CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. History of Shri Kshethra Dharmasthala Gramabhirudhi

Yojana

3. Role of S.K.D.R.D.P

4. Structure and Organisational view

5. Analysis of Survey findings

6. Suggestions and Conclusion

Appendix

Bibliography

Questionnaire

SKDRDP 1

CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION

Introduction to project report

Objectives of study

Scope of study

Materials and Methodology

Limitations

SKDRDP 2

INTRODUCTION

The activities of Shree Kshethra Dharmasthala Rural

Development Project (SKDRDP) are spread across Dakshina

Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada districts. It will expand its

activities to Shimoga and Chikmagalur districts from the financial

year 2007-10. It has promoted 45,756 self-help groups (SHGs)

consisting of 4.60 lakh members belonging to small and marginal

farmer, labour and women community. Of them 97,000 small and

marginal farmers have shared 1,35,17,130 labour man days to

convert 50,000 hectares of barren land into a productive green

land.

The SKDRDP took up women empowerment programmes,

awareness against addictions, technology transfer programmes

for improving the farming practices among weaker sections.

With the passage of time SKDRDP began to play role in

transfer of technology, providing the infrastructure, providing

finance through micro credit. Besides this, the project

concentrated on the empowerment of rural women and hence

began 'Jnanavikasa Programme'. In response to the social needs

SKDRDP 3

of the area the SKDRDP innovated into activities like Janajagruthi,

Community Development, Siri etc., 

A village level worker known as 'Sevaniratha', approached

the stakeholder families, sat with them to prepare a five-year

development plan and assisted them to implement the same. The

Dharmasthala temple has given the required material support

like equipments, seed material in the form of charity. 

Large quantities of rice were distributed during the initial

decades as a compensation for the families while they worked in

their own lands. the concept of 'Food for Work' was implemented

by SKDRDP, with a view to develop the lands. 

Objectives of study

The main objective of preparing the project report is being

enlisted below:

To know the role of Shri Kshethra dharmasthala

Gramabhirudhi Yojana in rural development.

To know the programmes and activities incorporated for

rural development.

To know the thorough knowledge of the benefits given by Shri

Kshethra dharmasthala Gramabhirudhi Yojana.

SKDRDP 4

To outline the authority and responsibility relationship in the

organisation.

To know the rigidity in levels of management.

To study the motivational programme in encouraging the

people to become entrepreneurs in rural areas.

Scope of study

The scope of this project is confined only to Shimoga city

only. The study was conducted to know the performance of

“Shri Kshethra dharmasthala Gramabhirudhi Yojana” in

the development of rural areas. The study was intended to

know the developmental activities undertaken in rural areas.

Materials and Methodology

To achieve the above objectives data is collected from both

the primary and secondary sources. The secondary data were

obtained from the organisation. Most of the secondary materials

are collected from officials of S.K.D.R.D.P.

Primary data:

Primary data is collected by personnel interview with project

managers, supervisors, and field officers. Data is also collected

from the members of the self-help groups benefited from

S.K.D.R.D.P.

Secondary data:

SKDRDP 5

Besides the primary data, data is collected from the

secondary sources like books, records and periodicals

maintained in the organisation

Analysis and interpretation:

The data collected from primary sources is analysed and

interpreted systematically in the form of statements ,

charts, Graphs and tables. The diagrams are in the form of bar

and pie charts.

Limitations

The study had certain limitations, they are:

The study is mainly based on the statistical data given by

S.K.D.R.D.P.

Only in depth study may bring fruitful results, however the

study on S.K.D.R.D.P. and its rural developmental activities is

not so deep.

Non-availability of some data’s has also affected the quality of

the project report.

The time and money constraints have also affected the quality

of the project report.

SKDRDP 6

Chapter Scheme

This project report is on “Shri Kshethra Dharmasthala

Gramabhirudhi Yojana” in particular this project report consists

of altogether 6 chapters.

The First chapter consists of Introduction here

Introduction has been given in general and also, it consists of

main objectives for preparing the project report, Scope and

objectives of the study and methodology.

The second chapter consists of “History of Shri Kshethra

dharmasthala Gramabhirudhi Yojana” as it has been considered

earlier; my project report is on rural development, I have

mentioned the objectives of this organisation in rural

development.

The third chapter consists of “Role of Shri Kshethra

dharmasthala Gramabhirudhi Yojana in rural Development ” . It

consists functions of the organisation and the

developmental activities undertaken by the organisation for

rural development.

The fourth chapter consists of “Structure and organisational

view ”. It mainly includes the Hierarchy, Organisation and

functions and Administration.

The fifth chapter consists of “Analysis of survey Findings ”,

the survey plays a very important role in any project report .

The survey was conducted for members of self help groups

SKDRDP 7

benefited from Shri Kshethra dharmasthala Gramabhirudhi

Yojana . It consists consumer’s attitude regarding the

organisation.

The sixth chapter is “Suggestion and Conclusion”.

Suggestion is very important and it is the ending phase of the

project report. Suggestion has been given to the organisation and

it is on the basis of the Survey.

SKDRDP 8

CHAPTER - 2

HISTORY OF S.K.D.R.D.P

History

Objectives

Location

SKDRDP 9

History of the Organisation

Shri Kshethra Dharmasthala is one of the

most popular holy places in south India. The

god worshipped here is “Lord Shiva.” It has

nearly an history of 700 yrs . Its total

administration and control is done by

Dharmadhikari Shri D . Veerendra Hegde. From

past 30 yrs Shri Kshethra’s complete responsibilities is carried on

by Dharmadhikari , who is the 21st person of his ancestral family.

S.K.D.R.D.P. is Dr .D.Veerendra

Hegde’s rare dream. This plan

has completed 25 yrs

successfully. The plan was

started since 1982 in the

memory of the inauguration of

Shri Bhagwan Bahubali’s statue

which 39 feet height which was

single stoned statue. Since

from 1982 the plan provides information, encouragement and

act as a model for rural people to change the life style of rural

people . The community programmes of the organisation is

picturized through out Karnataka.

SKDRDP 10

It declares war against eradication of poverty, Ignorance,

illiteracy, drugs in especially in the districts of South Canara,

North Canara and Udupi. Rural unity is the main motto of the

organisation irrespective of caste and religion, poor and rich.

Several programmes function for women empowerment who

were economically backward.

