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Horizon 2020 - LC-SC3-RES-6-2018 Demonstrate significant cost reduction for Building Integrated PV (BIPV) solutions

Prefabrication, Recyclability and Modularity for Cost Reductions in Smart BIPV Systems

PVadapt

WP02 - Consolidation of PVadapt specifications

D2.1 – Report on end user requirements

Version 1


PVadapt GA n° 818342 Page 1 of 133


Document Information

Programme: Horizon 2020 - Demonstrate significant cost reduction for Building Integrated PV (BIPV) solutions

Project acronym: PVadapt

Grant Agreement Number: 818342

Number of the Deliverable: D2.1

WP/Task related: [WP2 / T2.1]

Due date: 31.12.2018

Delivery Date: 31.12.2018

Author(s): Evi Rontogianni (Merit), Nikolaos Kakardakos (Merit), Harris D. Vourkas (Merit), Giannis Skidaresis (Merit), Vasiliki Missa (Merit)

Editor: Evi Rontogianni (Merit)

Lead Beneficiary of Deliverable: Merit Consulting House sprl

Dissemination level: Public

Nature of the Deliverable: Report

Internal Reviewers:



VERSIONING (ONLY MAJOR VERSIONS)

VERSION DATE NAME, ORGANIZATION DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW VERSION

V01 17.12.2018 MERIT DRAFT VERSION

V02 21.12.2018 MERIT UPDATED DRAFT VERSION

V1 28.12.2018 MERIT FINAL VERSION

Remark: The versioning is only for the word documents in the formation phase and should be kept internally. Please delete the versioning before creating the final pdf that goes to the commission. It can be provided to the European Commission on request. Please document only major versions and such versions that indicate through the versioning, who (person and which partner) has contributed/was responsible for the different chapter, if this is feasible.

Explanations for Front page

Author(s): Name(s) of the person(s) having generated the Foreground respectively having written the content of the report/document. In case the report is a summary of Foreground generated by other individuals, the latter have to be indicated by name and partner whose employees he/she is. List them alphabetically.

Editor: Only one. As formal editorial name only one main author as responsible quality manager in case of written reports: Name the person and the name of the partner whose employee the Editor is. For the avoidance of doubt, editing only does not qualify for generating Foreground; however, an individual may be an Author – if he has generated the Foreground - as well as an Editor – if he also edits the report on its own Foreground.

Lead Beneficiary of Deliverable: Only one. Identifies name of the partner that is responsible for the Deliverable according to the PVadapt DOW. The lead beneficiary partner should be listed on the front page as Authors and Partner. If not, that would require an explanation.

Internal Reviewers: These should be a minimum of two persons. They should not belong to the authors. They should be any employees of the remaining partners of the consortium, not directly involved in that deliverable, but should be competent in reviewing the content of the deliverable. Typically, this review includes: Identifying typos, identifying syntax & other grammatical errors, altering content, Adding or deleting content.



PVadapt Key Facts

Project title Prefabrication, Recyclability and Modularity for cost reductions in Smart BIPV systems Starting date 01/10/2018 Duration in months 42 Call (part) identifier H2020-LC-SC3-2018-RES-SingleStage

Topic LC-SC3-RES-6-2018 Demonstrate significant cost reduction for Building Integrated PV (BIPV) solutions

Fixed EC Keywords RES integration in buildings

Free keywords Modular construction, Silicon photovoltaics, prefabrication, sustainable, circular by design, smart envelope, grid connectivity, lightweight, heat recovery

Consortium 18 organizations from 10 EU member states

Consortium Partners

Partner Acronym Country

1 Merit Consulting House SPRL MERIT BE

2 Brunel University London BUL UK

3 National Technical University of Athens NTUA GR

4 Tyndall National Institute TNI-UCC IE

5 Sintef AS SINTEF NO

6 Forschung Burgenland UASB AT

7 LKS Engineering LKS ES

8 Alchemia Nova GmbH ALCN AT

9 Flint Engineering LtD FLINT UK

10 Architect Reinberg GWR AT

11 Unismart Padova Enterprise SRL UNISMART IT

12 Cool Haven COOLH PT

13 EMTECH GMBH EMTECH DE

14 CORE Innovation CORE GR

15 CONKAT CONKAT GR

16 APOLLON SOLAR APOLLON SOLAR FR

17 EYDAP EYDAP GR

18 VVMM VVMM ES



Disclaimer: PVadapt is a project co-funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 - LC-SC3-RES-6-2018 - Demonstrate significant cost reduction for Building Integrated PV (BIPV) solutions under Grand Agreement Number 818342.

The information and views set out in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Communities. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use, which may be made of the information contained therein.

© Copyright in this document remains vested with the PVadapt Partners



Executive Summary

The term building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is associated with the photovoltaic modules that serve a double role in the building. Not only they generate electricity, but they constitute an integral part of the building by replacing conventional components envelope such as tiles or façade elements.

The PVadapt project attempts to develop a modular and prefabricated turn-key BIPV system that will be versatile and easy to adapt to the end users’ requirements. The BIPV system consists of two components, the structural/thermal and the HM/PV components, which are produced separately and then combined and joint together. The special nature of these PV highlights the flexibility of the system which is able to make use of recyclable/reusable materials (such as fiber reinforced geopolymers, bio waste based Oriented Strand Boards etc.), heat mat (HM) as a thermal absorber, to be equipped with smart performance monitoring system with sensors, to add aesthetic value and increase the overall cost efficiency.

The D2.1 “report on end-user requirements” consists of a questionnaire that is created by Merit and its purpose was to demonstrate the preferable features of the integrated module to further assist with the design of the BIPV system, tailored to the needs of the end-users’ demo sites. The questionnaire is devised in that way to include various aspects of the BIPV system and expands to 25 different categories covering the major features that end-user will consider in a solar panel system. Thus, key attributes such as the structural/thermal characteristics, the DHW, space heating/cooling, the overall aesthetics, the payback period of the installation investment, the environmental footprint and friendly profile, the smart energy performance systems and the legal framework are included in the questionnaire.

The end users of the PVadapt project are 5 companies with different working sectors, energy requirements and location region. These are the Conkat – Greece, EYDAP – Greece, VVMM – Spain, ALC – Austria and COOLH – Spain. Conkat completed the questionnaire for 3 gas stations, VVMM included 2 demo sites, 1 public (VVMM1) and 1 residential service (VVMM2) buildings and EYDAP considered a building which encompasses both offices and laboratory space. ALC end-user answered the questions for a demo site that includes offices, workshops and offers residential accommodation whereas COOLH provided feedback on its factory building.

For the data analysis, the answers of the end-users were collected and converted in a color coding matrix to further assist with data interpretation. To start with, the importance on the physical characteristics and the aesthetics does not follow any specific pattern among the demo site owners. Conkat and COOLH are very interested, whereas VVM2 and EYDAP are the least interested in these attributes. These two end-users consider instead the ease connection to the main electricity grid as a very important feature of the BIPV system. Furthermore, all participants are very interested in the sustainability of the panel structure, reflecting the environmentally friendly aspect of the system. Thus, integration of recycled/reused materials are rated highly. This gets clearer when combined with the fact that the cost of installation for the newly integrated PV system is also a very important factor to consider. Equally important is the ease of maintenance of the newly installed BIPV system as well as its efficiency rate; Similar importance to the maintenance ease was given on the software features of the system, with the smart energy system to collect and monitor consumption data to be of moderate



significance. The space heating/cooling feature was not that popular among the demo-site owners. Only COOLH ticked it as highly important, VVM2 and VVM1 differed and didn’t find it much important.

To conclude, the D2.1 report highlighted the fact that all end-users are environmental-friendly and they wish to adopt the solar solution to cover the energy requirements of their buildings. They are eager to modify the building envelope to make feasible the installation of the versatile BIPV system, aiming at a lower CO2 footprint and to comply with the relevant EU regulations such as the ‘Directive on the energy performance of building’.



Table of Contents

DOCUMENT INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................... 1

EXPLANATIONS FOR FRONT PAGE .............................................................................................................................. 2

PVADAPT KEY FACTS ............................................................................................................................................. 3

CONSORTIUM PARTNERS ........................................................................................................................................ 3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................ 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................. 7

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................... 9

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................... 10

ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 15

1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 16

2. CONCEPT AND DELIVERABLE OBJECTIVE(S) ........................................................................................................ 18

A) CONCEPT OF DELIVERABLE ............................................................................................................................. 18 B) PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................ 18

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PVADAPT BIPV SYSTEM .................................................................................................. 19

A) PVADAPT BIPV SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................... 19 B) MAIN PVADAPT ADVANTAGES COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL BIPV TECHNOLOGY STATE OF ART ................................ 23

4. QUESTIONNAIRE METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 24

A) QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................................................... 24 B) QUESTIONNAIRE DISSEMINATION .................................................................................................................... 24 C) QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN ............................................................................................................................... 24 D) SAMPLING STRATEGY .................................................................................................................................... 26 E) DATA ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................................... 26

5. RESPONSES TO THE QUESTIONNAIRE ............................................................................................................... 27

A. CONKAT .................................................................................................................................................. 28 B. VVMM (1) ................................................................................................................................................ 32 C. VVMM (2) ................................................................................................................................................ 38 D. EYDAP ..................................................................................................................................................... 44 E. ALCN ....................................................................................................................................................... 49 F. COOLH ..................................................................................................................................................... 55

6. END USER REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 60

7. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................ 65

APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRES ............................................................................................................................. 67



BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................. 133



List of Figures

Figure 1: the PVadapt BIPV system ........................................................................................ 19



List of Tables

Table 1:’’Identity’’ of Conkat – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of the

building (Conkat) ............................................................................................................. 28

Table 2: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (Conkat) ................................. 28

Table 3: Answers on the Physical/aesthetics characteristics (Conkat) .................................... 28

Table 4: Answers on Energy characteristics (Conkat).............................................................. 29

Table 5: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (Conkat) ........................................................ 29

Table 6: Answers on Ease of installation (Conkat).................................................................. 29

Table 7: Answers on Economy (Conkat)................................................................................... 29

Table 8: Answers on legal aspects (Conkat) ............................................................................ 29

Table 9: Answers on Sensors/controls (Conkat) ...................................................................... 30

Table 10: Answers on Building intervention (Conkat) ............................................................. 30

Table 11: Answer on DHW importance (Conkat) ..................................................................... 30

Table 12: Answer on SHC importance (Conkat) ....................................................................... 30

Table 13: Answer on aesthetics importance (Conkat) ............................................................. 30

Table 14: Answer on flexibility importance (Conkat) ............................................................... 30

Table 15: Answer on energy efficiency importance (Conkat) ................................................. 31

Table 16: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials (Conkat) .. 31

Table 17: Answer on aesthetics importance (Conkat) ............................................................. 31

Table 18: Answer on aesthetics importance over energy efficiency (Conkat) ......................... 31

Table 19: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (Conkat) ............................................ 31

Table 20: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (Conkat) .......................................... 31

Table 21:’’Identity’’ of VVMM1 – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of the

building ............................................................................................................................. 32

Table 22: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (VVMM1) ............................. 32

Table 23: Answers on the Physical / aesthetics characteristics (VVMM1) .............................. 32



Table 24: Answers on Energy characteristics (VVMM1) ......................................................... 33

Table 25: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (VVMM1) .................................................... 33

Table 26: Answers on ease of installation (VVMM1) .............................................................. 33

Table 27: Answers on Economy (VVMM1) ............................................................................... 33

Table 28: Answers on legal aspects (VVMM1) ......................................................................... 34

Table 29: Answers on Sensors/controls (VVMM1) ................................................................... 35

Table 30: Answers on Building intervention (VVMM1) ............................................................ 35

Table 31: Answer on DHW importance (VVMM1) ................................................................... 36

Table 32: Answer on SHC importance (VVMM1) ..................................................................... 36

Table 33: Answer on aesthetics importance (VVMM1) ........................................................... 36

Table 34: Answer on flexibility importance (VVMM1) ............................................................ 36

Table 35: Answer on energy efficiency importance (VVMM1) ................................................ 36

Table 36: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials (VVMM1). 36

Table 37: Answer on the aesthetics importance (VVMM1) ..................................................... 36

Table 38: Answer on the importance of energy efficiency over aesthetics (VVMM1) ............. 36

Table 39: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (VVMM1) ........................................... 37

Table 40: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (VVMM1) ......................................... 37

Table 41:’’Identity’’ of VVMM2 – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of the

building ............................................................................................................................. 38

Table 42: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (VVMM2) .............................. 39

Table 43: Answers on the Physical / aestherical characteristics (VVMM2) ............................ 39

Table 44: Answers on Energy characteristics (VVMM2) ......................................................... 39

Table 45: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (VVMM2) ................................................... 39

Table 46: Answers on Ease of installation (VVMM2) .............................................................. 39

Table 47: Answers on Economy (VVMM2) .............................................................................. 39

Table 48: Answers on legal aspects (VVMM2) ........................................................................ 41



Table 49: Answers on Sensors/controls (VVMM2) .................................................................. 41

Table 50: Answers on Building intervention (VVMM2) ........................................................... 41

Table 51: Answer on DHW importance (VVMM2) .................................................................. 42

Table 52: Answer on SHC importance (VVMM2) .................................................................... 42

Table 53: Answer on aesthetics importance (VVMM2) .......................................................... 42

Table 54: Answer on flexibility importance (VVMM2) ............................................................ 42

Table 55: Answer on energy efficiency importance (VVMM2) ............................................... 43

Table 56: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials (VVMM2) 43

Table 57: Answer on aesthetics importance (VVMM2) .......................................................... 43

Table 58: Answer on aesthetics importance over energy efficiency (VVMM2) ...................... 43

Table 59: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (VVMM2) .......................................... 43

Table 60: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (VVMM2) ........................................ 43

Table 61:’’Identity’’ of the EYDAP – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of

the building ....................................................................................................................... 44

Table 62: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (EYDAP) .............................. 45

Table 63: Answers on the Physical / aesthetical characteristics (EYDAP) ............................. 45

Table 64: Answers on the Energy characteristics (EYDAP) .................................................... 45

Table 65: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (EYDAP) .................................................... 45

Table 66: Answers on ease of installation (EYDAP) ............................................................... 45

Table 67: Answer on economy (EYDAP)................................................................................. 45

Table 68: Answers on legal aspects (EYDAP) ......................................................................... 46

Table 69: Answers on Sensors/controls (EYDAP) ................................................................... 46

Table 70: Answers on Building intervention (EYDAP) ............................................................ 46

Table 71: Answer on DHW importance (EYDAP) ................................................................... 47

Table 72: Answer on SHC importance (EYDAP) .................................................................... 47

Table 73: Answer on aesthetics importance (EYDAP) ............................................................ 47



Table 74: Answer on flexibility importance (EYDAP) ............................................................. 47

Table 75: Answer on energy efficiency importance (EYDAP) ................................................. 48

Table 76: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials .................. 48

Table 77: Answer on aesthetics importance (EYDAP) ............................................................ 48

Table 78: Answer on aesthetics importance over energy efficiency (EYDAP) ........................ 48

Table 79: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (EYDAP) ........................................... 48

