ColumbusOhio

THE HILANDAR RESEARCH LIBRARYTHE RESOURCE CENTER FOR MEDIEVAL SLAVIC STUDIES

The Ohio StateUniversity

Volume 11 May 2002

CyrillicManuscriptHeritage

INSIDE FEATURESProfiles - Interviews with RCMSS Advisory Council Memberand CMRS Director, Nicholas Howe, and International Affiliatefor Scandinavia, Per Ambrosiani. Page 3

Historic Raška, Serbia:Site of the Fifth

International HilandarConference

Kallistos, Bishop of Diokleia, and William “Brit” Kirwan, OSU president photo by Nathan Robinson

The Fifth International Hilandar Conference has beenscheduled for Raška, Serbia, from September 8 – 14, 2002.The conference is being sponsored by the “Gradac” CulturalCenter of Raška, Serbia, and the Resource Center for Medi-eval Slavic Studies of The Ohio State University. The themeof the conference is: Love of Learning and Devotion to Godin Orthodox Monasteries. Papers will be presented on top-ics relating to learning, culture, and monastic life in medievalSlavia Orthodoxa. The presentations will take place from Sep-tember 9th through the 12th with the remainder of the timedesignated for travel to and from the conference and for ex-cursions to monasteries and other local attractions.

Historic Raška, Serbia, includes the very picturesqueKopaonik mountain region. Several monasteries are locatedthere, including Gradac, Stara Pavlica, Nova Pavlica,Nikoljaca, Studenica, Sopo‹ani, Petrova Crkva, DjurdjeviStupovi, and Crna Reka. These cultural monuments date fromthe 9th through the 13th centuries. Conference participantswill receive complimentary registration, housing, meals,

continued on page 9

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HRL Journal - Reports on HRL research projects by MarianaDimitrova, Jennifer Spock, Victor Alexandrov and MargaretDimitrova. Pages 4-5, 8 and 11Picture Gallery - Scenes from Bishop Ware’s visit. Pages 6-7Recent Bibliography - Publications related to HRL/RCMSSmaterials and resources. Page 10

Before a rapt and appreciative audience of over 200 on April9 of this year Kallistos, Bishop of Diokleia, spoke on Lightand Glory: The Significance of St. Gregory Palamas for theWorld Today, a fascinating and complex topic made under-standable by the depth of knowledge, eloquence, and passionof His Grace’s words.

Bishop Kallistos, the former Timothy Ware, is a world-re-nowned theologian and Pembroke Fellow and the formerSpalding Lecturer of Eastern Orthodox Studies at the Univer-sity of Oxford. Author of several books and currently workingon the translation and study of the Philokalia, Bishop Ware isstill best known for The Orthodox Church, now in several print-ings and often used as a seminal textbook on Orthodoxy.

Bishop Ware was introduced by Dr. Melinda Nelson, As-sistant Dean of the College of Humanities. His Grace’s lecturewas given before an OSU community of faculty and students,members of the Columbus Greek parish of the AnnunciationCathedral, members of other local parishes, as well as guestsfrom as far away as Canada, Oklahoma, and Tennessee. Soon,interested individuals throughout the world may also view and

Bishop Kallistos Meets OSUCommunity During Visit

Sponsored by RCMSS/HRL

2 Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage May 2002

CYRILLIC MANUSCRIPTHERITAGE

Director: PREDRAG MATEJICManaging Editors: HELENE SENECAL

AND M.A. JOHNSONContributing Editor: DINISSA DUVANOVAMedia Consultant: LORRAINE ABRAHAM

Hilandar Research LibraryResource Center

for Medieval Slavic StudiesThe Ohio State University

225/227 Main Library1858 Neil Avenue Mall

Columbus, Ohio 43210-1286Telephone: 614-292-0634

Fax: 614-292-7859E-mail: hilandar@osu.eduwww.cohums.ohio-state.

edu/cmrs/rcmss/

Director’s Desk Dr. Predrag Matejic

Several weekshave passed since thevisit and lecture ofKallistos, Bishop ofDiokleia, though theexcitement and energyhe created are still withus and will likely con-tinue for some time—we hope until his nextvisit! We are grateful

to His Grace for the time he shared with us,for his inspirational words, and for the inter-est he has shown in the Hilandar ResearchLibrary and the Resource Center for Medi-eval Slavic Studies.

Related to Bishop Kallistos’ visit, we alsohosted a small dinner in his honor. In addi-tion to several university officials, also presentwere a few especially invited guests. Makinga special appearance, Dr. William “Brit” Kirwan,the president of The Ohio State University,met the dinner guests and spoke for severalminutes, welcoming His Grace and express-ing gratitude to our supporters and staff. It wasboth personally and professionally gratifying tohear President Kirwan speak so enthusiasti-cally of my father’s academic legacy, which in-cludes the Hilandar Research Library and theResource Center for Medieval Slavic Studies.We were also delighted to hear that plans forthe future major renovation of the Main Li-brary at The Ohio State University, already inthe planning stage, include a larger and moreprominent role for the Hilandar ResearchLibrary.

The other major activity of this Spring hasbeen planning the 5th International HilandarConference, September 8-14, Raška, Serbia.Coordinating our efforts with Dr. Miroljub Joko-vi‹ of Serbia, we look forward to a successfulconference in Serbia’s historic Kapaonik re-gion. We have received inquiries regardingthe conference from throughout the world.His Holiness, Patriarch Pavle, is expected toopen the conference with a service inStudenica Monastery on September 8.

