1

Dairy Industry

Syed Sajid Sohail,11026A0148

2

COWS : Nine out of every ten glasses of milk consumed by people come from cows. BUFFALO:  buffalo produce half of the milk consumed in India. Ghee, a kind of liquid butter, is made from water buffalo milk.(53/ltr) GOAT: Some people find goat's milk easier to digest than cow's milk. Fat globules in goat's milk are smaller than in cow's milk. (100rs/ltr)

REINDEER: The fat content of reindeer milk is 22%, six times as much as cow's milk. It is the only source of milk in northern Scandinavia, because no other dairy animal can survive in such a cold, hostile environment. ( 3.99$/ltr)

HORSE: Over 700 years ago, Mongolian warriors made a dried-out concentrated paste from horse milk. When. In southeastern Russia, people use horse milk to make a alcoholic drink.(1800 rs/ltr)

CAMEL: In the hot desert, camel milk lasts longer than other types of milk. It can last for seven days at 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius), and will last for three months when properly refrigerated.(20 – 40 rs/ltr)

YAK, DONKEY etc. dairy are also present

3

the density of milk varies within the range of 1027 to 1033 kg /m3 at 20° C.The freezing point of milk is usually in the range of -0.512 to -0.550° C with an average of about -0.522° C.

The pH of milk at 25° C normally varies within a relatively narrow range of 6.5 to 6.7

The boiling point of milk is close to the boiling point of water, which is 100°C or 212°F at sea level, but milk contains additional molecules in it, so its boiling point is slightly higher. 

Properties

4

v. kurein

5

List of dairy plants in India

Maharashtra - 161 plantsUttar pradesh – 105 plantsGujarat - 44 plantsIn our state - 33 PLANTS

Creamline Dairy Products Limited ,Cream rich Milk Products , Dolphin Milk Products (P) Ltd. Durga Dairy, Jyothi Dairy Private Limited, Lotus Chocolate Company Ltd , Masqati Dairy Products Pvt. Ltd, Model Dairy ,Nirma Milk Products (P) Ltd, Nutrine Confectionery Co Ltd,Sri Godavari Food Products (P) Ltd, Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk Producers Company Ltd, Sri Vyshnavi Foods Pvt. Ltd, Tirumala Milk Pvt. Ltd. , Tirumala Milk Products Pvt. Ltd.

6

Products:

Milk

Milk Products – Fresh Milk Products - Long Shelf Life

Ice Cream

Beverages

7

Layout of Dairy Plant

8

9

Sources of Waste1)Receiving station2)Bottling station 3)Cheese plant4)Butter plant5)Casein plant6)Condensed milk plant7)Dried milk plant8)Ice cream plant9)Water softening plant10)Bottle and can cleaning

plant

10

Receiving station: farmers>large containers>transported to bottling or other plants

Bottling plant:Raw milk> cooling >clarification >filtration >pasteurization > bottlingWastes: milk drippings and chemicals for cleaning containers and equipment

Cheese plant:Cooled milk >placed in vat >starter and rennet are added > casein is separated > cheese barsWastes : w/w for cleaning utensils and floor

* starter= lactic acid

11

In the creamery process milk is heated to 30*c and cream is separated from milk

Butter plant:Pasteurized cream > add selected ripened acid > churned @7- 10*c > butter milk is drained out> packed for sale Wastes : w/w cleaning churns , butter milk, small quantity of butter

• Skimmed milk is sent for human conception• Milk powders are produced by drying• Spoiled milk is used to make casiens for some plastics

12

w/w characteristicspH ---- 6 to 7.2Alkalinity ---- 600 mg/lTotal dissolved solids ----- 1060 mg/lSuspended solids ----- 760 mg/lBOD ----- 1200 mg/lCOD ----- 1600 mg/lTotal nitrogen ------ 80 mg/lPhosphorous ------ 12 mg/lOil and grease ------ 300 mg/lChlorides ------ 100 mg/l

13

Treatment of w/w :Solid waste:Hardly any solid waste is produced by the dairy industry.

  * B.O.D / C.O.D > 0.6, i.e treated by biological processes like Trickling Filters, ASP, Oxidation Ponds• For better economics, the strength and volume of the

wastes are reduced. This is done by:• Prevention of spills, leakages, dropping of milks from cans• Reducing amount of water from washing• Segregating the uncontaminated cooling water and

recycling it• By utilizing butter milk and whey for production of dairy

products

14

Effects of Wastes on the receiving streams:• w/w is basically organic and alkaline in nature• If not treated then rapid depletion of D.O of stream occurs• Growth of sewage fungi• It also carries mycobacterium causing T.B• It becomes acidic due to decomposition of lactose to lactic

acid and is harmful to fishes

= 30,000 to 80,000 rupees= 2,00,000 glasses of milk= 50,000 liters of milk= 5* (10,000 ltrs capacity)

= 53rupees*50,000 = 26,50,000 rupees

15

References:• Waste-Water treatment by M.N.rao , A.K.Dutta• Industrial Water and Wastewater Management by Dr. K.V.S.G

murali krishna• www.heritagefoods.co.in• http://varshinidairyfarm.blogspot.in• http://www.fao.org

16

17