!the!survey.!!

58.3%

11.3%

17.2%

9.9%

3.3%

67.5%

8.3%

13.2%

7.5%

3.6%

25.5%

37.0%

15.1%

19.2%

3.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


The Internet Will Increase Public Officials' Interest about What People Think Internet Users

2008 2010 2012

46.1%

11.3%

18.2% 15.8%

8.7%

53.9%

7.6%

15.4% 14.3%

8.7% 8.3%

22.4%

16.4%

41.4%

11.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


The Internet Can Help in Better Understanding of Politics Internet Users

2008 2010 2012


57!!

!Figure'1.6.1.6. Importance!of!the!internet!during!preIelection!campaigns.!!1.6.2. Social$Trust$!WIP!Cyprus! 2012! also! included! a! series! of! questions! that!were! not! used! in! 2008! and!2010.! ! These!questions! aimed! at! recording! the! levels! of! trust! of! respondents! towards!other! people.! ! Overall,! Greek\Cypriots! appear! cautious! towards! other! people.! ! As! it! is!shown!in!Figure!1.6.2.1,!the!majority!believes!that!most!people!cannot!be!trusted,!with!an! astonishing! 22.8%! placing! themselves! at! point! 0! of! the! 0\10! scale! of! trust.! ! The!proportion! of! participants! who! place! themselves! on! the!more! "trust"! grades! is!much!smaller,!while! 24.6%! is! loaded! on! the! perceived!middle! point! of! the! scale.! ! A! similar!pattern!can!be!seen!in!Figures!1.6.2.2!and!1.6.2.3!regarding!our!respondents’!beliefs!on!whether! other! people! will! try! to! take! advantage! of! them! if! they! get! the! chance! and!whether!other!people!will!try!to!help!them!if!they!need!help.!!

!Figure'1.6.2.1. Figure'Most!people!can!be!trusted!!

15.4%

9.8%

16.1%

30.1% 28.7%

5.1%

14.0%

9.7%

42.7%

28.4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


The Internet Acquired Importance During the Pre-Election Campaigns Internet Users

2008 2012

22.8%

6.8%

9.2%

10.6%

9.4%

24.6%

5.7% 5.5%

3.9%

0.6% 0.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

0 (you can't be too careful)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people can be trusted)

Most People Can Be Trusted All Respondents 2012


58!!

!Figure'1.6.2.2. Most!people!will!try!to!take!advantage!of!you!!

!Figure'1.6.2.3. Most!people!will!try!to!be!helpful!!1.7. FREEDOM$OF$EXPRESSION$AND$SURVEILLANCE$!1.7.1. Freedom$of$Expression$!The! percentage! of! Greek\Cypriot! respondents! who! said! that! they! are! comfortable! in!expressing!their!political!opinions!on!the!internet!increased!from!46.0%!in!2010!to!70.0%!in!2012!(Figure!1.7.1.1).!

20.3%

7.3%

9.4% 9.5% 9.3%

26.7%

6.9%

4.4%

2.5%

1.3%

2.6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

0 (most people would take

advantage of me)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people pepole would be

fair)

Most People Will Try to Take Advantage of You All Respondents 2012

24.9%

7.3%

11.8% 12.6%

8.8%

22.7%

4.0% 2.9% 3.3%

0.7% 0.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

0 (people mostly look out for themselves)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people pepole would try

to be helpful)

Most People Would Try to Be Helpful All Respondents 2012


59!!

!Figure'1.7.1.1. Freedom!of!expression!on!political!issues'!Also,!compared!to!2010,!a!greater!proportion!of!Greek\Cypriots!feels!it!is!safe!to!freely!express!one's!political!views!on!the!internet,!although!the!majority!still!does!not!feel!so!(Figure!1.7.1.2).!!!

!Figure'1.7.1.2. Political!expression!online!

!An!overwhelming!majority!of!Greek\Cypriot!respondents!(59.9%!in!2010!and!77.2%!in!2012)! is! in! favor! of! the! freedom! to! criticize! the! government! online! (Figure! 1.7.1.3).!!Accordingly,!the!percentage!of!those!who!are!not!in!favor!of!free!online!criticism!of!the!government!dropped!from!23.4%!in!2010!to!13.4%!in!2012.!!!

28.9%

8.5%

16.6%

19.7%

26.3%

4.9%

13.2% 11.9%

36.9%

33.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


I Feel Comfortable Saying Whatever I Think about Politics All Respondents

2010 2012

47.2%

15.3%

18.7%

10.2% 8.6%

18.7%

34.8%

21.2%

18.0%

7.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


On the Internet, It Is Safe to Say Whatever You Think About Politics All Respondents

2010 2012


60!!

!Figure'1.7.1.3. Criticizing!government!online!!The!majority! of! Greek\Cypriots! (52%! in! 2010! and! 59.4%! in! 2012)! is! also! in! favor! of!freedom!to!express!even!extreme!ideas!online!(Figure!1.7.1.4).!!!

!Figure'1.7.1.4. Expression!of!extreme!ideas!online!!Finally,! although! the! majority! of! the! respondents! is! in! favor! of! more! governmental!regulation!of!the!internet,!a!significant!proportion!of!the!respondents!moved!away!from!extreme!positions!on!both!sides!of!the!degree!scale!(Figure!1.7.1.5).!!!

17.8%

5.6%

16.7%

27.8%

32.1%

3.8%

9.6% 9.3%

42.5%

34.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


People Should Be Free to Criticize Their Government on the Internet All Respondents

2010 2012

21.8%

9.2%

17.0%

23.8%

28.2%

6.2%

18.7%

15.8%

37.4%

22.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


It Is OK to Express Even Extreme Ideas on the Internet All Respondents

2010 2012


61!!

!Figure'1.7.1.5. Government!regulation!of!the!internet!!1.7.2. Surveillance$!Internet! users! were! also! asked!whether! they! are!worried! about! the! government! and!companies!checking!what!they!do!online.! !The!large!majority!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users! (62.9%)! are! not! concerned! about! having! their! online! activity!monitored! by! the!state.!Still,! the!percentage!of!those!who!stated!that!they!are!not!concerned!at!all!about!governmental!surveillance!has!dropped!to!24.9%!in!2012!from!68.0%!in!2010!(Figure!1.7.2.1).!!

!Figure'1.7.2.1. Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!the!government!

!A! similar! pattern! is! observed! regarding! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users'! concerns! about!the!private!sector!monitoring!online!activity.!!Although!the!2010!measurement!indicated!that! the!majority! of! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! are! not! concerned! about! companies!

26.5%

7.5%

14.9% 16.0%

35.1%

19.8%

17.8%

19.6%

28.1%

14.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


The Government Should Regulate the Internet More All Respondents

2010 2012

68.0%

6.3% 8.3% 8.1%

9.4%

24.9%

38.0%

15.9% 16.2%

5.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


I Am Worried about the Government Checking What I Do Online Internet Users

2010 2012


62!!

monitoring! their! online! activity,! the! data! from! 2010! suggest! that! there! is! a! growing!concern!among!internet!users!regarding!their!online!privacy!(Figure!1.7.2.2).!!!

!Figure'1.7.2.2. Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!companies!

!! !

59.5%

5.1%

11.1% 10.9% 13.5%

18.9%

27.0%

15.4%

27.2%

11.4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


I Am Worried about Companies Checking what I Do Online Internet Users

2010 2012


63!!

!!!!!!PART$2. $

$$INTERNET#USE#IN#THE#GREEKGCYPRIOT(AND$TURKISHGCYPRIOT(COMMUNITIES((2012)$

!!!!!2.1. INTERNET$ACCESS$AND$USE$!2.1.1. Internet$Penetration$!No! significant!differences!between! the! two! communities! are!observed!with! respect! to!internet!use.! ! In!both! the!Greek\Cypriot!and! the!Turkish\Cypriot! communities,! around!60%! of! the! respondents! were! using! the! internet! during! 2012,! with! a! slightly! higher!percentage!observed!on!the!Greek\Cypriot!side!(Figure!2.1.1.1).!!!

