data visualization (cis/dsc 468) - umass ddkoop/cis468/lectures/lecture02.pdfmarvin gaye...

Data Visualization (CIS/DSC 468)

Definitions

Dr. David Koop

D. Koop, CIS 468, Spring 2017

What is Data Visualization?

2D. Koop, CIS 468, Spring 2017

What are the purposes of visualization?


Exploration <-> Communication Spectrum


Exploration CommunicationConfirmation

http://kpq.github.io/chartsnthings/2013/09/19-sketches-of-quarterback-timelines.html

Consecutive Starts by a Quarterback for a Single Team


Exploration <-> Communication Spectrum


Exploration CommunicationConfirmationQuestions Answers/Persuasion


Consecutive Starts by a Quarterback for a Single Team


Where have you seen visualizations?


Books / Posters


[Rock 'N' Roll is Here to Pay, R. Garofalo, 1977]

FAQAlbum or artist: Search...Music Timeline

popu

larit

y

1982

ThrillerMichael Jackson

2003

Chocolate FactoryR. Kelly

2006

Back To BlackAmy Winehouse

2007

Good Girl Gone BadRihanna

2007

Marvin Gaye '50'Marvin Gaye

2014

XChris Brown

2014

In The Lonely HourSam Smith

1988

Past MastersThe Beatles

2006

The Essential Elvis Presley 3.0Elvis Presley

2009

My Kind Of ChristmasDean Martin

2010

Teenage DreamKaty Perry

2012

Four of a Kind - 200 Classic SongsThe Everly Brothers

2015

DeliriumEllie Goulding

2015

VMaroon 5

19501950

1950

19601960

1960

19701970

1970

19801980

1980

19901990

1990

20002000

2000

20102010

2010Comedy/SpokenWord/Other

World

Vocal/Easy Listening

Folk LatinReggae

Dance/ElectronicR&B/Soul

Blues Hip-Hop/Rap

Alternative/Indie

Country

Metal

Jazz Rock

Pop

Web


[Music Timeline, Google Research]

http://music-timeline.appspot.com

What is the advantage of the second version?


Interaction


Visualization Exploration and Communication


MTA Fare Data Exploration




A U G U S TS U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

2 3

10

17

24

31

9

16

23

30

SD SDHOU DETDETT OR DET

DET DETCHW COLCHWSD CHW

BOS BOSLAA LAALAADET LAA

TB TBTOR TORTORBOS TOR

BAL BALTOR TORTORTB TOR

1

8

15

22

29

1

7

14

21

28

3

6

13

20

27

2

5

12

19

26

1

4

11

18

25

1:10 1:10 10:10 8:40

8:104:10 8:10 8:10 1:10 7:05 1:05

7:05TBA 7:05

7:071:40 7:07 7:077:07 7:05 1:05

7:05 1:05 7:10 4:05

1:10TBA 7:05 7:05 1:05 7:10 7:10

YES YES YES

YES YES MY9 YES YES YES YES

TBA YES YES YES YES MY9 FOX

TBA YES MY9 YES YES MY9 YES

YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

S E P T E M B E RS U N M O N T U E W E D T H U F R I S A T

6 7

14

21

28

30

13

20

27

29

BOS BOSCHW BOSCHWBAL CHW

BOS BOSBAL BALBALBOS BAL

SF SFTORTOR TOR TORBOS

HOU HOUTB TBTBSF TB

T OR T ORCHW CHWHOUHOU HOU

5

12

19

26

28

4

11

18

25

27

3

10

17

24

30

2

9

16

23

30

1

8

15

22

29ALL GAMES ARE EASTERN TIME.

1:051:05 7:05 7:05 7:05 7:05 1:05

7:05TBA 7:05 7:05 7:05 7:10 1:05

1:10TBA 7:07

1:102:10 1:10

7:07 7:07 7:05 TBA

1:101:05 7:05 7:05 7:05 8:10 TBA

TBA YES MY9 YES YES MY9 FOX

YES YES YES YES YES YES FOX

TBA YES MY9 YES YES YES TBA

YES YES

YES YES

MY9 YES YES YES TBA

2 013 R E G U L A R S E A S O N S C H E D U L E

Administrivia• Course Web Site • Syllabus

- Plagiarism - Accommodations

• Textbook - Munzner (required) - Murray (available online)

• Assignments • Exams (2 + Final, 3 Total) • Registration

- Add/Drop Deadline Friday


http://www.cis.umassd.edu/~dkoop/cis468

http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000345/index.html

Textbooks


Munzner Murray

Do not cheat!


