dasar bahasa r
DESCRIPTION
Dasar Bahasa RTRANSCRIPT
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Novi Reandy Sasmita Computational and Applied Statistics Research Group (CASRG)
Mathematics Department Syiah Kuala University
[email protected], [email protected] http://rianprestasi.blogspot.com
PERTEMUAN I DASAR BAHASA R
Software R adalah suatu kesatuan software yang terintegrasi dengan beberapa fasilitas untuk
manipulasi, perhitungan dan penampilan grafik yang handal. R dapat melakukan import file dari software lainnya seperti, Minitab, SAS, Stat, Systat dan EpInfo, dll. R hampir dapat digunakan untuk berbagai bidang, mulai dari kalkulasi biasa (seperti kalkulator), statistik, ekonometri, geografi, hingga pemrograman komputer. Selain kelebihan dan kelengkapan fitur-fiturnya, hal yang terpenting lainnya yakni, R bersifat multiplatform, yakni dapat diinstall dan digunakan baik pada system operasi Windows, UNIX/LINUX maupun pada Macintosh.
Software R sangat cocok untuk riset, baik statistik,ekonomi, komputasi numerik dan pemrograman
komputer. Karena didukung oleh banyak tenaga ahli dibidangnya, R layak dijadikan suatu perangkat lunak acuan bagi berbagai kalangan, terlebih di kalangan akademik (dosen, mahasiswa). Kemudian R memiliki fitur yang lengkap dan handal serta faktor tanggung jawab moral dan legal/hukum bukan lagi menjadi kekhawatiran dalam penggunaannya, karena dapat diperoleh secara GRATIS. Berikut adalah beberapa contoh yang didapat dari R sebagai acauan implementasi pada:
Pemodelan matematis (seperti software MATLAB) dalam membentuk perspektif, cocok jurusan
teknik arsitek, sipil, mesin, dan ilmu computer
Grafik multidimensi hasil perhitungan R
Pencitraan dan analisis kontur, cocok untuk jurusan geografi dan sejenis
Grafik kontur dan topografi hasil perhitungan R
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Novi Reandy Sasmita Computational and Applied Statistics Research Group (CASRG)
Mathematics Department Syiah Kuala University
[email protected], [email protected] http://rianprestasi.blogspot.com
Proses analisis data statistik,dengan tampilan grafik plot yang costumized dan grafik fungsi densitas yang dapat diparalelkan dengan histogram. Cocok untuk bidang statistika, ekonomi dan lain lain
Grafik scatter plot hasil perhitungan R
Proses model bahasa jepang juga sudah dapat dianalisis dan digambarkan oleh R.
Gambar tulisan kanji hasil perhitungan software R
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Novi Reandy Sasmita Computational and Applied Statistics Research Group (CASRG)
Mathematics Department Syiah Kuala University
[email protected], [email protected] http://rianprestasi.blogspot.com
1. Bahasa software R 2.1 Operators
Beberapa operator yang digunakan oleh bahasa R adalah : +, *, ^, -, /, =, ==, !=. Adapun beberapa contoh adalah sebagai berikut :
Penambahan Pengurangan Perkalian Pembagian
> 2 + 4 [1] 6
> 2 - 4 [1] -2
> 2 * 4 [1] 8
> 2 / 4 [1] 0.5
> x = 1:5 > x [1] 1 2 3 4 5 > y = 3:7 > y [1] 3 4 5 6 7 > z = x+y > z [1] 4 6 8 10 12 > z[3] [1] 8 > y[2] [1] 4 > a = z[3]-y[2] > a [1] 4 > 7%%3 [1] 1 > 7%/%3 [1] 2 > a=c(3,6,12) > b=c(1:3) > a [1] 3 6 12 > b [1] 1 2 3 > a==6 & b a==6 | b a==6 | b>2 [1] FALSE TRUE TRUE
2. Data Struktur 2.1 Vector
> a=c(3,6,12) > b=c(1:3) > a
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Novi Reandy Sasmita Computational and Applied Statistics Research Group (CASRG)
Mathematics Department Syiah Kuala University
[email protected], [email protected] http://rianprestasi.blogspot.com
[1] 3 6 12 > b [1] 1 2 3 > a==6 & b rian = c(45, 53, 55, 67, 12, 43, 99) > rian [1] 45 53 55 67 12 43 99 > sum(rian) [1] 374 > max(rian) [1] 99 > min(rian) [1] 12 > length(rian) [1] 7 > range(rian) [1] 12 99 > median(rian) [1] 53 > putri = c(11, 34, 78, 45, 23, 76, 90) > putri [1] 11 34 78 45 23 76 90 > andi = rian/putri > andi [1] 4.0909091 1.5588235 0.7051282 1.4888889 0.5217391 0.5657895 1.1000000 > andi2 = (rian/putri)^2 > andi2 [1] 16.7355372 2.4299308 0.4972058 2.2167901 0.2722117 0.3201177 1.2100000 > andi2 > 3 [1] TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE > andi2 > 1 [1] TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE > andi2 = (rian/putri)^2 > andi[c(1,3,5)] [1] 4.0909091 0.7051282 0.5217391 > andi[c(1,3,5)]+1+2-1 [1] 6.090909 2.705128 2.521739 > A = matrix(c(1,2,3,4), nr=2, nc=2) > A [,1] [,2] [1,] 1 3 [2,] 2 4 > J = matrix(c(1,0,2,1), nr=2, nc=2) > J [,1] [,2] [1,] 1 2
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Novi Reandy Sasmita Computational and Applied Statistics Research Group (CASRG)
Mathematics Department Syiah Kuala University
[email protected], [email protected] http://rianprestasi.blogspot.com