Table 80: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (EYDAP) ......................................... 48

Table 81:’’Identity’’ of the ALCN – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of the

building ............................................................................................................................. 49

Table 82: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (ALCN) ................................. 50

Table 83: Answers on the Physical / aesthetical characteristics (ALCN) ............................... 50

Table 84: Answers on Energy characteristics (ALCN) ............................................................ 50

Table 85: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (ALCN) ....................................................... 50

Table 86: Answers on ease of installation (ALCN).................................................................. 50

Table 87: Answers on economy (ALCN).................................................................................. 50

Table 88: Answers on legal aspects (ALCN) ............................................................................ 51

Table 89: Answers on Sensors/controls (ALCN) ..................................................................... 52

Table 90: Answers on Building intervention (ALCN) .............................................................. 52

Table 91: Answer on DHW importance (ALCN) ..................................................................... 53

Table 92: Answer on SHC importance (ALCN) ....................................................................... 53

Table 93: Answer on aesthetics importance (ALCN) ............................................................... 53

Table 94: Answer on flexibility importance (ALCN) ............................................................... 53

Table 95: Answer on flexibility importance (ALCN) ............................................................... 53

Table 96: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials (ALCN) .... 53

Table 97: Answer on the aesthetics importance (ALCN) ......................................................... 53

Table 98: Answer on energy efficiency importance (ALCN) ................................................... 53



Table 99: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (ALCN) ............................................. 54

Table 100: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (ALCN) ......................................... 54

Table 101:’’Identity’’ of COOLH – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of the

building ............................................................................................................................. 55

Table 102: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (COOLH) .............................. 56

Table 103: Answers on the Physical / aesthetical characteristics (COOLH) ............................ 56

Table 104: Answers on Energy characteristics (COOLH) ......................................................... 56

Table 105: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (COOLH) .................................................... 56

Table 106: Answers on ease of installation (COOLH) .............................................................. 56

Table 107: Answers on economy (COOLH) .............................................................................. 56

Table 108: Answers on legal aspects (COOLH) ........................................................................ 57

Table 109: Answers on Sensors/controls (COOLH) .................................................................. 57

Table 110: Answers on Building intervention (COOLH) ........................................................... 57

Table 111: Answer on DHW importance (COOLH) .................................................................. 58

Table 112: Answer on SHC importance (COOLH) ................................................................... 58

Table 113: Answer on aesthetics importance (COOLH) ........................................................... 58

Table 114: Answer on flexibility importance (COOLH) ............................................................ 58

Table 115: Answer on energy efficiency importance ............................................................... 59

Table 116: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials (COOLH) . 59

Table 117: Answer on aesthetics importance (COOLH) ........................................................... 59

Table 118: Answer on aesthetics importance over energy efficiency (COOLH) ....................... 59

Table 119: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (COOLH) .......................................... 59

Table 120: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (COOLH) ...................................... 59



Abbreviations

AWSN Autonomous Wireless Sensor Networks

BAPV Building Adapted Photovoltaics

BIPV Building Integrated Photovoltaics

D Deliverable

DEC Dissemination, Communication, Exploitation

DHW Domestic Hot Water

DoW Description of Work

H2020 Horizon 2020

HM Heat Mat

LCOE Levelized Cost of Electricity

MS Milestone

OSBs Oriented Strand Boards

SES Smart Envelope Systems

SHC Space heating and Cooling

WACC Weighted Average Cost of Capital

CDW Construction and Demolition Wastes



1. Introduction

Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is the integration of photovoltaics (PV) into the building envelope. The main application of the BIPV is to generate solar energy and due to technological improvements, nowadays the cost of integrated PVs is reduced and its life-cycle cost is well extended (Strong, 2016).

Building sector is a key-sector for current policies on energy efficiency as it accounts for approximately 40% of the total energy consumption (Pierluigi Bonomo, 2015). Installation of BIPV in the building, renders it into an active solar collector supplying users with safe, affordable and decentralized electricity (Pierluigi Bonomo, 2015).

The growing demand for nearly-Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB), an approach that was introduced by European Commission through the European Performance Building Directive (Directive 2010/31/EU, 2010) has set the foundations towards the development of new building envelopes consisting of active interfaces (Pierluigi Bonomo, 2015). According to the current directive all new buildings of the 28 EU member states should be nZEBs by 2020 (Floor J.W. Osseweijera, 2018). By definition nZEBs are buildings whose energy requirements are covered by renewable energy sources that are incorporated in the structure either during construction or refurbishment (Pierluigi Bonomo, 2015). Thus, BIPV is one possible solution to develop nZEBs through generating renewable electricity on-site (Floor J.W. Osseweijera, 2018).

Great advantage of BIPV cells compared to the conventional PVs is the high compatibility to the technical features of the building envelope. No special fixing systems, or significant modifications to the core structure are required, hence all technical characteristics of the building interface remain unchangeable (e.g. mechanical resistance, thermal insulation etc.) (Frontini, 2013). The BIPV system replaces traditional elements (windows, cladding, roofs or accessories) with functional prefabricated components that are able to generate electricity getting advantage of the solar power (Osseweijer, 2016). Therefore, BIPVs have a positive impact on building’s functionality and can be considered as an integral part of the energy system of the building (Emrah Biyika, 2017).

The BIPV market segment is continuously growing and the market perceives this category as one with a very great grown potential. Thus, it consists of an attractive solution for many users as it promotes savings in materials and reduction of conventional energy consumption and enhances the overall energy efficiency of the building (Nuria Martín-Chivelet, 2018). In addition, the BIPV applications can add extra value on the building as they can improve its aesthetic profile. Flexibility in size, shape, color and appearance render BIPVs multi-versatile and ready for use in any architectural design. It is also noteworthy the fact that they can be paired with other commonly used materials such as glass and metal for even better aesthetic results (Osseweijer, 2016).

The PVadapt project aspires to create an adaptable and multifunctional BIPV system through combination of innovative modular construction and modular photovoltaics. This will substantially lower the cost than any other conventional solution. The key to achieve the cost reduction, is the Prefabrication feature together with its quick installation with minimal



disruption. In the terms of a sustainability, the by default philosophy is that all the parts of the system to be recyclable/ reusable and originating from an established waste material supply chain. As the BIPV system is an innovative photovoltaic system, it will be equipped with A Smart Envelope System that features grid connectivity, load prediction and shifting, and intelligent energy management systems with integrated predictive algorithms.

The focus of T2.1 is to accurately identify the user’s expectations, get a deeper understanding on their ideal BIPV system features and finalise the specifications for the turn key BIPV installation for each site.

The outputs of this task will be used in WP3, which will use the end-users’ requirements as precursors for the designs during T3.1. Next on, the WP8 focus is on improving the reception of BIPVs by the public through selected activities and info from WP3 which will be the key factor for the discussion.



2. Concept and deliverable objective(s)

a) Concept of Deliverable

The deliverable D2.1 consists of the report that outlines the process to develop a questionnaire to gather the proper information from the end-users on their needs and expectations from the EU PVadapt project. The information is to be provided to the developers of the PVadapt to assist with prioritization of the process for the development of the BIPV system. The current deliverable shed light on the following topics:

The Analysis of end-users’ building requirements necessary for the development of the relevant BIPV system

The Analysis of the institutional and regulatory framework for the development of BIPV installations in the ends user’s facilities

The Analysis of financial end users’ requirements regarding BIPV installations

Study on the potential use of the BIPV system in the building facilities

b) Purpose and Objectives

The overall goal of the PVadapt project is the delivery of a prefabricated, modular and multifunctional turn-key BIPV system. The D2.1 focuses on the early consolidation of the specifications for each technology and process. It proposes the accurate mapping of end user expectations regarding what they expect with regards to a turn-key BIPV system in terms of energy performance, savings, revenue generated, storage requirements, preferences regarding controls and sensors, grid connectivity and legal constraints.

The report examines the policy, economic impacts and decision-making processes of BIPV installation on end users’ facilities.

The goal of this report is to conduct both a qualitative and quantitative analysis to serve as a guidance to design and implement the proposed BIPV installation in end users’ facilities.

Recommendations and analysis are presented to update stakeholder’s view on the BIPV system.

Findings of this report will pave the way for the technical providers of the project to develop BIPV systems tailored to the energy requirements and environmental profile of the end-user.



3. Description of the PVAdapt BIPV system

a) PVAdapt BIPV system

The concept of the BIPV system is shown below:

Figure 1: The PVadapt BIPV system

The two component integrated BIPV system will be produced separately and an assembly/joining method will be developed for on-site integration. The Structural & Thermal components features a construction grade steel frame and a Thermal Component based on three main material formulations. The second part of the system consists of a Heat Mat bonded to PV modules. The combination of the two will produce building blocks of sufficient customization to allow components suitable for roof and façade installations, as well as new construction.

There are four main pillars comprising the activities of the project.

The first pillar is the delivery of a PV/T component active energy component comprised of a sheet of flat heat pipes (Heat Mat-HM) in a PV module, addressed through objective O.1.

The second is the delivery of a prefabricated structural panel with multiple passive functions (thermal, resilience, stability, waterproofing among others) and is addressed through objective O.2 & O.3.

The third is the delivery of a Smart Envelope System, achieving critical functions such as load prediction and shifting and predictive maintenance and is addressed through objective O.4.

Finally, producing an environmentally and financially viable result. Addressed through O.5 to O.8



The passive functions include structural, thermal, mechanical and fire protection properties, while the active functions are energy generation (both heat and electricity) and the supporting infrastructure rendering the envelope ―smart. This Smart Envelope System will be able to exploit the power of the sun to the fullest, balancing energy generation through the PVs and HMs with decision support systems optimizing energy management.

In the PVadapt project we will further optimize OSBs to incorporate various waste sourced materials, we will employ Fiber Reinforced Geopolymers to replace OSBs for cases where substantially enhanced mechanical properties are required and finally and we will replace typical insulation with expanded perlite, another waste sourced material with excellent thermal properties.

Fiber reinforced geopolymers: Production of a geopolymer structural component that will incorporate more than 80% of waste of industrial origin (slags), by-products (ashes) or CDWs (ceramic wastes) that have been demonstrated as raw materials conferring excellent mechanical properties.

This material has been previously developed and demonstrated by NTUA in the EU projects MF-Retrofit25 and Green-INSTRUCT. We will ensure that the BIPV components and solutions are safe and cover common requirements such as mechanical rigidity, weather protection, fire protection, insulation and satisfy aesthetic standards

Bio waste based Oriented Strand Boards: The existing OSBs used in the walls are wood derivatives. In the PVadapt project, the sustainability profile of this component will be designed to offer 100% bio-based material and the afforded mechanical and insulation properties.

In more details, the structural component will be designed with 100% bio-based material, which can be separated from other materials after usage and be reused or composted as end-of-life solution. Mechanical properties of the prototypes will be optimised to develop panels, which will be tested at the demonstration sites. An essential objective for the structural component is the utilisation of residual biomass like whey (or whey protein isolate) as binder and fire resistance improver and corn cob particles or cellulose and fibre fine fraction from paper recycling as filler with insulation properties

Expanded perlite: Expanded perlite will be produced, encapsulated and used as granular insulation material to maximize the thermal insulation of the panel system.

Heat Mat (HM): the NICE (New Industrial Solar Cell Encapsulation) production line will be used to integrate the heat mats (HM).

The integration of heat pipes in the NICE PV production line will allow us to produce a BIPV system featuring all the advantages described as a two-part system: one part consisting of the LFS, OSBs or geopolymers and expanded perlite insulation and another part consisting of the integrated HM/PV component



The HM is developed to recover the heat generated by solar panels and distribute or store it within the building for space heating (SH) or store it through thermal storage.

In the rare cases where neither the cooling of the PVs or the heat recovery functions are required, the installations will be conducted without it.

The HM component is being produced in a frame for direct roof and wall installation. Due to this design, the envelope components retain their water-proof properties despite the expansion of the HMs, and no issues have been detected during the extended testing at TRL7.

Heat pipe based systems have shown a significant potential in improving PV efficiency and extending their operating life while simultaneously harvesting a very substantial amount of heat.

Using a heat mat as not only a thermal absorber but also as the weather tight seal for a building is novel and beyond anything currently being done. The advantages of such an approach are many including:

o Aesthetic, a single smooth surface rather than a miss match of materials o Efficiency PV, cooled PV last longer and generates more energy than no cooled o Efficiency thermal, the heat mat technology is isothermic and absorbs heat across its

whole surface making it able to harvest more energy than other approaches o Safety having a single product full filling 3 functions, weatherproofing, pv and thermal

limits the requirement for multiple trades working at height and in the case of the heat mat all connections can be made from within the roof. The nature of the heat mat allows for reverse cycling providing snow clearance in cooler climates giving better winter PV out puts, it also allows for heat dumping at night helping to provide passive cooling.

o The fact that the panels are sealed allows for simple replacement if required without the necessity to drain the systems

In the PVadapt project, the integration of the photovoltaic and thermal systems will enable the simultaneous harnessing of both heat and electricity from solar irradiation.

Through these technological innovations, the PVadapt project will achieve an eco-friendly building block for BIPV installation. It will be possible to complete new construction or retrofitting of BIPVs in a fraction of the time when compared to conventional process, at significantly lower cost with minimal CDW.

In order to enable architects to create aesthetically pleasing installations, the PVadapt project will produce various secondary ―building blocks‖ that will be necessary to complement the BIPV system. The architect will then be able to select the existing building blocks or customize and insert different components such as PV types, thermal or aesthetic elements. The first, will be a simple structural component comprised of the steel frame and LFS. The second one will also feature the HM that functions as a solar/thermal component. The third one will include the steel frame, SC and a Green Wall component. The Green Wall‘s main function is aesthetics, but the value of additional functionalities through NBS, like increasing insulation



properties will be evaluated. The fourth one includes the same components as the third and in addition one semi-permeable PV unit, that is cooled and where the PV units provides some shading for the plants against the strong sun rays during summer time. Together with the primary PV block, these five building blocks will be the main objects utilized in the design process.

Sustainability. The design for the components will adhere to the principles of circular economy, allowing for easy replacement, dismantling, separation of individual layers and reuse/recycling solutions. To make reuse or recycle of all components possible at the end of the first life cycle, the whole design needs to be circular. In this sense, this feature needs to be incorporated already in the design phase of the panels. For example, irreversible gluing or mixing two components that might have more valuable second-life applications as single components are important aspects to consider for circular design. The materials will be defined with every component having a clear dismantling and reuse property assigned.

Wireless sensors. There is significant merit in sensorizing the BIPV with ICT so that the performance of the system can be monitored for performance monitoring and detecting anomalous behaviour.

Grid connectivity. The increase of intermittent energy production systems requires augmenting demand side flexibility. Thus, an intelligent network between energy supply, storage and distribution will be pursued.

Integration of energy storage. The FHP will be integrated into the building structure and will harvest thermal energy making it available for either storage or direct use. When used on a residential application the energy can be used passively to provide the property with hot water for washing etc. However, it is often the case that either too much heat is available, summer months or that the temperature available is not hot enough for the required application, winter. In the first case the harvested heat can be directly transferred to store hot water, in the second the lower grade heat can be used via a heat pump which will lift it to a usable temperature.