We hope to have an exciting announce-ment at the 5th International Hilandar Confer-ence. The week of March 25 we hosted theDirector of the Museum of the Serbian Ortho-dox Church in Belgrade, Dr. SlobodanMileusni‹, who was researching possible con-nections between iconographers and manu-

script illuminators of Hilandar Serbian manu-scripts of the 16th and 17th centuries. Whilehere, we continued discussions regarding thepossibility of obtaining microfilms of the valu-able manuscript collections of the Museum.Shortly after his return to Serbia, Dr. Mileus-niƒ informed us that Patriarch Pavle looks fa-vorably on such a project. It is our sincere hopethat the Conference in Raška will serve as anappropriate venue during which an officialsigning and announcement of such an agree-ment between the Serbian Orthodox Church(for the Museum) and the Hilandar ResearchLibrary will be made. The possibility of add-ing almost a million microfilmed pages ofsuch important manuscript material is breath-taking. Of great significance is the opportu-nity to help preserve the important cultural heri-

tage of Serbia’s manuscripts, to make this heri-tage more accessible, and to have it join andbe utilized together with the related materialfrom Hilandar Monastery, certain other mon-asteries on Mount Athos, as well as the other90-some collections already available on mi-croform in the HRL.

William Veder, RCMSS international af-filiate for The Netherlands and co-editor of theimportant medieval Slavic informational bulle-tin and journal, Polata k”nigopis’naia (“Scripto-rium”), initiated discussions of the transfer ofback and future issues of the journal to elec-tronic format, to then be made available viathe HRL’s website. Taking advantage of a briefresearch trip to the HRL in April, Dr. Vedermet with me and Dr. Raimund Goerler, Assis-tant Director for Special Collections of the OSULibraries and University Archivist, to explorethis joint venture. We gladly anticipate hostingand making accessible this important schol-arly journal.

We also have other good news to share.Dongsoo Jeon, a longtime RCMSS GraduateResearch Associate, successfully defended his

PhD dissertation and is now gainfully em-ployed. Also, Matilde Casas-Olea, participantin the 1999 Medieval Slavic Summer Insti-tute and recipient of a 2001 Summer Stipend,has received a teaching position at the Univer-sity of Granada, Spain. She is now preparingthe publication of the Slavic manuscript dis-covered in Granada’s university library.

Finally, unfortunately we have had somesignificant losses to our family of scholarsand supporters. Academician Stojan Vujici‹,of Hungary, who was so instrumental in 1984in assisting us and arranging the microfilm-ing of the valuable manuscripts of the SerbianOrthodox Ecclesiastic Museum in SzentAndre, Hungary, has passed away. His beau-tiful voice and good nature will be missed byall. Mrs. Esther Clarke, who donated the“Clarke Paisii” manuscript to the HRL, toohas passed away. Medieval scholarshipmourns the loss of Sir Dimitrii Obolensky, theUniversity of Oxford’s renowned Byzantino-Slavist. Scholarship will also miss UCLA’seminent linguist and Slavist, HenrikBirnbaum. And, while neither a Slavist norscholar, we shall certainly miss Lee Akkermanof Florida, whose friendship and advice wasmost crucial at a critical stage in our RussianProject. Also, one of the HRL’s earliest bene-factors, Michael Kvocka of Columbus, re-cently died. A supporter since the first days ofthe original Hilandar Project, we will alwaysremember him for his advice, quiet wisdom,and often anonymous generosity.

V. Rev. Dr. Matejic, P. Matejic and S. Mileusni‹

Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage 3May 2002

RCMSS ADVISORY COUNCILS IN PROFILESeries Featuring Individual Members

International AffiliateOSU Advisory Council

By Dinissa Duvanova

Nicholas Howe, professor of English and director of theCenter for Medieval and Renaissance Studies (CMRS) at TheOhio State University, received his PhD from Yale in 1978.After teaching at Rutgers University and the University ofOklahoma, Dr. Howe joined the OSU faculty in 1991. As amember of the RCMSS Advisory Board, he believes that the

Resource Center for MedievalSlavic Studies plays a crucial rolein the work of medieval and re-naissance studies “because itmakes all western medievalists farmore cognizant of the geographi-cal scale, religious diversity andcultural range of their discipline.”He recalls that during his gradu-ate studies in the mid-1970s, me-dieval studies, for all intents andpurposes, meant France, Britain,Germany and maybe Italy andSpain. Beyond that, nothing! Heis pleased that students at Ohio

State have access to a great collection of Slavic materials anda cadre of fine colleagues in this field.

Dr. Howe is currently working on a book about ideas ofplace and cultural senses of geography in Anglo-Saxon En-gland (pre-1100 C.E.). The book, entitled Writing the Map ofAnglo-Saxon England, will engage with the ways in whichearly medieval cartography was a narrative or textual formrather than the visual one we know today. “The Anglo-Sax-ons wrote their maps, quite literally, and did not draw them.They were able to relate geography to history in ways thatsuggest their sense of place had a great deal to do with whathad happened there,” he explains. Professor Howe recentlywas named a recipient of the prestigious John SimonGuggenheim Memorial Fellowship, an award which will fur-ther facilitate his study of Anglo-Saxon England. He hasauthored numerous books, articles, reviews, and editorialworks including The Old English Catalogue Poems: A Studyin Poetic Form (1985) and Migration and Mythmaking inAnglo-Saxon England (2001).

Dr. Howe believes that the success of his students, as theymake lives and careers for themselves, is the most importantindicator of his own academic accomplishments. He speakswith great pride of the progress that CMRS has made over thelast few years. “The College of Humanities and the College ofthe Arts now have extremely strong faculty in medieval andrenaissance studies. I think we now have the finest faculty inthese periods of any university in North America!”

Nicholas HoweDirector, CMRS

Per Ambrosiani, associate professor of Slavic Languagesat Stockholm University, Sweden, is our International Affili-ate in Scandinavia. He received his PhD from Stockholm Uni-versity and currently continues his long-standing research onverbal accentuation in Slavic Gospel manuscripts, investigat-ing methods for dating and determining the place of origin ofSlavic manuscripts. Dr. Ambrosiani is also working on a re-search project concerning Russian onomastics, based on 17th-century northwest Russian village name materials located inthe Swedish National Archives.

