Bi tho lun hc phn Tng lun thng phm hc ___________ Nhm 8_Lp 1402ITOM1411MC LCLI M U1I. Khi qut mt s quy nh v t chc quc t v tiu chun v quy chun k thut.31.1. Ro cn k thut trong thng miTBT31.2. T chc Tiu chun ha quc t ISO ( International Organization for Standardization)41.3. y ban k thut in quc t IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)71.4. U ban Tiu chun Thc phm Codex Quc t CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission)7II. Khi qut v h thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam92.1. Khi nim tiu chun, quy chun k thut92.2. Khi qut v h thng Tiu chun ca Vit Nam92.3. Khi qut v h thng Quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam10III. Mt s quy nh lin quan n tiu chun hng ha ca EU.11IV. Mt s quy nh lin quan n tiu chun hng ha ca M.12V. nh gi s ph hp vi thc tin ca h thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam145.1. Tnh bao qut145.2. Tnh cng khai, minh bch145.3. Tnh khoa hc145.4. Tnh thng nht155.5. Tnh kh thi.16nh gi chung18VI. Mt s gii php xut nhm hon thin h thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam gn hn vi cc tiu chun v quy chun k thut chung ca th gii.196.1. Cc gii php cp quc gia196.2. cp doanhnghip196.3. cp aphng20TI LIU THAM KHO22

LI M U

Xu hng ton cu ha ang ngy cng lan rng trn khp cc lnh vc, trn khp cc quc gia v vng lnh th trn th gii. T do ho thng mi l mt trong nhng biu hin ca hin tng ton cu ha trong lnh vc kinh t. N th hin thng qua vic cc quc gia, c bit l cc nc cng nghip pht trin, n lc tin hnh cc cuc m phn nhm ct gim v tin dn n xa b hon ton hng ro thu quan ti cc quc gia, gp phn to iu kin thun li cho vic lu thng hng ha, m ca th trng.Tuy nhin, t do ha trong thng mi cng mang n khng t ri ro cho th trng ni a ca tng quc gia. Mc d ln ting ng h quan im t do ha nhng hn l khng mt Chnh ph no li d dng chp nhn vic cc doanh nghip nc nh b yu th hn so vi cc doanh nghip nc ngoi trn th trng quc gia mnh. Bi vy, h a ra cc bin php tinh vi iu tit c dng vn ng hng ha ngoi thng ni chung, cng nh chung bo h nn sn xut trong nc. H thng tiu chun quy chun k thut c xy dng p dng nh l mt trong nhng hng ro thng mi, l cng c hu hiu gip Chnh ph cc quc gia t c mc ch ca mnh.Vit Nam, trong xu hng hi nhp nn kinh t, khng trnh khi vic phi tin hnh ct gim v xa b thu quan, hn nghch. V vy, Chnh ph tin hnh xy dng v ban hnh h thng tiu chun, quy chun k thut, nhm m bo cht lng hng ha, quyn li ca ngi tiu dng, ng thi cng c tc dng iu tit dng hng ha ra vo th trng Vit Nam.Vi ti "T thc tin hy nh gi h thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam ni chung. a ra mt s tng gip h thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam gn hn vi cc tiu chun v quy chun k thut chung ca th gii", nhm 8 tin hnh nghin cu nh gi s ph hp ca h thng tiu chun, quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam vi thc tin th trng hng ha Vit Nam ni chung, so snh vi h thng tiu chun k thut ca quc t, t kin ngh mt vi tng gip h thng ny hon thin v gn hn vi cc quy nh, tiu chun ca quc t.

I. Khi qut mt s quy nh v t chc quc t v tiu chun v quy chun k thut.1.1. Ro cn k thut trong thng miTBT Khi mt quc gia mun xut khu sn phm ca nc mnh ra nc ngoi, ngoi vic sn phm p ng c cc quy nh, tiu chun k thut trong nc cn phi ph hp vi cc quy nh v tiu chun k thut ca cc nc nhp khu. y mi chnh l yu t quyt nh n vic sn phm ca quc gia c xut khu c hay khng cng nh c th c th trng nc nhp khu chp nhn hay khng.Thut ng "Ro cn k thut trong thng mi" hay "Hng ro k thut trong thng mi" (TBT - Technical Barriers to Trade) ch cctiu chun, quy chun k thutm mt nc p dng i vi hng ho nhp khu cngquy trnh nhm nh gi s ph hpca hng ho nhp khu i vi cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut . Cc bin php k thut ny v nguyn tc l cn thit v hp l nhm bo v nhng li ch quan trng nh sc kho con ngi, mi trng, an ninh... Tuy nhin, trn thc t, chng c th l nhng ro cn tim n i vi thng mi quc t bi chng c th c nc nhp khu s dng bo h cho sn xut trong nc, gy kh khn cho vic thm nhp ca hng ho nc ngoi vo th trng nc nhp khu.WTO c vn bn quy nh v ni dung ny, l Hip nh v cc Ro cn k thut trong thng mi (Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade). Hip nh TBT a ra ccnguyn tc v iu kinm cc nc thnh vin WTO phi tun th khi ban hnh v p dng cc quy chun, tiu chun k thut hay cc quy trnh nh gi hp chun, hp quy ca hng ho.*Mt s thut ng c gii thch trong Hip nh TBT (ti Ph lc 3) Php quy k thut Vn bn quy nh cc c tnh ca sn phm hoc cc qu trnh c lin quan n sn phm v phng php sn xut, bao gm c cc iu khon hnh chnh thch hp, m vic tun th chng l bt buc. Vn bn ny cng c th bao gm hoc gn lin vi thut ng, biu tng, cch thc bao gi, dn nhn hoc ghi nhn p dng cho mt sn phm, quy trnh hoc phng php sn xut nht nh. Tiu chun Vn bn do mt c quan c tha nhn ban hnh s dng rng ri v lu di, trong quy nh cc quy tc, hng dn hoc cc c tnh i vi sn phm hoc cc quy trnh v phng php sn xut c lin quan, m vic tun th chng l khng bt buc. Vn bn ny cng c th bao gm hoc gn lin vi thut ng, biu tng, cch thc bao gi, dn nhn hoc ghi nhn p dng cho mt sn phm, quy trnh hoc phng php sn xut nht nh.* i tng p dng ca tiu chun k thut L tt c cc sn phm, bao gm sn phm cng nghip v nng nghip, thng l: my mc thit b, cc sn phm tiu dng, nguyn liu v cc sn phm phc v nng nghip.* Cc ni dung thng c nu trong tiu chun k thut: Cc c tnh ca sn phm (bao gm c c tnh v cht lng). Cc quy trnh v phng php sn xut (PPMs) c nh hng/tc ng n c tnh ca sn phm. Cc thut ng, k hiu. Cc yu cu v ng gi, ghi nhn mc p dng cho sn phm* Cc mc tiu hp php ca cc bin php k thut Bo v sc khe v an ton cho ngi tiu dng. Bo v i sng ca ng thc vt. Bo v mi trng. Ngn chn cc thng tin khng chnh xc. Cc mc ch khc lin quan n cc quy nh v cht lng, hi ha ha...* Nguyn tc hot ng trong ban hnh tiu chun k thut Khng a ra nhng cn tr khng cn thit n hot ng thng mi. Khng phn bit i x. Hi ha ha. Bnh ng Cng nhn ln nhau. Minh bch.