Do not cheat • Cheating on assignments, projects, and exams is not allowed • You will receive a zero on the assignment/project/exam • It will be reported to the department and university • If it repeats, you will fail the course • You can be kicked out of the university


Do ask questions!


Do ask questions• If you are stuck on a specific issue with an assignment:

- Do email me with specific questions - Do consult books, online documentation, tutorials - Do discuss that specific issue with a classmate

• If you are asked about a question: - Do not share your code - If the questioner is trying to cheat, walk away - If you see an obvious mistake, kindly point it out - Suggest a specific function or library that may be useful


DYKERBEACHPARK

WESTCHESTER

THE BRONX

NASS

AU

QUE

ENS

NASSAU QUEENS

QUEENSBROOKLYN

J a m a i c aB a y

Ha

r l em

Ri v e r

Ea s t R i v e r

E a s t Ri v e r

Lo

ng

I

sl a

nd

So

u

nd

Hu

ds

on

Ri

ve

r

14

AirTrain stops/terminal numbers

7

58

2/3

Q33 (ends Sep 7)

Q72Q47

M60

M60

M60M60Q47Q48Q70 LtdQ72

Q70 Ltd(starts Sep 8)

Q48

Q10

Q10

B15Q10

AIRTRAIN JFK

AIRTRAIN JFK

Q3

Q3

Q70 Ltd (starts Sep 8)

LIRR

LIRR

LIRR

LIRR

LIRR

Met

ro-N

orth

Metro-North

Metro-North

Met

ro-N

orth

LIRR

PATH

PATH

Amtrak

Amtra

k

Amtrak

Amtrak

NJTransit • Amtrak

PATH

weekends

Bowling GreenBowling Green44••55

Broad St Broad St J J••ZZ

Rector StRector StRR

World TradeWorld TradeCenterCenter

E

DeKalb AvB•Q•R

Hoyt St2•3

Clark S

t2• 3

Union StR

Carroll S

tF• G

Bergen

St

F• G

Broad St J•Z

York St

F

CityHallR

Rector StR

Franklin St1

Canal St1

Prince StN•R

Houston St1

14 St A•C•E

50 St1

50 StC•E

59 StColumbus Circle

A•B•C•D•1

66 St Lincoln Center

1

72 St1•2•3

79 St1

86 St1

96 St1•2•3

103 St1

CathedralPkwy

(110 St )1

116 St ColumbiaUniversity

1

137 StCity

College1

145 St1

157 St1

175 StA

181 StA

190 StA

Dyckman St A

238 St1

Norwood205 StD

Mosholu Pkwy4

Bedford Pk BlvdLehman College

4

Kingsbridge Rd4

Fordham Rd4

Allerton Av2•5

183 St4

Burnside Av4

176 St4

Mt Eden Av4

170 St4

174 St2•5

Bronx ParkEast

2•5

Pelham Pkwy2•5

Freeman St2•5

Simpson St2•5

E 180 St2•5

West Farms Sq

E Tremont Av2 •5

167 St4

161 St

Yankee Stadium

B •D •4

Van Cortlandt Park242 St

1

Lexington

Av/63 St

F

14 St–U

nion Sq

L• N• Q

• R• 4• 5• 6

L

• N• Q• R

3 Av

L 1 Av

L

8 St-NYUN•R

Christopher St

Sheridan Sq1

Canal StJ•N•QR•Z•6

Canal StA•C•E

Spring St6

Spring StC•E

W 4 St Wash Sq A•B•C•D•E•F•M

8 Av

L

QueensPlazaE •M

•R

69 St7

52 St7 46 St

Bliss St 740 St

Lowery St

733 St-Rawson St

7

61 StWoodside

7 •Q70 Ltd LGA Airport

(starts Sep 8)