Since from 2 decades, several programmes were

launched to utilise rural available resources effectively as to

eradicate rural problems successfully.

It declares several programmes in the eve of Silver Jubilee

of rural development plan.

Aims and objectives:

Effective utilisation of natural and human resources.

Overall development of rural economy by proper utilisation of

available local resources.

Empowerment of those who fail to get facilities from the

government.

Encouragement for rural employment opportunity through

agriculture and non-agricultural activities.

Adopt discipline, moral values, unity in developmental

activities.

SKDRDP 11

Encourage group partnership in rural and community

development.

Setup several schemes and programmes for permanent

development of agriculture.

Location:

The head office of S.K.D.R.D.P. is behind the Nethravathi

Guest house in Dharmasthala. It has planning section and big

training center. It is away 300 kms from Bangalore and 65 kms

from Mangalore.

SKDRDP 12

CHAPTER - 3

ROLE OF S.K.D.R.D.P

Functions

Developmental activities

SKDRDP 13

Functions

Its main function is concerned with the rural development.

Among which agriculture,

health, education, sanitation,

rural employment, rural savings,

environmental protection, public

awareness regarding social evils

, small scale industries are important one’s. It provides all the

necessary infrastructure like as shelter , drinking water

facilities, rural health and rural road and so on.

DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES:

PRAGATHI BANDU- Self help group

For the development of very small,

small and marginal farmers, this

organisation has framed many plans,

under which one is “self help

groups”. Pragathi bandu group

consists of 8 members irrespective of class of local farmers.

They meet regularly once in a week to discuss the developmental

activities of self-help groups like as savings, loans and advances,

division of labour. Small farmers indulge in constructive activities

SKDRDP 14

like as construction of warehousing , rural roads, houses, open

well, fencing, soil conservation through division of labour

effectively.

These groups programmes to

develop the small farmers

Economically and they create

communal harmony among the

Farmers . This is one of the model for the success of this

organisation.

Laboursharing at beneficiary house Dr. D. Veerendra Heggade discussing with beneficiaries

Laboursharing Pragathibandhu meeting The initial approach of SKDRDP was charity based. Under the programme the beneficiaries were assisted with

equipments, seed materials and ' Food for Work ' so that they could take up their waste lands into cultivation.

However a study conducted in the year 1990 by the Department of Extension, University of Agricultural Sciences,

indicated that the benefits of charity would have been more effective if there was self help, in the form of physical

contribution by the beneficiary.

The year 1991 was a watershed year for SKDRDP. The concept of charity changed to the concept of self

SKDRDP 15

help. SKDRDP started organizing self help groups. Unique model of male member self help groups. These

are called "Pragathi Bandhu Groups" . The unique feature of Pragathi Bandhu Groups is labour sharing. 

Each member works for the other member one day in a week. This has helped thousands of small farmers

to achieve important farm works. A five year farm plan prepared by the members in consultation with the

group and the Sevaniratha gives the much needed goal to the families.                   

The Pragathibandhu model of groups is a successful model developed by SKDRDP and now it is approved

by the Government of India and adopted for the implementation of special S.G.S.Y Project. Objectives :

Organize and empower small and marginal farmers and laborers.

         Develop the habit of savings & thrift.

         Provide micro credit assistance primarily for land development, creation of  infrastructure and personal emergency needs.

         Developing self confidence, self reliance and leadership.

         Transfer of governance to village level federation of SHGs

         Promote compulsory labour sharing for performing individual and community tasks.

         Watershed construction and Development programmes.

(Rs. in Crores)

Sl No Performance 2010-2011 Since inception

1. Groups formed 1,124 30,531

2. families involved 8,338 1,80,688

3. Savings mobilized 8.12 56.68

4. Loans disbursed to the members    

  Numbers 73,837 5,39,649

  Amount (Rs.) 103.36 478.90

5. Amount recovered 136.53 344.84

6. Labour sharing    

  No. of Man days 50,85,424 3,06,80,260

  value @RS.150/- per day 76.28 460.20

Pragathi Bandhu groups organize themselves into federations. The sub committee of the

federation studies the credit requirement of the groups and recommends. So far federations are

working in the project area.   

SKDRDP 16

Federations:

It creates federal activities among the self-help groups

of a rural area. Rural self-help groups are stepping stone to set-

up the Taluk level self-help groups as a federal structure. The

Taluk self-help groups look after the activities of rural self-help

groups and to fulfil the basic necessaries of rural economy

through self-help groups in a proper manner and also fulfil the

basic necessities of the members of the groups to uplift the

economic status.

Federation played an important role in the activities of

providing loans and advances, repayment and transaction etc.

The sub committee of the federation recommended to the

organisation about needs (loans and advances) of local self-

help groups and also it helps repayment of debt services of the

local self-help groups.

Jnayana Vikasa Centers:

These centers work for the

economic and social empowerment

of rural women who are illiterates

and landless labourers . The

organisation provides information

regarding rural health of the women , family welfare

SKDRDP 17

programme, sanitation, children education, cleanliness of the

environment, better life for those who are socially and

economically poor for about 2 hours a week. It creates self

confidence among the rural women who do not know about

social awareness . The members of this center are given

information about the alternative jobs available . The center

provides training and information about floriculture, dairy farming

and agriculture activities to increase income of the family.

Small Economic Plans:

Under this plan organisation provides financial help for

the members who are economically poor. Which provides income

to fulfil basic needs like education, shelter, sanitation, gobar

plants. The savings of the members of the organisation can be

utilised to pay the small loans and advances for the members.

The organisation utilise the developmental fund to provide huge

amount of loans and advances.

The special features of the plan is to provide training for the

members regarding proper utilisation of loan amount , easy

available of loans, easy repayment schedule and long term. The

members of the organisation repay the loan in every week.

SKDRDP 18

SAMPOORNA SURAKSHA – Insurance plan:

The organisation fulfil the medical expenditure of members

upto rs. 2500 with a premium of Rs.700 per year those who are

having 5 members in a family . Life insurance for working

people, partial payment for natural disorders or natural

calamities . A small premium for small family and huge

premium for large family . It insured amount is more than Rs.