The PVAdapt project is developing a prefabricated modular structural building block that is superior to conventional precast reinforced concrete panels by virtue of its reduced weight, improved acoustic and thermal performance and multiple functionalities.

Reducing the complexity of the installation Even with so many options to the end user, the construction or installation process will be simple, will not be labour intensive, will not require additional skills from local workers (that are still certified to install conventional PV) and most importantly will be fast and low disruption.



b) Main PVAdapt advantages compared to conventional BIPV technology state of art

Main PVAdapt advantages compared to BIPV technology state of the art

Positive acoustic effects

Additional insulation for the building

Aesthetic added value

Cost effective technology

Modularity of the product, faster to install and at the same time easy to maintain and dismantle at the end of life

Installations will be expandable and removable

Adaptability to fit any application

Applicability of the product to both new and existing buildings

Less construction and demolition waste (CDW)

Recycling of BIPV components

Be partly made from bio-based material

Prefabricated component

Reduced weight



4. Questionnaire methodology

a) Questionnaire development

The main objective of the end-user questionnaire is to highlight the needs and requirements of the end-users from the PVs and outline the key preferable features of the integrated PV module. It is important to carefully design the questionnaire of a survey in order to ensure that sound results and conclusions may arise from the research (Priscilla Salant, 1994). To achieve it, the questionnaire consists of questions structured in that way to gather information on key features of the BIPV system such as energy efficiency, aesthetics, sustainability and ease/maintenance of installation. In addition, the questionnaire also includes some generic questions to establish links between key elements of the multifunctional BIPVs that will shed light in the ideal physical/technical characteristics and preferences of the end-users. Ultimately, a map of the expectations of the end-users and requirements of their BIPV systems will be complete.

To achieve sound results and conclusions from the survey research it is important to carefully design the questionnaire of a survey,

The most important factors influencing the end user preferences appear to be:

- Infrastructure related: housing types and structural issues (suitability of roofs, grid connectivity, thermal insulation, system installation), space heating or cooling, domestic hot water

- Lifestyle: mobility, aesthetics, household energy use and current bill value

- Financial: return on investment/payback time, competing priorities and quality improvements

- Environmental considerations and environmental impacts: to provide sustainable solutions, support circular economy, to reduce the carbon footprint

- Smart energy buildings: Smart Envelope systems (sensors for monitoring and collecting data, smart energy performance systems)

- Legal framework: European energy directives and national laws

b) Questionnaire dissemination

The questionnaire was distributed to the end users by email but it was also uploaded on the project’s platform EMDESK that respondents could use if they preferred

c) Questionnaire design

Taking into account the abovementioned criteria that may affects the end users’ decision on a BIPV system, the questionnaire was split in to the following main sections:



End user’s data (general, location, building data)

Consumption: The aim is to define user’s current situation regarding electrical consumption as well as oil and natural gas consumption

Economical Data: The aim is to define user’s current cost of grid electricity as well as oil and natural gas cost

Additional information: The aim of category is to define the free space in the building (e.g. roof, façade, parking etc.) in order the BIPV system to be appropriately customized to the user’s place

Thermal/structural characteristics: The aim is to define the user’s thermal requirements e.g. SHC, DHW, insulation etc in order the appropriate materials/components to be used like geopolymer, OSBs and perlite ensuring that user’s expectations will be met e.g. it will be defined if HM has to be used in case user needs DHW

Physical/Aesthetics characteristics: The aim of category is to define how important are for users the physical and aesthetical characteristics of BIPV blocks and especially which of them are the most important in order the specific materials to be used

Energy characteristics: The aim is to determine whether the user is interested in having the BIPV system compatible with the grid as well as the Kw of the BIPV system he expects to be installed

Sustainability/Circularity: The aim is to define if user is interested in using recyclable/reusable materials e.g. OSBs

Ease of installation: The aim is to determine how important is the ease of BIPV installation

Economical: The aim is to define user’s economic requirements regarding revenue, payback time etc

Legal aspects: The aim is to define the legal framework for the use of BIPV

Sensors/Controls: The aim is to define whether the user already uses some kind of sensors or another smart energy management system in his facilities –alternatively, precise if he is interested in engaging with installation of such systems

Building intervention: Aim of this category is to underline if the user has scheduled already a refurbishment of the building. If one is planned, then the user is asked to consider the impact of BIPV installation/dismantling on his refurbishment project plan

Prioritization of characteristics: Aim of this category is to determine the user’s priority on the specific attributes of the BIPV system

Factors that influenced your decision to use PVs: Aim of this category is to get insights on the incentives of user to install the BIPV system



Moreover, as the features of the multifunctional BIPV system like flexibility, high/low efficiency, recycling/reusable materials and aesthetical building modifications affect the degree of complexity as well as the overall cost of the system, relevant questions were developed.

- The DHW, SHC and aesthetics interest given their impact on the simplicity of installation

- The flexibility, energy efficiency, recycling/reuse and aesthetics importance of each feature taking into account its impact on the total price of the system

d) Sampling strategy

The questionnaire was sent to the 5 end users of the project, which incorporate the following characteristics:

- Demo site partners at the project. PVadapt solutions will be convincingly demonstrated to 7 buildings of various typologies (residential, commercial, 2 offices, and 3 service stations in Spain, Greece and Austria) which will have the technology installed and one construction will be built in Portugal

- Proximity to the proposed BIPV project. The end users in fact have a vested interest in the participation and development of such projects.

e) Data analysis

The data collected from questionnaires returned from the end-users were put in Microsoft excel and converted into color coding. The idea was to create a color coding index to further facilitate the analysis and assist with comparison between end-users. The answers of the end-users were given a specific color based on the importance of the designated feature of the question. Green tones refer to no importance whereas red corresponds to the high importance of the specific feature questioned. Intermediate yellow tones are used for slight and moderate level of importance.



5. Responses to the questionnaire

The questionnaire was filled by the following end users of the PVadapt project:

A. Conkat, has given one questionnaire for all the three gas stations, situated in Athens, Greece, as all the gas stations are similar and thus they have common needs and requirements

B. VVMM, has filled two questionnaires for both a public services building and a residential building in Bilbao, Spain

C. EYDAP has filled the questionnaire for a building serving as office and laboratory in Athens, Greece

D. ALCN has filled the questionnaire for a building which is used as office, workshop as well as residential in Vienna, Austria

E. COOLH has filled the questionnaire for an office/factory building in Coimbra, Portugal



A. CONKAT

Category 1 - 6

Company name Conkat ATE

Industry Oil/Gas/Energy/Construction/Facility management

Country Greece

City Athens

Building use Gas station

Age of the building 10 years

Mobility users 4 permanent / 100/day visitors

Consumption

- Electricity

Annual consumption 60000 kWh

Minimum consumption 14 kW per hour

Maximum consumption 38 kW per hour

Average consumption 17 kW in day / 18 kW in night

Table 1:’’Identity’’ of Conkat – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of the building (Conkat)

Question: "Thermal / Structural characteristics"

Category 7 Answer

Thermal insulation

Acoustic insulation

Modularity

Heat storage

Space heating

Space cooling

DHW

Seasonal storage

Kind of installation both roof and

façade

Table 2: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (Conkat)

Question: "Physical / Aesthetics characteristics"

Category 8 Answer

Aesthetic impact

Colour

Size/shape

Transparency

Flexibility

Table 3: Answers on the Physical/aesthetics characteristics (Conkat)

HIGH LOW

Importance Importance



Question: "Energy characteristics"

Category 9 Answer

Easy grid connection

Expected capacity to export to the grid (%)

80

Expected capacity to install (kW) 20

Electricity savings (%) 20

Table 4: Answers on Energy characteristics (Conkat)

Question: "Sustainability / Circularity"

Category 10 Answer

Reuse/recycling of CDW

Environmental impact in the life cycle

Ease of maintenance

Frequency of maintenance

Table 5: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (Conkat)

Question: "Ease of installation"

Category 11 Answer

Ease of installation

Dismantling PVs

Prefabricated PVs

Effect of installation work on the operation

NO

Installation of BIPV system

One phase - To avoid interrupting the operation of the building

Table 6: Answers on Ease of installation (Conkat)

Question: "Economy"

Category 15 Answer

Cost impact

Reasonable cost < 300 €/m2

Maximum payback time 3 years

Table 7: Answers on Economy (Conkat)

Question: " Legal aspects"

Category 16 Answer Comments

Grid feeding permitted YES

Safety regulations to be followed YES According to country's legislation

Energy Renewable Directives or Standards/ instructions to be confronted with?

DON'T KNOW

Building heritage law to be confronted with NO

Certificate occupancy or similar permit required for the installation

YES

Integrated buildings exempt from building height restrictions DON'T KNOW

Building / electrical permit YES According to country's legislation

Application of BIPV technology to historical monuments NO

Table 8: Answers on legal aspects (Conkat)



Question: " Sensors/Controls"

Category 17 Answer

Smart energy system

Smart energy system installed NO

Monitoring energy consumption system installed

NO

Keen on wireless sensors network to monitor the energy performance of the building

NO

Interested in energy storage system installation

YES

Table 9: Answers on Sensors/controls (Conkat)

Question: " Building intervention"

Category 18 Answer

A renovation scheduled in the forthcoming period

NO

Keen on interventions in the building envelope

YES

Keen on works of uninstalling the BIPV system in case it is required and to restore the building as it used to be before the installation

YES

Static control required for the installation of the BIPV

YES

Table 10: Answers on Building intervention (Conkat)

‘’The above scaling to be used for assessing the preference of Conkat on high/low level of flexibility, Energy efficiency, use of recyclable and reusable materials and aesthetics. Important to note, that higher the degree of the attribute, higher the cost of installation of the BIPV system‘’

Question: " The Domestic Hot Water (DHW) feature increases the complexity of the BIPV

system. How important do you rate the DHW in your system given its impact on the simplicity of

installation?"

Category 12 Answer

The DHW increases the complexity of the BIPV system. Importance of the DHW given its impact on the simplicity of installation

Table 11: Answer on DHW importance (Conkat)

Question: "The Space Heating - Cooling (SHC) feature increases the complexity of the BIPV

system. How important do you rate the SHC in your system given its impact on the simplicity of

installation?"

Category 13 Answer

The SHC increases the complexity of the BIPV system. Importance of the SHC given its impact on the simplicity of installation

Table 12: Answer on SHC importance (Conkat)

Question: " The aesthetics increases the complexity of the BIPV system. How important do you rate the aesthetics in your system given

its impact on the simplicity of installation?"

Category 14 Answer

The aesthetics increases the complexity of the BIPV system. Importance of the aesthetics given its impact on the simplicity of installation

Table 13: Answer on aesthetics importance (Conkat)

Question: " How important do you rate the flexibility of BIPV?"

Category 19 Answer

Importance of the flexibility of BIPV Table 14: Answer on flexibility importance (Conkat)

HIGH LOW



Ιn the Category 24 and 25, Conkat was asked to answer the questions by giving personal opinion on the BIPV characteristics and the driving elements of the decision-making.

Question: " Please fill the boxes with the preferred characteristics of your ideal BIPV system"

Category 24 Answers

1 Aesthetics

The aesthetic is very important as company follows a common layout policy for all the gas stations. The cost is also a very

important parameter, as the energy efficiency. Ease of installation and recyclability are important factors, but not as

important as the rest.

2 Cost

3 Energy efficiency

4 Flexibility

5 Ease of installation

6 Reuse/recycling

Table 19: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (Conkat)

Question: " There may have been many factors that influenced your decision to use PVs. Which was the most important to you? (e.g. to reduce the energy bill, to reduce dependence on outside energy sources, to

live ‘green’ and/or reduce your carbon footprint etc.). "

Category 25 Answer

The most important factors are the reduction of the energy consumption and the financial gains that it could cause, together with the reduction of the carbon footprint

Table 20: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (Conkat)

Question: " How important do you rate the energy efficiency of BIPV?"

Question: "How important do you rate the use of recyclable/reusable materials in a BIPV?"

Category 20 Answer Category 21 Answer

Importance of the energy efficiency of BIPV

Importance of the use of

recyclable/reusable materials in a BIPV

Table 15: Answer on energy efficiency importance (Conkat)

Table 16: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials (Conkat)

Question: " How important do you rate Aesthetics feature of BIPV?"

Question: " How important do you rate Aesthetics over the Energy Efficiency of BIPV"


Importance of the aesthetics in a BIPV

Importance of the aesthetics over energy efficiency of BIPV

Table 17: Answer on aesthetics importance (Conkat) Table 18: Answer on aesthetics importance over energy efficiency (Conkat)



B. VVMM (1)

Category 1 - 6

Company name OAL Viviendas Municipales de Bilbao

Industry Public company -Social Housing Organization

Country Spain

City Bilbao

Building use Public services (administrative, research & training)

Age of the building 1966 (52 years old)

Mobility users 5 permanent / 150 visitors

Consumption

- Electricity

Annual consumption 187200 kWh (48 dwelling*3900)

- Cost 47.520 €

Minimum consumption 0,22 kW per hour

Maximum consumption 8,43 kW per hour


Free available space (m2)

- on roof 168 [561m2 *0,3 (h> 1,75 m)]

- on façade 495

- in surroundng area 101

- basement 280,5

Table 21:’’Identity’’ of VVMM1 – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of the building


Category 7 Answer

Thermal insulation

Acoustic insulation

Modularity

Heat storage

Space heating

Space cooling

DHW

Seasonal storage


façade

Table 22: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (VVMM1)


Category 8 Answer

Aesthetic impact

Colour

Size/shape

Transparency

Flexibility

Table 23: Answers on the Physical / aesthetics characteristics (VVMM1)

HIGH LOW





Category 9 Answer



60

Expected capacity to install (kW) -


Table 24: Answers on Energy characteristics (VVMM1)


Category 10 Answer



Ease of maintenance


Table 25: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (VVMM1)


Category 11 Answer


Dismantling PVs

Prefabricated PVs


YES


One phase - Reduce the interferences between the different rehabilitation Works, and the inconveniences to the users

Table 26: Answers on ease of installation (VVMM1)

Question: "Economy"

Category 15 Answer

Cost impact


Maximum payback time 4-10 years

Table 27: Answers on Economy (VVMM1)




A very recent regulation (Oct 2018) substantially favours the use of BIPV by local communities and housing owners is Spain (Real Decreto-ley 15/2018, de 5 de octubre, de medidas urgentes para la transición energética y la protección de los consumidores)

Safety regulations to be followed YES

Common Health & Safety regulations in construction in Spain (REAL DECRETO 1627/1997, de 24 de octubre, por el que se establecen disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y salud en las obras de construcción)


YES

The following legislation is relevant: • Real Decreto-ley 2/2013, de 1 de febrero, de medidas urgentes en el sistema eléctrico y en el sector financiero. • Ley 15/2012, de 27 de diciembre, de medidas fiscales para la sostenibilidad energética. • Real Decreto-ley 1/2012, de 27 de enero, por el que se procede a la suspensión de los procedimientos de pre asignación de retribución y a la supresión de los incentivos económicos para nuevas instalaciones de producción de energía eléctrica a partir de cogeneración, fuentes de energía



renovables y residuos. • Real Decreto 1699/2011, de 18 de noviembre, por el que se regula la conexión a red de instalaciones de producción de energía eléctrica de pequeña potencia. • Real Decreto-ley 14/2010, de 23 de diciembre, por el que se establecen medidas urgentes para la corrección del déficit tarifario del sector eléctrico. • Real Decreto 1565/2010, de 19 de noviembre, por el que se regulan y modifican determinados aspectos relativos a la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica en régimen especial. • Real Decreto-ley 6/2009, de 30 de abril, por el que se adoptan determinadas medidas en el sector energético y se aprueba el bono social. • Real Decreto 1578/2008, de 26 de septiembre, de retribución de la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica mediante tecnología solar fotovoltaica. • Real Decreto 661/2007, de 25 de mayo, por el que se regula la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica en régimen especial. • Real Decreto 900/2015, de 9 de octubre, por el que se regulan las condiciones administrativas, técnicas y económicas de las modalidades de suministro de energía con autoconsumo y de producción con autoconsumo. • Ordenanza Municipal de Eficiencia Energética y Calidad Ambiental de los Edificios, publicado en el B.O. de Guipuzkoa el 5 de junio de 2016. • REAL DECRETO 314/2006, de 17 de marzo, por el que se aprueba el Código Técnico de la Edificación. (C.T.E.) • RD 842/2002 por el que se aprueba el REBT Reglamento Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión. • Real Decreto-ley 15/2018, de 5 de octubre, de medidas urgentes para la transición energética y la protección de los consumidores.