36 StM•R

90 St–Elmhurst Av7

Junction Blvd 7•Q72 LGA Airport

103 St–Corona Plaza7

111 St 7•Q48 LGA Airport

Elmhurst

Av

M• R

Grand Av

Newtown

M

• R Woodhaven Blvd

M

• R 63 Dr–R

ego Park

M

• R• Q72 LG

A Airport

Forest Hills

71 Av

E• F• M• R

75 Av

E• F Bria

rwood

Van W

yck Blvd

E• F

Sutphin BlvdF

Parsons Blvd F

169 StF

Jamaica

Van Wyc

kE

Kew Gardens

Union Tpke

E

• F67 Av

M

• R

21 StQueens-

bridgeF

39 AvN •Q

Steinway StM•R

46 St M

•R

Northern Blvd

M•R

65 St

M•R

74 St–Broadway

Q70 Ltd LGA Airport • 7

82 St–Jackson Hts7

36 AvN •Q

30 AvN•Q

Astoria BlvdN•Q

AstoriaDitmars Blvd

N•Q

Court Sq-23 StE•M

6 Av L 14 St1•2•3

18 St1

14 St F•M

23 StF•M

23 St1

23 StC•E

23 StN•R

33 St6

Hunters Point Av7•LIRR

Vernon BlvdJackson Av

7

21 StG

Queensboro Plaza

N•Q•7

Court SqG•7

68 StHunter College6

77 St6

86 St4•5•6

96 St6

103 St6

110 St6

Central ParkNorth (110 St) 2•3

116 St6

72 StB•C

81 St–Museum of Natural History B•C

86 St B•C

96 StB•C

103 StB•C

Cathedral Pkwy(110 St)B•C

116 StB•C

125 StA•B•C•D

125 St2•3 • M60 LaGuardia Airport

125 St4•5•6

135 StB•C

135 St2•3

116 St2•3

3 Av138 St6

Brook Av

6

Cypress Av

6

E 143 StSt Mary’s St

6145 StA•B•C•D

191 St1

Bedford Pk BlvdB•D

Kingsbridge RdB•D

Fordham RdB•D

182–183 StsB•D

Tremont Av B•D

174–175 StsB•D

170 StB•D

Morris Park5

Pelham Pkwy5

Burke Av2•5

Gun Hill Rd 2•5

219 St 2•5

225 St2•5

233 St2•5

Nereid Av2•5

Wakefield 241 St2

Gun Hill Rd5

Baychester Av5

EastchesterDyre Av5

167 StB•D

E 149 St6

Longwood Av6

Hunts Point Av6

Whitlock Av6

Elder Av6

Morrison Av Soundview 6

St Lawrence Av6

Castle Hill Av6

Zerega Av6

Middletown Rd6

Buhre Av6

Pelham Bay Park6

Parkchester6

181 St1

155 S

t

B

• D15

5 St

C

163 St–Amsterdam Av C

145 St3

149 S

t–Grand

Concourse

2• 4• 5

Harlem148 St3

57 StF

57 St-7 AvN•Q•R

49 StN•Q•R

7 AvB •D

•E

28 St1

28 St N•R

28 St6

23 St6

Astor Pl 6

BoweryJ• ZEast

BroadwayF

2 Av

F

Bleecker St

6 B’way–L

afayette

St

B• D• F• M

Essex

St

F

• J• M• Z

Delance

y St

Grand St B•D

Prospect AvR

25 StR

36 StD•N•R

45 StR

53 StR

59 StN•R

8 Av

N

Fort Hamilto

n

PkwyN

New Utrecht A

vN 18

AvN

20 Av

N

Bay Pkwy

N

KingsHwy

N

Avenue U N86 St

N

62 St

D

71 St

D

79 St

D

18 Av D

20 Av D

Bay Pkwy

D 25 AvD

Bay 50 StD

Coney IslandStillwell Av

D•F•N•Q

55 St

D

50 St

DFort Hamilto

n

PkwyD

9 Av

DDitm

as Av

F

18 Av

F

Avenue I

F

Bay

PkwyF

Bay Ridge AvR

77 StR

86 StR

Bay Ridge95 St

R

Jay St Jay St MetroTechMetroTechAA••CC••FF••RR

Jay St MetroTechA•C•F•R

Lafayette AvC

ParkPlS

Fulton StG

Smith

9 Sts F• G

4 Av–9

St

F• G• R 7 AvF• G

15 St

Prospect P

arkF• G

Fort HamiltonPkwy

F•G

Church AvF• G

Avenue N

F Avenue P

FKings H

wy

F

Avenue U

F

Avenue X

FNeptune Av

F

West 8 StNY AquariumF•Q

Ocean PkwyQ

Brighton BeachB•Q

Sheepshead Bay

B• Q

Neck Rd

Q

Avenue U

Q

Kings Hwy

B• Q

Avenue M

Q

Avenue J

Q

Avenue H

Q

Newkirk Plaza

B• Q

Cortelyo

u Rd

Q

Beverle

y Rd

Q

Church Av

B• QFlatbush

Av

Brooklyn Colle

ge

2• 5

Newkirk Av

2• 5

Beverly

Rd

2• 5

Church Av

2• 5

Winthrop St

2• 5

Sterling St 2•5

President St 2•5

CanarsieRockaway PkwyL

East 105 StL

Aqueduct North Conduit Av

A

Aqueduct RacetrackA

Van Siclen AvCLiberty

AvC

Ozone ParkLefferts BlvdA

111 StA

104 StA

Rockaway Blvd A

88 St A

80 StA

Grant AvA