!Figure'2.1.1.1. Internet!use!!2.1.2. Internet$Use$by$Access$Location$!Figure!2.1.2.1! illustrates! the!various! locations!of! internet!access.! ! In!both!communities!most!users!access!the!internet!from!their!home.!!Internet!access!at!school!is!higher!in!the!Greek\Cypriot! community,! while! a! higher! percentage! of! Turkish\Cypriots! access! the!internet!from!mobile!devices.!!

61.6%

58.2%

38.4%

41.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Greek-Cypriots Turkish-Cypriots

Internet Use All respondents

Users Non-users


64!!

!!!

!Figure'2.1.2.1. Internet!access!from!various!locations!!Although! the! percentages! of! internet! users! per! location! are! very! similar! in! the! two!communities,! Greek\Cypriots! seem! to! spend! much! more! time! online! than! Turkish\Cypriot! users.! More! specifically,! Greek\Cypriot! users! spend! time! online! at! home! on!average!7!hours!per!week!more!than!Turkish\Cypriots,!about!4!hours!more!at!work!and!4!at!school.!!It!is!also!striking!that!Greek\Cypriot!users!spend!3!hours!online!more!than!Turkish\Cypriots!using!mobile!devices,!despite!the!fact!that!the!percentage!of!cell!phone!internet!users!is!higher!among!Turkish\Cypriots!(Figure!2.1.2.2.).!!

!Figure'2.1.2.2. Hours!of!internet!use!per!week!from!various!locations!!

2.1.3. Type$of$Internet$Connection$at$Home$!The!overwhelming!majority!of!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(almost!nine!in!ten)!connect!to!the!internet!at!home!via!broadband!connections!and!only!about!one!in!ten!by!a!phone!modem.!Turkish\Cypriot!users!are!more!likely!than!Greek\Cypriots!to!connect!through!a!

95.9%

70.0% 68.6%

31.0%

38.7%

95.8%

65.5%

55.2%

28.8%

54.7%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%


Access to the Internet at Various Locations


18.24

13.12

7.88

1.65

11.66 11.24

9.54

3.52

1.46

8.86

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


Hours of Internet Use at Various Locations



65!!

dial\up!modem!(32%),!while!the!percentage!of!those!who!have!a!broadband!connection!is!more!than!30!percentage!points!lower!than!that!of!the!Greek\Cypriots!(Figure!2.1.3.1).!!It!should!also!be!noted!that!11.6%!of!Turkish\Cypriot!internet!users!access!the!internet!from!home!via!mobile!phone.!!!

!Figure'2.1.3.1. Type!of!connection!at!home!!2.1.4. Digital$Divide$!The!existence!of!a!"digital!divide"! in!Cyprus! is!apparent!on!certain!dimensions! in!both!communities.! !With! respect! to! gender! (Figure! 2.1.4.1),! there! is! a! larger! gap! between!males! and! females! in! the! Turkish\Cypriot! community! (64.5%! vs! 50.8%! compared! to!67.5%!vs!55.7%!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!community).!!!

!Figure'2.1.4.1. Internet!use!by!gender!!!Regarding!the!age!divide,!clear!differences!appear!in!both!communities!(Figures!2.1.4.2)!with!internet!use!decreasing!with!age.!

9.9%

89.7%

0.2% 0.2%

32.0%

56.0%

11.6%

0.4% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Phone modem Broadband (Always on) Mobile modem Other (open field)

Type of Internet Connection at Home Internet at Home Users


61.6%

67.7%

55.7% 58.2%

64.5%

50.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

TOTAL Male Female

Internet Use by Gender All respondents



66!!

!

!Figure'2.1.4.2. Internet!use!by!age!!Educational! level! is! another!major! dimension! on!which! the! digital! divide! is! apparent!(Figure!2.1.4.3).!!In!both!communities,!respondents!with!a!higher!level!of!education!are!much!more!likely!to!be!internet!users.!!

!Figure'2.1.4.3. Internet!Use!by!educational!level!!Although!internet!use!in!the!two!communities!is!similar!in!most!employment!categories!(Figure!2.1.4.4),!internet!use!among!Turkish\Cypriot!housewives!and!househusbands!is!significantly!higher! (76.5%)! than!on! the!Greek\Cypriot! side! (22.6%),!while!among! the!unemployed! it! is! higher! among! Greek\Cypriots! (60%! vs! 25.7%! among! the! Turkish\Cypriot!unemployed).!!

61.60%

93.9%

85.0%

68.7%

52.7%

35.1%

17.6%

12.7%

58.2%

92.2%

75.9%

50.3% 48.3%

25.9%

9.7%

0.0% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

TOTAL 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-99

Internet Use by Age All Respondents


61.6%

4.0%

58.0%

53.8%

91.9%

81.0%

58.2%

19.9%

47.4%

54.2%

90.4% 93.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

TOTAL Primary Secondary Lyceum College/University student College/University Graduate

Internet Use by Educational Level All Respondents



67!!

!Figure'2.1.4.4. Internet!use!by!employment!status!!Internet!use!also!(positively)!correlates!with!monthly!gross!income!(Figure!2.1.4.5).!!

!Figure'2.1.4.5. Internet!use!by!income!!A! significant! difference! between! the! two! communities! is! observed! regarding! internet!use!by!area!type!(Figure!2.1.4.6).! !Although!rates!of!use!are!similar! in!urban!and!rural!areas!on!the!Greek\Cypriot!side,!there!is!a!13.8%!difference!on!the!Turkish\Cypriot!side,!with! urbanites! using! the! internet! at! a! rate! of! 64.1%! and! rural! residents! at! a! rate! of!50.3%.!!!!

61.6%

98.3%

68.5%

60.0%

22.6% 19.1%

85.7%

58.2%

97.6%

68.5%

25.7%

76.5%

22.2%

96.2%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

TOTAL Student Employed Unemployed Housewife or Househusband

Retired Other

Internet Use by Employment Status All Respondents


61.6%

35.9%

47.4%

67.8%

79.3% 81.5%

58.20% 62.50%

41.10%

59.20%

64.50%

75.40%

63.60%

76.70% 76.90%

81.80%

75.00%

85.70%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

TOTA

L

Up

to 1

200€

1201

-200

0€

2001

-300

0€

3001

-400

0€

Mor

e th

an 4

001€

TOTA

L

Up

to 1

000T

L

1000

-200

0TL

2000

-300

0TL

3000

-400

0TL

4000

-500

0TL

5000

-600

0TL

6000

-700

0TL

7000

-800

0TL

8000

-900

0TL

9000

-100

00TL

Mor

e th

an 1

0000

TL

GREEK CYPRIOTS TURKISH CYPRIOTS

Internet Use by Family Income (Gross per Month) All Respondents


68!!

!Figure'2.1.4.6. Internet!use!by!area!type!!The! picture!with! respect! to! citizenship! is! also! very! different! in! the! two! communities!(Figure!2.1.4.7).!!In!the!Greek\Cypriot!side,!internet!use!among!non\Cypriot!nationals!is!very!high!(79%),!while!in!the!Turkish\Cypriot!side!only!half!of!the!respondents!who!had!both!the!Cypriot!as!well!as!a!second!nationality!(mostly!Turkish)!were!internet!users.!!It!should!be!noted!however!that!the!categories!of!comparison!are!not!the!same!as!it!was!not!possible!to!use!the!category!"Cyprus!and!Other"!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!sample!and!the!category! "Other"! in! the! Turkish\Cypriot! sample! because! there! were! very! few! Greek\Cypriots!with!a!dual!nationality!and!very!few!non!Turkish\Cypriots!in!the!sample.!!!

!Figure'2.1.4.7. Internet!use!by!citizenship!!Finally,!a!critical!factor!affecting!internet!use!is!the!presence!in!the!household!of!children!under!the!age!of!18!with!an!apparent!positive!effect!of!children!on!internet!use!in!both!communities!(Figure!2.1.4.8).!!

61.6% 60.7% 62.1%

58.2%

64.1%

50.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

TOTAL Urban Rural

Internet Use by Area Type All Respondents


61.6% 60.1%

78.8%

58.2% 58.7%

51.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

TOTAL Cypriot Other Cyprus and Other

Internet User by Citizenship All Respondents



69!!