Dr. Ambrosiani appreciates the role of the RCMSS in pro-moting Slavic studies: “My acquaintance with the HRL mate-rials has helped to broaden my experience of Slavic manu-scripts. I have worked with quite a few original manuscripts inother places (mainly Moscow), buteasy access and a broad represen-tation of materials have made theHRL an indispensable place to docertain survey investigations.” Heis eager to introduce Scandinavianresearchers to the HRL. In his view,such networking activities are veryimportant. “Being close to theSlavic countries, we sometimestend to forget that important cen-ters for Slavic studies, includingthose with important repositories ofsource materials, are also locatedin other parts of the world!”

As RCMSS International Affili-ate, Dr. Ambrosiani keeps up with his Scandinavian colleagues’scholarly work. In June 2001, Lea Siilin successfully defendedher doctoral dissertation on orthographical norms (using textsof the Life of Alexander of Svir) at Joensuu University, Fin-land. Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath is finishing his disserta-tion work on medieval anti-Judaism at Lund University, Swe-den. Lars Steensland (Lund) continues his work on differenttypes of Tolkovye azbuki. Forthcoming is the first part of thedescriptive catalog of the Novgorod occupation archives ed-ited by Elisabeth Löfstrand (Stockholm University) and LailaNordquist (Uppsala University, Sweden). In January 2002 theEstonian Institute for Slavistics (Eesti Slavistika Instituut) wasfounded, under the directorship of Svetlana Ragrina. One ofits goals is to promote research on collections of Slavic manu-scripts in the Baltic and Nordic countries. A Baltic/Nordic/Russian group of scholars, including Lars Steensland and Dr.Ambrosiani, have agreed to serve on the Institute’s Interna-tional Committee.

Per AmbrosianiInternational Affiliate,

Scandinavia

May 2002Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage4

HRL JournalIn this feature, Cyrillic Manuscript

Heritage asks researchers who haveused the Hilandar Research Library inthe past year, either in person or by mail,to describe their experiences and work.Scholars who wish to contribute itemsmay send them to the HRL.

By Mariana Dimitrova

As an assistant professor at EasternKentucky University, I have the goodfortune to be within driving distance ofThe Ohio State University and the Hilan-dar Research Library. Over the past twosemesters, I have visited the HRL/RCMSS five times to research my on-going projects. I received my degree inhistory from Yale in 1999 where I workedon the pious, spiritual, and social inter-actions of the Solovki Monastery fromits founding in the early 15th century to1645. My work focuses specifically on

MUSICALRENDERINGS IN

LITURGICALMANUSCRIPTS

By Jennifer Spock

monastic spiritual life and more gener-ally on the society of Russia’s northernregions as they came under the influenceof Orthodoxy. The two are closely linked,and the libraries and archives of Russia’spre-Petrine monasteries have a wealth ofreligious, pious, spiritual, economic, and

social information regarding Russia’shinterlands. This year my work at HRLhas focused on two paper presentationsthat will fill perceived gaps in my previ-ous work and will contribute to an ar-ticle and my book manuscript. The pa-per that I presented in November atAAASS dealt with the problem of au-thority in the monasteries. A paper, whichI recently gave at a workshop sponsoredby Harvard University’s Davis Center,focused more specifically on the inter-action between the economic and litur-gical/pious documents regarding infor-mation on Russian Orthodoxy, both in-stitutional and experiential, and Russia’sunderstudied northern society andeconomy.

Much of my previous work entailedculling through the economic documentsof Solovki where there are rich sourcesregarding donations to the cloister. Thesein turn shed light on the preferences thatnorthern Orthodox believers had regard-ing their saints, methods for resolvingproblems, and the interaction between themonks and surrounding families of trad-ers, fishermen, and peasants (the threecategories often coincided). Since receiv-ing my degree I have expanded my re-search beyond Solovki to provide morecontext for northern pious activity andnorthern Russian society.

The liturgical and pious manuscriptsof monasteries are, of course, one of themajor resources for the history of pietyand spirituality, and for the purpose ofexpanding my research beyond the

continued on page 5

When planning my week-long visit tothe Hilandar Research Library, I decidedto focus on liturgical manuscripts, which,as a rule, do not contain musically arrangedtexts, but still do present valuable evidenceof music rendering. For instance, one canalways rely on the Menaia, Triodia, andPentecostaria when studying thedistribution of the eight modes amongdifferent genres of chant. Furthermore,some sources include the primitive thetanotation–a theta sign (‹) that appearseither alone or accompanied by a few otherneumes at the closing phrases of certainhymns. There are also some scatteredexamples of fully notated texts–usuallystichera, as in the famous DraganovMenaion, where unique combinations ofsigns pose challenges to musicologicalresearch. In my own work I have comeacross yet another primitive notation usedto mark the units of the troparia in a givencanon. Considering the richness of theHRL’s microform collections, I was hopingthat in one short week I would still be ableto advance my study on the notated chantsfound in liturgical manuscripts.

Viewing microfilms turned out to beonly part of my experience at theHilandar Research Library. I benefitedgreatly from the discussions I had withM. A. Johnson on the topic of the OldTestament Lectionaries; I learned fromPredrag Matejic about an incredibleinvention that allows us to clearly seewatermarks in paper without holding upthe manuscript to light; I met the VeryRev. Dr. Mateja Matejic, founder of theoriginal Hilandar Research Project, andattended a Liturgy led by him. The time Ispent in front of the microfilm reader wasvery rewarding too. I was fortunate tocome upon a 13th-century GreekMenaion from the Hilandar MonasteryByzantine collection (HM.BMS.1), inwhich I counted 35 stichera notatedthroughout with Middle Byzantinenotation. This manuscript was brieflydescribed by A. Jakovljeviƒ, but does notappear to have ever been studied as amusical source. I am very grateful to myhosts at the HRL/RCMSS for the xeroxcopy of this Menaion, as well as for thecopies from other manuscripts in whichI found sporadic theta signs. I amespecially obliged to the HRL/RCMSSstaff for their expert assistancewonderfully combined with hospitalityand warmth.

