DATA SHARING FOR

COMMON GOOD

Francesca Bria

Comisionada de Tecnología e

Innovación Digital

Ajuntament de Barcelonawww.ajuntament.barcelona.cat/digital/ca

@francesca_bria

Digital CommissionerBarcelona City Hall

@Francesca_briaDATA AND AI FOR GOOD

WHAT’S THE ROLE OF CITIES?

barcelona.cat/digital

THE CONTEXT: THE ROBOT ECONOMY

THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

PLATFORM ECONOMY: NEW ALGORITHMIC INSTITUTIONS

DEMOCRATIZING DATA AND AI?

DATA IS THE RAW MATERIAL OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

Lots of what tech companies (that received massive governments funding in the first place) are extracting and monetizing is us, it’s data.

“Who owns the data will decide in the end whether democracy, a participatory social model and economic prosperity can be combined” Angela Merkel

DATA EXTRACTIVISM

SURVEILLANCE CAPITALISM

BLACK BOX SOCIETY?

The most important technology of our era is AI, particularly machine learning/deep learning (Amazon & Google invest over $10BL in R&D yearly; China’s State Council 2030 AI policy).

WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL, ETHICAL & ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF AI?

WHAT’S THE ROLE OF CITIES? CREATING PUBLIC VALUESMART, EQUITABLE, DEMOCRATIC CITIES

MISSION-ORIENTED INNOVATIONDATA & AI FOR A BETTER CITY

AFFORDABLE HOUSING, HEALTH CARE, SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY, ENERGY TRANSITION, GREEN PUBLIC SPACES- TARGET CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPROVE AIR QUALITY

Starts from citizens needs, bottom-up approach. Tackle big societal long term challenges

COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE FOR DEMOCRACY

Decidim.Barcelona is the Barcelona’s participatory democracy platform: open source, auditable, collaborative, trustable, common.

It hosts participatory processes, government strategic planning, citizen initiatives, large scale deliberation, participatory budget…

Online + offline hybrid

Propose, meet, deliberate, decide, monitor: Join democracy

OPEN AND AGILE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

Technology Code of Practice

A set of criteria to help Barcelona select appropriate open technologies and define the commitments to open-source, open standards, interoperability, security and transparency.

Data Strategy

An approach to handling the city’s data with ownership, privacy, sovereignty and ethical use & innovation at the core. Defines Data architecture and infrastructure for Barcelona at City-Scale

New Procurement Framework &

Digital Marketplace

A new procurement instrument optimized for buyingagile services from pre-evaluated suppliers. This willallow more efficient procurement cycles and reduce supplier risk.

Capability Plan & Hiring

An approach to developing and maintaining the skill and capabilities required for delivering digital services and a staffing approach for securing new skills in the short term.

Digital Service Delivery Standard

A set of criteria to help Barcelona create and run good & agile digital services. Services will be consistent and of high quality.

Technology Buying Handbook

A set of guidelines to help Barcelona select appropriate open technologies and technology services to avoid proprietary lock-in and closed architectures.

MissioDelivery Approach

ETHICAL DIGITAL STANDARDS FOR CITIES

ethical-digital-standards-bcn.netlify.com

ETHICAL, RESPONSIBLE DATA STRATEGY

– Data sovereignty, data portability, data trusts

– Privacy & security by design

– Data Infrastructure at City-Scale

(open standards; open APIs)

– Accountable technology (algorithmic transparency)

ALGORITHMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: NORMS AND PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS AUTOMATED DECISION SYSTEMS AND ENSURE ACCOUNTABILITY. BCN-NYC COLLABORATION.

A NEW CITY-LEVEL DATA STRATEGY THAT HAS TRANSPARENCY, PRIVACY, SECURITY AND ETHICAL USE OF DATA FOR INNOVATION AT ITS CORE

CITY DATA COMMONS

A NEW DEAL ON DATA: DATA SOVEREIGNTY FOR CITIZENS

DATA FOR TRANSPARENCY-ANTI CORRUPTION

SENTILO – OPEN SENSOR & IoT PLATFORM

1,62M habitants BCN150.000 lampposts40.000 garbage containers80.000 public parking spots in the street

10 typologiesEnergy, Noise, Garbage, Meteo data, Parking, Air quality, Water meter, Bicycle flow, People flow, Vehicle flow

http://sentilo.bcn.cat/connecta-catalog-web/component/map

3.000.000 records per day

1.800 components / divices14.000 sensors / data items30 sensor companies

SENTILO - APPLICATIONS

Energy monitoring Noise monitoring

10.000 sensors in

95 municipal buildings

55 solar thermal installations

10 meters

60 devices in

10 city areas

50 devices in

3 city areas (Eixample, Sants, SantMartí)