[2,] 0 1 > A %x% J [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [1,] 1 2 3 6 [2,] 0 1 0 3 [3,] 2 4 4 8 [4,] 0 2 0 4 > A %*% J [,1] [,2] [1,] 1 5 [2,] 2 8 > A %o% J , , 1, 1 [,1] [,2] [1,] 1 3 [2,] 2 4 , , 2, 1 [,1] [,2] [1,] 0 0 [2,] 0 0 , , 1, 2 [,1] [,2] [1,] 2 6 [2,] 4 8 , , 2, 2 [,1] [,2] [1,] 1 3 [2,] 2 4 > seq(1, 5, by=1) [1] 1 2 3 4 5 > seq(1, 5, by=2) [1] 1 3 5 > seq(1, 5, by=5) [1] 1 > seq(1, 5, length=1) [1] 1 > seq(1, 5, length=5) [1] 1 2 3 4 5 > x = seq(-1, 1, by=.2) > x
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Novi Reandy Sasmita Computational and Applied Statistics Research Group (CASRG)
Mathematics Department Syiah Kuala University
[email protected], [email protected] http://rianprestasi.blogspot.com
[1] -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 > x = seq(-1, 1, by=.1) > x [1] -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 [16] 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 > x[5:10] [1] -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 > x[c(5,7:10)] [1] -0.6 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 > x[-(5:10)] [1] -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 > x[-(5:10)] [1] -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 > x[ x>0 ] [1] 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 > letters [1] "a" "b" "c" "d" "e" "f" "g" "h" "i" "j" "k" "l" "m" "n" "o" "p" "q" "r" "s" [20] "t" "u" "v" "w" "x" "y" "z" > x [1] -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 [16] 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 > names(x) names(x) = letters[1:length(x)] > names(x) [1] "a" "b" "c" "d" "e" "f" "g" "h" "i" "j" "k" "l" "m" "n" "o" "p" "q" "r" "s" [20] "t" "u" > x a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 q r s t u 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 > x["r"] r 0.7 > c(a=1, b=5, c=10, d=7) a b c d 1 5 10 7 > y = c(1, 2, 4:6, 3, 10:13, 9, 8, 6, 7) > y [1] 1 2 4 5 6 3 10 11 12 13 9 8 6 7 > sort(y) [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 > unique(y) [1] 1 2 4 5 6 3 10 11 12 13 9 8 7 > rep(1,10) [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > rep(1:5,3) [1] 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
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Novi Reandy Sasmita Computational and Applied Statistics Research Group (CASRG)
Mathematics Department Syiah Kuala University
[email protected], [email protected] http://rianprestasi.blogspot.com
> rep(1:5,each=3) [1] 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 > rep(1:5,2,each=3) [1] 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 > x = c(1,3,4,5,6,7,4,3,5,6,7,3,2,5,6,7,2,3,5) > x [1] 1 3 4 5 6 7 4 3 5 6 7 3 2 5 6 7 2 3 5 > summary(x) Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. 1.000 3.000 5.000 4.421 6.000 7.000 > stem(x) The decimal point is at the | 0 | 0 2 | 000000 4 | 000000 6 | 000000 > hist(x)
> hist(x, main="Data Pilihan", xlab="Nilai Data", ylab="Nilai Frekuensi", col="blue")
Histogram of x
x
Fre
qu
en
cy
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
01
23
4
Data Pilihan
Nilai Data
Nila
i F
reku
en
si
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
01
23
4
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Novi Reandy Sasmita Computational and Applied Statistics Research Group (CASRG)
Mathematics Department Syiah Kuala University
[email protected], [email protected] http://rianprestasi.blogspot.com
> plot(x, main="Data Pilihan", xlab="Nilai Data", ylab="Nilai Frekuensi", col="blue")
> stripchart(x, main="Data Pilihan", col="blue")
> plot(x, main="Data Pilihan", xlab="Nilai Data", ylab="Nilai Frekuensi", col="blue", type="h")
> plot(x, main="Data Pilihan", col="blue", type="l")
5 10 15
12
34
56
7
Data Pilihan
Nilai Data
Nila
i F
reku
en
si
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Data Pilihan
5 10 15
12
34
56
7
Data Pilihan
Index
x
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Novi Reandy Sasmita Computational and Applied Statistics Research Group (CASRG)
Mathematics Department Syiah Kuala University
[email protected], [email protected] http://rianprestasi.blogspot.com
> boxplot(x, main="Data Pilihan", col="blue")
Tugas :
1. Buatlah sebuah output dengan bentuk : [1] 1.0 2.0 3.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 3.0 2.0 1.0 Note : penulisan untuk data tersebut harus dimisalkan, jangan diinput melalui nama variabel = c( , , ). Kemudian, buatlah output seperti gambar dibawah ini dengan menggunakan output di atas.
2. Buatlah sebuah output dengan bentuk seperti dibawah ini :
5 10 15
12
34
56
7
Data Pilihan
Index
x
12
34
56
7
Data Pilihan
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
02
46
8
Data Latihan
Banyaknya Data Yang berulang
Nila
i D
ata
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Novi Reandy Sasmita Computational and Applied Statistics Research Group (CASRG)
Mathematics Department Syiah Kuala University
[email protected], [email protected] http://rianprestasi.blogspot.com
The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the | 8 | 028 9 | 115578 10 | 1669 11 | 01