ECONOMIC ANDLITURGICAL

INTERACTION INNORTHERN

RUSSIA

5Cyrillic Manuscript HeritageMay 2002

Solovki Monastery, the collections atHRL comprise one of the finest reposi-tories in the United States. I have beensearching through the primary sourcesthat HRL has on microfilm for lives andmiracles of major northern saints suchas Varlaam Khutinskii, Andrei Siiskii andAlexander Svirskii. The recent collec-tions that HRL has received from GIM,MGU, and Saratov, have hundreds of mis-cellanies (sborniki) from the pre-Petrineera. I have been delving into miscella-nies in search of lives, miracles, and mo-nastic instructions, which are frequentlytranslated as “rules” (ustavy). Thesemanuscripts have helped context-ualizemy work.

The word ustav can have many trans-lations. It may designate a typikon, theinstructions for church services. A mon-astery might have a number of differenttypika with minor differences in the cel-ebration of services. An ustav may des-ignate instructions for proper daily liv-ing such as meals, clothing, and labor.Again, a single monastery might havemore than one such ustav within its li-brary, each received as a gift, copied,bought, or even uniquely created for thatcloister, within just a few years of oneanother. An ustav could be an amalgamof these two types of directions. It mightalso indicate a “cell rule” that gave monksinstructions for customary prayers to besaid at regular times of the day or week.An ustav or pravila (“laws”) might alsogive instructions to monks for appropri-ate prayers to be made in the case of un-planned occurrences: various types oftemptation or reasons for praise andthanksgiving. Saints’ lives were used asa type of instruction to which an author-ity figure could turn for the proper reso-lution of problems. The sborniki that Ihave studied at HRL show the variety ofinstructional material available to monksand their leaders for proper pious devo-tion and daily behavior.

What has come to light from my re-cent research at HRL along with my ear-lier work is the verification that a mo-nastic community did not rely on specificdocuments for guidance, but ratherlooked to a broad base of varying docu-ments for appropriate patterns of life andworship, and appropriate responses toproblems or events. Authority resided in

many writings, but more importantly, au-thority resided in the interpretation andadaptation of portions of written work byabbots or spiritual fathers. Appropriatehuman authority could select from a vastcollection of accepted written works toprovide a fluid orthodox framework forleadership role modeling.

My work now aims to examine theinstructional documents available in agiven period at a few chosen monasticcommunities, and to try to assess the mostlikely patterns of life, concerns, prob-lems, and triumphs based on the inter-pretation of authority at each cloister. Myhope is that such a project will give forthe first time a window into the life that a“typical” monk in Russia might have ledin the 16th or 17th century—a monk froma non-elite family of moderate meanswho had retired to a cloister but contin-ued to be active in labor and the world.

HRL Journal, continued

continued on page 8

TRACING THESLAVIC

SYNTAGMA OFBLASTARESBy Victor Alexandrov

Last academic year, due to a grant thatI received from the Central EuropeanUniversity (Budapest), I was able to con-duct six months of research at the HRL.I was interested in manuscripts on mi-crofilm of the Slavic translation of Mat-thew Blastares’ Syntagma and in the richcollection of secondary literature held bythe HRL and OSU Libraries.

The Syntagma kata stoicheion (“Al-phabetical collection of canons”) is aByzantine canon and civil law code com-pleted in 1335 by the hieromonk Mat-thew Blastares, a canonist and hymno-grapher from Thessalonica. Several yearslater it was translated into Slavic. TheSyntagma enjoyed immense popularityin the later years of Byzantium and inpost-Byzantine Greece, serving as a ba-sic canon law collection until the arrivalof the Pedalion of St. Nicodemus theHagiorite. Equally, the translation of theSyntagma was widespread among theOrthodox Slavs in the late Middle Ages.In Russia, the Old Believers copied this

code even as late as the early twentiethcentury. In Serbia, the shortened versionof this nomocanon circulated as a partof Stefan Dušan’s legislation.

While at the HRL, I planned to ex-amine all available copies of the Syn-tagma, and also had the idea to trace thediffusion of Blastares’ code in the linguis-tic area of Church Slavonic (that is to say,among the Orthodox Slavs and Roma-

nians). In order to trace the circulationof the Syntagma, I browsed through allthe catalogues in the HRL and OSUL,and managed to complete significantlymy list of Syntagma manuscripts, bring-ing it to almost seventy items. Back inBudapest, it was easy to sum up the datacollected at the HRL and to write a chap-ter of my dissertation. As I sorted throughthe information that I gathered in Colum-bus, a clear picture of the diffusion ofthe complete Syntagma emerged, and itsmovement from southern Serbia andMacedonia, through Bulgaria and theRomanian principalities, to Ruthenia andRussia, revealed itself.

With regards to the manuscript cop-ies of Blastares’ code, it was a pleasantsurprise to realise that, due to rapid ex-pansion of the HRL, it possessed moremicrofilms of the complete Syntagmathan I expected to find. It also turned outthat the five manuscripts found in theHRL represent all the basic stages in thetransmission of the complete Syntagmain the northern parts of the Byzantinecommonwealth.