!Figure'2.1.4.8. Internet!use!by!children!in!the!household!!2.1.5. Internet$NonGUse$!As!shown!in!Figure!2.1.5.1,!although!the!amount!of!non\users!remains!at!around!40%!in!both!communities,!the!actual!percentage!of!respondents!who!have!never!been!internet!users!is!significantly!lower.!The!percentage!is!higher!in!the!Turkish\Cypriot!side,!as!33.8%!of! the! sample! has! never! used! the! internet! as! opposed! to! 28.0%! in! the! Greek\Cypriot!sample.!!!

!Figure'2.1.5.1. Internet!Users,!ExIUsers!and!NeverIUsers!!Lack!of!knowledge!and! interest,! remain! the!main!reasons! for!not!using! the! internet! in!both! communities! (Figure! 2.1.5.2).! Nevertheless,! while! 17.4%! the! Greek\Cypriots!mention!lack!of!time!as!the!reason!for!not!using!the!internet,!the!corresponding!figure!for! Turkish\Cypriots! is! only! 5.9%.! ! On! the! other! hand,! 17.8%! of! the! Turkish\Cypriot!sample!mentioned!the!high!cost!of!internet!connection!as!the!reason!for!non\use,!while!only!2%!of!the!Greek\Cypriots!said!so.!!

61.6%

72.1%

55.7% 58.2%

68.5%

52.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

TOTAL Yes No

Internet Use by Children Under 18 in Household All Respondents


61.6%

58.2%

10.5% 8.0%

28.0%

33.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Internet Users, Ex-Users and Never-Users All Respondents

Users Ex-Users Never-Users


70!!

!Figure'2.1.5.2. Reasons!for!not!using!the!internet!!Turkish\Cypriots!seem!to!remain!more!reluctant!than!Greek\Cypriots!to!use!the!internet,!as!63.6%!of!non\users!say!that!it! is!not!likely!at!all!to!use!the!internet!in!the!next!year!(Figure! 2.1.5.3).!On! the! other! hand,! 17%!of!Greek\Cypriot! non\users! declare! that! it! is!very!likely!to!start!using!the!internet!in!the!future!(as!opposed!to!only!6.3%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).!!!!

!Figure'2.1.5.3. Likelihood!of!using!the!internet!within!next!year!!2.2. SOURCES$OF$INFORMATION$AND$ENTERTAINMENT$!2.2.1. The$Internet$!No! significant! differences! were! found! between! the! two! communities! regarding! the!importance! of! the! internet! as! a! source! of! information.! An! overwhelming! majority! of!internet!users!in!both!communities!consider!that!the!internet!is!an!important!source!of!information!(Figure!2.2.1.1).!!

25.8%

46.1%

17.4%

5.2%

2.3% 3.1%

27.7%

45.8%

5.9%

2.6%

17.8%

0.2% 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

No interest / not useful Don't know how to use it No time / too busy No computer / internet connection

Too expensive / cannot afford it

Other

Reasons for Not Using the Internet Non-users (ex-users & never-users)


52.0%

31.0%

17.0%

63.6%

30.2%

6.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

not likely might use it very likely

Likelihood of Using the Internet within Next Year Non-users (ex-users & never-users)



71!!

!Figure'2.2.1.1. Importance!of!the!internet!for!information'!Compared! to! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users,! Turkish\Cypriots! tend! to! be! slightly! more!trustful!of!the!reliability!of!online!information!(Figure!2.2.1.2).!!

!Figure'2.2.1.2. Internet!reliability!!Most! Greek\Cypriot! users! (72.8%)! and! an! even! higher! percentage! of! Turkish\Cypriot!users! (80.5%)! stated! that! the! internet! is! an! important! or! very! important! source! of!entertainment!(Figure!2.2.1.3)!!

0.7%

3.3%

9.1%

47.6%

39.3%

0.5% 1.5%

10.6%

40.2%

47.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Important as a Source of Information is the Internet? Internet Users


2.5%

13.3%

55.6%

23.9%

4.8% 2.8%

12.4%

49.1%

28.7%

7.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

None A small part About half Most of it All of it

How Much of the Information on the Internet is Reliable? Internet Users



72!!

!Figure'2.2.1.3. Importance!of!the!internet!for!entertainment!!2.2.2. Television$!Most!internet!users!in!both!communities!report!that!television!is!an!important!or!very!important! source! of! information.! ! Turkish\Cypriot! users! seem! to! attribute! more!importance!on!the!informational!role!of!television,!as!78.5%!consider!that!television!is!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!information!(Figure!2.2.2.1).!!Similar!findings!resulted!among!Greek\Cypriot!users!although! the!corresponding!percentage! is! slightly!lower!(69.0%).!!

!Figure'2.2.2.1. Importance!of!television!for!information!!As!shown!in!Figure!2.2.2.2,!both!Greek\Cypriot!and!Turkish\Cypriot!internet!users!think!that! television! is!also!an! important!or!very! important!source!of!entertainment!(70.8%!and!80.9%!respectively).!

5.5% 7.5%

14.1%

28.6%

44.2%

1.9%

6.0%

11.5%

37.8%

42.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Internet? Internet Users


4.9%

9.1%

17.0%

47.6%

21.4%

1.0%

5.6%

14.9%

50.6%

27.9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Important as a Source of Information is the Television? Internet Users



73!!

!Figure'2.2.2.2. Importance!of!television!for!entertainment!!2.2.3. Newspapers$!Regarding! newspapers! and! their! perceived! importance! as! an! information! source,!Turkish\Cypriot! internet!users! value!newspapers!more! than!Greek\Cypriots,! as!81.1%!report!that!newspapers!are!an!important!or!very!important!source!of!information,!while!the!corresponding!figure!in!the!Greek\Cypriot!sample!is!63.5%!(Figure!2.2.3.1).!!

!Figure'2.2.3.1. Importance!of!newspapers!for!information!!A!very!different!image!resulted!with!respect!to!perceptions!of!newspapers!as!a!source!of!entertainment.!For!more!than!half!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!(55.3%)!newspapers!are!not! important!or!not! important!at!all! as!a! source!of!entertainment,!while! for!Turkish\Cypriot! internet! users! the! corresponding! figure! is! only! 21.4%,!with! 50.3%! indicating!that! newspapers! are! an! important! or! very! important! entertainment! source! (Figure!2.2.3.2).!!!

4.1%

7.5%

17.6%

38.7%

32.1%

1.7% 3.9%

13.5%

48.6%

32.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Tevevision? Internet Users


7.5%

12.4%

16.6%

38.9%

24.6%

1.0%

3.6%

14.4%

49.6%

31.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Important as a Source of Information are the Newspapers? Internet Users



74!!

!Figure'2.2.3.2. Importance!of!newspapers!for!entertainment!!2.2.4. Radio$!The!pattern!is!similar!concerning!the!importance!of!the!radio!as!a!source!of!information.!!Most!Turkish\Cypriot! internet!users! (61.0%)!believe! that! the! radio! is! an! important!or!very!important!source!of!information.!!A!similar,!although!lower,!percentage!(54.5%)!of!Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! consider! the! radio! as! an! important! or! very! important!source!of!information!(Figure!2.2.4.1).!!!

!Figure'2.2.4.1. Importance!of!radio!for!information!!Both! Greek\Cypriot! and! Turkish\Cypriot! internet! users! consider! the! radio! as! an!important! or! very! important! source! of! entertainment:! 60.4%! of! the! Greek\Cypriot!respondents!and!53.3%!of!the!Turkish\Cypriot!respondents!(Figure!2.2.4.2).!!

28.6%

26.7%

22.7%

17.7%

4.3% 3.6%

17.8%

28.3%

34.3%

16.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


How Important as a Source of Entertainment are the Newspapers? Internet Users


9.0%

14.7%

21.9%

38.5%

16.0%

3.8%

11.1%

24.1%

43.3%

17.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


How Important as a Source of Information is the Radio? Internet Users



75!!

!Figure'2.2.4.2. Importance!of!radio!for!entertainment!!2.2.5. Interpersonal$sources$!Interpersonal!relationships!appear! to!be! the!most! important!source!of! information! for!77.0%!of!the!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users!and!72.5%!of!Turkish\Cypriot!internet!users!(Figure!2.2.5.1).!!