25,000 organisation utilise development fund , for more details

go through the web site: www. Sampoornasuraksha.org

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT:

Agriculture is the backbone of the

rural people. More than 60 % of the

rural population are engaged in

SKDRDP 19

Organisation

Banks

Banks

Self help groups

Members

WeeksGroups

Monthly

agricultural activities . Therefore this organisation is

concentrating on the development of agriculture . This

organisation framed so many programmes to get fruitful result

for those who are having less than one hectare of land.

SKDRDP 20

CULTIVATION PLAN:

The organisation prepares a plan for a

period of 5 years after discussing the

members of the groups, regarding

fencing, digging of wells, rain water

storage, necessary technical advice

and so on can be implemented day by

day. These activities can be registered in a register which helps

to generalise the plan. According to this plan , it encourage

long term and commercial crops like rubber, cashew, areca nut

, vanilla etc and also plan to encourage for the crops like

vegetables, ginger, turmeric in hill stations.

BETTER QUALITY OF SEEDS:(hybrid seeds)

The organisation encourages the development of

horticulture in turn produce better seeds. This organisation works

as a middleman to supply the facilities provided by the

government to farmers especially in the field of development of

horticulture.

SKDRDP 21

WATER HARVESTING:

One of the earliest plans prepared by the pragathi bandhu is

to dig open well and acquire water pumping systems and supply

system. Normally the wells are dug by the group members.

Pragathinidhi loans are availed to acquire the irrigation

equipments. To meet the water requirements irrigation facilities

are taken up by the stakeholders which includes the pump sets,

sprinklers and aid to dig wells as this is the only water source in

many places. Crops such as arecanut, coconut, banana and

vegetables are cultivated in irrigated areas through organic

methods.

Quality Seeds

SKDRDP promotes farmers nurseries and has developed its

own nursery to provide quality seed material to take up various

plantations. SKDRDP coordinates with various seed manufactures

to promote supply of quality seeds and take up new crops

besides coordinating with various line departments like

horticulture, agriculture, forest etc. in equitable distribution of

seed and other facilities to the deserving farmers.

SKDRDP 22

Farm Planning

The stakeholder prepare a five year farm plan/ family plan

after discussing the requirement within the group. A plan devised

to develop the small agricultural plot into a high yielding

commercial garden is taken up. Fencing, digging open wells,

water conservation techniques, planning plantation crops, short

duration crops, creation of family assets which include house,

toilet, electrification etc. are planned for a period of time. A

separate record is maintained in each family to implement and

review the plan. More than Four Lakh families have prepared

their plans and have implemented them successfully.

Cultivation is taken up in accordance with the plan. A

combination of long term commercial crops with the short term

crops is practiced to ensure economic stability. Commercial crops

such as rubber, cashew, arecanut and vanilla are encouraged

with the project providing the beneficiaries with the saplings at

subsidized charges along with the improved variety of high

yielding seeds/saplings. Crops such as ginger, turmeric,

vegetables and other crops are encouraged in the hilly areas.

Fruit and Flower crops are also encouraged.

SKDRDP 23

DEVELOPMENT OF BARREN LAND:

The organisation concentrating the barren land by

provided water and soil conservation and suggest those crops

which are beneficial to the farmers in that particular area.

TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY:

The important programme of the organisation is transfer of

technology to the members by provided training, visit to research

centers and through film media. The small portion of the

expenditure is bared by central government agricultural

department.

ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL FAIR:

The organisation set up agricultural mela or fair in a

selected villages for 3 days annually regarding cultivation

system, dairying and other agricultural activities.

The fair consists of farmers, agricultural scientists,

Government officials, producers of agricultural seeds and

fertilizers. It is most benefited to both by exchanging their ideas.

WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION:

The Karnataka government water development Schemes

are programming through this organisation . Construction of

check dams , vented dam , social forestry , construction of

SKDRDP 24

bunds and other activities . It is already working at

Belthangadi, and now it is extended to Mangalore by applying

local technology successfully.

POWER PROTECTION:

In the beginning of the plan, because of the poverty of

the members they were unable to get power facility . Even

after their empowerment due to lack of facilities they could

not get power supply . Because of this reason they had to go

for a alternative source of electricity. At this time alternative

renewable sources like gobar gas and solar energy came into

existence.These two resources not only provide energy but

also protect the environment. Now these villages are

independent by using natural renewable sources of energy. This

is the only programme which facilitate solar energy to a large

extent in a small geographical area.

Under this plan, one more programme has been established

in Bhanjaru Malay village of Bhelthangadi taluk at a capacity of

10 kilowatts of small power unit which is to be mentioned.

Nearly 50% of the investment for a project of 13 lakhs was

given more than for 32 SC/ST families, which gives them a big

share in the investment.

SKDRDP 25

FOREST AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION:

For the protection of forest and environment

organisation has actively involved villagers and students to

take part in the programme. Programmes regarding

environmental information, school forestry, construction of

developmental forests, social forests, medicinal trees and

many more programmes have been implemented. By slide

shows, movies, issuing pamphlets awareness is being created

among the people.

Water, soil and forest conservation, water shed

management and information about many more topics is

provided.

VANA VIKASA (Forest development):

With the help of government and non –government

organisation the following programmes are taken over by

S.K.D.R.D.P. Adichunchanagiri Matta’s Poojya Shri

Balagangadhara Swamiji has helped for the success of this

programme.

SWARNA JAYANTHI GRAMA SWAROJGAR YOJANA:

SKDRDP 26

Government of India has selected S.K.D.R.D.P. to adopt

S.J.S.Y. programme in Dakshina Kannada district with the

assistance of Zilla Panchayath of Dakshina Kannada.

S.K.D.R.D.P. started this programme in 2003. The main

motto of the programme is the upliftment of the people living

below poverty line ( nearly 30% of total rural population of

Dakshina Kannada dist). The organisation has identified 1265

groups consisting of 11,165 members . Income generating ,

service generating , productive agricultural activities are

provided to these families . Necessary facilities and technology

are being provided by this organisation.

SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT:

S.K.D.R.D.P. has started programmes for the social

empowerment of backward rural population . Among that,

important one’s are construction of the houses , health

programmes and drug oppose programmes.

SWA-GRUHA:

SKDRDP 27

Under this programme they provide Rs.1 lakh loan for

selected families which is to be repaid within 520 weeks. Also

advanced technology is being adopted for the

construction of these homes.