The Serbian codex HM.SMS.299 be-longs to the group of the five oldest cop-ies of the Slavic Syntagma, dating to the

Hilandar Slavic Ms. #299, f. 1r

May 2002Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage6

Bishop Ware in the Hilandar Research Library

William “Brit” Kirwan, Bishop Ware and Alex Machaskee

Faculty Club Reception Honoring Bishop Ware Dr. John Koutras, Dr. Manuel Tzagournis, Bishop Ware, Peter Patitsas,Adam Tzagournis, Madeline Tzagournis and Fr. Alexander Papagikos

Frs. Alexander Rentel, Daniel Byantoro, Anthony Sarris, Bishop Ware,Frs. Alexander Papagikos, Gordon Walker and Daniel Rentel

Photo Gallery Visitwith Kallistos Ware,Bishop of Diokleia

Dr. Nick Schooley, Steven Kozobarich, Jeri Kozobarich, andRay Suput spend a few minutes chatting with Bishop Ware

Photos by Nathan Robinson

Predrag Matejic welcomes Bishop Ware and guestsduring dinner at the Faculty Club

May 2002 Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage 7

Susan Walton introducesson David

Bishop Ware meets with Nick Alexander, Tom Chase,Sharon Black, Josie Chase and Peter Patitsas

Fatmir Cici listens intentlyto Bishop Ware

Aleksandra Budisavljevic receives the Bishop’s blessingwhile her sister, Marija Young, looks on

Alex Machaskee, Sophie and Kosta Papich

Mrs. Gordon Walker, Mrs. Anthony Sarris, David Robinsonand Leon Twarog visit during reception

Kathy Johnson and Pauline Dickey speak with Bishop Ware

Melinda Nelson introducesBishop Ware

Bishop Ware presenting hislecture

Audience in Independence Hall

8 Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage May 2002

HRL Journal, continued from page 5

Editor’s Note: Since Mr. Alexandrov’s visit,the HRL has acquired yet another Syntagma onmicrofiche - purchased from Norman Ross Pub-lishing, Inc.: MGU Permsko-Udmurtskaia Ms.812 from the end of the 18th century.

Two other Saratov manuscripts have scribalcolophons linking them to “Beserikan” mon-astery: SGU.12, a 16th-century Tetra-evangelion, and SGU.23, a 17th-centuryPsalter with commentary.

My research visit of one month fo-cused on two types of texts: 1) commen-taries of the Song of Songs, especially, a17th-century East Slavic cursive manu-script (Saratov SGU.1003) containingthe textological version found in theGennadian Bible with commentaries byPhilo, Hippolytus of Rome, and Gregoryof Nyssa; and 2) on pre- (and post-) bap-tismal rites for the newborn, mother, andmidwife in medieval South Slavic cod-ices. Since most of the extant South SlavicTrebniks are of relatively late date (15th-17th centuries), a thorough study of ev-ery new source is of particular importancefor the study of the inventory and distri-bution of pre-baptismal prayers and theirtextual variants. By comparing manu-scripts and early printed Trebniks in theHRL, I was able to find links not only,as expected, between East Slavic printedTrebniks and Bulgarian manuscripts ofthe 18th-19th centuries, but also betweencodices of Cyprian’s Trebnik, old printedEast Slavic Trebniks, and Bulgarian 17th-century manuscripts.

The earliest preserved Slavic Trebnik,the Glagolitic Euchologium Sinaiticum,does not have prayers for midwives, new-borns and mothers after birth. The pre-baptismal rites are richer in 17th-centurySouth Slavic Eucholo-gia, but what isimportant is the earlier, underlying tra-dition. My study of Hilandar Trebniksof Resava orthography, #167-#169, alldating to the 15th century, showed the pe-culiarities of arrangement and textual ver-sions of the pre-baptismal prayers belong-ing to the underlying tradition of JakovTrajkov’s 16th-century Trebnik printedin Venice. Moreover, the most recent,#169, contains two prayers for a midwifethat occur frequently in 17th-centurySouth Slavic Trebniks. The first is actu-ally a version of the prayer for “thosewho swear too boldly.” The archetypeof this prayer is present in theEuchologium Sinaiticum, but later func-tioned in two different versions undertwo different titles in two different cycles.

Its text as a prayer for a midwife in 15th-17th-century South Slavic Trebniks iscloser to the archetype than to the ver-sion that keeps the original function ofthe prayer êëüíøó ñå äðüçîñòè©

íàïðàñíî. Still, the text for a midwifeshows several errors, perhaps a misread-ing, which appear in various Trebniks, in-cluding some from the 15th century. Ap-parently, this was a version that was es-tablished before the 15th century and wasnot seriously revised later.

Some of the 17th-century Trebniks Iexamined have as a common feature theprayer Âëàäûêî ãƒè èƒñ õƒå ñëîâî áîæèå (usu-ally with the original prayer for christen-ing and troparia and kondakion to the

Theotokos) as a prayer for the mother onthe third day after childbirth. It is presentin the Bulgarian National LibraryTrebniks #972, of Daskal Filip of Adzhar,and #619 (beginning of the 18th century)and in two 17th-century Hilandar Trebniks- #170, dated 1656 with script and illu-mination resembling manuscripts origi-nating from the Bulgarian Adzhar cen-ter, and #629, a 17th-century philadawhose script is similar to that of #170and includes in a doxology: SS. Stefanof Decani, John of Rila, Petka (Paras-keve); Isaias of Meglen, King Milutin,and Ioachim of Sarandapor.

The text constantly appears as a prayerfor women who were present at childbirthin Trebnik codices connected with thework of Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kievand of All Russia, and also in some earlyprinted East Slavic Trebniks (cf. Trebnikof Gideon Balaban, 1606). In the HRL, Ihad the opportunity to consult two suchcodices that have not yet been thoroughlyexamined and to compare them with what

continued on page 11

PRAYERS FORNEWBORNS,

MOTHERS ANDMIDWIVES

By Margaret Dimitrova

last two or three decades of the four-teenth century. The history of BAN(Sofia) manuscript #70, written inResava orthography during the middleof the fifteenth century, is connected withthe Ohrid Archbishopric, where it wasfound as early as circa 1550.