Building heritage law to be confronted with

YES


YES

Integrated buildings exempt from building height restrictions

NO The height increase due to BIPV is not expected to be relevant.

Building / electrical permit YES A building permit is required. The expected period for approval is 3 months.

Application of BIPV technology to historical monuments

NO

Table 28: Answers on legal aspects (VVMM1)




Category 17 Answer

Smart energy system



NO


YES


YES

Table 29: Answers on Sensors/controls (VVMM1)




YES

In 2019, Plan of works: - Contract the project may 2019 - Approve it and contract Retrofitting work Dec 2019 - Works 2020 If enough information is provided, the panel´s support basic/main conditions could be included in the project as well as other technical prescriptions


YES


NO


NO

Table 30: Answers on Building intervention (VVMM1)

‘’The above scaling to be used for assessing the preference of the VVMM(1) on high/low level of flexibility, Energy efficiency, use of recyclable and reusable materials and aesthetics. Important to note, that higher the degree of the attribute, higher the cost of installation of the BIPV system‘’

HIGH LOW





installation?"

Category 12 Answer


Table 31: Answer on DHW importance (VVMM1)



installation?"

Category 13 Answer


Table 32: Answer on SHC importance (VVMM1)



Category 14 Answer


Table 33: Answer on aesthetics importance (VVMM1)


Category 19 Answer Importance of the flexibility of BIPV Table 34: Answer on flexibility importance

(VVMM1)







Table 35: Answer on energy efficiency importance (VVMM1)

Table 36: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials (VVMM1)

uestion: " How important do you rate Aesthetics feature of BIPV?"





Table 37: Answer on the aesthetics importance (VVMM1)

Table 38: Answer on the importance of energy efficiency over aesthetics (VVMM1)



In the Category 24 and 25, VVMM(1) was asked to answer the questions by giving personal opinion on the BIPV characteristics and the driving elements of the decision-making.


Category 24 Answers

1 Aesthetics It is a dwelling block and the panel will be seen in a ventilated façade, so one critically point is its image. The efficiency is the second level, because if it does not reduce the bill is not interesting. When dealing with social housing, the cost of material is very important and it should be equal the sum of a normal façade and the new facilities necessary to achieve that efficiency.

2 Efficiency

3 Cost

4 Reuse/recycling


6 Flexibility

Table 39: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (VVMM1)



Category 25 Answer

- Reduce the energy bill of the buildings and local communities - Reduce the carbon footprint and contribute to the global turn towards zero emissions

- Pave the way for next nZEB (near Zero Energy Building regulations)

Table 40: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (VVMM1)



C. VVMM (2)

Category 1 - 6

Company name Community of Houseowners (70% belongs to Bilbao – Viviendas)

Industry Dwelling - Private sector

Country Spain

City Bilbao

Building use residential

Age of the building 1962 (56 years old)

Mobility users

96 (=2,4*40) Average Occupancy *n. dwelling permanent / 20 visitors

Consumption

- Electricity

Annual consumption 76290 kWh (48 dwelling*3900)

- Cost 7.000 €

Minimum consumption 1,13 kW per hour

Maximum consumption 5,39 kW per hour



- on roof 1016

- in surroundng area 50

Table 41:’’Identity’’ of VVMM2 – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of the building

HIGH


LOW




Category 7 Answer

Thermal insulation

Acoustic insulation

Modularity

Heat storage

Space heating

Space cooling

DHW

Seasonal storage

Kind of installation roof

Table 42: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (VVMM2)


Category 8 Answer

Aesthetic impact

Colour

Size/shape

Transparency

Flexibility

Table 43: Answers on the Physical / aesthetical characteristics (VVMM2)


Category 9 Answer



50



Table 44: Answers on Energy characteristics (VVMM2)


Category 10 Answer



Ease of maintenance


Table 45: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (VVMM2)


Category 11 Answer


Dismantling PVs

Prefabricated PVs


YES


One phase - Reduce the interferences between the different rehabilitation Works

Table 46: Answers on Ease of installation (VVMM2)

Question: "Economy"

Category 15 Answer

Cost impact



Table 47: Answers on Economy (VVMM2)










YES

The following legislation is relevant: • Real Decreto-ley 2/2013, de 1 de febrero, de medidas urgentes en el sistema eléctrico y en el sector financiero. • Ley 15/2012, de 27 de diciembre, de medidas fiscales para la sostenibilidad energética. • Real Decreto-ley 1/2012, de 27 de enero, por el que se procede a la suspensión de los procedimientos de pre asignación de retribución y a la supresión de los incentivos económicos para nuevas instalaciones de producción de energía eléctrica a partir de cogeneración, fuentes de energía renovables y residuos. • Real Decreto 1699/2011, de 18 de noviembre, por el que se regula la conexión a red de instalaciones de producción de energía eléctrica de pequeña potencia. • Real Decreto-ley 14/2010, de 23 de diciembre, por el que se establecen medidas urgentes para la corrección del déficit tarifario del sector eléctrico. • Real Decreto 1565/2010, de 19 de noviembre, por el que se regulan y modifican determinados aspectos relativos a la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica en régimen especial. • Real Decreto-ley 6/2009, de 30 de abril, por el que se adoptan determinadas medidas en el sector energético y se aprueba el bono social. • Real Decreto 1578/2008, de 26 de septiembre, de retribución de la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica mediante tecnología solar fotovoltaica. • Real Decreto 661/2007, de 25 de mayo, por el que se regula la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica en régimen especial. • Real Decreto 900/2015, de 9 de octubre, por el que se regulan las condiciones administrativas, técnicas y económicas de las modalidades de suministro de energía con autoconsumo y de producción con autoconsumo. • Ordenanza Municipal de Eficiencia Energética y Calidad Ambiental de los Edificios, publicado en el B.O. de Guipuzkoa el 5 de junio de 2016. • REAL DECRETO 314/2006, de 17 de marzo, por el que se aprueba el Código Técnico de la Edificación. (C.T.E.) • RD 842/2002 por el que se aprueba el REBT Reglamento Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión. • Real Decreto-ley 15/2018, de 5 de octubre, de medidas



urgentes para la transición energética y la protección de los consumidores.


YES


YES


NO The height increase due to BIPV is not expected to be relevant.

Building / electrical permit YES A building permit is required. The expected period for approval is 3 months.


NO

Table 48: Answers on legal aspects (VVMM2)


Category 17 Answer

Smart energy system



NO


YES


YES

Table 49: Answers on Sensors/controls (VVMM2)




YES In 2019, Plan of works: - 2018 do the project, 2019 contract de work, Retrofitting BIPV installation is already included in the project


YES


NO


NO

Table 50: Answers on Building intervention (VVMM2)



‘’The above scaling to be used for assessing the preference of VVMM(2) on high/low level of flexibility, Energy efficiency, use of recyclable and reusable materials and aesthetics. Important to note, that higher the degree of the attribute, higher the cost of installation of the BIPV system‘’



installation?"

Category 12 Answer


Table 51: Answer on DHW importance (VVMM2)



installation?"

Category 13 Answer


Table 52: Answer on SHC importance (VVMM2)



Category 14 Answer




Category 19 Answer Importance of the flexibility of BIPV Table 54: Answer on flexibility importance (VVMM2)

HIGH LOW









Table 58: Answer on aesthetics importance over energy

efficiency (VVMM2)

In the Category 24 and 25, VVMM(2) was asked to answer the questions by giving personal opinion on the BIPV characteristics and the driving elements of the decision-making.


Category 24 Answers

1 Efficiency


3 Cost

4 Aesthetics

5 Reuse/recycling

6 Flexibility

Table 59: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (VVMM2)



Category 25 Answer

- Reduce the energy bill of the buildings and local communities - Reduce the carbon footprint and contribute to the global turn towards zero emissions

- Pave the way for next nZEB (near Zero Energy Building regulations)

Table 60: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (VVMM2)







Table 55: Answer on energy efficiency importance (VVMM2)

Table 56: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials (VVMM2)



D. EYDAP

Category 1 - 6

Company name Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company (EYDAP

S.A.)

Industry Water and wastewater management

Country Greece

City Athens/Metamorfosi

Building use Office/Laboratory



Consumption

- Electricity

- Annual consumption 84691 kWh

- Cost 9.014 €

- Minimum consumption -

- Maximum consumption -

- Average consumption 232 kW per whole day

- Oil

- Annual consumption 2000 L

- Cost 1.864 €


- on roof 95

- on façade 50

- parking 200

- basement 5

Table 61:’’Identity’’ of the EYDAP – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of the building

HIGH


LOW




Category 7 Answer

Thermal insulation

Acoustic insulation

Modularity

Heat storage

Space heating

Space cooling

DHW

Seasonal storage


façade

Table 62: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (EYDAP)


Category 8 Answer

Aesthetic impact

Colour

Size/shape

Transparency

Flexibility

Table 63: Answers on the Physical / aesthetical characteristics (EYDAP)


Category 9 Answer



0



Table 64: Answers on the Energy characteristics (EYDAP)


Category 10 Answer



Ease of maintenance


Table 65: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (EYDAP)


Category 11 Answer


Dismantling PVs

Prefabricated PVs


NO


One phase - In order to ensure lower personnel commitment

Table 66: Answers on ease of installation (EYDAP)

Question: "Economy"

Category 15 Answer

Cost impact

Reasonable cost > 300 €/m2


Table 67: Answer on economy (EYDAP)





Grid feeding permitted YES National law 3468/2006

Safety regulations to be followed YES National law 3468/2006


YES National law 2773/1999 National law 3468/2006 National law 3851/2010


YES Ministerial Decision No 40158/2010


YES


DON'T KNOW

Building / electrical permit NO According to national law 3851/2010


NO

Table 68: Answers on legal aspects (EYDAP)


Category 17 Answer

Smart energy system



NO


NO


NO

Table 69: Answers on Sensors/controls (EYDAP)




YES Probably during 2019 - 2020, green wall installation. The two projects will act complementary to each other in increasing the sustainability of the office building of EYDAP


YES


NO


YES

Table 70: Answers on Building intervention (EYDAP)



‘’The above scaling to be used for assessing the preference of EYDAP on high/low level of flexibility, Energy efficiency, use of recyclable and reusable materials and aesthetics. Important to note, that higher the degree of the attribute, higher the cost of installation of the BIPV system‘’



installation?"

Category 12 Answer


Table 71: Answer on DHW importance (EYDAP)



installation?"

Category 13 Answer The SHC increases the complexity of the BIPV system. Importance of the SHC given its impact on the simplicity of installation

Table 72: Answer on SHC importance (EYDAP)



Category 14 Answer


Table 73: Answer on aesthetics importance (EYDAP)


Category 19 Answer Importance of the flexibility of BIPV Table 74: Answer on flexibility importance (EYDAP)

HIGH LOW



In the Category 24 and 25, EYDAP was asked to answer the questions by giving personal opinion on the BIPV characteristics and the driving elements of the decision-making.


Category 24 Answers

1 Energy Efficiency

EYDAP’s prioritization on energy efficiency and cost is self-explanatory. Ease of installation and flexibility of the BIPV modules, although very crucial, will preoccupy EYDAP only during installation whereas aesthetics and recyclability will be important during the whole life-cycle of the modules.

2 Cost

3 Aesthetics

4 Reuse/Recycling


6 Flexibility

Table 79: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (EYDAP)



Category 25 Answer

EYDAP has launched an ambitious program based on upgrading existing facilities in order to reduce the company’s carbon footprint as well as the overall energy consumption.

The installation of PVadapt building integrated photovoltaics will act complementary to the company’s sustainability venture demonstrating resource efficient and sustainable solutions to be adopted by other buildings and facilities of

EYDAP.

Table 80: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (EYDAP)







Table 75: Answer on energy efficiency importance (EYDAP)

Table 76: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials






Table 77: Answer on aesthetics importance (EYDAP) Table 78: Answer on aesthetics importance over energy efficiency (EYDAP)



E. ALCN

Category 1 - 6

Company name Alchemia-nova

Industry Applied science

Country Austria

City Vienna

Building use Office, workshop, residential



Consumption

- Electricity


- Cost 5.400,00 €

- Minimum consumption 1,4

- Maximum consumption 3

- Average consumption 67225,2 kW in day / 28810,8 in night

- Natural gas

- Annual consumption 4751000 L

- Cost 3.534,67 €

- Minimum consumpiton 38


- Average consumption 3325700 L in day / 1425300 L in night


- on roof 141

- on façade 35 + 8

- surrounding area (garden) 620

- basement 184

Table 81:’’Identity’’ of the ALCN – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of the building

HIGH


LOW




Category 7 Answer

Thermal insulation

Acoustic insulation

Modularity

Heat storage

Space heating

Space cooling

DHW

Seasonal storage


façade

Table 82: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (ALCN)


Category 8 Answer

Aesthetic impact

Colour

Size/shape

Transparency

Flexibility

Table 83: Answers on the Physical / aesthetical characteristics (ALCN)


Category 9 Answer



0



Table 84: Answers on Energy characteristics (ALCN)


Category 10 Answer



Ease of maintenance


Table 85: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (ALCN)


Category 11 Answer


Dismantling PVs

Prefabricated PVs


YES

Installation of BIPV system One phase - Easier to run the ongoing work processes

Table 86: Answers on ease of installation (ALCN)

Question: "Economy"

Category 15 Answer

Cost impact



Table 87: Answers on economy (ALCN)






Application for a grid-connection contract from the local grid operator.

According to the Electricity Management and Organization Act (paragraph 20), grid operators are obliged to connect PV systems with priority to the grid. Upon verification of the grid

capacity, the grid operator either approves by sending a contract, or makes it dependent on successful

commissioning. If verification of grid capacity at the nearest possible

connection point fails, the network operator offers to reinforce the grid at costs of the project applicant. Thus, formally, in most cases grid-connection is not refused.