SURAKSHA- Extensive health programme:

This programme was launched with the interest of overall

development of the society by keeping in view of the factors like

health and cleanliness. SURAKSHA promotes the health of the

family for this purpose setting up of health centres and

sanitation programmes by constructing sanitary are being

done . Free medical treatment and medicines are being

supplied through mobile hospitals. This organisation takes

help from the health department if necessary and also

take part with public health programme.

JANA JAGRUTHI- Janandholana programme:

This programme is functioning for the first in India against

drug addicts like as alcohol, which is a social movement. This

programme declares war against alcohol drunkards .

S.K.D.R.D.P. has set up number of information centres

providing the information about disadvantages of alcohol

consumption . It is one of the major objective of Jana Jagruthi.

SKDRDP 28

Doctors , experts and local leaders take part in these camps

regarding public awareness.

The number of drug addicts have come out from the drug

addiction and have become good civilians in the main stream

of the society . NAVA JEEVANA committee looks after those

who have come out of drug addiction. Every year on Mahatma’s

birthday i.e. 2nd October , this programme is being celebrated

by honouring those people who come out of drug addiction.

LIFE – SURVIVAL ACTIVITIES:

The programme encourages in productive activities which

yields income to the family by providing technical and financial

assistance . It encourages group activities along with agriculture

and non – agricultural activities like as renting of agricultural

implements, pendals, providing furniture’s for hire , petty

business , animal husbandry and lease basis of agricultural

lands are the important one’s.

SIRI- Women empowerment:

Programme launches so many economic empowerment

Programmes for landless labourers , which generates income. It

provides assistance to train the people and setting up of groups

and units . It provides necessary technical assistance , skill ,

purchase of raw material and provide marketing facilities. Self-

SKDRDP 29

help groups market their products in the name of “SIRI” like as

soaps, detergents, phenyle, cleaning powder, agarbathis, candles

apart from that bakery foods, sweets, pickles even ready-mades.

Public have also encouraged those products.

(www.skdrdpsiri.org)

SPECIAL SILVER JUBLIEE PROGRAMME

SUGNYANA NIDHI AND SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMME:

The programme makes awareness among the members

of the groups regarding importance of education. The main aim

of SUGNYANA NIDHI is to send their children to technical

education called Engineering course , M.B.B.S.,B.A., M.S., B.D.S.,

and so on. The plan selects 100 students on the basis of merit

and income of the family for scholarships of Rs.1000 monthly.

In the same manner for job oriented courses like B.ED, C.

P.ED, D.P.ED , T.C.H , nursing etc and select 900 students for

scholarship of Rs. 400 monthly. In the first year the plan

provide 55 lakh rupees scholarship for 1000 students up to the

end of the course.

KAMADHENU:

The main motto of KAMADHENU is to protect local cow

and buffaloes with foreign cow and buffaloes. It provide training

for gobar gas plant, made researches in agriculture.

SKDRDP 30

NAVA – CHETHANA:

The main intention of NAVA – CHETAHANA is to provide

facilities and assistance for physical and mental disabilities

to lead normal life . The S.K.D.R.D.P., provide nearly 2 lakh

assistance annually for those institutions providing education

for physical and mental disabilities.

CENTRE FOR RURAL EXCELLENCY: (C.R.E.)

S.K.D.R.D.P. set up CRE training institution at Bhelthangadi

near Mangalore. This institution provide training for self

employment , computer training, information regarding drug

addiction and so on . Anybody interested in this

programme or training institution can contact the director CRE

Ph:08256-234760

S3 MFT: (SKDRDP-SIDBI SCHOOL FOR MICRO FINANCE

TRAINING)

The programme is the tie up with s3 to provide small term

economic assistance. The institution undertakes so many

research programmes regarding trade and training and provide

SKDRDP 31

information regarding trade for other institutions. Contact:

Principal, 0824-4211133

GELATHI:

S.K.D.R.D.P. concentrates rural family social and health

problems of women. There is a separate institution set up by

S.K.D.R.D.P. at Belthangadi of Mangalore. Contact: Co-ordinator,

08256-234760

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT:

S.K.D.R.D.P. is functioning in all most all parts of Karnataka

regarding community development especially Education ,

rural social overheads. The main intention of this programme is

to make children to join schools those who are left outs ,

providing infrastructure like drinking water , sanitation,

appointment of Swayam Sevak Shikshak etc.

These are the various developmental activities

undertaken by S.K.D.R.D.P. which are successfully

running in the rural area

            Commencement year : 1982               (As on 31.12.2010)

SKDRDP 32

Name of the Programme Details

   Pragathi Bhandu Association of small and marginal farmers

  Jnanavikasa Women empowerment programmes

  Agriculture Extension Training and support for Agriculture, Irrigation, Agriculture development

  Rain water harvesting Irrigation and watershed programmes

  Pragathivana Environment protection and aforestration

  Swagruha Housing Altarnative Sources of energy ,rural Sanitation Programmes

  Pragathinidhi Micro finance programme

  Sampoorna Suraksha Health insurance, special claims

  Gramakalyana

Community development,

creation of rural

infrastructure

  Jnanadeepa Primary education

programme

  Hindu Rudrabhoomi Crematorium

development project

  Siri Income generation activities for groups

  Janajagruthi Deaddiction camps Silver Jubilee Special Program

Sujnananidhi

Scholarship schemes to the children of the SKDRDP promoted SHG members

Navachethana Finanacial assistance to

SKDRDP 33

schools and centres for differently children

Kamadhenu

Cattle Research program for developing indigenous breeds and to care for destitute bovines

Project area : North Kanara , Dakshina Kannada Udupi, Chikmagalur, Shimoga, Coorg, Dharwad, Gadag and  Haveri districts  

Rural Development programme

  All districts of Karnataka state Community development programme

  Mangalore, Udupi, Puttur, Ullal, Kundapur,   Sirsi

Urban development programme

No. of staffs working 3,479No. of villages covered 5,594No. of  towns and town panchayaths covered

41

   Self Help Groups

  No. of groups working 1,18,131  No. of families/ members involved 13,37,601  Total savings Rs. 278.00 Crores   Pragathinidhi distributed Rs. 2,090.00 Crores   Loan amount Rs. 2,906.00 Crores   Overdue loan amount Nil   No. of days of labour sharing 3,06,80,260  Labour sharing amount (Rs. 150/- per day)