!Figure'2.2.5.1. Importance!of!interpersonal!sources!for!information!!2.3. TRADITIONAL$MEDIA$USE$!2.3.1. Television$!No!significant!differences!between!the!two!communities!were!identified!regarding!their!television!viewing!habits!(Figure!2.3.1.1).!!

7.7%

14.8%

17.2%

39.7%

20.7%

5.8%

14.4%

26.5%

38.9%

14.4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Important as a Source of Entertainment is the Radio? Internet Users


2.8%

5.7%

14.4%

39.8%

37.2%

1.2% 3.1%

23.3%

46.6%

25.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


How Important as a Source of Information are Interpersonal Relationships? Internet Users



76!!

!Figure'2.3.1.1. Hours!of!TV!viewing!!2.3.2. Radio$!The!majority!of!internet!users!in!Cyprus!listen!to!the!radio!for!up!to!7!hours!per!week!(47.9%!of!Greek\Cypriots!and!74.3%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).! ! In!general,!the!radio!seems!to!be!more!popular!among!Greek\Cypriot!internet!users,!as!only!7.1%!said!that!they!do!not! listen!to! the!radio!at!all,!while!Turkish\Cypriot!non\listeners!among! internet!users!reach! 20.1%! (Figure! 2.3.2.1).! ! In! addition,! Greek\Cypriots! are! more! likely! to! report!significantly!more!hours!of!listening!to!the!radio.!!

!Figure'2.3.2.1. Hours!of!radio!listening!!2.3.3. Newspapers$!Figure!2.3.3.1!shows!that! the!majority!of! internet!users!spend!up!to!7!hours!per!week!reading!newspapers!(57.1%!of!Greek\Cypriots!and!83.7%!of!Turkish\Cypriots)!while!a!

3.0%

32.3%

28.9%

19.8%

16.0%

3.1%

31.4% 31.9%

22.2%

11.4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


Hours of Watching TV per Week Internet Users


7.1%

47.9%

16.8%

10.7%

17.5% 20.1%

74.3%

4.9%

0.0% 0.7% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


Hours of Radio Listening Per Week Internet Users



77!!

significant!minority!does!not!read!at!all!(32.1%!of!Greek\Cypriots!and!13.7%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).!!

!Figure'2.3.3.1. Hours!of!newspaper!reading!!2.3.4. Comparison$of$Internet$Users$and$NonGUsers$!Internet! users! tend! to! watch! television! fewer! hours! weekly! than! non\users.! ! The!differences! are! apparent! in! both! communities,! as! heavy! television! viewing! is! more!common!among!non\users!of!the!internet!(29.3%!of!Greek\Cypriot!non\users!and!25.2%!or!Turkish\Cypriot!non\users),!while!only!16.0%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!and!11.0%!for!Turkish\Cypriots! users! watch! television! for! more! than! 21! hours! per! week! (Figure!2.3.4.1).!!

!Figure'2.3.4.1. Hours!of!TV!viewing!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!Although! internet! users! are! normally! expected! to! spend! less! time! than! non\users! on!other! media,! our! data! reveal! the! opposite! image! regarding! Cypriots’! radio! listening!habits.! It! is! remarkable! that! in! both! communities! internet! users! spend! more! time!

32.1%

57.1%

7.7%

1.8% 1.3%

13.7%

83.7%

2.2% 0.2% 0.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


Hours of Reading Newspapers per Week Internet Users


3.0%

32.3%

28.9%

19.8%

16.0%

1.8%

22.8%

27.7%

18.3%

29.3%

3.1%

31.4% 31.9%

22.2%

11.4%

1.9%

30.6%

22.1%

20.2%

25.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


Hours of Watching TV per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users

Greek-Cypriot Users Greek-Cypriot Non-Users Turkish-Cypriot Users Turkish-Cypriot Non-Users


78!!

listening! to! radio! than! non\users,! while! in! both! communities! the! percentage! of! non\users!who!do!not!listen!to!the!radio!at!all!is!significantly!higher!than!the!percentage!of!users!who!do!not!listen!to!the!radio!at!all!(Figure!2.3.4.2).!!

!Figure'2.3.4.2. Hours!of!radio!listening!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!Newspaper!reading!seems!to!be!practically!unaffected!by!internet!use,!as!both!users!and!non\users!share!almost!the!same!reading!(or!non\reading)!habits,!while!the!differences!across! the! two! communities! persist! regardless! of! internet! use! or! non\use! (Figure!2.3.4.3).!!

!Figure'2.3.4.3. Hours!of!newspaper!reading!(users!and!nonIusers!of!the!internet)!!Cypriots!who!do!not!use!the!internet!spend!more!time!watching!television,!while!this!is!not!the!case!for!radio!and!newspapers!as!internet!users’!habits!are!very!similar!to!those!of!non\users,!in!both!communities!(Figure!2.3.4.4).!!

7.1%

47.9%

16.8%

10.7%

17.5%

24.5%

35.6%

10.8% 10.8%

18.2% 20.1%

74.3%

4.9%

0.0% 0.7%

42.8%

53.1%

4.1%

0.0% 0.0% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


Hours of Radio Listening per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users


32.1%

57.1%

7.7%

1.8% 1.3%

33.1%

58.3%

4.9% 2.1% 1.6%

13.7%

83.7%

2.2% 0.2% 0.2%

17.1%

78.1%

4.5%

0.2% 0.0% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


Hours of Reading Newspapers per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users



79!!

!Figure'2.3.4.4. Hours!of!use!of!traditional!media!!!2.4. SOCIAL$RELATIONSHIPS$AND$COMMUNICATION$!2.4.1. Social$Relationships$!Concerning!perceptions!of!positive!or!negative!effects!of! internet!use!on! relationships!with!people!with! similar!hobbies,!62.1%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users! feel! that! their! contact!with!people!with!similar!interests!has!remained!the!same!since!being!connected!to!the!internet!and!25.7%!believes!that!it!has!increased.!!The!corresponding!rates!for!Turkish\Cypriots!are!38.5%!and!47.7%!respectively!(Figure!2.4.1.1).!!

!Figure'2.4.1.1. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!hobbies!!Regarding!contact!with!people!with!similar!political!views,!an!overwhelming!majority!in!both! communities! (74.2%! of! Greek\Cypriots! and! 64.7%! of! Turkish\Cypriots)! believe!that! their! contact!with! people!who! share! their! political! views!has! remained! the! same!

14.06 13.87

3.21

19.36

13.32

3.10

12.81

2.66 2.25

17.86

2.01 2.59

0

5

10

15

20

25

Watching TV Radio Listening Reading Newspapers

Hours of Traditional Media Use per Week 2012 Internet Users vs Non-Users


1.1%

6.5%

62.1%

25.7%

4.6% 1.9%

4.8%

38.5%

47.7%

7.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Has your Contact with People who Share your Hobbies/Recreational Activities Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?

Internet Users



80!!

(Figure! 2.4.1.2).! ! Still,! the! percentage! of! Turkish\Cypriot! users!who! think! that! contact!with! people! who! share! their! political! views! has! increased! is! 24.4%,! almost! ten!percentage!points!higher!than!the!corresponding!figure!for!Greek\Cypriots!(15.1%).!!

!Figure'2.4.1.2. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!political!views!!Figure!2.4.1.3!shows!that!most!Cypriots!do!not!think!that!the!internet!has!had!an!impact!on!their!contact!with!people!with!similar!religious!beliefs!(84.4%!of!Greek\Cypriots!and!77.9%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).!!

!Figure'2.4.1.3. Contact!with!people!who!share!the!same!religious!beliefs!!Greek\Cypriot!users!tend!to!believe!that!the!internet!had!a!somewhat!positive!impact!on!their! professional! contacts:! 52.5%! of! Greek\Cypriot! users! feel! that! their! internet!activities! helped! them! improve! their! professional! relations,! as! opposed! 12.5%! of!Turkish\Cypriot!users.!!The!majority!of!Turkish\Cypriots!(77.9%)!and!slightly!less!than!half!of!Greek\Cypriots!feel!that!the!internet!has!not!affected!their!professional!contacts!(Figure!2.4.1.4).!

2.9% 5.7%

74.2%

15.1%

2.2% 3.3% 4.6%

64.7%

24.4%

3.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


Has your Contact with People who Share your Political Views Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?

