data and information

Data and Information

J21101 Information Technology I

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What is data?• Kobe Bryant• 34• LA Lakers• Guard• Jason Kidd• 41• Brooklyn Nets• Coach• Lebron James• 28• Miami Heat• Forward

Data is a collection of names, dates, numbers, statistics, images etc. that represent something from which information can be obtained.

The word data is the plural of datum, from the Latin word dare, "to give", hence "something given“.

Princess Sirindhorn’s College Mattayom 1

http://www.ask.com/wiki/Latin?qsrc=3044

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Images as Data• Thai food

• Jump


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What is information?• Information is data that has been

processed and analyzed in such a way as to be meaningful to the person who receives it.

• It is any thing that is communicated and it gives a message.

• from the Latin stem (information-) of the nominative (informatio): this noun is derived from the verb "informare" (to inform) in the sense of "to give form to the mind", "to discipline", "instruct", "teach"


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin

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Information gives a message…• Shortlist of Candidates for USA Dream

Team 2015Name Age Team Position

Kobe Bryant 34 LA Lakers Guard

Jason Kidd 41 Brooklyn Nets Coach

Lebron James 28 Miami Heat Forward

Derrick Rose 23 Chicago Bulls Guard

Chris Paul 27 Brooklyn Nets Guard

Dwight Howard 26 Houston Rockets Center


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EXERCISES


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Data: Letters

G A L L I F N

3 letters 4 letter 5 letters 6 letters 7 letters


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Data: Images


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Data: Letters and Numbers• Grocery items


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• Research• Types of data and data processing


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TYPES OF DATA


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Objectives• Learn about the different types of data• Understand the language of computers• Apply the basic operations in computer

programming


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Data types• Alphabet (characters and symbols) –

Noon, birthday, Princess Sirindhorn’s College

• Numerals (numbers) – 0, 1, 1000, 2556• Alphanumeric (combination of characters

and numbers) – November 9 2011, 8/6 Sanam Chan, Muang 73000

• Symbols – ( ), /, * , [ ], %, &, #, @

• Give 5 examples for each typePrincess Sirindhorn’s College Mattayom 1

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How a computer reads data• To process data, the computer converts

human language into computer language using the binary coding system

• Binary is a mathematical number system: a way of counting – 0 and 1.


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Bits and Bytes• The smallest unit of data is the bit. • It can be used to store only 2 values – 0

and 1.• A byte is made up of 8 bits.

0 1 bit1 1 bit

110 4 bits1101011 8 bits

How are you?


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Words into Binary Code

1000010

Boy

1101111

1111001


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Exercise Binary Code• Convert the following into binary code

– abc@123– Gerardo– 4 + 5 = 9– 6/8 Moo 5– +6692-1175020


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DATA PROCESSING


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Human Language vs. Computer Language

• Every spoken language has a general set of rules for how words and sentences should be structured. These rules are collectively known as the language syntax.

• Semantic – understandable English language

• Syntatic – computer language or syntax


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Human Language vs. Computer Language

• In computer programming, syntax serves the same purpose, defining how declarations, functions, commands, and other statements should be arranged.


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Basic Mathematical Operations• Multiplication ( * ) – 2 * 5• Division ( / ) – 10 / 2• Addition ( + ) – 1 + 2• Subtraction ( - ) 8 – 1• Parentheses ( ) – (2 + 5) * 4• Braces [ ] – [(3 - 8) + 2] / 3


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Exercises• Write the following formulas in the correct

syntax• 4 x 3 - 2 ÷ 5 + 1• 25 - 5 + 10 x 2 ÷ 3• 1 + 2 ÷ 3 * 3 – 9• Area of a Rectangle = L x W x H• Area of a Triangle = • F - C, C - F


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DATA MANAGEMENT


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Data Management• Collecting• Storing• Retrieving• Analyzing


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Data Collection


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Point-of-Sale (POS)

ManagersAccountants

SalesI.T.

28Princess Sirindhorn’s College Mattayom 1

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Data Storage• Paper is the most popular

method of storing data, e.g. books

• Advantage– Paper does not need electricity– Portable– Inexpensive– Does not need special equipment

to read


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• Disadvantages of using paper

• Paper gets old, yellow and brittle.

• Books take up too much space.

• Hard to search for information.