Necessary information for this step: - Technical system specification (AC power, peak power,

transformer - if used) - Declaration of Conformity of the used equipment.

Legal Reference: BGBl. I No. 110/2010 Electricity

Management and Organization Act (and corresponding laws of the individual federal states); Technical conditions for

connection (TAEV)


The guidelines of the Austrian Association of Electricians (Österreichischer Verband der Elektrotechniker) set

additional safety requirements which should be taken into account during the planning process of the construction of a PV installation. The measures outlined in the guidelines aim to provide the best prevention possible in case of fire inter

alia for the emergent personnel and serve the authorities as a benchmark while evaluating the object-specific safeguards.

Legal Reference: OVE Guidelines 11-1


YES

A strong driver for the use of BiPV is the successive tightening of guidelines regarding the energetic behavior of buildings

(zero energy house, carbon footprint).

Legal reference: European Building Directive


NO But the city authority checks, that the BIPV does not

“interfere” the townscape. (Wiener Bauordnung §85)


DON'T KNOW


YES

Building / electrical permit YES Electrical permit required, if you want to connect your BIPV

to the electric grid.


YES

Table 88: Answers on legal aspects (ALCN)




Category 17 Answer

Smart energy system



YES


YES


YES

Table 89: Answers on Sensors/controls (ALCN)




YES

During 2019 - 2022, plan of works: Thermal insulation, biogas plant installation, water reuse with NBS, micro CHP. Pvadapt modules ate either combined with other renovation works or attached separately


YES


YES


YES

Table 90: Answers on Building intervention (ALCN)

‘’The above scaling to be used for assessing the preference of ALCN on high/low level of flexibility, Energy efficiency, use of recyclable and reusable materials and aesthetics. Important to note, that higher the degree of the attribute, higher the cost of installation of the BIPV system‘’

HIGH LOW





installation?"

Category 12 Answer


Table 91: Answer on DHW importance (ALCN)



installation?"

Category 13 Answer


Table 92: Answer on SHC importance (ALCN)



Category 14 Answer


Table 93: Answer on aesthetics importance (ALCN)


Category 19 Answer Importance of the flexibility of BIPV Table 94: Answer on flexibility importance (ALCN)







Table 95: Answer on flexibility importance (ALCN) Table 96: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials (ALCN)






Table 97: Answer on the aesthetics importance (ALCN) Table 98: Answer on energy efficiency importance (ALCN)



In the Category 24 and 25, ALCN was asked to answer the questions by giving personal opinion on the BIPVhe BIPV characteristics and the driving elements of the decision-making.


Category 24 Answers

1 Efficiency The priority is energy efficiency, the main reason for the refurbishment. The investment must also have a return from an economic point of view and this therefore also

includes the use of recycled or reused materials. The ease of installation is another important parameter

both for the realization and for the subsequent maintenance, as well as the flexibility of the system. As for the aesthetics, it is sufficient that the BIPV system does not make the current visual arrangement worse, especially from

the perspective of public roads.

2 Cost

3 Reuse/Recycling


5 Flexibility

6 Aesthetics

Table 99: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (ALCN)



Category 25 Answer As a research company focusing on circular economy in combination with nature-based solutions we want to show options for sustainable housing using our own building as role model for other buildings. Reduction of energy bills,

dependencies on outside energy sources, reduction of carbon footprint etc. are all driving factors for our work, but show only a section. The goal is to create a holistic approach to sustainable housing, always keeping in mind that housing is

only one part of unsustainable human practices.

Table 100: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (ALCN)



F. COOLH

Category 1 - 6

Company name COOL HAVEN – HABITAÇÕES MODULARES ECO-

SUSTENTAVEIS, SA

Industry Construction

Country Portugal

City Antanhol / Coimbra

Building use Office / factory



Consumption

- Electricity


- Cost 5.760,00 €

- Minimum consumption 6


- Average consumption 58 kW in day / 5kW in night


- on roof 850

- on façade 770

- surrounding area 400

Table 101:’’Identity’’ of COOLH – Information on the Type, Location and Consumption of the building

HIGH


LOW




Category 7 Answer

Thermal insulation

Acoustic insulation

Modularity

Heat storage

Space heating

Space cooling

DHW

Seasonal storage


façade

Table 102: Answers on the Thermal / structural characteristics (COOLH)


Category 8 Answer

Aesthetic impact

Colour

Size/shape

Transparency

Flexibility

Table 103: Answers on the Physical / aesthetical characteristics (COOLH)


Category 9 Answer



50



Table 104: Answers on Energy characteristics (COOLH)


Category 10 Answer



Ease of maintenance


Table 105: Answers on Sustainability / Circularity (COOLH)


Category 11 Answer


Dismantling PVs

Prefabricated PVs


NO

Installation of BIPV system One phase- Better cost estimates

Table 106: Answers on ease of installation (COOLH)

Question: "Economy"

Category 15 Answer

Cost impact



Table 107: Answers on economy (COOLH)





Grid feeding permitted DON'T KNOW -

Safety regulations to be followed DON'T KNOW -


YES DON'T KNOW


NO -


NO


YES

Building / electrical permit DON'T KNOW -


DON'T KNOW

Table 108: Answers on legal aspects (COOLH)


Category 17 Answer

Smart energy system

Smart energy system installed YES


NO


YES


YES

Table 109: Answers on Sensors/controls (COOLH)




NO -


YES


YES


YES

Table 110: Answers on Building intervention (COOLH)



‘’The above scaling to be used for assessing the preference of COOLH on high/low level of flexibility, Energy efficiency, use of recyclable and reusable materials and aesthetics. Important to note, that higher the degree of the attribute, higher the cost of installation of the BIPV system‘’



installation?"

Category 12 Answer


Table 111: Answer on DHW importance (COOLH)



installation?"

Category 13 Answer


Table 112: Answer on SHC importance (COOLH)



Category 14 Answer


Table 113: Answer on aesthetics importance (COOLH)


Category 19 Answer Importance of the flexibility of BIPV Table 114: Answer on flexibility importance (COOLH)

HIGH LOW









Table 115: Answer on energy efficiency importance (COOLH)

Table 116: Answer on the importance of the use of recyclable/reusable materials (COOLH)






Table 117: Answer on aesthetics importance (COOLH)

Table 118: Answer on aesthetics importance over energy

efficiency (COOLH)

In the Category 24 and 25, COOLH was asked to answer the questions by giving personal opinion on the BIPV characteristics and the driving elements of the decision-making.


Category 24 Answers

1 Efficiency Being the main goal, the energy saving and clean energy

production, we value more these fields. Cost, marketwise is important, and both flexibility and installation process can be

perfected over time, much like the aesthetics.

2 Reuse/Recycling

3 Cost


5 Flexibility

6 Aesthetics

Table 119: Preference on the BIPV main characteristics (COOLH)



Category 25 Answer

All of the above, but mostly contribute to a more sustainable planet.

Table 120: Important factors for deciding the use of PVs (COOLH)



6. End user requirements analysis

In this section, a review of the end-users’ answers will follow. Please find complete questionnaire and crude data in the Appendix A.

A. CONKAT

Looking Conkat’s answers in the questionnaire, it strikes out the very high interest on the thermal insulation and space heating and cooling of the BIPV system which is intended to find application in both the façade and the rooftop of the Conkat gas station demo buildings. Acoustic insulation was not the top priority for the BIPV system as well as the need for Domestic Hot Water (DHW) and the capability of seasonal energy storage. Since the installation of a DHW reduces the simplicity degree of the BIPV system, Conkat showed small interest in having that feature in their panel system. However, the degree of modularity was set as top feature as well as the aesthetics of the system. The color, the size and the shape, the transparency and the flexibility are also of high importance for Conkat. Similarly, important is the Aesthetics of the module as Conkat has established a well-defined layout policy for all gas stations. In order to adhere to that policy, the end-user is eager on increasing the complexity of the system and compromise its energy efficiency. In addition to the aesthetics and thermal characteristics of the BIPV system, Conkat considers very important the ease of installation, maintenance and the frequency of the maintenance checks. Use of recyclable and/or recycling materials were moderately important, together with the cost of installation of the BIPV system. It is noteworthy that the max reasonable cost according to Conkat shall be up to 300 euros/m2 with a payback time no more than 3 years. Energy-wise, Conkat is aiming at absorbing the 20% of the generated electricity to cover part of its annual 60.000 kWh consumption and the remaining 80% to export to the grid. Moreover, Conkat is eager to have a BIPV system equipped with a smart energy system and very interested in setting up a system to store the generated energy. To do so, interventions during installation and disassembling all along the life-cycle of the BIPV are welcome to take place, to allow proper installation or restoration of the building. Features such as wireless sensors and sophisticated monitoring system are not top on the list. In the question regarding the ideal characteristics of the BIPV system, Conkat, as mentioned above, ranked Aesthetic feature on the top, followed by the cost of installation and the energy efficiency of the system. Flexibility and ease of installation were put on the 4th and 5th position respectively whereas last on the list was the use of any recyclable/reusable material as components of the BIPV system.

B. VVMM (1)

VVMM (1) company, a public housing company from Bilbao showed slight interest in the structural characteristics of the intended BIPV system. Thermal and acoustic insulation, heat storage and seasonal storage are not key features of the system as opposed to the colour and the overall aesthetic impact of the panel system. This become even more evident, knowing that the facility is a dwelling block and the BIPV panel will be placed in a ventilated façade.



However, moderate importance is given to its modularity degree, the size, shape and flexibility and the DHW. Top element is considered the connection to the electricity grid. The easy connection is very important to achieve the export of, the expected, 60% of the energy capacity of the BIPV system. Use of recyclable and reusable materials in the core of the system is of slight importance whereas Ease of installation, maintenance and its frequency are considered key elements. Close to this, the cost of installation is considered a significant parameter of the BIPV system with a max of 300 Euros/m2 and an expected payback period between 4-10 years. The expected savings are high as 40% and would reduce significantly the annual cost of 46.520 euros for the 187.000 kWh consumed electricity. The remaining 60% is expected to be exported to the main electricity grid. VVMM (1) rates the energy efficiency of the system as an important element but not as prominent as the aesthetics. The company seems eager to compromise the former to achieve a high degree of the latter. On the other hand, moderate interest is observed for the DHW and Space heating/Cooling, considering their impact on the complexity of the overall BIPV system. Other features such as wireless sensors and an energy storage system are considered of high importance for a BIPV system, with no requirement for an energy consumption monitoring system to be in place. To sum up, VVMM (1) focuses primordially on the aesthetics, next on the efficiency and cost, and less on the ease of installation and use of environmental friendly materials to compose its ideal BIPV system. The main drivers of this decision were the aim at reducing the bills of the buildings in the local communities and CO2 emissions, towards the ultimate ambition to pave the way for the nZEB (near Zero Energy Building regulations). VVM1 has already agreed on the building’s renovation with works to get started in 2019.

C. VVMM (2)

VVMM (2) is a private dwelling company located in Bilbao, offering accommodation in a building that was built in 1962. Looking through the answers in the “end user” questionnaire, it was evident that VVM2 has slight to low interest in the structural characteristics of the BIPV system. Thermal insulation, heat storage and its seasonality, Space heating and cooling are of low interest with features such as acoustic insulation and DHW to be slightly more important. As shown in the questionnaire, VVM2 considers installations of solar panels only for the rooftop and not for any other area of the building. Similar to the structural characteristics of the panel system, aesthetics is of slight significance without any great interest in the colour, shape, size, transparency and its flexibility. In contrast to this, ease of installation, ease of maintenance and its frequency are placed in prominent position, whereas the use of any recyclable/reusable materials and the environmental conditions effect are of moderate importance. Cost of installation does not have a supreme role but it is very important for the VVM2 to have a smart energy BIPV system in place, equipped with key features such as Wireless sensors and an energy storage system. The cost should not be higher than 300 euros/m2 and an expected maximum payback time up to 10 years is foreseen. The BIPV installation is anticipated to ensure 100% savings, the expenses for the annual 76,290 kWh, with 50% of the energy generated to be used within the building and the rest to be exported to the grid.



Should it be necessary to undergo interventions in the building, the company is eager to arrange some during the installation, the disassembling or at any other point of the panel’s life cycle. More specifically, a renovation project will be kicked-off in 2019 which also includes the fitting of the BIPV system. In overall, the VVM2 rates highly the energy efficiency of the solar panel system and to some extend its flexibility and the integration of environmental-friendly materials (recycled/reused). Aesthetics are also important, but no compromise on the energy efficiency would be accepted over a better aesthetic profile of the panel. Since, the DHW makes the system rather complex, slight interest is given on this feature, in contrast with the Space heating/cooling system which is considered as a key element. The ideal BIPV system for VVM2 is a system with great efficiency, ease of installation and low cost. Attributes such as the aesthetics, the use of recyclable and reusable materials and the overall flexibility of the system are placed low on the list of preference. Key decision drivers are the focus on a reduced energy bill of the building and the local communities, commitment to a low CO2 footprint and the ambition to achieve a nZEB regulation.

D. EYDAP

EYDAP is the Water Supply and Sewerage Company of Athens and completed the questionnaire for a building of 25 years old that consists of both offices and laboratories areas. EYDAP shows slight to moderate interest in the structural characteristics of the BIPV system and only the thermal insulation is of top priority. In the contrary, although the Physical characteristics of the panel system are not of high importance, the overall aesthetics is considered as a significant trait. Moreover, SHC is of moderate importance whereas DHW is of low importance. Furthermore, EYDAP highlights the importance of ease of installation of the BIPV system with some prefabricated PVs as well as the ease of maintenance and the frequency required for maintenance purposes. Similarly, the impact of the cost is highly rated and is anticipated to cost less than 300 Euros/m2 with a payback period of maximum 15 years. It is expected that the BIPV system will deliver 30% savings of the total 84.691 kWh used for electricity. Oil consumption will not be affected and no electricity is aimed for grid export. Features such as use of recycled and reused materials and easy connection to the grid are considered of moderate significance. EYDAP is keen on acquiring a smart energy system without the requirement of wireless sensors, energy storage and consumption systems. Less interest is given to the colour, size, transparency and flexibility of the BIPV system that will be used in both the roof and facade areas. The BIPV system can become rather complex with some additional features. EYDAP rates highly the simplicity of the BIPV system, answering that only the aesthetics feature is important to be incorporated in the system. To sum up, EYDAP places the efficiency of the system, on the top of the list of the ideal BIPV characteristics, followed by the cost of installation and aesthetics, whose impact is throughout the system’s life-cycle. Environmental-friendly materials are also in the list, with ease of installation and flexibility of the system to be of less importance. More specifically, EYDAP’s ambition is to reinforce the company’s sustainability and adopt sustainable solutions towards the reduction in its overall energy consumption and carbon footprint.