Euclid AvA•C

Shepherd AvC Howard Beach

JFK Airport AAtlantic Av

L

Alabama AvJ

New Lots Av L B15 JFK Airport

Crescent StJ•Z

Norwood Av Z rush hrs, J other times

Cleveland St J

Bushwick Av

Aberdeen St

L

Wilson Av

L

DeKalb Av

LJe

fferso

n St

L

Flushing Av

J• MLorim

er St

J• MBroadway

G

Nassau Av

G

Greenpoint Av

G

Lorimer S

t

L Graham

Av

L Grand St

L Montrose

Av

L Morgan Av

L

Livonia Av L

Sutter

AvL

Nostrand Av

A •CFranklin Av

C •S

Kingston

Throop Avs

C

Utica AvA •C

Ralph Av

C

Chauncey St

Z rush hours,

J other times

MyrtleWyckoff AvsL•M

Halsey St

J Gates Av

Z rush hours,

J other times

Kosciuszko St

JMyrtle Av

J •M•Z

Central Av M

Seneca AvM

MyrtleWilloughby Avs G

Flushing Av

GMarcy Av

J• M• Z

Metropolitan Av G

Bedford Av

L

Fresh Pond RdM

Halsey

St

L

Rockaway

AvC

Broad

way

Junc

tion

A

• C• J• L

• Z

Parkside AvQ

Prospect Park B•Q•S

Botanic Garden S

Clinton

Washington AvsG

Classon AvG

Hewes

St J• M

Bedford

Nostrand AvsG

Clinton

Washington Avs

C

HoytSchermerhorn

A•C•G

Kingston Av3

Franklin Av

2• 3• 4• 5

BroadwayN•Q

Knickerbocker Av M

Middle VillageMetropolitan AvM

Forest AvM

High StA•C

Atlantic Av–Barclays Ctr B•Q•2•3•4•5•LIRR

Whitehall StSouth FerryR

Bowling Green4•5

Wall St4•5 Wall St

2•3

Fulton St

Chambers St1•2•3

Park Place 2•3

Chambers StJ•ZBrooklyn BridgeCity Hall 4•5•6

Chambers St A•C

Atlantic

Av–Barc

lays C

tr

D• N• R• LIRR

Bergen

St2• 3

7 Av

B• Q

Nevins St2•3•4•5

Borough Hall

2• 3• 4• 5

Court StR

Grand Arm

yPlaz

a2• 3

Easter

n Pkwy

Brooklyn M

useum

2• 3

34 StPenn

Station A•C•E•LIRR

42 StPort AuthorityBus Terminal

A•C•E Times Sq-42 St

N•Q•R•S•1•2•3•7Grand Central42 StS•4•5•6•7•Metro-North

47–50 StsRockefeller CtrB•D•F•M

34 StPenn

Station1•2•3•LIRR

34 StHerald Sq

B•D•FM•N•Q•R

42 StBryant PkB•D•F•M

5 Av 7

Lexington Av/53 St E•M

59 St 4•5•6

51 St 6

Lexington Av/59 StN•Q•R

5 Av/53 StE•M

5 Av/59 StN•Q•R

125 St1

168 St A•C•1 A•C

Dyckman St1

Inwood207 St

A

215 St1

3 Av–149 St2•5

Woodlawn4

Marble Hill225 St1

231 St1

75 St–Elderts Ln Z rush hours, J other times

Cypress Hills J

85 St–Forest Pkwy J

Woodhaven Blvd J•Z

104 St Z rush hours, J other times

111 StJ

121 St Z rush hours, J other times

Sutphin BlvdArcher AvJFK AirportE•J•Z•LIRR

Jamaica179 StF

Jamaica Center Parsons/ArcherE•J•Z

Jackson Hts

Roosevelt Av

E •F •M•R •Q70 Ltd LGA Airport (starts Sep 8)

Q47 LGA Airport (Marine Air Term only)

FlushingMain St

7

Nostrand Av3

Crown HtsUtica Av3•4

Saratoga Av 3

Rockaway Av 3

Junius St 3

Pennsylvania Av3

Van Siclen Av3

New Lots Av3

Sutter Av–Rutland Rd3

A•C•J•Z2•3•4•5

Westchester Sq East Tremont Av 6

Intervale Av 2•5

Prospect Av 2•5

Jackson Av 2•5

Mets–Willets Point7•Q48 LGA Airport

Van Siclen Av Z rush hrs, J other times

138 St–GrandConcourse4•5

M60 LaGuardia Airport

M60 LGAAirport

M60 LaGuardia Airport

M60 LGA Airport

Rector St1

Cortlandt St1

Cortlandt St R

South Ferry1

World TradeCenter

E

207 St 1

rushhours

rushhours

S

Rooseve

lt

Isl

and

F

Beach44 StA

Beach 36 StA

Beach 25 StA

Far RockawayMott Av

A

Broad Channel

A•S

Beach 67 StA

Beach 60 StA

Beach 90 StA•S

Beach 98 StA•S

Beach 105 StA•S

Rockaway ParkBeach 116 St

A•S

Stat

en Is

land

Fer

ry

summer only

QUEENSMIDTOWNTUNNEL

MARINE PARKWAY-GIL HODGESMEMORIALBRIDGE

CR

OS

S B

AY

VETE

RA

NS

’