Rs. 460.00 Crores

Agriculture programmes :   No. of agriculture families involved 1,80,688  Agriculture development programmes

2,07,419

  Irrigation 55,541  Agriculture extension programmes 37,322

SKDRDP 34

  No. of Kissan melas conducted 30Jeevandhama programmes    House constructed 4,28,000   Toilets constructed 1,43,000   Installation of Solar system 6,219   Installation of Gobar gas system 8,947   No. of Jnanavikasa centers working 4,031   No. of deaddiction camps conducted

385

  Crematorium development units 282  No. of centers benefited from Jnanadeepa

13,020

  No. of milk producers society benefited

1,057

 Others 2,455 

SKDRDP 35

CHAPTER - 4

STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATIONAL VIEW

Hierarchy

Organisation and functions of the department

Administration

SKDRDP 36

STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATIONAL

ORGANISATIONAL PROFILE

The day to day administration of SKDRDP is managed by an

Executive Committee consisting of

The President and Board of Governors

Chief Auditor The Executive Director Chief Manager

The Directors

Branch Auditors The Project Officers Manager(Head of Project Office)

Project Supervisors(“Melvicharakas”)

Sevaniraths

Self Help Groups(SHG)

INFRASTRUCTURE OF S.K.D.R.D.P

SKDRDP 37

S.K.D.R.D.PShimoga

Dist DirectorDugge Gowda

S.K.D.R.D.P

Bhadravathi

S.K.D.R.D.PSagara

S.K.D.R.D.P

Shikaripura

S.K.D.R.D.PSoraba

S.K.D.R.D.P

Thirthahalli

S.K.D.R.D.P

Hosanagara

S.K.D.R.D.P

shimoga

Project officer

Yogesh

Project officer

Vasantha Gowda

Project officer

Muralidhara

SKDRDP 38

ORGANISATION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE

Department:

The organisation of the S.K.D.R.D.P. consists of the following

divisions:-

1. Head Office:

The head office is in Shri Kshethra Dharmasthala and is in

overall charge of all the activities of the S.K.D.R.D.P. units

situated in various districts and other places . It is fully in

charged by Dr. Veerendra Hegde.

2. Units of S.K.D.R.D.P:

S.K.D.R.D.P. has been set in various districts and Taluks. It

is headed by a District Director who looks after all the project

officers.

ADMINISTRATION:

Authority of responsibility flows from district director, he

looks after all the activities of the project officers who are in his

district . He guides and gives suggestions to the project

officers in administering the organisation.

Project officer has to play an important role, who looks

after all the managers, supervisors. He conducts meetings from

SKDRDP 39

time to time and implements projects and programmes

effectively.

Managers have a crucial role to play, who looks after the

staff members and their efficiency , maintains records and

managers all other activities and programmes in the

organisation.

Supervisors are responsible for the acts of field workers.

They give proper guidance and assistance to the field workers.

Field workers are the one’s who are responsible for the

successful running of the organisation. They go to each and every

house in the village and they give them information about the

programmes of S.K.D.R.D.P. and the benefits people get

from it . Field workers should have effective communication

skills and they provide all sort of training and assistance to the

rural people in implementing their project and helping them to

become self employed.

Later in the year 1992, the organisation realized that charity

coupled with self help would hasten the process of

empowerment, the group concept was evolved. The men groups

called pragathi bandhu groups were promoted in the initial

SKDRDP 40

year. In the later part of the year 1993, the jnanavikasa mahila

groups were also initiated and then onwards all progammes of

SKDRDP are implemented through group concept. And in the year

1996, SKDRDP initiated microfinance programme.

One field worker is engaged for one village for

implementation of the programmes of SKDRDP and therefore

selection of field worker (called as Sevaniratha) was a crucial

point for SKDRDP.

Appoinment of Sevaniratha: The process of appointing

Sevaniratha involves three steps.

The youths with metric or Degree qualifications are eligible

for sevaniratha post.

1st Step: Interface: The initial interface has three steps. (1)

Written test to assess the general knowledge of the candidate.

(2) Self introduction to understand the strength and weaknesses

of the candidate and (3) a group discussion to assess the

qualities of the candidate. Face to face interview is conducted in

order to assess the knowledge, vocability, interest in the work,

manners, etc. Successful candidates would be selected for the

next process.

SKDRDP 41

2nd Step: Field Practice for 10 days: In order to make an

introduction to the working system of SKDRDP regarding

implementation of various projects, the selected candidates

would be sent for 10 days field training (to a place already

working). During the training period, the Sevaniratha would take

him to the field and allow him to conduct certain programmes,

attend meetings, counsel group members and he observes and

send performance report to the Project Office. The candidate’s

grit and adaptability his love for field work and other qualities are

quickly assessed.

3rd Step: 3 days class room training: On the basis of

performance report, the candidates would be selected for class

room training for 3 days. During the training programme,

assessment regarding writing skills, ability to grasp, responsibility

taking, accounting knowledge, general knowledge, ability to

speak and counsel is done. At the end a small test is conducted

to understand the knowledge he has grasped in the above

process.

On the satisfactory performance in all above, the candidate

would be appointed on training period for 3 months and his

service would be confirmed afterwards.

SKDRDP 42

Deployment: On adoption of new villages, Sevaniratha would

open a office in the village. He contacts village panchayath and

gets all details of the village. He contacts VIPs, political leaders of

the village and meets villagers and requests for their support in

the implementation of the projects.

Then, he would call grama sabha when the people of the

village attend and explain about the objectives of the project.

Again bailuvaru sabha is also conducted. Then he would take

steps to promote groups. Training to the groups would be

arranged to SHGs on SHG concept, book keeping, record

maintenance, internal lending. Further, groups having members

from agricultural background would be provided training on

agricultural issues and would be guided by the agriculture officers

of SKDRDP.

The groups without landholding and which are interested in

self employment ventures would be trained on the venture

selected by them through RUDSETI or by SKDRDP through

resource persons from expert institutions. Then groups would be

credit linked with local banks or directly by SKDRDP.

* * * * *

SKDRDP 43

Group Types: SKDRDP is implementing all its projects through

SHGs. There are two major types of SHGs:-

a) Pragathibandhu Model (Male groups): 5 to 7 members

with small land holdings from groups and they undertake labour

sharing. That is each member works for all the members once in

a week for all the members.