Internet Users


4.1% 3.2%

84.4%

7.5%

0.9%

5.2% 4.5%

77.9%

9.8%

2.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


Has your Contact with People who Share your Religious Beliefs Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use?

Internet Users



81!!

!

!Figure'2.4.1.4. Contact!with!colleagues!!Most! Cypriots! (59.6%! of! Greek\Cypriots! and! 46.7%! of! Turkish\Cypriots)! feel! that!contact!with!family!members!has!not!undergone!significant!changes!because!of!internet!use.! ! Still,! 10.1%! of! Greek\Cypriots! and! 9.2%! of! Turkish\Cypriots! feel! that! it! has!decreased! and! 30.1%! of! Greek\Cypriots! and! 44.0%! of! Turkish\Cypriots! that! it! has!increased!(Figure!2.4.1.5).!!

!Figure'2.4.1.5. Contact!with!family!!

In!both!communities,! the! internet! is!perceived!to!have!a!positive! impact!on!socializing!with! friends:!55.4%!of!Greek\Cypriots!and!76.2%!of!Turkish\Cypriots! feel! that!contact!with!their!friends!increased!since!connecting!to!the!internet!(Figure!2.4.1.6).!!

0.5% 1.9%

45.0%

32.7%

19.8%

5.2% 4.5%

77.9%

9.8%

2.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


Has your Contact with People in Your Profession Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use? Internet Users


1.6%

8.5%

59.8%

20.9%

9.2%

2.2%

7.0%

46.7%

34.9%

9.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Has your Contact with Your Family Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use? Internet Users



82!!

!Figure'2.4.1.6. Contact!with!friends!!2.4.2. Time$Spent$with$Friends$and$Family$!Comparison! between! the! two! communities! reveals! that! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users!devote! remarkably! more! time! to! family! and! friends! than! Turkish\Cypriots.! More!specifically! the! percentage! of! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! who! spend! more! than! 14!hours! per! week! with! their! families! was! 73.8%! with! the! respective! percentage! of!Turkish\Cypriots!being!40.6%!(Figure!2.4.2.1).!!

!Figure'2.4.2.1. Time!spent!with!family!!A!similar!picture! is! found!concerning!the!time! internet!users!spend!with!their! friends:!Turkish\Cypriot! internet!users! socialize! less!with! friends! compared! to!Greek\Cypriots,!as! the!majority! of! Turkish\Cypriot! internet! users! (53.8%)! spend! 7! hours! or! less!with!their!friends!every!week.!On!the!other!hand,!Greek\Cypriot!users!who!spend!more!than!21!hours!per!week!are!about!10!percentage!points!more!that!Turkish\Cypriots!(Figure!2.4.2.2).!

0.5%

3.6%

40.6%

35.5%

19.9%

1.2% 2.7%

19.9%

58.6%

17.6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Has your Contact with Your Friends Increased or Decreased as a Result of Internet Use? Internet Users


2.9%

9.6%

13.7%

17.1%

56.7%

2.4%

35.3%

21.7% 21.7%

18.9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


Hours Spent with Family per Week Internet Users



83!!

!

!Figure'2.4.2.2. Time!spent!with!friends!!Comparing! internet!users!and!non\users! in!both!communities,! it! is!apparent! that!non\users!spend!more!time!with!their!families!than!users.!!More!specifically,!65.6%!of!Greek\Cypriot!non\users!state!that!they!spend!21!hours!or!more!with!their!families!as!opposed!to!56.7%!of!internet!users.!The!respective!percentages!for!Turkish\Cypriots!were!30.8%!and!18.9%!(Figure!2.4.2.3).!!

!Figure'2.4.2.3. Hour!spent!with!family!per!week.!!

Figure!2.4.2.4!presents!a!comparison!of!users!and!non\users!in!both!communities!with!respect!to!time!spent!with!friends.!!As!noted!in!the!first!part!or!the!report,!Greek!Cypriot!users!report!spending!more!time!with!their!friends!than!non\users.!!This!is!not!the!case!with!Turkish\Cypriot!users.!!In!fact,!internet!use!in!the!Turkish\Cypriot!community!does!not!seem!to!affect!the!time!Turkish\Cypriots!spend!with!their!friends.!!

2.0%

42.9%

24.4%

15.3% 15.5%

1.9%

53.8%

23.2%

14.7%

6.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


Hours Spent with Friends per Week Internet Users


2.9%

9.6%

13.7%

17.1%

56.7%

3.7%

7.7% 9.3%

13.6%

65.6%

2.4%

35.3%

21.7% 21.7% 18.9%

2.4%

30.3%

19.0% 17.5%

30.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Hours Spent with Family per Week 2012 Users vs Non-Users



84!!

!Figure'2.4.2.4. Hours!spent!with!friends!per!week!!2.4.3. Communication$with$Other$People$!Greek\Cypriots!use!email!and!send!email!attachments!more!often!than!Turkish\Cypriots,!who!seem!to!be!significantly!more!active!in!blogging,!posting!pictures!and!videos!online!and!participating!in!discussion!boards.!!Turkish\Cypriots!also!use!instant!messaging!and!update!their!status!in!social!media!more!often!than!Greek\Cypriots,!while!no!important!differences!between!the!two!communities!are!observed!regarding!participation!in!chat!rooms!and!internet!phone!calls!(Figures!2.4.3.1!to!2.4.3.11).!!!

!Figure'2.4.3.1. EImail!use!!

2.00%

42.90%

24.40%

15.30% 15.50% 13.50%

57.90%

13.50%

9.30%

5.80%

1.9%

53.8%

23.2%

14.7%

6.3% 5.0%

58.3%

22.1%

9.0%

5.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


Hours Spent with Friends per Week 2012 Users vs Non-Users


9.3%

2.6% 4.5%

12.9%

29.3%

41.4%

14.5%

8.4% 8.5%

16.4%

30.7%

21.5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Often Do You Check your Email? Internet Users



85!!

!Figure'2.4.3.2. Instant messaging

!

!Figure'2.4.3.3. Participation!in!chat!rooms!!

29.2%

7.0%

4.6%

13.6%

22.1% 23.5%

12.5%

5.0% 4.3%

14.0%

25.0%

39.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Often Do You Use Instant Messaging? Internet Users


55.7%

5.6% 4.5%

6.8%

12.7% 14.7%

53.4%

4.5% 6.4%

10.3% 11.2%

14.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Participate in Chat Rooms? Internet Users



86!!

!Figure'2.4.3.4. Sending!eImail!attachments!!

!Figure'2.4.3.5. Calls!over!the!internet!!

20.2%

7.3%

9.6%

19.6%

23.1%

20.2%

29.3%

10.1%

11.5%

16.0%

20.4%

12.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


How Often Do You Send Email Attachments? Internet Users


36.2%

7.5%

14.5%

18.4%

15.9%

7.5%

44.7%

7.7%

11.3%

15.3%

8.9%

12.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


How Often Do You Make/Receive Calls over the Internet? Internet Users



87!!

!Figure'2.4.3.6. Working!on!blogs!!

!Figure'2.4.3.7. Posting!photos!or!pictures!on!the!internet!!

85.2%

3.3% 2.2% 4.3%

2.7% 2.3%

47.2%

4.7% 3.8%

13.1%

18.0%

13.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


How Often Do You Work on Your Blog? Internet Users


36.2%

15.0%

19.7%

14.3%

10.5%

4.3%

12.5% 11.1%

18.5%

28.1%

12.7%

17.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


How Often Do You Post Photos or Pictures on the Internet? Internet Users



88!!

!Figure'2.4.3.8. Uploading!music!videos!!

!Figure'2.4.3.9. Participation!in!discussion!boards!!

52.2%

8.7% 9.0%

14.2%

11.5%

4.5%

22.5%

9.8%

13.1%

24.9%

13.1%

16.6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Upload Music Videos? Internet Users


50.2%

13.1% 11.0%

9.8% 11.6%

4.3%

39.6%

8.5% 10.2%

14.5% 15.7%

11.4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Post Messages on Discussion Boards? Internet Users



89!!

!Figure'2.4.3.10. Updating!status!!