• Not environmentally friendlyPrincess Sirindhorn’s College Mattayom 1

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Trees to paper

http://conservatree.org/learn/EnviroIssues/TreeStats.shtml

• 1 tree makes 16.67 reams of copy paper or 8,333.3 sheets

• 1 ream (500 sheets) uses 6% of a tree


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• Digital Media, e.g. DVD, Flash Drive, Hard Disk Drive

• One megabyte can hold around 500 pages of text, comparable to one thick book.

Name Number of Bytes Amount of TextKilobyte (KB) 210 or 1,024 1/2 page

Megabyte (MB) 220 or 1,048,576 500 pages or 1 thick book

Gigabyte (GB) 230 or 1,073,741,824 500,000 pages or 1,000 thick books

Terabyte (TB) 240 or 1,099,511,627,776 1 million thick books


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Database• A database is a collection of data that is

organised so that its contents can be easily accessed, managed and updated.

• A database is a logically organized collection of related data designed and built for a specific purpose

• Access - obtain or retrieve from a storage device


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Databases Hierarchy• Files: collections of related records

– Records: collections of related fields• Field: unit of data containing 1 or more characters

– Character: a letter number or special character


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What is the importance of a Database?

• Data are organized, stored and retrieved quickly.

• It allows managers to make correct decisions and predictions in their business.

• It allows analysts to make reports by extracting information from the database.


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Exercise• Identify the Categories, Records and

FieldsCategory

Field RecordPrincess Sirindhorn’s College Mattayom 1

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY


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Effects of Automated Data Processing

• Advantages• Improves efficiency

– Computers can perform repetitive tasks faster– Computers don’t get bored or get sick

• Reduce mistakes– Less human error– GIGO – Garbage In, Garbage Out

• Cost Savings– Email vs. Snail Mail– ATM (24/7) vs. Over-the-counter– 1 robot per 5,000 people


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Information Technology defined• IT is the application of computers and all

forms of technology to create, store, retrieve, transmit, exchange, use and manipulate information in its various forms, ie. multimedia– Printed, e.g. books, magazines, newspaper– Non-printed, e.g. video, audio/sound, internet


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Sources of Information


Books, journals, magazines, newspapers

Internet (Google, Yahoo, YouTube, Wikipedia)

Movies, Television, Radio

Multimedia presentations

People (teachers, parents, classmates, friends)

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Importance of IT

Global

Economic

Society

Personal


• Computer-controlled machines, e.g. laptop, microwave ovens, washing machines, mobile phones helps make house work easier

• Improve ones health thru research

• Education for all• Government is on 24/7• Can easily communicate with one

another

• E-Commerce (cash-less)• Online shopping (convenience)• Robots in factories, airplanes, trains

(costs less)

• World without borders• New technology available to

everyone

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Positive Impact of IT• E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce)

– The buying and selling of products and services through the Internet, e.g. of some e-tailers (electronic retailers): • www.amazon.com sells books and other things• airline e-ticketing

• Automated Banking and Credit Card Payment System– Offers convenient and easy way of getting

money and paying for productsPrincess Sirindhorn’s College Mattayom 1

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Positive Impact of IT• Microprocessor-controlled devices mean

that we have more leisure time to relax and enjoy ourselves instead of doing household chores.

• We are able to communicate with people very easily using computers, mobile phones, etc. We can become part of online social networks, making friends with people from all over the world.


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Positive Impact of IT• Computers and Internet connections mean

that many of the tasks that involved us leaving the house, for example, shopping for music, clothes or food, can now be done on-line.

• IT has enabled any one (person, company, university, etc.) to be ubiquitous, i.e. being virtually present any time, at any place


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IT in Business


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IT in Education, Science and Engineering


1995:The first full length feature movie created by a computer is released. Toy Story.

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IT in Media


News and information in

real-time

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Negative Impacts of IT

• Over-dependency to technology– Decline in creativity, intelligence, activeness

and innocence• Destructive Innovation

– Computers replace people in their jobs


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Negative Impact of IT

• Data Theft– Identity, company records, loss of money

• Loss of information or inaccessible– Breakdown of the system

• Storage Capacity is limited– As your company grows, your database also

grows. The size of these files can cause the computer to run more slowly, thus cutting down on productivity

HACKER