E. ALCN

ALCN is an Applied-Science company based in Austria in a building offering offices and workshops. ALCN’s answers to the “end-user questionnaire” shows that both the thermal and the physical characteristics are of moderate importance. However, among them the thermal insulation and flexibility of the BIPV system are of high importance as opposed to the acoustic insulation, space cooling, colour, size and shape. ALCN considers very significant the ease of the BIPV system to connect to the grid, together with the overall cost of installation. Same opinion is given to the environmental-friendly profile of the panel system, the ease of installation and dismantling as well as the maintenance required keeping the system in good operation. The BIPV is important to cost maximum up to 300 euros/m2, payback period in 10 years, and to be equipped with a smart energy system with wireless sensors and a monitoring feature. The BIPV installation is foreseen to successfully create 70% savings in the electricity expenses which are 5.400 euros (96.036 kWh) and will assist with overall reduction of the total expenditures in energy requirements; 4.751.000 L (3.534 euros) and 2.000L (1.864 euros) for natural gas and oil respectively. ALCN rates highly the SHC and DHW attributes despite their impact on increasing the complexity of the system. The ideal BIPV system shall be characterized by energy efficiency, low cost of installation and incorporation of recycled/reusable materials to promote an environmental-friendly profile of the system. Lower on the list of preferred attributes for the ideal BIPV system, are the ease of installation, flexibility and overall aesthetics. Integrating a BIPV system in the current building structure may require interventions and ALCN is keen on undergoing such during installation/dismantling and along the life-cycle of the system. ALCN have planned a building renovation in 2019 and the BIPV can be included in that plan of work. Finally, ALCN is a research company aiming at designing a holistic approach of sustainable housing hence installation of a BIPV system in its buildings would serve as role model for implementation to other buildings.

F. COOLH

Cool Haven is a construction company based in Portugal and filled the questionnaire for a building of 6 years old that consists of both offices and a factory. Regarding COOLH’s answers in the “end-user questionnaire”, modularity, space heating and DHW are of high importance despite the fact that the BIPV system would be complex whereas no interest is shown for the thermal and acoustic insulation. Space cooling, heat storage and its seasonality are of moderate interest. COOLH is intended to apply the BIPV system in both façade and roof of the building and among the physical/aesthetical characteristics major interest is shown to the aesthetic impact in general and to flexibility. Aesthetics is important for COOLH but in order to achieve higher energy efficiency the aesthetic profile of the panel becomes of a minor importance. The colour and the size/shape are of moderate importance and transparency is actually of low importance. Moreover, the use of recyclable materials is of high importance as well as the ease of maintenance of the installation. In contrast, moderate interest is shown to the ease of installation and the frequency of maintenance. The cost should not be higher than 300 euros/m2 and an expected payback time up to 5 years is anticipated.



Since the main energy source requirement is electricity, the BIPV system is expected to create 50% savings in the annual electricity consumption which is 23.000 kWh. The remaining portion will be exported to the grid. COOLH has already installed smart energy systems and is very keen on the use and installation of such systems as well as wireless sensors and any kind of energy storage system. In addition, interventions during installation and disassembling of the BIPV are welcome to take place during the construction and the restoration of the building. To sum up, COOLH mainly focuses on the energy efficiency and energy savings through the installation of a renewable energy system as well as to contribute to a clean energy production by using materials that can be reusable and recyclable. In addition, ease of installation, flexibility and aesthetics are also important but the overall focus of installing a BIPV system is to contribute to the sustainability of the environment.

Legal framework for each end user:

The main legislation directives regarding the renewable energy technologies like BIPV is the Energy Performance Directives (EPBD) that have to be performed from all countries and as a result legislation and building requirements are very similar among the countries. [1]

Conkat: Regarding the legislative framework of BIPVs in Greece according to Conkat in a gas station there are safety regulations and energy directives that have to be followed during the installation of PVs as well as occupancy permit and building or/and electrical permit are required. Also, grid feeding is permitted through the BIPV installation by national legislation.

VVMM: According to VVMM, in Spain there is a recent regulation (Oct 2018) which substantially favours the use of BIPV by local communities and housing owners in Spain in feeding the grid. Moreover, there are safety regulations and energy renewable directives to be followed in order to proceed in a BIPV installation as well as a building heritage regulation that the building needs to be confronted with. Also, integrated buildings do not exempt from the building height restrictions. Finally, occupancy certificate and building permit is required and the expected period for the approval of the building permit is 3 months.

EYDAP: According to EYDAP, for its office and laboratory there is national legislative framework in Greece that supports the energy launched from the BIPV system to be fed to the grid. Also, there are safety and energy standards and instructions that need to be followed as well as a heritage building law to be confronted with. Only occupancy permit is required.

ALCN: According to ALCN, in Austria there is a legislative procedure that permits the energy gained from the BIPV system to be fed to the grid and a relative electrical permit is required. An application to the local grid operator is required and upon verification further steps have to be followed as described in table 88. Moreover, energy instructions regarding the energetic behaviour of buildings (zero energy house, carbon footprint) have to be followed and is important that the integrated building is confronted with the townscape and the building height restrictions. BIPVs can also be applied to historical monuments.

COOLH: According to COOLH, in Portugal there are energy renewable directives and building height restrictions to be followed. There is no need for an occupancy permit but it is not clear if other permits or safety regulations are required.



7. Conclusion

The questionnaire “End user requirements” was distributed to different end-users interested in the incorporation of BIPV systems into their building structure, to promote cost savings and use of a more environmentally friendly energy source. Conkat, VVMM(1), VVMM(2), EYDAP, ALCN, COOLH completed the questionnaire and shared their results as mentioned in Section 6. Moreover, many partners of the project shared their feedback as well to the questionnaire.

Among end-users there was no clear pattern on the importance of physical characteristics of a BIPV system. Conkat and COOLH were strongly interested in the overall physical features of the panels to be installed as compared to the rest end-users. VVM2 and EYDAP were the end-users with the least showed interest on the colour, size, shape and flexibility of the intended to be installed BIPV system. In contrast, they showed more interest in the connection to the grid ease, a feature of the BIPV that also the rest end-users rated highly. However, BIPV systems can either feed the grid or they may be designed as stand-alone, off-grid systems (Strong, 2016).

The BIPV systems are characterized by their degree of modularity (Pierluigi Bonomo, 2015) and only Conkat and COOLH showed high interest in having a solar panel system that can be modified and reconstructed providing with some degree of flexibility of use. The use of prefabricated panels was seen as no important for COOLH as opposed to the other end-users.

Since the solar panels generate energy without the need of fossil fuels, they promote an environmentally friendly energy generation, preservation of global natural resources and further reduction of the global CO2 footprint (Strong, 2016). In a nutshell, all end-users showed interest in applying a more environmental approach in their BIPV systems composed by materials that can be recycled or be used in other applications in the future. Especially, COOLH and ALCN showed great interest in that approach. Going through the answers of the questionnaire, it was evident that all end-users expressed high interest in the ease of installation and maintenance of the BIPV systems. It was equally important the frequency of maintenance that will be required to maintain the panels operational all along their life-cycle. Special attention was also given in the cost impact of such intervention in the building with no one to consider it as of low interest, which shows how important is the cost of implementation to proceed with the BIPV installation in the core structure of the building. As the main purpose of the solar panels is to generate energy (Rebecca Jing Yang, 2016) all partners were moderately interested in acquiring a smart energy system to monitor and collect consumption data.

Furthermore, all end-users agreed on the importance of the energy efficiency of the integrated BIPV systems over their cost of installation. Comparably to this, it was also important the “ratio” of aesthetics versus the cost to incorporate the panels in the building structure. What was of least importance, was the link between aesthetics and energy efficiency, in contrast to the link between recycled/reused materials and total cost. Although BIPVs have high initial investment capital costs, there are significant long-term benefits for the end users and the whole society and indeed cost can be decreased with the support of government policy in order to promote the application of BIPV (Rebecca Jing Yang, 2016).



Moreover, In the questionnaire, the end-users were asked to complete and rank the features

of an ideal BIPV. Efficiency hit the top position for COOLH, ALCN, VVM2 and EYDAP whereas it

was placed second for VVM1 and third for Conkat. The latter end user considered aesthetics

as their most important feature of a BIPV system. Same opinion was shared by VVM1. Studies

have shown that module’s design should appeal to the end user which ultimately promote its

wide adaptation (Emrah Biyika, 2017). The cost of installation was ranked either in the second

or third position of preference with ease of installation and use of recycled/reused materials

to hit the fourth and fifth position. Low in the list of preference was placed the flexibility aspect

of the BIPV system. It is worth mentioning that the end-users who placed the energy efficiency

on the top of their preference list, put flexibility and aesthetics in the low tiers of their list,

which shows how important is for the end-users the actual energy generation over the

physical characteristics of the BIPV system.

Some Project Partners also shared their opinion and it is worth mentioning that in overall all the participants in the questionnaire expressed a greater interest in the technical implementation of the BIPV system rather than its physical characteristics. More specifically, total cost, connectivity ease to the main electricity grid and integration of reused and recycled materials were mentioned as highly important. Same opinion for the link between flexibility and cost but the modularity and flexibility of the BIPV were of less significance.

In addition, the questionnaire not only showed that there is a great dependency on the nature of the facility/building both on the application within the structure and its thermal characteristics. For instance, COOLH considers of no importance the thermal and acoustic insulation as opposed to Conkat that perceives highly these specific thermal characteristics. On the other side, it is high important for COOLH that its BIPV system can provide with Space heating and cooling whereas no and low importance in this feature is given by VVM1 and VVM2 respectively.

Furthermore, it is clearly obvious that all end users prefer the installation of the BIPV system to be implemented in one-stage to avoid interrupting and interfering with other ongoing operations. Also, it won’t affect much with the personnel management and will keep the cost at low levels.

Finally, it is of outmost significance for all end-users to adopt an environmental – friendly

identity. Therefore, there is a great focus in reduction of the carbon footprint in combination

with a decrease in energy consumption towards the reinforcement of nZEB regulations and

energy sustainable building solutions.



Appendix A: Questionnaires



CONKAT QUESTIONNAIRE

1 User’s General Data

1.1 Name of your company Conkat ATE

1.2 E-mail/Telephone [email protected]

1.3 Industry / Sector Oil/Gas/Energy/Construction/Facility management

2 User’s Location Data

2.1 Country Greece

2.2 City/Location Athens

3 User’s Building Data

3.1 Building use Gas station

3.2 Age of the building 10 Years

3.3 Mobility users (No - approximately)

4 Permanent

users 100/day visitors

4 Consumption

4.1 Electricity

4.1.1 Annual consumption 60000 kWh

4.1.2 Minimum consumption 14 kW per hour

4.1.3 Maximum consumption 38 kW per hour

4.1.4 Average consumption 17 (Kw) in day 18 (Kw) in night

4.2 Oil

4.2.1 Annual consumption 0 L

4.2.2 Minimum consumption 0 L per hour

4.2.3 Maximum consumption 0 L per hour

4.2.4 Average consumption 0 (L) in day 0 (L) in night

4.3 Natural Gas





5 Economical Data

5.1 Grid electricity cost - annual bill

60000

kWh euro

5.2 Oil cost - annually 0 L 0 euro

5.3 Natural Gas - annually 0 L 0 euro

mailto:[email protected]



6 Additional information

6.1 Free available space (m2)

on roof on façade

in surrounding area

parking

basement other

In the following questions of category 7, rate the ‘Thermal/structural characteristics in a multifunctional

BIPV system’ in 1 to 4 scale, with 1 being “no important” and 4 “very important”.

7 Thermal/structural characteristics

1 2 3 4

7.1 Thermal insulation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

7.2 Acoustic insulation ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

7.3 Modularity ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

7.4 Heat storage ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

7.5 Space heating ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

7.6 Space cooling ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

7.8 Use of heat excess for domestic hot water (DHW)?

☒ ☐ ☐ ☐

7.9 Seasonal storage ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐

7.10 What kind of installation do you need?

☐ facade ☐ roof ☒ both

In the following questions of category 8, rate the “Physical/Aesthetics characteristics in a multifunctional

BIPV system” in 1 to 4 scale, with 1 being “no important” and 4 “very important”.

8 Physical/Aesthetics characteristics

1 2 3 4

8.1 Aesthetic impact ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

8.2 Color ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

8.3 Size/shape ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

8.4 Transparency ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

8.5 Flexibility ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒



9 Energy characteristics

Not at all Very important

4 1 2 3

9.1 How important is easy grid connection?

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

9.2

What percentage of the electricity you generate do you expect to export to the grid rather than use at home/on site?

80 %

9.3 What is the capacity of the BIPV system you are expecting to install?

20 kW

9.4

What is the percentage of electricity saving you expect from the BIPV installation?

20 %

In the following questions of the category 10, rate the “Sustainability/circularity in a multifunctional


10 Sustainability/Circularity

1 2 3 4

10.1

Reuse/recycling of construction and demolition wastes in BIPV manufacture, of new and existing building

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

10.2 Environmental impact in the life cycle of BIPV system?

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

10.3 Ease of maintenance ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

10.4 Frequency of maintenance ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒




Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4

11.1 How important do you rate ease of installation?

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

11.2 How important do you rate the PV components to be able to be dismantled?

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

11.3

How important do you rate the delivery of the PV system prefabricated on site?

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

11.4 The BIPV installation work may affects the operation of the building?

☐ YES ☒ NO

11.5

Would you prefer the BIPV system to be installed in many phases or in one phase?

☒ Many phases ☒ One phase

WHY To avoid interrupting the operation of the building

12 The Domestic Hot Water (DHW) feature increases the complexity of the BIPV system. How important do you rate the DHW in your system given its impact on the simplicity of installation?

Not important = no DHW = Low

complexity 1

2

3

4

Very important = DHW = High complexity

5

☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐

13 The Space Heating - Cooling (SHC) feature increases the complexity of the BIPV system. How important do you rate the SHC in your system given its impact on the simplicity of installation?

Not important = no SHC = Low

complexity 1

2

3

4

Very important = SCH = High complexity

5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐



14 The aesthetics increases the complexity of the BIPV system. How important do you rate the aesthetics in your system given its impact on the simplicity of installation?

Not important = Low aesthetics = Low complexity

1

2

3

4

Very important = High aesthetics = High complexity

5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

15 Economy

Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4

15.1 How important do you rate cost impact in a BIPV block

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

15.2

Which range of costs would you consider as reasonable for an integrated BIPV component (which it may include a frame, structural and thermal components, heat mat and the PV module)?

☒ < 300 €/m2 ☐ > 300 €/m2

15.3

What is the maximum payback time you would be willing to accept for a BIPV system?

3 years

16 Legal aspects

Yes No Don’t Know

16.1

Is grid feeding permitted? ☒ ☐ ☐

If yes, which is the legal framework that allows connection of BIPV system to the grid?

☒

16.2 In a BIPV installation are there any safety regulations that have to be followed?

☒ ☐ ☐



If yes, which are these regulations?

According to county’s legislation ☐

16.3

Are there in your country any Energy Renewable Directives or Strandards/instructions that the building have to be confronted with in a BIPV installation?

☐ ☐ ☒

If yes, which are these Directives or Standards?

☐

16.4

Is there a building heritage law that the building should be confronted with?

☐ ☒ ☐

If yes, which is that law? ☐

16.5

Is a certificate of occupancy or similar permit required for the installation of a BIPV system?

☒ ☐ ☐

16.6

Are building integrated/roof mounted BIPV systems exempt from building height restrictions?

☐ ☐ ☒

If no, which is the threshold of the building’s height?