!Figure'2.4.3.11. Commenting!on!blogs!and!message!boards!!2.4.4. Multitasking$

!Many! Greek\Cypriot! (41.6%)! and! Turkish\Cypriot! users! (40.1%)! report! that! they!multitask! most! of! the! time! while! online! (Figure! 2.4.4.1).! Turkish\Cypriots! seem! to!multitask! more! when! they! are! online,! as! only! 17.9%! said! that! they! never! multitask,!compared!to!27.6%!of!Greek\Cypriots.!!

51.3%

12.1%

7.5%

11.5% 12.6%

5.0%

36.0%

10.3%

7.2%

17.8% 15.6%

13.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Update Your Status (e.g., what you are doing now)? Internet Users


57.1%

11.0% 9.5%

11.3%

6.5% 4.7%

30.1%

10.0% 9.1%

18.1% 17.9%

14.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Comment on Other People's Blogs, Message Boards, etc.? Internet Users



90!!

!Figure'2.4.4.1. Multitasking!!2.5. ONLINE$ACTIVITIES$!2.5.1. Information$Related$Online$Activities$!As!shown!in!Figure!2.5.1.1,!Greek\Cypriots!use!the!internet!on!a!daily!basis!in!order!to!gather! news! information! at! a! higher! rate! compared! to! Turkish\Cypriots! (61.8%! of!Greek\Cypriots!said!that!they!use!the!internet!at!least!once!a!day!for!news!information,!compared!to!31.0%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).!!

!Figure'2.5.1.1. Looking!for!news!!Even! though! searching! for! a! job! is! not! a! very! common! activity,! it! seems! that! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! are! more! familiar! with! seeking! employment! online! (Figure!2.5.1.2).!!

27.6%

30.9%

41.6%

17.9%

42.0%

40.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

no yes, sometimes yes, most of the time

Do You Multitask when You Are Online? Internet Users


6.0% 6.4% 6.9%

18.9%

39.1%

22.7% 21.7%

13.3%

9.7%

24.3%

21.3%

9.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


How Often Do You Look for News on the Internet? Internet Users



91!!

!Figure'2.5.1.2. Looking!for!a!job!!Reading! other! people’s! blogs! is! more! popular! among! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users:!Greek\Cypriots!read!blogs!at!least!one!a!week!at!a!rate!of!44.9%,!compared!to!Turkish\Cypriots!who!report!doing!so!at!a!rate!of!21.1%!(Figure!2.5.1.3).!!

!Figure'2.5.1.3. Reading!blogs!!A! slight! difference! is! also! observed! in! the! use! of! websites! with! humorous! content:!although!almost!half!of!the!users!in!both!communities!never!use!the!internet!to!search!for!humorous!content,!34.6%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!do!that!at!least!once!a!week,!while!the!corresponding!percentage!of!Turkish\Cypriots!is!only!22.0%!(Figure!2.5.1.4).!!

61.5%

8.1% 5.9% 6.6% 7.2%

10.8%

73.0%

11.8%

6.9% 4.5%

2.6% 1.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


How Often Do You Look for a Job on the Internet? Internet Users


37.1%

7.7% 10.2%

20.8%

17.6%

6.5%

57.6%

12.3%

9.0% 10.4%

7.7%

3.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


How Often Do You Read Blogs? Internet Users



92!!

!Figure'2.5.1.4. Looking!for!humorous!content!!No!apparent!differences!were!noted!between!the!two!communities,!regarding!the!search!for!travel!information!(Figure!2.5.1.5).!!

!Figure'2.5.1.5. Looking!for!travel!information!!Greek\Cypriots!seem!to!use!the!internet!for!health!information!slightly!more!frequently!that!Turkish\Cypriot!users!(Figure!2.5.1.6).!!

45.9%

9.0% 10.5%

15.7% 15.2%

3.7%

49.3%

16.4%

12.2% 11.6%

6.6%

3.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Look for Jokes, Cartoons or Other Humorous Content on the Internet? Internet Users


21.9%

33.0%

21.6%

12.2%

5.9% 5.4%

22.9%

36.1%

21.0%

10.9%

5.6%

3.5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


How Often Do You Look for Travel Information on the Internet? Internet Users



93!!

!Figure'2.5.1.6. Looking!for!health!information!!Figure! 2.5.1.7! shows! that! Turkish\Cypriot! users! look! for! consumer! information! less!frequently!than!Greek\Cypriots.!!!

!Figure'2.5.1.7. Getting!information!about!a!product!!2.5.2. Online$Transactions$!Greek\Cypriots! report! buying! things! online!more! often! than! Turkish\Cypriots! (Figure!2.5.2.1).!!!It!is!noted!that!only!34.7%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!report!never!buying!things!online,!compared!to!53.3%!of!Turkish\Cypriot!users.!!!!

21.5%

19.1%

25.0%

21.3%

10.4%

2.7%

25.3% 24.3%

23.7%

16.8%

5.9%

4.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%


How Often Do You Look for Health Information on the Internet? Internet Users


13.2%

11.7%

20.5%

24.6%

15.8%

14.1%

16.8% 16.8%

22.3%

26.3%

12.6%

5.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%


How Often Do You Get Information About a Product on the Internet? Internet Users



94!!

!Figure'2.5.2.1. Buying!online!!Turkish\Cypriots! use! the! internet! less! frequently! than! Greek\Cypriots! for! online!transactions,! such! as! paying! bills! (Figure! 2.5.2.2),! and! for! internet! banking! services!(Figure!2.5.2.3),!while!in!both!communities!online!investment!transactions!are!not!very!popular!(Figure!2.5.2.4).!!!

!Figure'2.5.2.2. Paying!bills!!

!

34.7%

29.0%

22.2%

10.5%

2.5% 1.0%

53.3%

25.6%

14.5%

4.0%

1.4% 1.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Buy Things Online? Internet Users


57.5%

14.6%

20.3%

6.4%

0.8% 0.3%

71.8%

7.8%

16.8%

2.1% 1.0% 0.5% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


How Often Do You Pay Bills Online? Internet Users


47.5%

5.6%

13.4%

19.5%

12.4%

1.7%

62.6%

6.7%

10.7% 9.5%

8.0%

2.4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%


How Often Do You Use Your Bank's Online Services? Internet Users



95!!

Figure'2.5.2.3. Online!banking!!

!Figure'2.5.2.4. Investing!online!!Online!travel!bookings!are!more!common;!the!majority!of!internet!users!have!used!the!internet! to! arrange! some! travel! reservation,! although! most! users! make! travel!reservations! less! frequently! than! once! a! month.! ! Greek\Cypriots! make! online! travel!arrangements!slightly!more!often!(Figure!2.5.2.5).!!

!Figure'2.5.2.5. Making!travel!arrangements!!2.5.3. Security$Concerns$!Overall,! Greek\Cypriots! are! more! skeptical! than! Turkish\Cypriots! about! the! safety! of!their! online! transactions.! ! While! 47.6%! of! Greek\Cypriot! internet! users! are! very! or!extremely! concerned! about! the! online! security! of! their! credit! card! information,! the!respective! percentage! of! Turkish\Cypriots! is! only! 24.1%.! ! At! the! same! time,! the!percentage!of!Turkish\Cypriots!who!seem!to!feel!no!concern!at!all!about!the!security!of!their!online!transactions!is!higher!than!the!corresponding!percentage!of!Greek\Cypriots!by!6.2!points!(Figure!2.5.3.1).!!

96.3%

2.4% 0.7% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2%

92.9%

4.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.5% 0.5%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%


How Often Do You Invest in Stocks/Funds/Bonds Online? Internet Users


35.4%

52.3%

9.0%

1.7% 0.8% 0.8%

47.1%

42.6%

6.6%

1.4% 0.9% 1.6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Make Travel Reservations/Bookings Online? Internet Users



96!!

!Figure'2.5.3.1. Concerns!about!security!of!online!transactions'!2.5.4. Online$Entertainment$!Turkish\Cypriot! users! use! the! internet! for! playing! games! (Figure! 2.5.4.1)! more! often!than! do! Greek\Cypriots,! who! use! it! more! frequently! for! downloading! music! (Figure!2.5.4.2)!and!videos!(Figure!2.5.4.3).!!Browsing!(Figure!2.5.4.7)!is!by!far!the!most!popular!activity! in! both! communities,! whereas! visiting! religious! websites! (Figure! 2.5.4.4),!betting!(Figure!2.5.4.6)!and!looking!for!sexual!content!(Figure!2.5.4.8)!remain!relatively!infrequent!(again,!the!latter!could!be!misleading!as!some!users!may!feel!uncomfortable!to!disclose!this!information).! !Social!networking!activities!(Figure!2.5.4.9)!and!listening!to! online! stations! (Figure! 2.5.4.5)! are! also! more! popular! among! the! Greek\Cypriot!community.!!