1.2. T chc Tiu chun ha quc t ISO ( International Organization for Standardization)T chc tiu chun ha quc t ISO l lin on quc t ca cc c quan tiu chun ho quc gia, l mt t chc c lp, phi chnh ph v l t chc tiu chun ho ln nht ca th gii hin nay. Mc tiu ca ISO l thc y s pht trin ca cng tc tiu chun ho v cc hot ng c lin quan nhm to thun li cho vic trao i hng ho v dch v trn phm vi ton th gii cng nh gp phn vo vic pht trin s hp tc trong lnh vc tr tu, khoa hc, cng ngh v kinh t. Kt qu ca cc hot ng k thut ca ISO l cc tiu chun quc t ISO. Phm vi hot ng ca ISO bao trm tt c cc lnh vc, tr in v in t thuc phm vi trch nhim ca U ban K thut in Quc t (IEC).ISO c thnh lp nm 1946 ti Lun n nhng chnh thc bt u hot ng t ngy 23/02/1947. Ban Th k Trung tm ca ISO t ti Geneva, Thy S chu trch nhim iu phi h thng t chc. Tnh n nm 2011 ISO c 164 thnh vin. Ngoi ra cn c 618 t chc quc t c quan h vi cc Ban K thut v Tiu ban k thut ca ISO.Tnh n ngy 31 thng 11 nm 2011, ISO xy dng c 19.023 Tiu chun quc t v cc ti liu dng tiu chun. Cc Tiu chun Quc t ny cung cp nhng tiu chun hin i cho cc sn phm, dch v v thc hnh tt, gip nng cao hiu sut v hiu qu ca ngnh cng nghip; c xy dng da trn s ng thun trn ton th gii. VitNam(i din l Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng) tham gia ISO t nm 1977 v c nhng ng gp nht nh cho t chc ny. Phi lu rngt chc ISOxy dng cc Tiu chun Quc t, nhng t chcISOkhng chng nhn cho bt k tiu chun no mnh xy dng. Thay vo , vic nh gi chng nhn s c tin hnh bi cct chc chng nhn, cc t chc ring. Do , khng c t chc hay cng ty no c chng nhn bi t chcISO.Khi mt cng ty hay t chc c chng nhn theo mt tiu chunISO, h s nhn c mt chng ch t t chc chng nhn. Mc d trn chng ch c tn tiu chunISOnhng khng phi t chcISO cp chng ch .

* Gii thiu mt s tiu chun ISO B tiu chun ISO 9000 (bao gm ISO 9000:2005, ISO 9001:2008, ISO 9004:2009, ISO 19011:2011) l b tiu chun quc t v h thng qun l cht lng, p dng cho mi mi loi hnh t chc, doanh nghip nhm m bo kh nng cung cp sn phm p ng yu cu khch hng v lut nh mt cch n nh v thng xuyn nng cao s tho mn ca khch hng. Trong cc tiu chun thuc b tiu chun ISO 9000, ISO 9001:2008 l tiu chun c s dng nh gi h thng qun l cht lng ca mt t chc v cp chng ch ph hp. Tiu chun ny quy nh cc nguyn tc c bn qun l cc hot ng trong t chc, doanh nghip v vn cht lng thng qua 5 yu cu v: h thng qun l cht lng, trch nhim ca lnh o, qun l ngun lc, to sn phm, o lng, phn tch v ci tin. Xy dng h thng qun l cht lng theo ISO 9001:2008 s gip cc t chc, doanh nghip thit lp c cc quy trnh chun kim sot cc hot ng, ng thi phn nh r vic, r ngi trong qun l, iu hnh cng vic. Mt h thng qun l cht lng tt khng nhng gip nng cao cht lng, hiu qu hot ng v s tha mn ca khch hng v cn gip o to cho nhn vin mi tip cn cng vic nhanh chng hn. B tiu chun ISO 14000 (bao gm ISO 14001, ISO 14004, ISO 14010, ISO 14011, ISO 14012) l b tiu chun v qun l mi trng nhm gip cc t chc, doanh nghip gim thiu tc ng gy tn hi ti mi trng v thng xuyn ci tin kt qu hot ng v mi trng. B tiu chun ISO 14000 cp n 6 lnh vc: h thng qun l mi trng, kim tra mi trng, nh gi kt qu hot ng mi trng, ghi nhn mi trng, nh gi chu trnh sng ca sn phm, cc kha cnh mi trng trong tiu chun ca sn phm. ISO 14001l tiu chun nm trong b tiu chun ISO 14000, quy nh cc yu cu i vi mt H thng qun l mi trng. Cc yu t ca h thng c chi tit ho thnh vn bn. N l c s c quan chng nhn nh gi v cp giy chng nhn cho c s c h thng qun l mi trng ph hp vi ISO 14001. ISO 14001 ang c s dng bi t nht 223149 t chc trn 160 quc gia v nn kinh t. B tiu chun ISO 22000 l b tiu chun an ton thc phm quc t, c chp nhn v c gi tr trn phm vi ton cu. Mt doanh nghip trong chui cung cp thc phm p dng v t c chng ch ISO 22000 c nhn nhn l mt n v c h thng qun l tt an ton v sinh thc phm v m bo cung cp cc sn phm thc phm an ton, cht lng cho ngi tiu dng. Tiu chun ny nhm cung cp mt h thng qun l an ton thc phm ton din bao gm cc yu cu v qun l ti liu h s, cam kt ca lnh o, qun l ngun lc, hoch nh v to sn phm an ton, kim tra xc nhn, xc nh ngun gc, trao i thng tin v ci tin h thng. OHSAS 18000 : H thng Qun l An ton v Sc khe ngh nghip ISO 27000: H thng Qun l An ninh thng tin ISO/IEC 17025: Nhng yu cu chung v nng lc ca phng th nghim v hiu chun ISO 15189: H thng qun l phng th nghim y t.Trong h thng tiu chun ca Vit Nam, c mt s tiu chun tng ng vi cc tiu chun ISO c ban hnh nh: TCVN ISO 9001:2008 tng ng vi ISO 9001 TCVN ISO 14001:2010 tng ng vi ISO 14001 TCVN ISO 22000:2007 tng ng vi ISO 22000 TCVN 7782:2008 tng ng vi ISO/IEC 17025V nhiu tiu chun, quy chun k thut khc c xy dng da trn cc tiu chun ca ISO.