The Saratov State University codexSGU.208, a Moldavian copy from 1611,illustrates how manuscripts disappearfrom the horizon of scholarship and thenemerge again. This manuscript, commis-sioned by the Metropolitan AnastasieCrimca (or Krimkovich) of Suchava forthe monastic skete known as Beserikan(according to the colophon), appearedat an exhibition at the beginning of thetwentieth century in Moscow. It was no-ticed by several Romanian scholars.However, traces of this codex were lost,and in 1986 Radu Constantinescu, in-cluding it in his summary of Romanianmanuscripts housed outside of Romania,failed to establish the precise locationof this codex. All this time it was in thecollection of P. M. Mal’tsev, an Old Be-liever merchant, which became part ofthe Saratov State University library in1921-22.

The last two manuscripts of theSyntagma available in the HRL, St. Pe-tersburg State University E-IV-48 andSGU.209, both dating to the 1760s, rep-resent the Russian stage of the life of thislaw code. Again, the manuscript fromSaratov deserves a special note, as itcontains a drawing depicting Blastaresas a saint. It is the only image known inCyrillic manuscripts of this canonist.(Only one depiction of Blastares is at-tested in Greek manuscripts thus far.)

It was a pleasure to work in the HRLand I will be profiting from the numer-ous materials found in Columbus formany years to come.

May 2002 Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage 9

Tribute toStefan

Kozhukharov

From the 8th to the 10th of Novem-ber 2001 the Institute of Literature of theBulgarian Academy of Sciences orga-nized the traditional, and ninth in turn,“Interdisciplinary Colloquium on OldBulgarian Literature and Culture.” Formany years now it has been popularlyknown as the “PetÍr Dinekov” series.This year, the Colloquium was dedicatedto the memory of the series’ founder andfirst organizer, Stefan Kozhukharov.Thus, the names of two eminent represen-tatives of Bulgarian Medieval Studies be-came the focus of more than 45 reportsin almost all scholarly fields of researchof the Slavonic Middle Ages, includinghistory, literature, musicology, art, lin-guistics.

The Colloquium was opened by Ani-sava Miltenova, who spoke of Stefan Ko-zhukharov’s major contributions to scho-larship. Other memories were recalledand positive words spoken of this greatscholar, respected both professionallyand personally, by a number of his col-leagues, among whom were D. Kosev,deputy-president of the Bulgarian Acad-emy of Sciences; I. Zelev, Dean of theTheological Faculty of the University ofSofia; as well as members of his family.

Kozhukharov’s presence was alsoperceptible in the scholarly agenda of theColloquium, which included, in particu-lar, many valuable contributions to thefield to which Stefan Kozhukharov haddevoted so much of his life – Slavichymnography. Stefan will be missed by

transportation to and from the Belgradeairport, and sight-seeing excursions.

Initial discussions for the 5th Interna-tional Hilandar Conference began latelast year with correspondence betweenDr. Miroljub Jokovi‹ (representing the“Gradac” Cultural Center of Raška, Ser-bia) and the V. Rev. Dr. Mateja Matejic.Milutin Kre‹kovi‹, former director, andMilojko Milicevi‹, the current director ofthe Raška Cultural Center soon joinedthese discussions.

Dr. Jokovi‹’s detailed proposal in-cluded several important advantages tothis location, such as a reasonable bud-getary outline, housing accommodations,sightseeing excursions, conference trans-lators and the probable publication of theconference proceedings.

Father Matejic presented this pro-posal to Ohio State’s RCMSS AdvisoryBoard in early January 2002. It wasquickly agreed that the location was idealand should permit a larger number of Eu-ropean scholars to participate. There wasalso logic to this because the 4th Inter-national Hilandar Conference was heldin the United States. Finally, the fact thatRaška was in a modern yet scenic andhistorical region of Serbia was a strongreason for selecting this area.

A Call for Papers was issued in earlyMarch 2002 with a May 1st deadline forreceipt of abstracts. The Call for Papersgenerated great interest. Abstracts onsubjects as varied as monastic culture,literature, history, art history, linguistics,hagiography, music, iconography, phi-losophy, and architecture have been re-ceived for consideration. The conference

Raška, continued from page 1

Gradac Monastery, 13th century

organizers expect that approximatelyfifty scholars will give presentations.Conference sessions will be open to thepublic and all interested are invited toattend. Thus, Hilandar will once againbring together people from throughout theworld to discuss and better understand itsimportant and continuing cultural legacy.

By Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostovaand DimitÍÍÍÍÍr Peev Dimitrov

hear the lecture through Orthodoxtv.com,where it will be available on the internet.

The festivities began with a small din-ner in His Grace’s honor. Also attendingwere a number of invited guests, includ-ing Kosta and Sophie Papich, AlexMachaskee, president and chairman ofthe Cleveland Plain Dealer, Joe De-Angelo, director of transportation ser-vices for the Plain Dealer, and the V. Rev.Dr. Mateja Matejic. Brit Kirwan, Presi-dent of The Ohio State University, gra-ciously joined the guests for a time, wel-coming His Grace and speaking highlyof the dedicated efforts of those who hadmade the Hilandar Research Library notonly a reality, but also a world-renownedresource for medieval Slavic scholars.

Before the lecture, the Resource Cen-ter for Medieval Slavic Studies hosted areception in the Grand Lounge of theFaculty Club, where numerous guests hadan opportunity to meet and spend sometime with Bishop Kallistos. Earlier, HisGrace spent several hours in the Hilan-dar Research Library, acquainting him-self with its history, mission, and goals.