!Figure'2.5.4.1. Playing!games!!

14.8%

32.3%

28.0%

19.6%

5.3%

21.0%

32.9%

15.6%

8.5%

22.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

not at all concerned somewhat concerned very concerned extremely concerned Do not have a credit card or bankcard

Concerned about Security of Credit/Bank Cards in Online Transactions? Internet Users


48.4%

6.7% 8.3% 9.1%

16.4%

11.1%

36.4%

12.2%

6.6%

14.5%

18.1%

12.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Play Games Online? Internet Users



97!!

!Figure'2.5.4.2. Online!music!

!

!Figure'2.5.4.3. Online!videos!!

!Figure'2.5.4.4. Religious!sites!

!

22.6%

4.9%

8.8%

19.1%

24.3%

20.4%

27.9%

7.3%

8.8%

19.0%

20.2%

16.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%


How Often Do You Download or Listen to Music Online? Internet Users


27.2%

7.2% 7.9%

20.3%

22.5%

14.8%

33.7%

10.7%

7.3%

21.1%

17.8%

9.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


How Often Do You Download or Watch Videos Online? Internet Users


76.6%

10.8%

6.7% 4.2%

0.8% 0.8%

79.4%

9.7%

5.0% 3.8% 1.6% 0.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


How Often Do You Look at Religious or Spiritual Websites? Internet Users



98!!

!Figure'2.5.4.5. Online!radio!!

!Figure'2.5.4.6. Betting!and!gambling!online!!

!Figure'2.5.4.7. Surfing!the!web!!

44.1%

9.6% 7.6%

14.4%

17.4%

6.9%

54.8%

9.2% 9.3% 10.2% 11.1%

5.4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Listen to a Radio Station Online? Internet Users


91.2%

4.7% 1.3% 1.5% 1.2% 0.0%

89.6%

3.6% 1.6%

3.6% 0.7% 0.9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


How Often Do You Bet, Gamble or Enter Sweepstakes? Internet Users


8.1%

1.7% 2.7%

10.1%

33.3%

44.1%

13.8%

7.3% 7.6%

22.0%

25.3% 23.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%


How Often Do You Surf or Browse the Web? Internet Users



99!!

!Figure'2.5.4.8. Online!sexual!content!!

!Figure'2.5.4.9. Social!networking!sites!!2.5.5. Online$Learning$!Although! the! two! communities! are! about! equally! involved! in! using! the! internet! to!retrieve! school\related! information! (Figure! 2.5.5.3),! Greek\Cypriots! tend! to! use! the!internet!more!than!Turkish\Cypriots!to!look!up!word!definitions!(Figure!2.5.5.1)!and!for!fact! checking! (Figure! 2.5.5.2).! ! The! involvement! of! both! communities! in! distance!learning!activities!remains!infrequent!(Figure!2.5.5.4).!!

!

74.9%

8.5% 8.7% 6.1%

0.8% 1.0%

80.3%

7.5%

3.0% 3.9% 1.4% 1.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%


How Often Do You Look at Websites with Sexual Content? Internet Users


20.6%

2.4%

4.2%

12.0%

26.3%

34.6%

27.1%

8.2%

10.6%

15.3% 14.1%

24.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


How Often Do You Visit Social Networking or Video-Sharing Websites? Internet Users



100!!

!Figure'2.5.5.1. Online!learning!I!word!definitions!!

!Figure'2.5.5.2. Online!learning!–!fact!checking!!

!Figure'2.5.5.3. Online!learning!I!school!related!information!!

20.2%

10.0%

13.6%

23.9%

19.2%

13.2%

25.2%

16.4%

14.1%

22.2%

13.4%

8.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%


How Often Do You Use the Internet for Searching for Word Definitions? Internet Users


22.0%

8.9%

13.5%

24.9%

21.0%

9.9%

24.2%

14.9%

16.3%

26.5%

13.3%

4.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%


How Often Do You Use the Internet for Fact Checking? Internet Users


52.6%

6.1% 8.3%

10.4% 11.9%

10.7%

49.6%

8.7%

5.5%

13.6% 13.6%

9.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


How Often Do You Use the Internet for School-related Information Retrieval? Internet Users



101!!

!Figure'2.5.5.4. Online!learning!I!distance!learning'!2.6. PERCEPTIONS$ABOUT$SOCIAL$AND$POLITICAL$LIFE$!2.6.1. Political$Efficacy$!When! asked! to! place! themselves! on! the! "Left\Right"! degree! scale,! about! one! in! four!Greek\Cypriots!and!one!in!five!Turkish\Cypriots!stated!that!they!do!not!accept!this!kind!of! political! distinction! (Figure! 2.6.1.1).! ! Further,! 2.4%! of! Turkish\Cypriots! refused! to!answer,!because!they!did!not!want!to!reveal!this!kind!of!personal!information.!!Of!those!who!did!place!themselves!on!the!scale,!an!overwhelming!majority!in!both!communities!chose!the!middle!value.!!A!remarkable!difference!concerns!the!percentage!that!said!they!did!not!know!(1.8%!of!Greek\Cypriots!vs!8.0%!of!Turkish\Cypriots).!!This!result!could!be!related! to! the! upcoming! presidential! election! in! the! Greek\Cypriot! community,! which!could!have!raised!the!levels!of!political!awareness!among!Greek\Cypriot!respondents.!!

!Figure'2.6.1.1. Political!selfIplacement!on!the!leftIright!axis!

!

Distrust! toward! an! increase! in! political! efficacy! due! to! internet! use! is! higher! among!Turkish\Cypriots!as!45.1%!of!the!respondents!(vs!35.6%!among!Greek\Cypriots)!do!not!believe! that! the! internet! can! increase! their! influence! in! politics,! while! 31.8%! (21.8%!among!Greek\Cypriots)!remain!uncertain!(Figure!2.6.1.2).!!!

93.7%

2.9% 1.4% 0.3% 0.7% 1.0%

88.3%

4.6% 1.6% 2.1% 1.9% 1.4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


How Often Do You Use the Internet for Distance Learning? Internet Users


4.0%

0.6%

3.6%

6.9%

5.6%

27.5%

4.5%

6.5%

7.8%

1.6%

4.3%

1.8%

25.2%

6.1%

4.2%

6.1% 5.6%

7.9%

21.3%

10.1%

2.4% 1.4% 1.1%

3.5%

8.0%

19.8%

2.4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

0 (extreme left) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (extreme right) Don't Know Do not accept political

distinction

post-coded: "refused because

it is personal"

Political Self-Placement All Respondents



102!!

!Figure'2.6.1.2. Increase!of!personal!political!power!!Most!users!in!both!communities!remain!skeptical!as!to!whether!the!use!of!the!internet!can! increase! one’s! personal! impact! on! governmental! decisions! and! actions! (Figure!2.6.1.3).!!

!Figure'2.6.1.3. Increase!of!personal!influence!on!governmental!actions!!Figure!2.6.1.4!shows!that!the!majority!in!both!communities!also!remains!skeptical!as!to!whether!the!internet!can!increase!public!officials'!interest!in!what!people!think!(62.5%!of!Greek\Cypriot!users!and!57.3%!of!Turkish\Cypriot!users!disagree!or!strongly!disagree!with!the!corresponding!statement!on!the!questionnaire).!!

9.7%

25.9%

21.8%

34.2%

8.5%

5.6%

39.5%

31.8%

20.5%

2.6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


The Internet Can Increase Personal Influence on Politics Internet Users


13.5%

32.0%

21.1%

28.1%

5.3%

3.8%

35.7%

26.4%

28.3%

5.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


The Internet Can Increase Personal Influence on Governmental Actions Internet Users



103!!