1.3. y ban k thut in quc t IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) IEC l t chc quc t v tiu chun ho c thnh lp sm nht trn th gii (nm 1906). Mc tiu ca IEC l thc y s hp tc quc t v tiu chun ho trong lnh vc in - in t v cc vn c lin quan nh: Chng nhn s ph hp tiu chun in v h tr cho thng hiu quc t. IEC c mi quan h hp tc cht ch vi nhiu t chc tiu chun ho v chuyn mn quc t nh: ISO, Lin minh Vin thng quc t - ITU; Ban Tiu chun ho K thut in Chu u - CENELEC. c bit, gia IEC v ISO thit lp mt tho thun v phm vi hot ng ca mi t chc. Theo tho thun ny, phm vi hot ng ca IEC bao gm tiu chun ho trong lnh vc in - in t. ISO v IEC phi hp thnh lp mt Ban k thut hn hp v cng ngh thng tin c t trong c cu cc c quan k thut ca ISO (ISO/IEC/JTC1).Tnh n nm 2013, IEC c 82 nc thnh vin; trong c 59 thnh vin y v 23 thnh vin lin kt. Cui nm 2011, VitNam c chp nhn l thnh vin lin kt ca t chc IEC vi i din l Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng.Hot ng chnh ca IEC l xy dng v ban hnh cc tiu chun quc t IEC v cc bo co k thut. Cc tiu chun IEC hin c p dng rng ri nhiu nc trn th gii, c cc nc chp nhn thnh tiu chun quc gia, c vin dn khi son tho cc h s d thu v hp ng thng mi. Ngoi vic xy dng v ban hnh tiu chun quc t IEC, IEC cn duy tr cc h thng nh gi s ph hp vi tiu chun IEC, l: IECEE: H thng th nghim v chng nhn s ph hp ton cu cho cc thit b v linh kin k thut in. IECQ: H thng nh gi cht lng linh kin in. IECEx: H thng chng nhn vi tiu chun lin quan n thit b in dng trong mi trng d chy n.1.4. U ban Tiu chun Thc phm Codex Quc t CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission) U ban Tiu chun Thc phm Codex Quc t CAC do T chc Nng lng Th gii (FAO) v T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) ng sng lp vo nm 1963 nhm xy dng v ban hnh cc tiu chun thc phm quc t, cc hng dn v thc phm v cc ti liu lin quan nh quy phm thc hnh theo Chng trnh Tiu chun Thc phm ca FAO/WHO. Mc tiu ca CAC l xy dng, ban hnh tiu chun thc phm hng ti bo v sc kho ngi tiu dng v m bo tnh cng bng trong thng mi quc t v thc phm v thc y cc t chc chnh ph v phi chnh ph trong vic xy dng cc tiu chun v thc phm. Bn cnh , CAC cn ban hnh nhng quy phm thc hnh, hng dn, cc bin php khuyn ngh nhm h tr, chi tit ho cc yu cu v thc phm, gp phn minh bch ho, hi ho v thun li ho thng mi quc t.Gia CAC v ISO c mt tho thun chung v phm vi tiu chun ho trong lnh vc thc phm ca hai t chc, trong Ban k thut ISO/TC 34 ca ISO ch ch yu xy dng cc tiu chun v phng php th, cn CAC - xy dng cc tiu chun v cc ch tiu k thut c th ca sn phm.Hin ti, CAC c 186 thnh vin. CAC trin khai hot ng k thut ca mnh thng qua 24 Ban k thut tiu chun, Nhm c trch v cc Ban iu phi khu vc. Vit Nam tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc ca CAC t nm 1989. y ban Tiu chun Thc phm Vit Nam (gi tt l y ban Codex Vit Nam) l t chc Quc gia lin ngnh do B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ch tr, c chc nng tham mu v cng tc tiu chun ha cho cc c quan qun l nh nc c lin quan n thc phm; thay mt Chnh ph Vit Nam tham gia cc hot ng v tiu chun thc phm ca cc t chc quc t v khu vc; ng thi xut cc chnh sch qun l cht lng v v sinh an ton thc phm Vit Nam theo xu hng ha nhp vi tiu chun quc t. Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thuc B Khoa hc v Cng ngh l c quan thng trc ca U ban Codex Vit Nam c trch nhim iu phi cc hot ng ca U ban thng qua Vn phng U ban Codex Vit Nam.Trong h thng tiu chun ca Codex hin nay gm c hn 100 tiu chun, hng dn v quy phm thc hnh v an ton v sinh thc phm, hn 200 tiu chun v cht lng thc phm, 1.777 iu khon v ph gia thc phm, 3.086 mc d lng ti a i vi thuc bo v thc vt, 481 mc d lng ti a i vi thuc th y trong thc phm. HACCP - H thng phn tch mi nguy v im kim sot ti hn, l mt h thng cc bin php nhm ch ng phng nga ton din v hiu qu trong qu trnh sn xut t nguyn liu - bn thnh phm - thnh phm, kim sot cc yu t nh xng, trang thit b, cng ngh, mi trng, con ngi tham gia qu trnh v c bit phn tch, xc lp v t chc kim sot cc im trng yu d pht sinh trong qu trnh trnh nhng ri ro lin quan n v sinh an ton thc phm, do y ban tiu chun ha thc phm CODEX ban hnh. N c T chc Thng mi th gii (WTO) yu cu tt c cc nc thnh vin v cc nc trong qu trnh gia nhp WTO p dng chng, coi y l phng tin kim sot an ton thc phm trong thng mi th gii.