☒

16.7

Does your premises require a building permit or electrical permit or both for a BIPV system?

☒ ☐ ☐

Which are these permits? According to county’s legislation ☐

16.8

BIPV technology can be installed on historical monuments, if it is done in a specially designed way?

☐ ☒ ☐



17 Sensors/Controls

Not at all A lot 4 1 2 3

17.1

Would you be interested in a smart energy management system to monitor and collect consumption data of the facility?

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

Yes No

17.2

Is there already installed any smart energy system such as PLC, BEMS, etc?

☐ ☒

17.3

Is there already installed any monitoring system of energy consumption?

☐ ☒

17.4

Are you keen on the use of wireless sensors network to monitor the energy performance of the building?

☐ ☒

17.5

Are you interested in installing an energy storage system (e.g. batteries)

☒ ☐

18 Building intervention

18.1

Have you scheduled a renovation on your facility in the forthcoming period?

☐ YES ☒ NO

If yes, when?

Could you describe briefly the plan of works?

Could the BIPV installation be included in that plan? Explain



18.2 Are you keen on interventions in the building envelope?

☒ YES ☐ NO

18.3

Are you keen on works of uninstalling the BIPV system in case it is required and to restore the building as it used to be before the installation?

☒ YES ☐ NO

18.4

Is static control required for the adequacy of the building for the installation of the BIPV system?

☒ YES ☐ NO

The BIPV system is a multifunctional system offering many features to the user. It is up to the user to

select the degree of complexity of the BIPV. The system can be flexible, high/low efficient, incorporate

recycling/reusable materials and can be modified aesthetically to adapt perfectly to its background.

However, the degree of simplicity goes hand-in hand with the overall cost of the BIPV. In the question

19-23 please rate the importance of each specific feature, taking into account its impact on the total

price of the BIPV system.

19 How important do you rate the flexibility of BIPV?

Not important = Low flexibility =

Cheap 1

2

3

4

Very important = High flexibility =

Expensive 5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

20 How important do you rate the energy efficiency of BIPV?

Not important = Cheap = Low

efficiency 1

2

3

4

Very important = Expensive = High

efficiency 5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐



21 How important do you rate the use of recyclable/reusable materials in a BIPV?


recycling/reuse 1

2

3

4

Very important = Expensive = High recycling/reuse

5

☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐

22 How important do you rate Aesthetics feature of BIPV?

Not important = Cheap = poor

aesthetics

1

2

3

4

Very important = Expensive =

Excellent aesthetics

5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

23 How important do you rate Aesthetics over the Energy Efficiency of BIPV

Not important = Low aesthetics = High efficiency

1

2

3

4

Very important = High aesthetics =

Low efficiency 5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

24 Please fil the boxes with the preferred characteristics of your ideal BIPV system

24.1 From 1-6, with 1 being top priority and 6 low priority

4 Flexibility 6 Reuse/

Recycling

3 Energy

Efficiency 1 Aesthetics

2 Cost 5 Ease of

installation



24.2 Explain the prioritization chosen

The aesthetic is very important as company follows a common layout policy for all the gas stations. The cost is also a very important parameter, as the energy efficiency. Ease of installation and recyclability are important factors, but not as important as the rest.

25 There may have been many factors that influenced your decision to use PVs. Which was the most important to you? (e.g. to reduce the energy bill, to reduce dependence on outside energy sources, to live ‘green’ and/or reduce your carbon footprint etc).

The most important factors are the reduction of the energy consumption and the financial gains that it could cause, together with the reduction of the carbon footprint.

26

Please use this box to give us feedback on the questionnaire, to add comments and/or your additional enquiries.



VVMM(1) QUESTIONNAIRE


1.1 Name of your company OAL Viviendas Municipales de Bilbao

1.2 E-mail/Telephone [email protected] +34944132404

1.3 Industry / Sector Public company -Social Housing Organization


2.1 Country Spain

2.2 City/Location Bilbao


3.1 Building use Public services (administrative, research & training)

3.2 Age of the building 1962 (56 years old) / 1966 (52 years old)


5 Permanent

users 150 visitors

4 Consumption (It´s closed

4.1 Electricity

4.1.1 Annual consumption 187200

kWh =48 dwelling*3900

4.1.2 Minimum consumption 0.22 kW per hour

4.1.3 Maximum consumption 8.43 kW per hour


4.2 Oil

4.2.1 Annual consumption -0 L

4.2.2 Minimum consumption -0 L per hour

4.2.3 Maximum consumption -0 L per hour

4.2.4 Average consumption -0 (L) in day 0 (L) in night

4.3 Natural Gas





5 Economical Data


187200 kWh 990*48= 47520

euro








561m2 *0,3 (h> 1,75 m) 168 m2

on roof 495 m2 (5 floor)

on façade

101 in surrounding area

0 parking

280.5 basement 0 other




1 2 3 4

7.1 Thermal insulation ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

7.2 Acoustic insulation ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

7.3 Modularity ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

7.4 Heat storage ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

7.5 Space heating ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

7.6 Space cooling ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

7.9 Seasonal storage ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐






1 2 3 4


8.2 Color ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

8.3 Size/shape ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

8.4 Transparency ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

8.5 Flexibility ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐





4 1 2 3


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

9.2


60 %


kW

9.4


40 %




1 2 3 4

10.1


☐ ☒ ☐ ☐


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐






Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

11.3


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


☒ YES ☐ NO

11.5


☐ Many phases ☒ One phase

WHY Reduce the interferences between the different rehabilitation Works, and the inconveniences to the users



complexity 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐



complexity 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐





1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

15 Economy

Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

15.2


☒ < 300 €/m2 ☐ > 300 €/m2

15.3


4-10 years

16 Legal aspects

Yes No Don’t Know

16.1




☐



16.2

In a BIPV installation are there any safety regulations that have to be followed?

☒ ☐ ☐



☐

16.3


☒ ☐ ☒


The following legislation is relevant: • Real Decreto-ley 2/2013, de 1 de febrero, de medidas urgentes en el sistema eléctrico y en el sector financiero. • Ley 15/2012, de 27 de diciembre, de medidas fiscales para la sostenibilidad energética. • Real Decreto-ley 1/2012, de 27 de enero, por el que se procede a la suspensión de los procedimientos de pre asignación de retribución y a la supresión de los incentivos económicos para nuevas instalaciones de producción de energía eléctrica a partir de cogeneración, fuentes de energía renovables y residuos. • Real Decreto 1699/2011, de 18 de noviembre, por el que se regula la conexión a red de instalaciones de producción de energía eléctrica de pequeña potencia. • Real Decreto-ley 14/2010, de 23 de diciembre, por el que se establecen medidas urgentes para la corrección del déficit tarifario del sector eléctrico. • Real Decreto 1565/2010, de 19 de noviembre, por el que se regulan y modifican determinados aspectos relativos a la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica en régimen especial.

☐



• Real Decreto-ley 6/2009, de 30 de abril, por el que se adoptan determinadas medidas en el sector energético y se aprueba el bono social. • Real Decreto 1578/2008, de 26 de septiembre, de retribución de la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica mediante tecnología solar fotovoltaica. • Real Decreto 661/2007, de 25 de mayo, por el que se regula la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica en régimen especial. • Real Decreto 900/2015, de 9 de octubre, por el que se regulan las condiciones administrativas, técnicas y económicas de las modalidades de suministro de energía con autoconsumo y de producción con autoconsumo. • Ordenanza Municipal de Eficiencia Energética y Calidad Ambiental de los Edificios, publicado en el B.O. de Guipuzkoa el 5 de junio de 2016. • REAL DECRETO 314/2006, de 17 de marzo, por el que se aprueba el Código Técnico de la Edificación. (C.T.E.) • RD 842/2002 por el que se aprueba el REBT Reglamento Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión. • Real Decreto-ley 15/2018, de 5 de octubre, de medidas urgentes para la transición energética y la protección de los consumidores.

16.4


☒ ☐ ☐


16.5


☒ ☐ ☐

16.6 Are building integrated/roof mounted BIPV systems

☐ ☒ ☐



exempt from building height restrictions?


The height increase due to BIPV is not expected to be relevant.

☐

16.7


☒ ☐ ☐

Which are these permits? Yes, a building permit is required. The expected period for approval is 3 months.

☐

16.8


☐ ☒ ☐

17 Sensors/Controls


17.1


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

Yes No

17.2


☐ ☒

17.3


☐ ☒

17.4


☒ ☐

17.5


☒ ☐




18.1


☒ YES ☐ NO

If yes, when? 2019


.Contract the project may2019

.Approve it and contract Retrofitting work Dec 2019 .Works 2020


Yes. If we have enough information We can include the panel´s support basic/main conditions in the project &other technical prescriptions


☒ YES ☐ NO

18.3


☐ YES ☒ NO

18.4


☐ YES ☒ NO









Cheap 1

2

3

4


Expensive 5



☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐



efficiency 1

2

3

4


efficiency 5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐



recycling/reuse 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐



aesthetics

1

2

3

4



5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒



1

2

3

4


Low efficiency 5



☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐



☒ Flexibility ☒ Reuse/

Recycling

☐ Energy

Efficiency ☐ Aesthetics

☒ Cost ☒ Ease of

installation


It is a dwelling block and the panel will be seen in a ventilated façade, so one critically point is its image. The efficiency is the second level, because if it does not reduce the bill is not interesting. When dealing with social housing, the cost of material is very important and it should be equal the sum of a normal façade and the new facilities necessary to achieve that efficiency.


- Reduce the energy bill of the buildings and local communities. - Reduce the carbon footprint and contribute to the global turn towards zero emissions. - Pave the way for next nZEB (near Zero Energy Building regulations).



26


The questions are relevant and detailed. We suggest additional questions regarding potential barriers to PV installation due to:

- Current state of constructive elements in the case of retrofitting projects (structure, etc.). - Public procurement law (need to undertake long procurement processes, ensure open

concurrence, lack of control of selected contractors, etc.). - Social issues such as reaction of local communities to technological devices installed in the

buildings they actually inhabit, poor maintenance specially in cases of low income communities, etc.



VVMM(2) QUESTIONNAIRE


1.1 Name of your company Community of Houseowners (70% belongs to Bilbao – Viviendas)

1.2 E-mail/Telephone [email protected] +34 944132404

1.3 Industry / Sector Dwelling - Private sector


2.1 Country Spain

2.2 City/Location Bilbao


3.1 Building use residential

3.2 Age of the building 1962 (56 years old)


96=2,4*40 Average Occupancy *n. dwelling

Permanent users

20 visitors

4 Consumption

4.1 Electricity



4.1.3 Maximum consumption 5.39 kW per hour


4.2 Oil





4.3 Natural Gas





5 Economical Data


76290

kWh 7000 euro

5.2 Oil cost - annually 0 L euro

5.3 Natural Gas - annually 0 L euro






1016 m2 on roof 0 on façade

50m2 in surrounding area

0 parking

0 basement 0 other




1 2 3 4

7.1 Thermal insulation ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐


7.3 Modularity ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

7.4 Heat storage ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐

7.5 Space heating ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐

7.6 Space cooling ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐


☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

7.9 Seasonal storage ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐


☐ facade ☒ roof ☐ both




1 2 3 4

8.1 Aesthetic impact ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

8.2 Color ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

8.3 Size/shape ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

8.4 Transparency ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐



8.5 Flexibility ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐



4 1 2 3


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

9.2


50 %


50? kW

9.4


100 %




1 2 3 4

10.1


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐






Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

11.3


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


☒ YES ☐ NO

11.5



WHY Reduce the interferences between the different rehabilitation Works



complexity 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐



complexity 1

2

3

4


5



☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐



1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐

15 Economy

Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4


☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

15.2


☒ < 300 €/m2 ☐ > 300 €/m2

15.3


10 years

16 Legal aspects

Yes No Don’t Know

16.1



A very recent regulation (Oct 2018) substantially favours the use of BIPV by local communities and housing owners is Spain (Real Decreto-ley 15/2018, de 5 de octubre, de medidas urgentes para la transición

☐



energética y la protección de los consumidores)

16.2


☒ ☐ ☐



☐

16.3


☒ ☐ ☒


The following legislation is relevant: • Real Decreto-ley 2/2013, de 1 de febrero, de medidas urgentes en el sistema eléctrico y en el sector financiero. • Ley 15/2012, de 27 de diciembre, de medidas fiscales para la sostenibilidad energética. • Real Decreto-ley 1/2012, de 27 de enero, por el que se procede a la suspensión de los procedimientos de pre asignación de retribución y a la supresión de los incentivos económicos para nuevas instalaciones de producción de energía eléctrica a partir de cogeneración, fuentes de energía renovables y residuos. • Real Decreto 1699/2011, de 18 de noviembre, por el que se regula la conexión a red de instalaciones de producción de energía eléctrica de pequeña potencia. • Real Decreto-ley 14/2010, de 23 de diciembre, por el que se establecen medidas urgentes para la corrección del déficit tarifario del sector eléctrico. • Real Decreto 1565/2010, de 19 de noviembre, por el que se regulan y modifican determinados aspectos relativos a la actividad de producción

☐



de energía eléctrica en régimen especial. • Real Decreto-ley 6/2009, de 30 de abril, por el que se adoptan determinadas medidas en el sector energético y se aprueba el bono social. • Real Decreto 1578/2008, de 26 de septiembre, de retribución de la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica mediante tecnología solar fotovoltaica. • Real Decreto 661/2007, de 25 de mayo, por el que se regula la actividad de producción de energía eléctrica en régimen especial. • Real Decreto 900/2015, de 9 de octubre, por el que se regulan las condiciones administrativas, técnicas y económicas de las modalidades de suministro de energía con autoconsumo y de producción con autoconsumo. • Ordenanza Municipal de Eficiencia Energética y Calidad Ambiental de los Edificios, publicado en el B.O. de Guipuzkoa el 5 de junio de 2016. • REAL DECRETO 314/2006, de 17 de marzo, por el que se aprueba el Código Técnico de la Edificación. (C.T.E.) • RD 842/2002 por el que se aprueba el REBT Reglamento Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión. • Real Decreto-ley 15/2018, de 5 de octubre, de medidas urgentes para la transición energética y la protección de los consumidores.

16.4


☒ ☐ ☐


16.5


☒ ☐ ☐



16.6


☐ ☒ ☐


The height increase due to BIPV is not expected to be relevant.

☐

16.7


☒ ☐ ☐

Which are these permits? Yes, a building permit is required. The expected period for approval is 3 months.

☐

16.8


☐ ☒ ☐

17 Sensors/Controls


17.1


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

Yes No

17.2


☐ ☒

17.3


☐ ☒

17.4 Are you keen on the use of wireless sensors network to monitor the

☒ ☐



energy performance of the building?