!Figure'2.6.1.4. Increase!of!officials’!interest!in!what!people!think!!Yet,! Greek\Cypriot! respondents! evaluate! the! internet’s! potential! contribution! to! the!understanding! of! political! processes! more! positively! than! Turkish\Cypriots! (Figure!2.6.1.5).!!

!Figure'2.6.1.5. Better!understanding!of!politics!!Most!users!perceive!an! increasing! importance!of! the! internet! in!political! campaigning,!especially! in! the! Greek\Cypriot! community! as! more! than! 70%! believe! that! it! has!acquired!importance!in!political!campaigns!(Figure!2.6.1.6)!!

25.5%

37.0%

15.1%

19.2%

3.1%

14.50%

42.80%

25.50%

14.50%

2.80%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


The Internet Will Increase Public Officials' Interest about What People Think Internet Users


8.3%

22.4%

16.4%

41.4%

11.5%

5.80%

36.90%

31.50%

22.90%

3.00%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


The Internet Can Help in Better Understanding of Politics Internet Users



104!!

!Figure'2.6.1.6. Importance!of!internet!during!the!preIelection!campaigns.!!2.6.2. Social$Trust$!In!all!three!questions!about!social!trust,!most!respondents!in!both!communities!placed!themselves! in! the!middle! of! the!10\point! scale.! ! Still,! Greek\Cypriots'! reservations! are!more! pronounced! in! all! three! items!with! 20\25%! placing! themselves! on! the! extreme!"distrust"!end!of! the!scale:!22.8%!believes! that!people!cannot!be! trusted!at!all! (Figure!2.6.2.1),!20.3%!says!that!people!would!try!to!take!advantage!of!you!whenever!they!have!the!chance!(Figure!2.6.2.2)!and!24.9%!thinks! that!people!only! look!out! for! themselves!(Figure!2.6.2.3).!The!corresponding!percentages! in!the!Turkish\Cypriot!community!are!8.4%,!11.6%!and!9.6%.!!

!Figure'2.6.2.1. Most!people!can!be!trusted!!

5.10%

14.00%

9.70%

42.70%

28.40%

5.10%

28.70%

24.70%

35.20%

6.30%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


The Internet Acquired Importance During the Pre-Election Campaigns Internet Users


22.8%

6.8%

9.2%

10.6%

9.4%

24.6%

5.7% 5.5%

3.9%

0.6% 0.8%

8.4%

5.1%

9.2%

13.0% 12.5%

25.5%

12.0%

9.7%

3.1%

0.7% 0.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

0 (you can't be too careful)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people can be

trusted)

Most People Can Be Trusted All Respondents



105!!

!Figure'2.6.2.2. Most!people!will!try!to!take!advantage!of!you!!

!Figure'2.6.2.3. Most!people!will!try!to!be!helpful!!2.7. FREEDOM$OF$EXPRESSION$AND$SURVEILLANCE$!2.7.1. Freedom$of$Expression$!Greek\Cypriot!respondents!declared!a!higher!degree!of!comfort!to!express!their!political!opinions! on! the! internet! (70%! vs! 42.9%! of! Turkish\Cypriots).! ! A! large! percentage! of!Turkish\Cypriots! (27.3%)! feel! limited! in! expressing! their! opinions! on! political! issues!and!29.8%!are!uncertain!(Figure!2.7.1.1).!!!!

20.3%

7.3%

9.4% 9.5% 9.3%

26.7%

6.9%

4.4%

2.5%

1.3%

2.6%

11.6%

7.7% 8.6%

11.6% 11.8%

23.8%

11.6%

6.7%

3.3%

1.0%

2.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

0 (most people would take

advantage of me)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people pepole would be fair)

Most People Will Try to Take Advantage of You All Respondents


24.9%

7.3%

11.8% 12.6%

8.8%

22.7%

4.0% 2.9% 3.3%

0.7% 0.9%

9.6%

7.2%

8.7% 9.7%

11.6%

28.2%

12.3%

7.4%

2.2% 1.4% 1.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

0 (people mostly look

out for themselves)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (most people pepole would try to be

helpful)

Most People Would Try to Be Helpful All Respondents



106!!

!Figure'2.7.1.1. Freedom!of!expression!on!political!issues'!A!significant!proportion!of!Turkish\Cypriots!(34.9%)!are!also!uncertain!as!to!whether!it!is! safe! to! freely! express! political! views! on! the! internet,! while! slightly! less! than! half!(47.6%)! think! it! is! not! (compared! to! 53.5%! of! Greek\Cypriots).! ! Overall! the! views! of!Turkish\Cypriots!are!more!moderate!on!this!issue!(Figure!2.7.1.2).!!!

!Figure'2.7.1.2. Political!expression!online!!The!majority!of!Greek\Cypriots!(77.2%)!and!about!half!(49.9%)!of!Turkish\Cypriots!are!in!favor!of!the!freedom!to!criticize!the!government!online!(Figure!2.7.1.3).!!!

4.9%

13.2% 11.9%

36.9%

33.1%

5.3%

22.0%

29.8%

34.3%

8.6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


I Feel Comfortable Saying Whatever I Think about Politics All Respondents


18.7%

34.8%

21.2%

18.0%

7.2%

10.8%

36.8%

34.9%

15.6%

1.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


On the Internet, It Is Safe to Say Whatever You Think About Politics All Respondents



107!!

!Figure'2.7.1.3. Criticizing!government!online!!A!higher!percentage!of!Greek\Cypriots! (59.4%)! than!of!Turkish\Cypriots! (35.4%)! is! in!favor!of!the!freedom!to!express!ideas!online,!even!if!they!are!viewed!as!extreme!(Figure!2.7.1.4).!!!

!Figure'2.7.1.4. Expression!of!extreme!ideas!online!!Should!the!government!regulate!the!internet!more!than!it!does!now?!More!than!four!in!ten!Greek\Cypriot!respondents!(43.1%)!support!this!view,!while!only!37.1%!of!Turkish\Cypriots!does!so!(Figure!2.7.1.5).!!At!the!same!time,!Greek\Cypriots!are!also!more!likely!to! strongly! disagree.! ! As! it! can! be! seen! on! the! graph! Turkish\Cypriots! express! more!moderate!views!on!this!issue.!!!

3.8%

9.6% 9.3%

42.5%

34.7%

4.8%

18.4%

27.0%

36.1%

13.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%


People Should Be Free to Criticize Their Government on the Internet All Respondents


6.2%

18.7%

15.8%

37.4%

22.0%

5.9%

27.6%

31.2% 29.8%

5.6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


It Is OK to Express Even Extreme Ideas on the Internet All Respondents



108!!

!Figure'2.7.1.5. Government!regulation!of!the!internet!!2.7.2. Surveillance$!The!majority!of!Greek\Cypriot! internet!users! (62.9%)!are!not! concerned!about!having!their! online! activity! monitored! by! the! state.! ! The! corresponding! figure! for! Turkish\Cypriots! is!much! lower!at!27.0%!(Figure!2.7.2.1).! !Turkish\Cypriots!are!more! likely! to!worry!about!governmental!online!surveillance,!as!45.9%!(compared!to!21.3%!of!Greek\Cypriots)!agreed!or!strongly!agreed!with!the!corresponding!questionnaire!item.!!

!Figure'2.7.2.1. Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!the!government!!Similarly,!as!shown!on!Figure!2.7.2.2,!Turkish\Cypriot!internet!users!(43.5%)!are!more!concerned!than!Greek\Cypriot!users!(38.6%)!about!private!sector!monitoring!of!online!activity.!!!!

19.8%

17.8%

19.6%

28.1%

14.8%

7.4%

26.7%

28.9%

31.7%

5.4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


The Government Should Regulate the Internet More All Respondents


24.9%

38.0%

15.9% 16.2%

5.1% 5.5%

21.5%

27.1%

33.0%

12.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%


I Am Worried about the Government Checking What I Do Online Internet Users



109!!

!Figure'2.7.2.2. Concerns!about!online!surveillance!by!companies!!

18.9%

27.0%

15.4%

27.2%

11.4%

6.7%

22.0%

27.8%

32.0%

11.5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%


I Am Worried about Companies Checking what I Do Online Internet Users


wip 2012 final report v5 - ktisis cyprus university of ... · world internet project final report...

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