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INDUS VALLEY

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INDUS VALLEY

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INDUS VALLEY

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Mohenjo-Daro

Harappa

INDO-EUROPEAN INVASION

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INDO-EUROPEAN INVASION

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VEDIC CIVILIZATION

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VEDIC CIVILIZATION

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Vedas Upanishads

Bhagavad Gita Puranas

DRAVIDIAN CIVILIZATION

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DRAVIDIAN CIVILIZATION

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HINDUISM

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HINDUISMPantheon

Krishna

GaneshRama & Sita Hanuman Saraswati

Brahma

creator

Vishnu

preserver

prosperityservice wisdom

Shiva

destroyer

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HINDUISMPantheon

Shiva

Shivalingam

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HINDUISMPantheon

Shiva

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HINDUISMKarma

X

reincarnation

JewsChristians

Muslims

samsara

Universal law ofcause and effect

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HINDUISMCaste system

Dalit

Brahmin

Oneness with the universe

Release from samsara

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HINDUISMCaste system

Brahmin

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HINDUISMCaste system

Dalit

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HINDUISMLandscape features

TemplesMeenakshi Sundareswarar Temple complex, Madurai, Tamil-Nadu

Shiva

Parvati

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HINDUISMLandscape features

Sacred cows

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HINDUISMLandscape features

Sacred cows

Haridwar

HINDUISMHoly places

Haridwar

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HINDUISMHoly places

Haridwar

Allahabad

HINDUISMHoly places

Allahabad

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D. Hardin

HINDUISMHoly places

AllahabadMaha Kumbh Mela Festival10:30 am, January 23, 2001

Every 144 years

30 million peoplebathed that day!

Varanasi

HINDUISMHoly places

Varanasi

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D. Hardin

HINDUISMHoly places

Varanasi

WARNING:DISTURBING

IMAGES AHEAD

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HINDUISMHoly places

Varanasi

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HINDUISMHoly places

Varanasi

In India about 3,000 whole bodies and 1,800 tons of partially burnt cremation remains are thrown into the Ganges River every year. . . .

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HINDUISMHoly places

Varanasi

. . . so the government raised 28,820 turtles whose sole purpose was to consume the decomposing flesh. They took to their job with relish and grew to a large size.

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HINDUISMHoly places

Varanasi

Unfortunately, most of the turtles subsequently have been eaten by locals.

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BUDDHISMSiddhartha Gautama

(563-483 BCE)

BUDDHISMPhilosophy

(527 BCE)

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BUDDHISMPhilosophy

(527 BCE)

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BUDDHISMPhilosophy

Four Noble Truths1. Nothing in the physical world is permanent

2. Suffering arises as a result of cravings

3. Suffering ceases when cravings cease

4. Ending craving comes about by following the“Middle Way” or the “Noble Eightfold Path”

Noble Eightfold Path1. Right Understanding2. Right Thought3. Right Speech4. Right Action5. Right Livelihood6. Right Effort7. Right Mindfulness8. Right Concentration

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BUDDHISMDiffusion

Asoka

Pataliputra

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BUDDHISMDiffusion

X

X

XD. Hardin

BUDDHISMBranches

Lamaism

Zen

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Lumbini

Pataliputra

Bodh Gaya

SarnathKushinagar

BUDDHISMDecline in India

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BUDDHISMLandscape featuresImages of the Buddha

India China Japan

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Buddhas of Bamiyan

BUDDHISMLandscape features

Shrines

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BUDDHISMLandscape features

Shrines

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stupa

pagoda

India Sri Lanka Burma

China Japan

BUDDHISMLandscape features

Bodhi tree

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ZEN BUDDHISMLandscape features

Bodhi tree

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Japanese garden

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ZEN BUDDHISMLandscape features

Lumbini

BUDDHISMHoly Places

Lumbini

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BUDDHISMHoly Places

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Lumbini

Sarnath

BUDDHISMHoly Places

Sarnath

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BUDDHISMHoly Places

Sarnath

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BUDDHISMHoly PlacesKushinagar

Kushinagar

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BUDDHISMHoly PlacesKushinagar

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Bodh Gaya

BUDDHISMHoly PlacesBodh Gaya

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BUDDHISMHoly PlacesBodh Gaya

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SIKHISM

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SIKHISM

Kesh

Kanga

KaraKirpan

Kachera

Khanda

5 Ks

Three Pillars, Five Virtues,and Five Evils

decency,moral values,spirituality

community

meditation onWaheguru

Amritsar

SIKHISMHoly place

Amritsar

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SIKHISMHoly place

AmritsarGolden Temple

CHRISTIANITY

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Chennai(Madras)

CHRISTIANITYHoly Places

Chennai (Madras)

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CHRISTIANITYHoly Places

Chennai (Madras)St. Thomas (Santhome) Cathedral

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Haridwar

Lumbini

Pataliputra

Bodh Gaya

Sarnath

Varanasi

Allahabad

Amritsar

Kushinagar

New Delhi

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Chennai(Madras)