Water metering Urban Lab

SENTILO - APPLICATIONS

Garbage Collection Parking spots

1.900 sensors and

650 devices in

7 city areas

1.900 sensors and

450 devices in Les corts

OPEN DATA ANALYTIC PLATFORM: CITYOS

MAYOR’S OFFICE FOR DATA ANALYTICS

Mission: Actionable Insight for Barcelona Government

– Support more effective delivery of public services to Barcelona citizens for greater equity, safety, and quality of life

– Grow and advance Big-Data pilots & analytics to improve decision-making and citizens’ engagement

– Promote a genuinely collaborative and innovative economy

– Open the algorithmic “black box”

Data and Algorithmic Transparency

BLOCKCHAIN FOR DATA SOVEREIGNTYENABLE SOCIAL & COMMUNAL RIGHTS TO DATA

DECODE provides tools that put individuals in control of whether they keep their personal information private or share it for the common good.

Who is DECODE? 14 partners, 6 countries

We want citizens to decide who to share their data with, under which rules, when and for what

purpose. Data handling and usage is transparent & privacy-friendly

BCN DATA-DRIVEN PARTECIPATORY DEMOCRACY

• Open source platform for

partecipatory democracy +30k

usersdecidim.barcelona

• Accountability on signing petitions & online voting, yet privacy on political beliefs

• Detection of city problems

• Provide tools to users with similar interests tointeract

• Partecipatory budgeting

IoT CITIZEN SENSING- COMMUNITY RIGHT TO DATA

smartcitizen.me/makingsense

• IoT data might be privacy-sensitive

• Crowd sensing of a problem with IoT

in a community

• Users can decide to whom and under

which conditions they share data

PERSONALISED DATA COMMONS DASHBOARDbcnnow.decodeproject.eu

Visualize personalized & relevant citizen interests

merging public data + data from the commons + personal interests to find/be found by similar profiles while ensuring privacy

BCN DATA COMMONS/ DECODE IMPLEMENTATION

BCN Data

Citizens/Business/Academia/ communities

BCN Data Teams

Insight

Use caees

Insight

BCN Data Analytics Office

GROW A CITY INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM THAT USES TECH, DATA AND AI TO FOSTER A SMART, SUSTAINABLE AND INCLUSIVE ECONOMY

DIGITAL INNOVATION

URBAN INNOVATION LAB: CITY URBAN CHALLENGES

CITY DATA CHALLENGESA series of challenge prizes that invited corporates, startups and individuals to developinnovative solutions to social and urban issues using open data, ethics, security & privacy bydesign: EDUCATION, MOBILITY, GENDER GAP IN TECH

.

Data and Algorithmic Transparency

BARCELONA DIGITAL HUB: LET’S MAKE BCN THE CAPITAL OF DATA AND TECH FOR THE COMMON GOOD

DATA SHARING FOR

COMMON GOOD

Nacho Alamillo

General Manager

Astrea la Infopistawww.astrea.cat

@NachoAlamillo

Good practices for sharing personal data in the new data economy

Nacho Alamillo

Doctor en Dret, advocat Col·legi de Reus, CISA, CISM, COBIT 5 (f), ITIL v3 (f)

Director General Astrea, la Infopista Jurídica

Good practices for sharing personal data in the new data economy

OPORTUNITATS I RISCOS DE L’ÚS DE LES DADES PER A LES DECISIONS

UN JOC D’EQUILIBRIS COMPLEX, QUE HA DE TENIR UNA MIRADA ÉTICA DES DEL DISSENY

1. Bases legals per al tractament de dades (ex. Consentiment, missió en interès públic, interessos legítims,...).Exemple: H2020 Entropy project.

2. Dret a l’oblit vs Dret a ésser recordat.3. L’aparició del Dret a ser tingut en compte?

EL COMPLIMENT DELS PRINCIPIS DE PROTECCIÓ DE DADES ENS AJUDA FORÇA!

1. Licitud, lleialtat i transparència.2. Limitació de la finalitat. Alerta a les comparticions de la informació.3. Minimització de dades.4. Exactitud.5. Limitació del termini de conservació.6. Integritat i confidencialitat.