This is a very successful model which is replicated in the

special central Govt. Project i.e. SGSY Project. This model has

special merits, where understandings between the members are

very high. Members even attend to the personal problems of co-

members on account of affection between them. The name itself

refers “Pragathi Bandhu” means “partner for progress”.

This has contributed for the overall development of

prgathibandhus and thus leading to successful model.

b) Jnanavikasa women SHGs: SKDRDP promotes women SHGs

involving landless women in the villages. Under this category we

can classify:-

Jnana vikasa SHGs

Group enterprises SHGs

Simple SHGs.

Jnanavikasa SHGS:- Under this, members of 10 to 15 SHGs

joins in a centre every week and conduct programmes which

SKDRDP 44

improves their knowledge like awareness programmes and

workshops on health and hygiene, education, child care, family

matters, home maintenance, nutrition food preparation, etc. In

addition to this they participate in skits, dramas, singing, group

discussion on the occasion of certain cultural programmes. The

idea behind this is to engage the village women in certain

activities which keeps away them from own time house affairs.

The members of Jnanavikasa SHGS avail credit facility for

general purposes like gold purchase, marriages, repayment of old

loans, etc.

Group enterprises SHGs:- The members of 3 to 4 groups

engage in production of certain items like phenoil, soap,

detergent power, washing powder, pickles, squashes,

condiments, textiles, etc. They are provided with backward and

forward linkages by Shri Dharmasthala Siri Gramodyoga

Samsthe. SKDRDP provides the credit needed to such SHGs.

Simple SHGs:- The members meet once in a week, do internal

lending business avail loans for general consumption,

infrastructure development, housing, etc. These SHGs are

promoted for the individual development of the members. That is

the members engaged in coolly work, from groups and get loans

SKDRDP 45

for housing, agriculture, diary, small scale poultry farming and

other purposes.

****

Micro Finance (Pragathi Nidhi Programme): SKDRDP has

started its micro finance operations in the year 1996 in a very

small scale to know the impact. As such, Rs. 4.00 crores were

dispersed to the groups as revolving fund for 8 years tenure. The

performance of the groups was excellent. There was 100%

recovery rate every month grom the groups to SKDRDP.

Influenced by this, SKDRDP increased its volume of micro

finance and presently, the total outstanding loan is Rs. 60.00

crores with 100% recovery rate.

Steps in Micro Finance Programme:

1. Application Generation: In the weekly meetings of the

group, the discussion takes place as to whom/ how much/ for

what loan is needed. The field worker (Sevaniratha) participates

in the meeting and guides the group members. After discussion

the application would be generated and submitted to the field

worker.

2. Eligible amount: The groups of more than 9 months old and

upto 3 years are eligible to get finance from SKDRDP upto 1:4 of

their savings as revolving fund. And the groups of above 3 years

SKDRDP 46

old would be provided with the credit to the extent of 1:40 of

their savings provided. i.e.

Revolving fund to the extent of 1:10 for 3 years

Infrastructure fund loan to the extent of 1:20 for 4 years

Non-Farm Sector loan to the extent of 1:20 for 5 years

Group activity loan to the extent of 1:30 for 5 years.

That is, a group could avail maximum amount to the extent

of 1:40 of its savings. Similarly, members are also eligible to get

finance in the same ratios.

It must be noted that only A and B rated groups are eligible to get

finance from SKDRDP.

Assessment of Repayment capacity:

However, for sanction of loans to the group, the repayment

capacity of the group (i.e. of the members) is taken into account.

That is repayment capacity for group eligibility amount whichever

is less is considered for the ultimate sanction. The repayment

capacity of the group is calculated based on the ratio total no. of

member to the annual income of these members. The following

procedure is adopted for calculating it.

1. No. of members in the group

2. Annual income from all the available sources of every

member in the group.

SKDRDP 47

1 2 3 4… 10… Total

Agriculture

Daily wages

Self-employment

Other sources

Total A

3. B

The balance repayment to be made by every member in the

group for the earlier loans

4. The income generation capacity of the group (C)=(A-B)

5. Five year income, repayment capacity of the group (D)=C x

205

6. Repayment capacity of the group

If the group is operating from one year then, repayment

capacity=

D x 0.25

If the group is operating from two years then, repayment

capacity= D x 0.5

If the group is operating from three or more years then,

repayment capacity= D x 1

SKDRDP 48

As a norm the repayment capacity of the group is calculated once

a year. In case of necessity then the animators/Karyakarthas

would re-calculate the same.

3. Approval of Federation: Once the group decides and submit

the application for finance, the same would be presented at the

meeting federation for approval. The committee takes note of the

particulars of loan and if, satisfied, recommends for sanction of

loan.

4. Sanction at Project Office: After the approval of the

federation, the area supervisor pool the applications and makes

his recommendation for the sanction of loan to the Project

Officer. The loan would be sanctioned by the Project Officer upto

his limit on satisfaction of the loan paper an loan would be

released through cheques. The equal monthly installments for

repayment of loan would be intimated to the groups at the time

of release. Once the group receives amount, the same would be

released to the members.

5. Security: SKDRDP do not insist to security to loans below Rs.

50,000/- per member. But, for loans more than Rs. 50,000/-

SKDRDP 49

member, land documents, vehicle/animal hypothecation, LIC

Bonds and other security are insisted.

6. Recovery: SKDRDP provides 60 days time as gestation period

for repayment of loan. The recovery starts from the 2 months

after release of loan to the groups. The group repays loan in

monthly equal installments.

The group recovers loan from the members in weekly

installments. During the meeting day, members pay their

savings, loan installments which are deposited in the groups bank

account.

Sometimes, members avail loan from the groups for shorter

periods than they avail from SKDRDP and rotate the surplus

amount available in their account keeping two installments as

resume.

The loan payment and loan recovery are done through bank

transactions without having scope for hard cash transactions.

7. Book keeping: A lot of training is imparted to the leaders,

members of SHGs on book keeping. Meeting is held at different

member’s houses on weekly basis. The This facilitates rotation of

roles and skill building in everybody.

8 Monitoring: Sevaniratha visits groups every week He insists

weekly report from the group regarding the performance. A

SKDRDP 50

simple report is delivered to the Sevanirathas by the group.

Melvicharaka and Project Officers periodically visit the groups.