17.5


☒ ☐


18.1


☒ YES ☐ NO

If yes, when? 2019


2018 do the project 2019 contract de work Retrofitting


Yes they are already included in the project


☒ YES ☐ NO

18.3


☐ YES ☒ NO

18.4


☐ YES ☒ NO











Cheap 1

2

3

4


Expensive 5

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐



efficiency 1

2

3

4


efficiency 5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒



recycling/reuse 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐



aesthetics

1

2

3

4



5

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐





1

2

3

4


Low efficiency 5

☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐



☐ Flexibility ☐ Reuse/

Recycling

☒ Energy

Efficiency ☐ Aesthetics

☐ Cost ☐ Ease of

installation


Efficiency Easy installation Cost Aestethic Reuse Flexibility


- Reduce the energy bill of the buildings and local communities. - Reduce the carbon footprint and contribute to the global turn towards zero emissions. - Pave the way for next nZEB (near Zero Energy Building regulations).



26


The questions are relevant and detailed. We suggest additional questions regarding potential barriers to PV installation due to:

- Current state of constructive elements in the case of retrofitting projects (structure, etc.). - Public procurement law (need to undertake long procurement processes, ensure open

concurrence, lack of control of selected contractors, etc.). - Social issues such as reaction of local communities to technological devices installed in the

buildings they actually inhabit, poor maintenance specially in cases of low income communities, etc.



EYDAP QUESTIONNAIRE


1.1 Name of your company Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company (EYDAP S.A.)

1.2 E-mail/Telephone [email protected]/0030-2102143273

1.3 Industry / Sector Water and wastewater management


2.1 Country Greece

2.2 City/Location Athens/Metamorfosi - 13,5 km National Road Athinon – Lamias Metamorfosi, 14451


3.1 Building use Office/Laboratory

3.2 Age of the building 25 years


9 Permanent

users 5 Visitors

4 Consumption

4.1 Electricity


4.1.2 Minimum consumption - kW per hour

4.1.3 Maximum consumption - kW per hour

4.1.4 Average consumption 232 per whole day

(Kw) in day - (Kw) in night

4.2 Oil


4.2.2 Minimum consumption - L per hour

4.2.3 Maximum consumption - L per hour

4.2.4 Average consumption - (L) in day - (L) in night

4.3 Natural Gas





5 Economical Data


84691 kWh 9014 Euro

5.2 Oil cost - annually 2000 L 1864 Euro



5.3 Natural Gas - annually - L - Euro



95m2 on roof 50m2 on façade

- in surrounding area

200m2 Parking

5m2 basement - Other




1 2 3 4

7.1 Thermal insulation ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


7.3 Modularity ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐


7.5 Space heating ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

7.6 Space cooling ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


☒ ☐ ☐ ☐



☐ facade ☐ roof ☒ Both




1 2 3 4

8.1 Aesthetic impact ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

8.2 Color ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

8.3 Size/shape ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐




8.5 Flexibility ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐



4 1 2 3


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

9.2


0 %


32 kW

9.4


30 %




1 2 3 4

10.1


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐






Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

11.3


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒


☐ YES ☒ NO

11.5



WHY In order to ensure lower personnel commitment



complexity 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐



complexity 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐





1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

15 Economy

Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

15.2


☐ < 300 €/m2 ☒ > 300 €/m2

15.3


< 15 Years

16 Legal aspects

Yes No Don’t Know

16.1



National law 3468/2006 ☐

16.2


☒ ☐ ☐


National law 3468/2006 ☐



16.3


☒ ☐ ☐


National law 2773/1999 National law 3468/2006 National law 3851/2010

☐

16.4


☒ ☐ ☐

If yes, which is that law? Ministerial Decision No 40158/2010 ☐

16.5


☒ ☐ ☐

16.6


☐ ☐ ☒


☒

16.7


☐ ☒ ☐

Which are these permits? No, according to national law 3851/2010

☐

16.8


☐ ☒ ☐



17 Sensors/Controls


17.1


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

Yes No

17.2


☐ ☒

17.3


☐ ☒

17.4


☐ ☒

17.5


☐ ☒


18.1


☒ YES ☐ NO

If yes, when? Probably during 2019-2020


Green wall installation


Yes, the two projects will act complementary to each other in increasing the sustainability of the office building of EYDAP




☒ YES ☐ NO

18.3


☐ YES ☒ NO

18.4


☒ YES ☐ NO









Cheap 1

2

3

4


Expensive 5

☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐



efficiency 1

2

3

4


efficiency 5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐





recycling/reuse 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐



aesthetics

1

2

3

4



5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐



1

2

3

4


Low efficiency 5

☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐




Recycling

1 Energy


2 Cost 5 Ease of

installation




EYDAP’s prioritization on energy efficiency and cost is self-explanatory. Ease of installation and flexibility of the BIPV modules, although very crucial, will preoccupy EYDAP only during installation whereas aesthetics and recyclability will be important during the whole life-cycle of the modules.

25 There may have been many factors that influenced your decision to use PVs. Which was the most important to you? (e.g. to reduce the energy bill, to reduce dependence on outside energy sources, to live ‘green’ and/or reduce your carbon footprint etc.).

EYDAP has launched an ambitious program based on upgrading existing facilities in order to reduce the company’s carbon footprint as well as the overall energy consumption. The installation of PVadapt building integrated photovoltaics will act complementary to the company’s sustainability venture demonstrating resource efficient and sustainable solutions to be adopted by other buildings and facilities of EYDAP.

26


The questionnaire is round and thorough. We would only like to note that our responses for the questions 16.1-16.8 concern PV systems in general, since Greece does not have a specific legislation for BIPV systems.



ALCN QUESTIONNAIRE


1.1 Name of your company alchemia-nova

1.2 E-mail/Telephone +43(1) 810 1000

1.3 Industry / Sector Applied science


2.1 Country Austria

2.2 City/Location Vienna


3.1 Building use Office, workshop, residential



18 Permanent

users 3 visitors

4 Consumption

4.1 Electricity



4.1.3 Maximum consumption 3 kW per hour

4.1.4 Average consumption 67225.2 (kWh) in day [70%]

28810.8 (kWh) in night [30%]

4.2 Oil

4.2.1 Annual consumption - L




4.3 Natural Gas




4.3.4 Average consumption 3325700 (L) in day [70%] 1425300 (L) in night [30%]

5 Economical Data


96036 kWh 5400 euro

5.2 Oil cost - annually - L - euro

5.3 Natural Gas - annually 4751000 L 3534.67 euro





141 on roof 35+8 on façade

620 in surrounding area [garden]

- parking

184 basement - other




1 2 3 4

7.1 Thermal insulation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒


7.3 Modularity ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


7.5 Space heating ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

7.6 Space cooling ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

7.9 Seasonal storage ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐






1 2 3 4

8.1 Aesthetic impact ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

8.2 Color ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐








4 1 2 3


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

9.2


0 %


46 kW

9.4


70 %




1 2 3 4

10.1


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒


10.4 Frequency of maintenance ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐




Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

11.3


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


☒ YES ☐ NO

11.5



WHY Easier to run the ongoing work processes



complexity 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒



complexity 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒





1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

15 Economy

Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

15.2


☒ < 300 €/m2 ☐ > 300 €/m2

15.3


10 years

16 Legal aspects

Yes No Don’t Know

16.1



Application for a grid-connection contract from the local grid operator. According to the Electricity Management and Organization Act (paragraph 20), grid operators are obliged to connect PV systems with priority to the grid. Upon verification of the grid capacity, the grid operator either approves by sending a

☐



contract, or makes it dependent on successful commissioning. If verification of grid capacity at the nearest possible connection point fails, the network operator offers to reinforce the grid at costs of the project applicant. Thus, formally, in most cases grid-connection is not refused. Necessary information for this step: - Technical system specification (AC power, peak power, transformer - if used) - Declaration of Conformity of the used equipment. Legal Reference: BGBl. I No. 110/2010 Electricity Management and Organization Act (and corresponding laws of the individual federal states); Technical conditions for connection (TAEV)

16.2


☒ ☐ ☐


The guidelines of the Austrian Association of Electricians (Österreichischer Verband der Elektrotechniker) set additional safety requirements which should be taken into account during the planning process of the construction of a PV installation. The measures outlined in the guidelines aim to provide the best prevention possible in case of fire inter alia for the emergent personnel and serve the authorities as a benchmark while evaluating the object-specific safeguards. Legal Reference: OVE Guidelines 11-1

☐

16.3


☒ ☐ ☐




A strong driver for the use of BiPV is the successive tightening of guidelines regarding the energetic behavior of buildings (zero energy house, carbon footprint). Legal reference: European Building Directive

☐

16.4


☐ ☒ ☐

If yes, which is that law?

No, but the city authority checks, that the BIPV does not “interfere” the townscape . (Wiener Bauordnung §85)

☐

16.5


☐ ☐ ☒

16.6


☒ ☐ ☐


☐

16.7


☒ ☐ ☐

Which are these permits? Electrical permit required, if you want to connect your BIPV to the electric grid.

☒

16.8


☒ ☐ ☐

17 Sensors/Controls


17.1 Would you be interested in a smart energy management

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒



system to monitor and collect consumption data of the facility?

Yes No

17.2


☐ ☒

17.3


☒ ☐

17.4


☒ ☐

17.5


☒ ☐


18.1


☒ YES ☐ NO

If yes, when? 2019-2022


Thermal insulation, biogas plant installation, water reuse with NBS, micro CHP


PVadapt modules are either combined with other renovation works or attached separately


☒ YES ☐ NO

18.3

Are you keen on works of uninstalling the BIPV system in case it is required and to restore the building as it used

☒ YES ☐ NO



to be before the installation?

18.4


☒ YES ☐ NO









Cheap 1

2

3

4


Expensive 5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒



efficiency 1

2

3

4


efficiency 5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒



recycling/reuse 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐





aesthetics

1

2

3

4



5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐



1

2

3

4


Low efficiency 5

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐




Recycling

1 Energy


2 Cost 4 Ease of

installation


The priority is energy efficiency, the main reason for the refurbishment. The investment must also have a return from an economic point of view and this therefore also includes the use of recycled or reused materials. The ease of installation is another important parameter both for the realization and for the subsequent maintenance, as well as the flexibility of the system. As for the aesthetics, it is sufficient that the BIPV system does not make the current visual arrangement worse, especially from the perspective of public roads.




As a research company focusing on circular economy in combination with nature-based solutions we want to show options for sustainable housing using our own building as role model for other

buildings. Reduction of energy bills, dependencies on outside energy sources, reduction of carbon footprint etc. are all driving factors for our work, but show only a section. The goal is to create a holistic approach to sustainable housing, always keeping in mind that housing is only

one part of unsustainable human practices.

26


Question 24.1 does not allow the answer required – it is only possible to set “x” instead of “1-6”.

Question 16.8- About historical monuments: BIPV can be installed, but may not be “visible”, may not effect with the historic townscape. The authorities are very strict in that point.



COOLH QUESTIONNAIRE


1.1 Name of your company COOL HAVEN – HABITAÇÕES MODULARES ECO-SUSTENTAVEIS, SA

1.2 E-mail/Telephone [email protected]

1.3 Industry / Sector Construction


2.1 Country Portugal

2.2 City/Location Antanhol / Coimbra


3.1 Building use Office / factory



12 Permanent

users 0 visitors

4 Consumption

4.1 Electricity


4.1.2 Minimum consumption 6 kWh per hour

4.1.3 Maximum consumption 10 kWh per hour

4.1.4 Average consumption 58 (Kwh) in day 5 (Kwh) in night

4.2 Oil





4.3 Natural Gas





5 Economical Data


23000

kWh 5760 euro








850 on roof 770 on façade

400 in surrounding area

0 parking

0 basement 0 other




1 2 3 4

7.1 Thermal insulation ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐

7.2 Acoustic insulation ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐

7.3 Modularity ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

7.4 Heat storage ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐

7.5 Space heating ☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

7.6 Space cooling ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒







1 2 3 4


8.2 Color ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


8.4 Transparency ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐






4 1 2 3


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

9.2


50 %


6 kW

9.4


50 %




1 2 3 4

10.1


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒


10.4 Frequency of maintenance ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐




Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐


☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

11.3


☒ ☐ ☐ ☐


☐ YES ☒ NO

11.5



WHY Better cost estimates.



complexity 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐



complexity 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

.





1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐

15 Economy

Not at all

Very important

1 2 3 4


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

15.2


☒ < 300 €/m2 ☐ > 300 €/m2

15.3


5 years

16 Legal aspects

Yes No Don’t Know

16.1

Is grid feeding permitted? ☐ ☐ ☒


☐

16.2 In a BIPV installation are there any safety regulations that have to be followed?

☐ ☐ ☒




☐

16.3


☒ ☐ ☐


☒

16.4


☐ ☒ ☐


16.5


☐ ☒ ☐

16.6


☒ ☐ ☐


☐

16.7


☐ ☐ ☒

Which are these permits? ☐

16.8


☐ ☐ ☒



17 Sensors/Controls


17.1


☐ ☐ ☐ ☒

Yes No

17.2


☒ ☐

17.3


☐ ☒

17.4


☒ ☐

17.5


☒ ☐


18.1


☐ YES ☒ NO

If yes, when?






☒ YES ☐ NO

18.3


☒ YES ☐ NO

18.4


☒ YES ☐ NO









Cheap 1

2

3

4


Expensive 5

☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐



efficiency 1

2

3

4


efficiency 5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐





recycling/reuse 1

2

3

4


5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐



aesthetics

1

2

3

4



5

☐ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐



1

2

3

4


Low efficiency 5

☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐



☐ 5 -Flexibility ☐ 2 -Reuse/ Recycling

☐ 1 -Energy Efficiency

☐ 6 -Aesthetics

☐ 3 -Cost ☐ 4 -Ease of

installation




Being the main goal the energy saving and clean energy production, we value more these fields. Cost, marketwise is important, and both flexibility and installation process can be perfected over time, much like the aesthetics.


All of the above, but mostly contribute to a more sustainable planet.

26


Accurate, but a bit difficult for the regular person to understand. Mostly in the technical part (grid feeding, percentage of utilized production, etc.), where you will use the data to estimate the client’s needs of PV installation area. For instance, in Portugal, when someone decides to step forward in such installations for their homes, usually the service provider (manufacturer) only ask for an energy invoice, and they do all the simulations.



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Directive 2010/31/EU, o. t. (2010, May 19). Official Journal of the European Union.

Emrah Biyika, M. A. (2017, May 5). A key review of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV)

systems. Engineering Science and Technology,an International Journal.

Floor J.W. Osseweijera, L. B. (2018, April 24). A comparative review of building integrated

photovoltaics ecosystems in selected European countries. Renewable and Sustainable

Energy Reviews.

Frontini, A. S. (2013). From BIPV to multifunctional building component. 28th European

Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition.

Nuria Martín-Chivelet, J. C.-A. (2018, July 1). Building Retrofit with Photovoltaics:

Constructionand Performance of a BIPV Ventilated Façade. energies.

Osseweijer, F. B. (2016, January 27). An international review of building integrated

photovoltaics.

Pierluigi Bonomo, A. C. ( 2015, December). Overview and analysis of current BIPV products:

new criteria for supporting the technological transfer in the building sector. VITRUVIO

- International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability.

Priscilla Salant, D. A. (1994). How to conduct your own survey. Wiley.

Rebecca Jing Yang, P. X. (2016, January). Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): costs,

benefits, risks, barriers and improvement strategy. International Journal of

Construction Management.

Strong, S. (2016). Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV).

d2.1 report on end user requirements€¦ · the d2.1 ^report on end-user requirements consists of...

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