II. Khi qut v h thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam2.1. Khi nim tiu chun, quy chun k thutLut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam (c hiu lc t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2007) a ra cch hiu nh sau:Tiu chunl quy nh v c tnh k thut v yu cu qun l dng lm chun phn loi, nh gi sn phm, hng ho, dch v, qu trnh, mi trng v cc i tng khc trong hot ng kinh t - x hi nhm nng cao cht lng v hiu qu ca cc i tng ny.Tiu chun do mt t chc cng b di dng vn bn t nguyn p dng.Quy chun k thutl quy nh v mc gii hn ca c tnh k thut v yu cu qun l m sn phm, hng ho, dch v, qu trnh, mi trng v cc i tng khc trong hot ng kinh t - x hi phi tun th bo m an ton, v sinh, sc kho con ngi; bo v ng vt, thc vt, mi trng; bo v li ch v an ninh quc gia, quyn li ca ngi tiu dng v cc yu cu thit yu khc.Quy chun k thut do c quan nh nc c thm quyn ban hnh di dng vn bn bt buc p dng.2.2. Khi qut v h thng Tiu chun ca Vit Nam* Cu trc ca H thng Tiu chun Vit Nam Theo Lut Tiu chun v quy chun k thut, h thng Tiu chun Vit Nam gm: Tiu chun quc gia, k hiu l TCVN Tiu chun c s, k hiu l TCCS* Cc loi tiu chun Tiu chun c bn quy nh nhng c tnh, yu cu p dng chung cho mt phm vi rng hoc cha ng cc quy nh chung cho mt lnh vc c th. Tiu chun thut ng quy nh tn gi, nh ngha i vi i tng ca hot ng trong lnh vc tiu chun. Tiu chun yu cu k thut quy nh v mc, ch tiu, yu cu i vi i tng ca hot ng trong lnh vc tiu chun. Tiu chun phng php th quy nh phng php ly mu, phng php o, phng php xc nh, phng php phn tch, phng php kim tra, phng php kho nghim, phng php gim nh cc mc, ch tiu, yu cu i vi i tng ca hot ng trong lnh vc tiu chun. Tiu chun ghi nhn, bao gi, vn chuyn v bo qun quy nh cc yu cu v ghi nhn, bao gi, vn chuyn v bo qun sn phm, hng ho.Tnh n ht nm 2006, tng s TCVN ban hnh l hn 8000. Tuy nhin, trong s nhiu tiu chun hu b hoc c sot xt thay th, v vy H thng Tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh khong 6000 TCVN. 2.3. Khi qut v h thng Quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam* Cu trc ca h thng Quy chun k thut ca Vit NamTheo Lut Tiu chun v quy chun k thut, h thng Quy chun k thut Vit Nam gm: Quy chun k thut quc gia, k hiu l QCVN; Quy chun k thut a phng, k hiu l QCP.* Cc loi quy chun k thut Quy chun k thut chung bao gm cc quy nh v k thut v qun l p dng cho mt lnh vc qun l hoc mt nhm sn phm, hng ho, dch v, qu trnh. Quy chun k thut an ton bao gm: Cc quy nh v mc, ch tiu, yu cu lin quan n an ton sinh hc, an ton chy n, an ton c hc, an ton cng nghip, an ton xy dng, an ton nhit, an ton ha hc, an ton in, an ton thit b y t, tng thch in t trng, an ton bc x v ht nhn; Cc quy nh v mc, ch tiu, yu cu lin quan n an ton v sinh thc phm, an ton dc phm, m phm i vi sc kho con ngi; Cc quy nh v mc, ch tiu, yu cu lin quan n v sinh, an ton thc n chn nui, phn bn, thuc bo v thc vt, thuc th y, ch phm sinh hc v ho cht dng cho ng vt, thc vt. Quy chun k thut mi trng quy nh v mc, ch tiu, yu cu v cht lng mi trng xung quanh, v cht thi. Quy chun k thut qu trnh quy nh yu cu v v sinh, an ton trong qu trnh sn xut, khai thc, ch bin, bo qun, vn hnh, vn chuyn, s dng, bo tr sn phm, hng ha. Quy chun k thut dch v quy nh yu cu v an ton, v sinh trong dch v kinh doanh, thng mi, bu chnh, vin thng, xy dng, gio dc, ti chnh, khoa hc v cng ngh, chm sc sc kho, du lch, gii tr, vn ho, th thao, vn ti, mi trng v dch v trong cc lnh vc khc.Theo thng k ca Tng Cc o lng tnh n ngy 25 thng 12 nm 2012, nh nc ta ban hnh 343 Quy chun k thut Vit Nam.