ANONIMITZACIÓ I ÚS DE SEUDÒNIMS A LA DATA SHARING ECONOMY. LA NECESSITAT DE MILLORS PRÀCTIQUES

Good practices for sharing personal data in the new data economy

Good practices… diagrama general de millor actuació

Good practices… diagrama general de millor actuació

Good practices… procés d’anonimització

Good practices… riscos de reidentificació

Good practices... estratègia d’anonimització

Good practices… privacy by design

Good practices… privacy by design

Good practices… mesures de seguretat

Compartir dades personals de forma respectuosa és viable, però cal compliramb els principis i requeriments de dades de caràcter personal.

Disposar de millors pràctiques no ens allibera de la nostra responsabilitat,però ens permet adoptar una conducta proactiva, de protecció dels drets illibertats de les persones, que ens ajuda a reduir el risc.

Les millors pràctiques són “work in progress”, però permeten evitarcometre errors greus per manca de consciencia.

En cas de dubte, prudència i, en el seu cas, consulta a organismesespecialitzats i a les autoritats de control pertinents.

GRÀCIES PER LA VOSTRA ATENCIÓ

Dubtes, comentaris, etc.: nacho@astrea.cat

DATA SHARING FOR

COMMON GOOD

Jordi Vitrià

Catedrático

Universidad de Barcelonawww.ub.edu

@bitenmascarado

Data and Ethics: From

Transparency to Data Literacy.

Conclusions of the Open Workshop on Ethics and DataBarcelona, October 2018

Jordi VitriàUniversitat de Barcelona

Jordi Vitrià

Catedràtic de Llenguatges i Sistemes Informàtics de la UB

Frederic Udina

Director de l’Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya.

Carlos Castillo

Distinguished ResearchProfessor UPF

Antoni DedeuDirector de la Agència de Qualitat i AvaluacióSanitàries de Catalunya

Focus of the session: Algorithms and Decisions.

The Need for Algorithmic Transparency

Algorithms are aimed at taking optimal decisions about everything. They can save

lives and make a lot of things easier for both, public (school assignment, health care

delivery, subsidies, etc.) and private organizations (financial success, market

success, career success, dating success, etc.).

Still, there is a growing worry: they can also put too much control in the hands of

corporations and governments, perpetuate bias, create filter bubbles, cut choices, and

could result in greater unemployment.

Scientific advance:Machine Learning

Technologicaldevelopment:

Datification andMassive Data Sets

Inevitability: Algorithms will continue to spread everywhere

Open future: Good things may lieahead

What is Algorithmic Transparency?

“Much like the way we wish to know the place and under what conditions our food and clothing are made, we should question how our data and decisions are made as well”.

Susan Etlinger, Altimeter Group

Are Google's search results biased against Trump? Who knows!

Credit: Carlos Castillo

Why Algorithmic Transparency?

Transparency is a means to an end. What is the end?

To empower the user to challenge the algorithmic decision. Anything less is insufficient.

Access to code and data is not enough!

Favor open solutions, which is not sufficient, but helpful

Algorithmic audits executed by a competent authority bound to confidentiality

Algorithmic impact assessment before introducing a new algorithmic decision making process

What about the public sector?

Needs:

• Citizens are experiencing a crisis of confidence.• Citizens have rights: the right to know about their own data.• The public sector is a source of “Data for Good” (but there

are privacy and security limits).• Promotion of evidence-based policymaking. • Transparency.

What about the public sector?

Credit: Frederic Udina

Data Literacy: Why?

Up to now, companies and governments have profited from

the data revolution.

We are also aware of its limits.

How to extend this revolution to citizens?

Job Market?Not enough

Assumption:You can lie with data, but there is no truth/evidence without data.

Data Literacy: How?

Establish a social dialogue about the use of data, its advantages, its consequences and its dangers.

Respond to (possibly real) fears with a set of actions (legal, professional, civic, etc.).

But, previously, it is necessary to establish some foundations that are productive for this dialogue and to escape from the apocalyptic or naive visions.

Human obsolescence?

Citizen irrelevance?

In order to be an open society, citizens must be data literate.That is, they must be able of interrogating and challenging all

social processes that affect their life.

Consumers/Citizens Influencers Makers Data/AI Scientists

Different roles for different data-literate persons.

Data Literacy: How?

Bias, filter bubble, cut choices, etc.

Statistical literacy, data ethics, etc.

Tools, AI literacy, etc. Scientific knowledge

Are we ready to consider the translation of ethical principles to human rights?

What can we do at our universities, schools, cities, to advance in data literacy?

We are not facing a binary dilemma. How do we engage in a fruitful, open, social discussion about our data

future?

Open Questions

DATA SHARING FOR

COMMON GOOD