The next day, His Grace attended theLiturgy of Presanctified Gifts at “TheAnnunciation” Greek Orthodox Cathe-dral and also spoke on the topic TheEastern Orthodox Church and the Eco-logical Question, which will also bemade available through Orthodoxtv. com.

all who knew him, but his legacy andcontributions will continue to inspirepresent and future scholars of Slavichymnography.

Bishop Ware, continued from page 1

Bishop Ware preparing for lecture photo by Nathan Robinson

May 2002Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage 10

Francis J. ThomsonAntwerp, Belgium

Lara SelsGhent, Belgium

Marija TihovaPreslav Literary School

Shumen, Bulgaria

Adelina Angusheva-TihanovaDimitÍÍÍÍÍr Peev DimitrovMargaret DimitrovaAksiniia DzhurovaTania D. Ivanova

Mariyana Tsibranska-KostovaElena Kotseva

Trendafil KrÍÍÍÍÍstanovAnisava Miltenova

Blagoi ShklifovTatiana Slavova

Lora TasevaKhristo Temelski

Ilija VelevMarija Yovcheva

GIFTS IN KINDWe would also like to thank the research-

ers, visitors to the HRL, our RCMSS affili-ates, and others who have donated importantscholarly materials on topics in medievalSlavic studies to the HRL since our last news-letter:

BAN Institute of LanguagesKliment Ohridski University

of SofiaSofia, Bulgaria

Catherine Mary MacRobertOxford, England

Natalja NetsunaevaSvetlana RagrinaTallinn, Estonia

Draginja Simi‹‹‹‹‹ -LazarParis, France

Sergejus TemcinasVilnius, Lithuania

Igor KaliganovAleksei PentkovskiiIrina V. Pozdeeva

Engelina S. SmirnovaA. A. Turilov

Moscow, Russia

Slobodan Mileusni‹‹‹‹‹Beograd, Serbia

Jasmina Grkovi‹‹‹‹‹-MajorMatice Srpska

Novi Sad, Serbia

Juan Antonio Álvarez-PedrosaMadrid, Spain

Savva KaluginHomer, Alaska

Valerian JerdesCupertino, California

William C. BrumfieldNew Orleans, Louisiana

Horace G. LuntCambridge, Massachusetts

Nicolas SchidlovskyNew York, New York

Alex MachaskeeCleveland, Ohio

Charles E. GribblePredrag Matejic

Matthew RomanielloKristina TolandColumbus, Ohio

Kosta and Sophie PapichBarberton, Ohio

Tatiana Nikolova-HoustonHouston, Texas

Mariana DimitrovaSpokane, Washington

RECENTBIBLIOGRAPHY

In volumes 3 and 7 of CMH we publishedselected bibliographies of theses, disserta-tions, books and articles made possible and/or enhanced by the primary and secondarysource materials, especially manuscripts onmicroform, of the HRL or through the sup-port of the RCMSS. Below are some publi-cations issued since May 2000.

DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS

Jeon, Dongsoo. 2002. Use of DualForms: Scribal Practices in a Morpho-syntactic Actualization (Patterns in Se-lected Old Russian Gospel Manuscripts,14th Through 17th Centuries). The OhioState University.

*Reeves-Ellington, Barbara. 2002.“That Our Daughters May Be As CornerStones”: American Missionaries, Bulgar-ian Nationalists, and the Politics of Gen-der, 1832-1872. State University of NewYork, Binghamton.

Yoo, Syeng-Mann. 2001. A Corpus-Linguistic Analysis of Fifteenth- and Six-teenth-Century Rjazanian Legal Docu-ments. The Ohio State University.

*Please note that Dr. Reeves-Ellington madeuse of the set of Clarke and Haskell Bulgar-ian missionary archives housed in the HRL.

ARTICLES AND REVIEWS

Dimitrova, Margaret. 2000. “StaribÍlgarski retsepti za vsiaka potreba.”Mekhanizatsiia na zemedelieto 9-10:23.

Grkovi‹‹‹‹‹-Major, Jasmina. 2001.“Slovo o Aleksandru Trojanskom u Veleš-kom zborniku.” Zbornik Matice srpskeza filologiju i lingvistiku XLIII:143-147.

Pereswetoff-Morath, Alexander.2001. “‘And Was Jerusalem BuildedHere...?’ On the Textual History of the Sla-vonic Jerusalem Disputation.” Scando-Slavica 47:19-38.

Rock, Stella. 2001. “What’s in aWord?: A Historical Study of the Con-cept Dvoeverie.” Canadian-American

Slavic Studies 35(1):19-28.Romaniello, Matthew P. 2000.

“Controlling the Frontier: Monasteriesand Infrastructure in the Volga Region,1552-1682.” Central Asian Survey 19 (3/4):429-443.

Sels, Lara. 2001. “La traduction sla-vonne du De Hominis Opificio de Gré-goire de Nysse. Édition du prooemiumet étude de la technique de traduction.”Slavica Gandensia 28:145-177.

Taseva, Lora, and Maria Yovcheva.2001. “The First Comprehensive Editionof a Slavonic Prophetologion Manuscript.”Orientalia Christiana Periodica 67(2):447-454.

Temchin, Sergei Iur’evich. 2000. “Oproiskhozhdenii anomal’noi numera-tsiichtenii posle Piatidesiatnitsy v serbskompolnoaprakosnom evangelii No. 8Khilandarskogo monastyria.” SlavisticaVilnensis/Kalbotyra 49(2):37-50.

MONOGRAPHSLunde, Ingunn. 2001. Verbal Cele-

brations: Kirill of Turov’s HomileticRhetoric and its Byzantine Sources.Slavistische Veröffentlichungen 86.