III. Mt s quy nh lin quan n tiu chun hng ha ca EU.Hin ti EU ang to ra cc tiu chun thng nht v hi ho cho ton EU i vi cc lnh vc sn phm chnh nhm thay th hng ngn cc tiu chun quc gia khc nhau. Tuy nhin cc quc gia thnh vin c php a ra thm cc yu cu cho ngnh cng nghip ca mnh. Tuy nhin, nu sn phm no p ng c nhng yu cu ti thiu s c cho php lu hnh t do ti EU. CENELEC, CEN v ETSI l 3 c quan tiu chun ho ca Chu u, a ra cc tiu chun ca Lin minh chu u (EU) trong tng lnh vc ring bit v to ra H thng tiu chun ho Chu u.Hng ha a vo lu thng trong th trng EU khng ch phi tha mn cc yu cu v cht lng m cn phi p ng cc tiu chun v mi trng, trch nhim x hi,. Cc tiu chun hng ha ca EU tun th cht ch Hip nh v Ro cn k thut trong thng mi TBT v cc tiu chun ca cc t chc tiu chun quc t nh ISO, IEC, thm ch c nhng mc quy nh k thut cao hn, cht ch hn. Bn cnh , cc tiu chun ca EU cn hng n s thn thin vi mi trng nh bao b, nhn sinh thi c bit l nhm nng sn v thc phm, cc quy nh bt buc l cc tiu chun v cht lng, cc vt liu t nha tip xc vi thc phm, ng gi, bo v mi trng rt kht khe... tri cy mun vo th trng ny phi t chng nhn Thc hnh nng nghip tt ton cu Global GAP. Nhn CE (European Conformity) l tuyn b v trch nhim ca nh sn xut. Du CE c in trn sn phm ng ngha vi vic cng b sn phm tha nhng yu cu ca chu u, v c chp nhn ti hu ht cc nc trn th gii. Chng nhn CE l bt buc i vi hng ha v c coi nh h chiu thng mi vo th trng Chu u (v c mt s nc khc ngoi Chu u nh M, Malaysia, c, Iran). Nu khng c chng nhn CE th hng ha s b Hi quan nc nhp khu thu gi v khng cho php hng ha lu thng vo nc ca h. Tuy nhin tiu chun CE khng phi l tiu chun v cht lng sn phm m l cc tiu chun v an ton. Mt sn phm t tiu chun CE iu ni ln rng sn phm ny t an ton cho ngi s dng theo tiu chun ca Chu u. Tuy nhin, khi sn xut sn phm theo tiu chun CE, cc khu iu c kim sot cht ch, mi th tr nn bi bn v c quy nh r rng c th nn v hnh chung gip trnh cc sai xt khng ng c, nn sn phm c cht lng hn v mu m cng s p hn.Tiu chun trch nhim x hi ca doanh nghip SA 8000 (Social Accountability) l tiu chun a cc yu v qun tr trch nhim x hi do Hi ng cng nhn Quyn u tin Kinh t c ban hnh nm 1997. y l mt tiu chun quc t c xy dng nhm ci thin iu kin lm vic trn ton cu, c xy dng da trn cc Cng c ca T chc lao ng Quc t, Cng c ca Lin Hip Quc v Quyn Tr em v Tuyn b Ton cu v Nhn quyn. doanh nghip c chng nhn SA 8000 s phi gii trnh v cc vn nh: an ton sc khe ti ni lm vic, s dng lao ng tr em, thi gian lm vic, lng v cc phc li x hi, qun l doanh nghip, quan h vi cng ng dn c

Ti Vit Nam, cc sn phm c chng nhn ph hp vi quy chun k thut quc gia c gn du hp quy CR, trong c m bo him, chi tr em, thit b in v in t, l nhng mt hng bt buc phi c du CR khi lu thng trn th trng... Tuy nhin vic kim sot cht lng hng ha trn th trng Vit Nam cn lng lo, tn ti nhiu hn ch, cc sn phm u c du hp quy CR cha ph bin, hoc c du nhng l du giTheo tng cc Tiu chun o lng cht lng, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh, hin Vit Nam mi ch c 5% sn phm tiu dng, dch v tiu chun dn nhn sinh thi. Hin Vit Nam cha c quy nh bt buc cng nh cha c tin l dn nhn sinh thi sn phm hng ho, nhng trong nc xut hin cc sn phm, dch v thn thin vi mi trng v c nhng sn phm dch v c nhu cu c cp nhn sinh thi, qung b cho cc n lc bo v mi trng ca mnh.Vit Nam cng c quy nh cht ch v vic ghi nhn hng ha. Mt s ni dung v ghi nhn c th k ra nh: cc thng tin thuc ni dung bt buc gm tn hng ha; tn a ch ca thng nhn chu trch nhim v hng ha; nh lng ca hng ha; thnh phn cu to; ch tiu cht lng ch yu; ngy sn xut; thi hn s dng; thi hn bo qun; hng dn bo qun; hng dn s dng; xut x hng ha; ni dung thng tin c ghi bng ting Vit, hoc lm nhn ph ghi nhng thng tin thuc ni dung bt buc trn bng ting Vit nh km nhn nguyn gc ca hng ha trc khi a ra bn th trng Vit Nam.IV. Mt s quy nh lin quan n tiu chun hng ha ca M.M lin tc c xp hng l nn kinh t ln nht trn th gii trong sut mt th k qua. Hin nay, trong xu hng hi nhp ton cu, M ang i mt vi s cnh tranh ca cc lung hng ha t cc nc ang pht trin. Phn ng li tnh trng ny, M t ra nhiu yu cu cht ch v mt k thut kim sot cht lng hng ha, bo v ngi tiu dng.Chnh sch ca M v vic p dng cc tiu chun k thut i vi hng ha nhp khu da trn hip nh v ro cn k thut thng mi TBT ca WTO. Hin M ang nhp khu khong 15.000 loi sn phm hng ha tiu dng t khp ni trn th gii.Nhng sn phm tiu dng c kim sot mun c thng quan nhp khu vo th trng M, cn phi c giy chng nhn Hp chun tng qut i vi mi chuyn hng, nh gi hp chun phi t chng nhn ISO 17025. Hng ha phi tun th tiu chun an ton theo o Lut an ton sn phm tiu dng, thm ch cc sn phm ny cn phi chu tiu chun an ton theo o Lut cc cht gy hi lin bang. * Mt s quy nh cn ch v tiu chun k thut hng ha ti M: Lut an ton sn phm tiu dng (CPSA): bt c hng tiu dng no mun nhp khu vo M u b t chi nu sn phm khng tun th mt tiu chun an ton sn phm hin hnh hoc yu cu v nhn hiu c quy nh c chng nhn hoc xc nh l c hi. T thng 7 nm 2012, cc sn phm hng ha xut vo M phi p ng quy trnh sn xut t chun HACCP. HCCP Quy ch kim dch ng vt ca Cc Qun L Thc Phm & Dc PhmHoa K (FDA): c vn dng trong sn phm ng hp, dc phm, ha m phm. Lut lin bang v cc cht nguy him: quy nh vic dn nhn nhng sn phm c hi dng trong gia nh c th gy thng tch hoc bnh tt ng k cho ngi s dng khi s dng chng mt cch bnh thng: cht c, cht n mn, cht c hi GAP: Thc hnh tt trong sn xut nng nghip hay sn xut nng nghip sch (Good Agriculture Practices). GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) l hng dn thc hnh sn xut tt, c p dng i vi c s sn xut, ch bin thc phm, dc phm nhm kim sot cc yu t nh hng ti qu trnh hnh thnh cht lng sn phm t khu thit k, xy lp nh xng, thit