Auditors audit the records of the groups annually. Federations

conduct monthly meetings, general body meetings once in three

months in order to review the performance of the groups.

9. Overdue Tracking: For the repayment of the loan, the groups

submit standing instruction to the banks requesting banks to

remit the installment amount to SKDRDP. In the meantime, the

SKDRDP sends a statement in duplicate to the banks having S.B.

account of groups showing the deductions to be made from the

group accounts towards loan repayment. On the basis of the

statement the bank would deduct the amount and send one copy

of the statement to SKDRDP stating the amount remitted to

SKDRDP.

In case of any insufficiency of funds in the group account,

the same is written on the statement and that would be

immediately tackled through the supervisor. Thus, the statement

received from the bank would be a sufficient record for knowing

the cases and over due the necessary steps would be taken to

recover the overdue amount.

SKDRDP’s co-ordination with various Govt. Departments:

SKDRDP 51

Dakshina Kannada Zilla Panchayath: SKDRDP is

implementing the special SGSY Project in Dakshina Kannada

district with Dakshina Kannada Zilla Panchayath.

Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal

Environment Management Project (KUDCEMP):

SKDRDP is also implementing KUDCEMP project in 6 coastal

urban towns in association with

Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and

Finance Corporation (KUIDFC).

Agriculture Extension Department, New Delhi: for

implementing agriculture extension programme in certain

selected talukas of South Canara district.

KVIC, Bangalore: mainly in improving vermin culture and

preparation of bio-manure in agriculture. Awareness creation

and training programmes are conducted in the villages in

association with KVIC at the project area.

Horticulture Department: For providing trainings and

workshops regarding urban and rural horticulture, the SKDRDP

and Horticulture Department is working together.

Coconut Development Board: For developing coconut

nursery, suggesting remedy for various disease attacking to

coconut, distribution of coconut tree climbing machine,

Coconut Development Board and SKDRDP has conducted

many programmes.

Nationalized Banks: Syndicate Bank is a partner to SKDRDP

in implementing Special SGSY Project in Dakshina Kannada

SKDRDP 52

district. Swarojgaries are getting loans from Syndicate Bank for

their self employment activities.

SKDRDP has collaborative project with Corporation Bank in

promotion and linkage of 1,500 SHGs in Mangalore Taluka for

3 years. The SHGs will be directly credit linked with

Corporation Bank branches.

In addition to all the above, SKDRDP has secured co-operation

for all the nationalized banks like SBI, Vijaya Bank, Canara

Bank and SCDCC Bank all the service Co-operative banks.

Apart from all the above, SKDRDP is conducting various social

awareness programmes like environment programmes,

watershed development programmes, irrigation systems,

adoption of alternative sources of energy, agriculture

development programmes, religious festivals from planning

etc. for the benefit of the rural people. That is SKDRDP has

single window solution to the beneficiaries for their daily life.

SKDRDP 53

CHAPTER - 5

ANALYSIS OF SURVEY FINDINGS

SKDRDP 54

Analysis of the survey

The survey as is conducted to study “ the role of

S.K.D.R.D.P. in rural development” , it provides the basic

facility to become self - employed or earn some income.

S.K.D.R.D.P. is entrusted with the responsibility of rural

development in Shimoga district.

Due to many constraints the survey was confined only to

two villages of the district namely Abbalgere and Mathod

were selected on random basis from which ten self-help groups

were from Abbalgere and were from Mathod. Each self-help

group contains 5 members.

The survey was conducted with the objective of

ascertaining the opinion of the self-help groups regarding the role

of S.K.D.R.D.P.

The survey reveals that:

1. Out of 20 self-help groups 40 are educated upto 7th and 20 up

to SSLC and 10 up to PUC and other 10 are either

diploma or graduates, but I found only 20 uneducated.

2. Out of 20 self-help groups 45 were below 30 years of age

and 50 are between 30-40 years of age and other 5 are

above 40 years.

SKDRDP 55

3. With regard to marital status 75 are married and 20 are

unmarried.

The survey reveals that members belonging to self-help

groups are of younger generation and are mostly female with

challenge to develop themselves and even the industry

whichever they choose .

The following table shows the dispersion of members in

two tables

Table 1

Sl.no Area No. Of members

1. Abbalgere (self help group) 102. Abbalgere (self help group) 103. Abbalgere (self help group) 104. Abbalgere (self help group) 105. Abbalgere (self help group) 106. Mathod (self help group) 107. Mathod (self help group) 108. Mathod (self help group) 109. Mathod (self help group) 1010. Mathod (self help group) 10

TOTAL 100

SKDRDP 56

The following table shows the members were educated or otherwise:

Table 2

Education

Qualification

No. of

members

Percenta

ge

No formal education 20 20

Up to 7th Std 40 40

Up to SSLC/Metric 20 20

Up to PUC 10 10

Diploma / Graduate 10 10

Post Graduate 00 00

TOTAL 100 100

Interpretation:

The above table shows the members were educated or

otherwise . The analysis of the table reveals that majority

have got the primary education . It is interesting to note no

member is a post graduate , but we can find some with no

formal education. It means it is even income generating for

people with no education.

SKDRDP 57

Graph showing the education of the members

SKDRDP 58

The following table shows that the duration taken to

sanction loans.

Table 3

Source of loan Sanctioning period

days

Banks 30

S.K.D.R.D.P. 15

Interpretation:

The analysis of the table reveals that members get loan

sanctioned earlier from S.K.D.R.D.P. which is far better than the

other banks, thus S.K.D.R.D.P. plays a great role in providing

financial assistance.

SKDRDP 59

The following table shows the opinion of members

regarding the services offered by S.K.D.R.D.P.

Table 4

Services No. of

members

Percentag

e

Excellent 50 50

Good 10 10

Better 16 16

Satisfied 20 20

Unsatisfied 04 04

Total 100 100

The analysis of the table reveals that majority ie; 50% agree

that the service provided by S.K.D.R.D.P. is excellent and 10%

feel service is good, 16% says its better, 20% feel satisfied only

4% of the members are not satisfied with the services.

Opinion of members regarding the functions and work of

S.K.D.R.D.P. facilities are collected. The opinions are shown

through tables, bar charts and pie charts, questionnaire is

also being given to members to know their action and reaction

against S.K.D.R.D.P, Shimoga.