May 2002 Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage 11

RECENTCONTRIBUTORSTO HILANDAR

FUNDWe would like to take this opportunity

to acknowledge and thank the following in-dividuals for their generous support:

Virginia BrownToronto, Canada

Frederick and Milica BrustColumbus, Ohio

Mihailo and Biljana BudjevacAlexandria, Virginia

Miodrag and Mirjana DragichFort Myers, Florida

Dongsoo and Kyunghee Li JeonMcLean, Virginia

Janice Zunich KaticSchererville, Indiana

Ann KleimolaLincoln, Nebraska

David Edward KosPickerington, Ohio

Zoran and Annette MilkovichTeaneck, New Jersey

Matching Gift:The Chase Manhattan Foundation

George and Geraldine OstichBarberton, Ohio

Milenko and Mitzy RadojevichWoodhaven, Michigan

Charles and Cynthia SnellMelbourne, Florida

In Honor of the 50th anniversary of the ordination of V. Rev. Dr. Mateja Matejic

Ray and Milana SuputColumbus, Ohio

Mildred TerzicWestmont, Illinois

Matching Gift:David L. Babson & Company

Contributions support the HRL/RCMSSin its efforts to promote medieval Slavic stud-ies. All gifts are tax deductible to the extentthe law allows. Checks should be made pay-able to The Ohio State University - indicateHRL/RCMSS in the memo section.

Bogdan and Marie TopolskiMonroe, Michigan

Syeng-Mann YooOunje Choo

Kyungki-Do, KoreaSlavophilia.com

Mitchell and Violet ZunichAmherst, Ohio

HRL Journal, continued from page 8

is preserved of the pre-baptismal ritesin Vatican Borg.Illir.15. These two manu-scripts turned out to be of great signifi-cance for my investigation: SGU.1292,a 16th-century East Slavic Trebnik, thecolophon of which informs us that thisbook is a result of the work of Metro-politan Cyprian; and BMZP. 34B, a 16th-century Trebnik, found in the BibliotekaMuzeum Narodowego Ziemi Przemyskiejof Poland. At the end of the Pravilomolebno to the Theotokos, there is anote that the manuscript was copied(s”pisano) from Greek books by Met-ropolitan Cyprian; there are traces of aMiddle Bulgarian protograph in its EastSlavic orthography. The prayer is closeto the text in Hilandar #629 and #170. Interms of baptismal texts, Borg.Illir.15is richer, but the Vatican codex has manymore East Slavic language elements thanthe manuscript in Poland.

This prayer also frequently appearsin 17th-century East Slavic Trebniks as aprayer for those women who attended a

childbirth, for example, in SlavicusGranatensis, a 17th-century East Slavicconvolute kept in Spain (see CMH #8,pp. 5, 10). In two parts written by dif-ferent hands, this manuscript has a richcollection of prayers for mothers andnewborns. What is remarkable is theircombination with several prayers forpollution, a fact that confirms that thetwo cycles had similar semantics forthe scribes and explains once againwhy some prayers for a polluted ves-sel were used for a mother after child-birth.

Thus, an advantage of working inthe HRL is the possibility to examineevery manuscript as a whole entity,considering the particular texts incontext. This approach secures the ex-traction of much more and sometimesunexpected information. For ex-ample, while I was looking for pre-baptismal prayers in Hilandar #167(15th century), I encountered a cycleof five St. Tryphon prayers againstfield pests. Moreover, the rite beginswith the service to St. Tryphon andhas as the sixth and last prayer, St.Paul’s prayer against snake-biting fol-lowed by a snake charm consistingof words unintelligible to Slavic andGreek speakers. St. Paul’s prayer wasincluded in this rite because, first, insome of St. Tryphon’s prayers, scor-pions and snakes are mentionedamong dangerous animals, and, sec-ond, the episode of St. Paul with thesnake from the Acts of Apostles ismentioned not only in St. Paul’sprayer but also in the first prayer ofSt. Tryphon. Finally, it should beadded that after the text of the rite, isdrawn a small ornamental snake.

Further, while working with the pre-baptismal prayers in the Trebnik con-volute, Hilandar #172, I found two im-portant marginal notes dating to the 18th

century. The first of them, at the end ofthe baptismal rites, before the prayersfor the 40th day, is rare for Trebniks: itsays that according to the old custom,the priest should be presented with agift of two doves or other small birds,ïîïó äàðü äâà ïòåíöà ãîëóáèíà èëè

äâà ãðúëè÷èùà òàêî å

ñ

äðåâíàãî… Thisis a quotation from Luke 2:24. The noteafter the rite for the 40th day followingchildbirth gives the name of the scribe- Priest Stojan.

† In Memoriam:

Esther N. Clarke

Michael Kvocka

Hilandar Research LibraryResource Center for Medieval Slavic StudiesThe Ohio State University225 Main Library1858 Neil Avenue MallColumbus, OH 43210-1286

32201-011000-61801

Serbian cilim (circa 1880s). Gift of Harold M. Keshishian, Trustee Emeritus of the Textile Museum andmember of family oriental rug firm of Mark Keshishian & Sons, Inc., Washington, D.C., on behalf of theKeshishian family www.orientalcarpets.net. Mr. Keshishian, a friend of Washington D.C.’s Serbian commu-nity through his association with Louis Guy Michael, noted that his first lessons in the history and art ofSerbian cilims came from Constantin Fotitch, a long-time family friend. (See CMH #8, page 2.)

Our thanks to Gayle Strege, Curator of the OSU Historic Costume and Textiles Collection, and her staff forpreparing the rug for permanent exhibit in the HRL.

Ñàìî Ñëîãà Ñðáèíà Ñïàñàâà!/“Only Unity Will Save the Serbs!”