b, dng c ch bin; iu kin phc v, chun b ch bin n qu trnh ch bin; bao gi, bo qun v con ngi iu khin cc hot ng trong sut qu trnh gia cng, ch bin. Chng nhn ny gip m bo rng sn phm c sn xut mt cch ng nht v c kim sot theo ng cc tiu chun ph hp vi mc ch s dng ca chng cng nh theo ng cc quy nh ca giy php lu hnh.Ti Vit Nam, vo ngy 28 thng 01 nm 2008 B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn chnh thc ban hnh tiu chun VIETGAP (Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practices) c ngha l Thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt Vit Nam da trn 4 tiu ch: tiu chun v k thut sn xut; an ton thc phm (gm cc bin php m bo khng c ha cht nhim khun hoc nhim vt l khi thu hoch), mi trng lm vic mc ch nhm ngn chn vic lm dng sc lao ng ca nng dn; truy tm ngun gc sn phm (tiu chun ny cho php xc nh c nhng vn t khu sn xut n tiu th sn phm). Sn phm nng nghip c chng nhn theo tiu chun VietGAP s c tha nhn trn th trng Vit Nam. Theo quyt nh ca B Y t Vit Nam, Tiu chun GMP l bt buc i vi tt c cc c s sn xut, ch bin v kinh doanh thc phm.V. nh gi s ph hp vi thc tin ca h thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam5.1. Tnh bao qutH thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut Vit Nam, nht l sau khi Vit Nam gia nhp t chc thng mi th gii WTO, ngy cng c xy dng v ban hnh bao trm nhiu loi hng ha khc nhau, vi quy m trung ng n a phng, gp phn p ng nhng yu cu c bn v pht trin sn xut, kinh doanh v thng mi, ng thi cng c nhng ng gp quan trng trong vic gii quyt nhng vn bc xc ny sinh do nhng i hi ca nn kinh t - x hi qua cc giai on pht trin ca t nc. Cc tiu chun v quy chun k thut c p dng rng ri trn khp cc ngnh: cng nghip, cng ngh - thc phm, nng nghip, xy dng, in - in t, ti nguyn - mi trng , giao thng - vn ti, ha cht v nhiu lnh vc khc. 5.2. Tnh minh bchMinh bch l mt trong nhng nguyn tc m Hip nh v cc ro cn k thut trong thng mi (TBT) cp n. L thnh vin ca WTO, Vit Nam chp hnh nguyn tc bng vic lun cng khai cc vn bn lin quan php lut ni chung v h thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut ni ring. Khng ch c thng bo i vi cc t chc, doanh nghip v c nhn trong nc m cn phi thng bo cng khai trn trng quc t. Cc doanh nghip khi c tip cn d dng vi nhng vn bn ny th s ch ng hn trong vic iu chnh hot ng nhm m bo cc quy nh yu cu k thut ca hng ha. T , khng ch li ch ca cc doanh nghip m c li ch quc gia c bo v trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t, cng nh thu ht u t v chuyn giao cng ngh t nc ngoi vo nc ta. 5.3. Tnh khoa hc Tiu chun v quy chun k thut c a ra m bo an ton cho con ngi, bo v ng thc vt, mi trng v ti nguyn thin nhin, ng thi khuyn khch c cc doanh nghip sn xut, kinh doanh v dch v ca Vit Nam thuc mi thnh phn kinh t nng cao cht lng hot ng, to ra nhiu sn phm, hng ha c cht lng cao v c kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng khu vc, quc t.V vy m bo quyn li chung cho quc gia v pht trin kinh t, cc tiu chun v quy chun k thut c t ra phi m bo tnh khoa hc, khng th t ra mt cch ba bi, cc ch tiu khng c qu thp v c th nh hng n cht lng hng ha, gy hi cho ngi tiu dng, nhng cng khng c t ra qu cao, nu khng ph hp vi trnh sn xut chung ca cc doanh nghip trong nc, s gy kh d cho hot ng kinh doanh ca h.Trong iu 13 Chng II, v iu 31 chng III ca Lut tiu chun v quy chun k thut Vit Nam c quy nh xy dng tiu chun v quy chun k thut c th cn c vo tiu chun quc t, tiu chun khu vc, tiu chun nc ngoi; kt qu nghin cu khoa hc v cng ngh, tin b k thut; hoc kt qu nh gi, kho nghim, th nghim, kim tra, gim nh. Vit Nam hin nay, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh l c quan c vai tr quan trng v quyt nh trong vic xy dng v ban hnh cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut quc gia cng nh t chc cc hot ng nghin cu, th nghim, gim nh, chng nhn hp chun, chng nhn hp quy, cng b hp chun, cng b hp quy cho hng ha.5.4. Tnh thng nht Tiu chun, quy chun k thut cng l mt vn bn quy phm php lut. Do , n cng i hi s thng nht cht ch m bo cho vic p dng c thun li, hn ch nhng tranh chp xung t trong thc thi.iu ny th hin ch cc vn bn tiu chun v quy chun k thut trong cng mt lnh vc, cng mt i tng, cng mt ch tiu khng c c nhng mc quy nh khc nhau. Trc khi ban hnh quy nh mi, phi hy b quy nh c c cng i tng quy nh. Ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2013, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ra quyt nh s 4287/Q-BKHCN trong trng bo hy b TCVN 6776 : 2005 v Xng khng ch Yu cu k thut. ng thi ti quyt nh s 4288/Q-BKHCN ban hnh cng ngy, cng b p dng TCVN 6776 : 2013 v Xng khng ch Yu cu k thut. Nh vy, m bo s thng nht trong h thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut, cc t chc, doanh nghip t khng b nhm ln v p dng thun tin hn trong thc t.Bn cnh , cc tiu chun v quy chun c ban hnh cng quy nh c th quyn hn v trch nhim ca cc c quan, khng b chng cho trong qun l, thc hin v gii quyt khi c cc tranh chp, khiu ni xy ra. Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thng l c quan c trch nhim hng dn v kim tra thc hin cc Quy chun.Tnh thng nht ca h thng tiu chun quy chun k thut cn c th hin gia vic ban hnh v p dng cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut trn thc t. Hin nay, Vit Nam, tnh thng nht trong h thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut cn cha cao. Cc tiu chun v quy chun k thut cha c p dng rng ri, i khi p dng cn rt lng lo khng thc hin theo ng nh vn bn v tiu chun , quy chun ra .5.5. Tnh kh thi.H thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam hin nay nhn chung ang c dn hon thin v khng ngng i mi ph hp vi h tiu chun quc t. Cc h tiu chun c cc c quan chc nng xy dng c cn c vo iu kin v tnh hnh thc t, c th p dng v em li nhiu tc ng tch cc nh gip m bo cht lng hng ha v an ton cho ngi tiu dng trong qu trnh s dng, thun li cho cng tc qun l, kim tra ca cc cp,Tuy nhin, mt s tiu chun v quy chun qu thut Vit Nam cn cha c p dng rng ri, cha pht huy c hiu qu trong mt s trng hp c th. V d nh trng hp ca thp Vit Nam, Quy chun 7 c bn hnh nhm thng nht v cht lng ca cc sn phm thp trn th trng, ng thi loi b nhng loi thp khng r ngun gc, km cht lng t Trung Quc, bo v sn xut trong nc v quyn li ca ngi tiu dng. Tuy nhin, sau mt thi gian ngn p dng, mt s doanh nghip sn xut thp p dng quy chun 7 cho rng, vic p dng li bt cp hi. Cc sn phm p dng quy chun kh bn, b . Nguyn nhn l v khi p dng quy chun 7 phi tun theo cc yu cu k thut, kch thc, khi lng trn 1m chiu di; mc thp v tnh cht c hc theo TCVN 1601-2008; thm ch ghi nhn phi r rng, khng ty xa, trn nhn phi in y cc thng tin, tn a ch c s sn xut, tn sn phm, s hiu tiu chun do nh sn xut cng b p dng, du hp quy, mc thp, khi lng ca b thp hoc cuc thp, thi gian sn xut... p dng quy chun ny, doanh nghip buc phi thay i thit b sn xut thp ct b tng theo ng tiu chun, chi ph gi thnh cho mi sn phm t tng khong 3 n 5%. V th, gi ca thp p dng quy chun 7 cao hn thp cha p dng quy chun nn kh bnhn. Trong khi th ngi tiu dng rt gp kh khn trong vic phn bit u l sn phm hp quy chun, sn phm no khng, v thng th s mua nhng sn phm no c gi r hn. Nh vy, chng nhng cha bo v c ngi tiu dng, m cn gy kh khn cho doanh nghip.5.6. Tnh cp nht.Cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam c cp nht thng xuyn, khng ngng c r sot, b sung, ph hp vi tnh hnh pht trin ca th trng hng ha, trnh khoa hc cng ngh v s pht trin ca t nc. Hng nm, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh u c k hoch xy dng tiu chun quc gia. Nm 2014, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ln k hoch xy dng 887 TCVN trn cc lnh vc nh vin thng, cng ngh thng tin,vt liu xy dng, thit b y t, ha dc, trng trt, chn nui, nng - lm - thy sn, dt may, c kh my mc. Trong , phn ln l chp nhn hoc tham kho xy dng da trn cc tiu chun quc t ISO, IEC, CODEX, tiu chun khu vc chu u EN, hay tiu chun ca mt s quc gia nh Anh, M, Nht, NgaLy trng hp m bo him lm v d:Ngy 08 thng 10 nm 2001, B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng (nay l B Khoa hc v Cng ngh) ra quyt nh s 51/2001/Q-BKHCNMT quy nh m bo him dnh cho ngi i xe my phi ph hp vi Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5756 - 2001 v M bo v cho ngi i m t v xe my.n ngy 28 thng 4 nm 2008, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v m bo him cho ngi i m t, xe my (QCVN 2:2008/BKHCN), nh vy, vi hng ha m bo him c nhng quy nh bt buc p dng v k thut. Trong vn bn Quy chun c ban hnh ti thi im ny c nhiu mc quy nh c th v cht ch v mt k thut ca m bo him, v d nh: V cu to phi c cc b phn: v m, lp m hp th xung ng, (lp m bo v) v quai eo. M phi c sn xut bng cc vt liu khng gy nh hng c hi n da v tc ca ngi s dng. C quy nh c th v khi lng ca m, k c cc b phn km theo. B mt pha ngoi ca v m v cc b phn lp vo m phi nhn, khng c vt nt, khng c g v cnh sc. Khng c s dng inh tn, bu lng, ai c, kha quai eo c cc g v cnh nhn, sc. u inh tn, bu lng khng c cao hn 2 mm so vi b mt pha ngoi ca v m. Quy nh v phm vi che v bo v ca v m v lp m hp th xung ng; v mc chu ng va p v hp th xung ng ca m bo him V n nm 2009, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh thng t 23/2009/TT-BKHCN quy nh i vi vic s dng thng nht du cht lng i vi m bo him, trong iu4 ch r: "K t ngy 01 thng 7 nm 2010, du CS v tem kim tra ht hiu lc s dng. T thi im ny, tt c m bo him sn xut, nhp khu, kinh doanh trn th trng thng nht s dng du hp quy CR.

nh gi chungH thng Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut Vit Nam v ang ngy cng khng nh tc dng v vai tr quan trng ca mnh trong kim sot cht lng hng ha, bo v ngi tiu dng, qun l kinh t x hi. u im: V c bn, H thng ny v ang c xy dng st vi cc i tng trn thc t, lin tc c sot xt, chnh l, sa i hoc thay th mi cc quy nh lc hu mt cch kp thi theo yu cu qun l, ph hp vi thc tin. S lng tiu chun v quy chun k thut Vit Nam tng ng hoc c xy dng trn c s cc tiu chun ca quc t, khu vc v nh nc tin tin ngy cng nhiu v chim t trng ngy cng cao trong H thng. Nu nm 2000 Vit Nam c 1300 TCVN tng ng vi TCQT v TCNN, th n ht thng 12 nm 2006 con s ny l 2077. Tnh ng b, thng nht v ni dung ngy cng c ch trng. Cc th tc v phng php xy dng Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut lun c ci tin theo hng hi ho vi thng l quc t, ph hp vi cc nguyn tc ca Hip nh TBT. u t cho nghin cu, th nghim, kho th trong phng th nghim ngy cng c ch trng. Hot ng chuyn giao cng ngh t cc quc gia tin tin cng c y mnh trong nhng nm gn y. Cc t chc v doanh nghip Vit Nam ang tng bc n lc hc hi nng cao cht lng, tiu chun sn phm v kh nng cnh tranh ca mnh.Nhc im: Do trnh khoa hc cng ngh trong nc cn lc hu so vi nhiu quc gia pht trin khc, nng lc ca doanh nghip trong nc cn km, v vy cc ch tiu trong cc quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam cn mc thp, cc doanh nghip nc ngoi d dng c th p ng c. Cht lng hng ha phn ln cha th so b c vi cc quc gia tin tin khc. iu ng ngha rng mc an ton ca ngi tiu dng khi s dng hng ha cng nh mc bo v h sinh thi, mi trng Vit Nam cn km. Bn cnh , cng tc qun l th trng cn cha thc s nghim tc, lm cho cc hng ha km cht lng hoc cha c kim nh cht lng t tr trn vo th trng gy kh khn cho vic thc thi p dng v kim tra cc Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.