SKDRDP 60

The following pie chart shows the opinion of the members

regarding S.K.D.R.D.P.

Today, a network of institutions, organisations exists in our

country to develop either entrepreneur or rural

development . S.K.D.R.D.P. is an integral part of this network

functioning in the state of Karnataka especially for

rural development.

S.K.D.R.D.P. has made a significant contribution to rural

area through the development of entrepreneurship in

Karnataka state.

Either the rural development or entrepreneurship

development by S.K.D.R.D.P. in Shimoga take the form of

providing financial assistance and conducting training

SKDRDP 61

programmes to them . However , it plays a commercial role

as well as promotional role.

A majority of members were in the age group of 30-40

years of age, married and educated up to graduation level.

Majority of the members under survey were motivated to turn

to entrepreneurship by desire to achieve something in life and

need for independence ie; own internal drives and ambitions.

The survey reveals that , the education background has

nothing to do with entrepreneurship most of the

entrepreneurs succeeded are having education between

primary level to matriculation level.

The members manage majority of the projects

Independently . However , units in the name of women

entrepreneurs are actually managed by self-help groups.

SKDRDP 62

CHAPTER -6

SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

SKDRDP 63

SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

Suggestions:

The present role of S.K.D.R.D.P. in Shimoga district

offers a scope for giving few suggestions, as it is going to play a

still major role in the development of entrepreneurship in rural

areas and the up lift-meant of poor section of the society

living below poverty line, thus encouraging rural development in

the coming years . Considering this , a few suggestions based on

survey findings and observations are given below:

S.K.D.R.D.P. is not running for earning profit like

Commercial banks as its motto is rural development

through entrepreneurship, the rate of interest on loans

should be less than or atleast equal to that of commercial

banks interest.

Recovery approach should be modified. Enough time

should be given and stringent action against defaulters

should be avoided.

The survey reveals that more and more amount of loan should

be sanctioned for the rural development in each area.

SKDRDP 64

S.K.D.R.D.P’s main aim is rural development, therefore it

should provide loans to the members to start any kind of

business of their choice.

Survey reveals that small entrepreneur face problems in

generating income in initial stages. In view of this, lesser

amount may be fixed as instalment for repayment in the

initial stages.

The trainings should be so designed that the participants

should get a chance to work and also to see the existing

projects. Skill formation should be an important part of the

programme.

SKDRDP 65

Conclusion:

The study was undertaken with an objective of evaluating

the role of S.K.D.R.D.P. In rural development with special

reference to S.K.D.R.D.P., Shimoga. It has been achieved with the

study of financial assistance provided, promotional and

developmental activities / programmes conducted in Shimoga

district.

The survey revealed that S.K.D.R.D.P. has been successful

to a certain extent in developing certain rural areas in

Shimoga . It has not only provided entrepreneurial opportunities

to the people but also has undertaken many activities for the

development of rural areas. It has provided many effective

training and assistance to the people in developing

entrepreneurial skills among them.

Apart from all these, the main thing to be noticed here is,

here is no sort of cheating either in the minds of people or in

the minds of the staff of the organisation. As the name

itself suggest SHRI KSHETHRA DHARMASTHALA the

spirituality and devotion of god makes people to work with faith

and belief, which is the reason for its rapid growth in all rural

areas.

SKDRDP 66

Whether people get any benefit from this organisation or

not it is the discipline which is to be appreciated of this

organisation . In the meetings conducted we can see the

women entrepreneurs enriched in Indian traditions i.e., in sarees

and they follow our customs and traditions i.e., lighting the

lamp before starting any programmes or meetings. Thus

S.K.D.R.D.P is not only working towards rural development but

also enriching our country’s customs and traditions.

The study has been successfully evaluated the

performance of S.K.D.R.D.P. in rural development. The

suggestions made on the basis of the findings if

implemented in good faith , would go on a long way in

strengthening the rural areas of Karnataka state in general and

Shimoga district in particular.

SKDRDP 67

APPENDIX

Bibliography

Questionnaire

SKDRDP 68

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Sir/Madam

I have taken up a project report to study “THE ROLE OF

SHRI KSHETHRA DHARMASTHALA GRAMABHIRUDHI

YOJANA IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT”. I request your co-

operation in completing this work. Please fill up the enclosed

questionnaire.

Thanking you,

Yours sincerely,

Swaroop T.G

1. Name of the member :

2. Address :

Sex:

Male [ ]

Female [ ]

3. Age:

4. Marital status:

Married [ ]

Unmarried [ ]

SKDRDP 69

5. Educational Qualification:

No formal education [ ]

Up to 7th Std [ ]

Up to SSLC/Metric [ ]

Up to Diploma/ Graduate [ ]

Post Graduate [ ]

6. Before starting who provided the project:

a) Own project [ ]

b) SKDRDP given project [ ]

7. Which business are you doing: -----------------------------

8. Training duration:

10 days [ ]

20 days [ ]

Above 1 month [ ]

9. Does SKDRDP impact during training period:

Yes [ ]

No [ ]

If yes what is the type of training ---------------------------

10. Are you satisfied with the training of SKDRDP

Satisfied [ ]

Not satisfied [ ]

11. Do you get immediate assistance from SKDRDP

SKDRDP 70

Yes [ ]

No [ ]

If No what is the time taken by SKDRDP to provide

Assistance: --------------------------

12. How do you feel about the service given by SKDRDP:

Excellent [ ]

Good [ ]

Better [ ]

Satisfied [ ]

Unsatisfied [ ]

13. Time taken for sanctioning the loan:

15 days [ ]

30 days [ ]

above 30 days [ ]

14. Recovery of loan: -------------------------

15. Capital Investment: --------------------------

16. Source of capital investment:

Own fund [ ]

Borrowed fund [ ]

18. Problems faced during business: ------------------------

19. Your channels of distribution:

Direct to consumers [ ]

SKDRDP 71

Indirect to consumers [ ]

20. What is your opinion about SKDRDP: -----------------

--------------------------------------------------------------

SKDRDP 72

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Manual of S.K.D.R.D.P.

Published By: S.K.D.R.D.P.

Manual of Developmental activities

Published By: S.K.D.R.D.P.

Secondary data from the files of S.K.D.R.D.P.

Website

www.skdrdp.com

www.skdrdpsiri.org

www.google.com

SKDRDP 73