VI. Mt s gii php xut nhm hon thin h thng tiu chun v quy chun k thut ca Vit Nam gn hn vi cc tiu chun v quy chun k thut chung ca th gii.6.1. Cc gii php cp quc gia Xy dng tiu chun v quy chun k thut quc gia: Mc d cc tiu chun ca quc t v cc quc gia tin tin khc t ra nhng i hi cao v mc bo v cho ngi tiu dng qua cng cao hn so vi Vit Nam, nhng khng v th m p dng mt cch cng nhc cc tiu chun , m cn c k hoch hoch nh dn dn, c th ph hp vi trnh sn xut v khoa hc k thut trong nc. Ch trng tnh thng nht v kh thi trong vic ban hnh cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut. u t vo cc hot ng nghin cu, pht trin khoa hc cng ngh nng cao nng lc cnh tranh quc gia, theo kp vi trnh quc t. Gio dc thc cng ng v nng cao nhn thc i vi cc c quan qun l v doanh nghip v ni dung cng nh tm quan trng cc tiu chun, quy chun quc gia v quc t thng qua cc lp o to, chng trnh gii thiu, cc cuc tho lun... H tr cc doanh nghip va v nh trong vic ci thin v nng cao cht lng ca sn phm, thng qua h tr v ti chnh, chuyn giao cng ngh, hng dn v to iu kin cho cc doanh nghip thc hnh cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut. Tham gia r sot hip nh, xy dng tiu chun quc t v tn dng quyn nhn xt cc quy nh v tiu chun quc t, m phn nhm t nhiu thun li cho quc gia.6.2. cp doanhnghip u t i mi cng ngh: i mi cng ngh sn xut l mt trong nhng gii php quan trng nht nng cao kh nng cnh tranh ca hng ho xut khu ca Vit Nam hin nay. Mt mt lm gim gi thnh sn xut, mt khc nng cao cht lng do p ng c cc tiu chun ca nc nhp khu v bao b ng gi, an ton v sinh, quy trnh ch bin. Xy dng chin lc kinh doanh di hn c tnh n cc tc ng ca cc quy nh tiu chun v quy nh ca sn phm trnh ri vo tnh th b ng khi cc tiu chun thay i. Hoch nh k cng chin lc sn phm, khai thc c hiu qu cc li th cnh tranh, ch trng n khu nghin cu v pht trin sn phm mi, hin i ho khu thit k sn phm, chn la h thng qun l cht lng tin tin trn th gii ph hp vi doanh nghip nng cao cht lng sn phm. p dng h thng qun l cht lng theo ISO 9001, ISO 14001, HACCP v cc tiu chun quc t ph bin khc o to ngun nhn lc: p dng cc quy nh v tiu chun quc gia v quc t ca sn phm lin quan n mi trng doanh nghip cn c k hoch o to ngun nhn lc c trnh chuyn mn v mi trng. Tm hiu cc quy nh v tiu chun cng nh p dng chng phi c coi l mt hot ng thng xuyn ca doanh nghip nht l i vi cc doanh nghip phi i mt vi cc vn mi trng trong tiu th sn phm. Tng cng cng tc thng tin: Mt trong nhng vn chnh m cc doanh nghip ca nhng nc ang pht trin hay gp phi trong vic y mnh xut khu l vic thiu thng tin v tiu chun v cc bin php v sc kho hay kim dch p dng i vi sn phm ca h ti cc th trng trng im. Kh khn ca doanh nghip Vit Nam hin nay l hn ch trong vic tip cn cc ngun thng tin th trng, sn phm. Ngoi s h tr thng tin ca cc c quan chc nng, cc doanh nghip cn ch ng trong vic tip cn cc ngun thng tin thng qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng, h thng truyn thng quc t, cc t chc trong nc v quc t, cc bn hng.6.3. cp aphng Cng khai minh bch v tham gia son tho tiu chun. Cc t chc tiu chun quc t, t chc thng mi quc t, cc nc nhp khu hng Vit Nam to cc iu kin thun li Vit Nam tip cn thng tin v quy nh v tiu chun, tham gia vo qu trnh xy dng tiu chun quc t. H tr k thut: Cn c s chuyn giao cng ngh ca cc nc pht trin cho Vit Nam nhm gip cc doanh nghip ci tin cht lng sn phm v nng cp cc thit b kim tra cht lng ca mnh, gp phn p ng tt hn yu cu cht lng ngy cng gia tng ca cc nc nhp khu. Cc c quan vin tr a phng c th gip Vit Nam thng qua cc d n, cc kho o to, tham gia cc hi ngh quc t, gii quyt tranh chp thng mi. Tha nhn ln nhau cc th tc chng nhn v nh gi s ph hp. Cc t chc v din n kinh t quc t cn c cc hot ng thit thc nhm hi ho cc loi tiu chun khc ca cc nc nhp khu theo h thng tiu chun quc t, trn c s cc doanh nghip, c bit l cc doanh nghip cc nc ang pht trin c th chun mc ho h thng sn xut ca mnh theo tiu chun quc t, trnh vic chy theo cc loi tiu chun rt khc nhau, thm ch chng cho mu thun ca cc nc nhp khu.

TI LIU THAM KHO

Gio trnh Tng lun thng phm hc - i hc Thng MiLut Tiu chun v quy chun k thut Vit Nam (2006)Cc website: http://tiengiang.tbtvn.org/http://quangnam.tbtvn.org/http://www.tcvninfo.org.vn/http://tieuchuance.wordpress.com/http://www.thuongmai.vn/http://www.vietcert.org/http://www.vpc.org.vn/http://www.iso.com.vn/ v nhiu trang web khc.1