ME

MO

RIA

L

BR

IDG

E

HENRY HUDSON

BRIDGE

HUGH L. CAREY TUNNEL

BRIDGE

VERRAZANO-NARROWS

BR

IDG

E

RO

BE

RT

F KE

NN

ED

Y

THROGS NECK BRIDGE

GEO. WASHINGTONBRIDGE

LINCOLN TUNNEL

HOLLAND TUNNEL

MANHATTAN BRIDGE

BROOKLYN BRIDGE

QUEENSBORO BRIDGE

BRONX-WHITESTONE

BRIDGE

MA

LC

OLM

X B

LVD

(LEN

OX

AV

)

NOSTRAND AV

BR

OA

DW

AY

BROADWAY BRIDGE

ST

NIC

HO

LAS

AV

BR

OA

DW

AY

BR

OA

DW

AY

BROADWAY

SE

VE

NT

H A

V

VAR

ICK

ST

L IVONIA

AV

WEST

CHES

TER

AV

E 138 ST

LEX

ING

TO

N A

V

PA

RK

AV

S

LAFA

YE

TT

E S

T

EASTERN PARKWAY

SO

UTH

ER

N B

LVD

WESTC

HE

ST

ER

AV

S

OU

TH

ER

N B

LVD

ES

PLA

NA

DE

WH

ITE PLAINS R

D

JER

OM

E A

V

MANHATTAN AV

UNION AV

LAFAYETTE AV

WEST END LINE

DELANCEY ST

BROADWAY

FULTON ST

JAMAIC

AAV

MYRTLE AV

VAN SINDEREN AV

WYCKOFF AV

BUSHWICK AV

N 7 ST

HOUSTON ST

R U TGERS ST JA

Y S

T S

MITH

ST

NINTH ST

MCDONALD AV

CULVER LINE

MCDONALD AV

FOU

RT

H A

V

86 ST

NEW

UTR

ECH

T AV

FOU

RT

H A

V

53 ST

HILLSID

E AV

41 AV 63 ST

SIX

TH

AV

FLATBUSH AV

E 15 ST

BRIGHTON LINE

E 16 ST

GR

AN

D C

ON

CO

UR

SE

QUEENS BLVD

QUEENS BLVD

ARCHER AV

LIBERTY A

V

PITKIN AV

FULTON ST

FULTON ST

CH

UR

CH

ST

SIX

TH

AV

GREENWICH AV

EIG

HT

H A

V

CE

NT

RA

L PA

RK

WE

ST

S

T N

ICH

OLA

S A

V

FOR

T W

AS

HIN

GTO

N AV

BROADW

AY

FOU

RTH

AV

61 ST SEA BEACH LINE 63 ST

WEST 8 ST

BROADWAY

31 ST

60 ST

BROADW

AY

BR

OA

DW

AY

BR

OA

DW

AY

QUEENS BLVD

ROOSEVELT AV

FLATBUSH AV

WILLIAMSBURG BRIDGE

14 ST

42 ST

PALIS

AD

E A

V

IND

EP

EN

DE

NC

E A

V

HE

NR

Y H

UD

SO

N P

KW

Y

BROADW

AY

231 ST

IRWIN AV

VAN CORTLANDT P

ARK SO

MO

SHO

LU PKW

Y

FORDHAM RD

PELHAM PKWY

CR

OT

ON

A A

V

PR

OS

PE

CT

AV

E 169 ST

180 ST

TREMONT AV

E TREMONT AV

WE

BS

TE

R A

V

BA

INBR

IDGE

TH

IRD

AV

225 ST

BRUCKNER EXPWY

BRUCKNER

EXPWY

ELDER AV ST LAW

RENCE AV

WHITE PLAINS RD

WHITE PLAINS RD

SOUNDVIEW AV

CASTLE HILL AV

ZEREGA AV HUTCHINSON PKW

Y

ALLERTON AV BURKE AV

222 ST

233 ST

MIDDLETOWN RD

BR

OA

DW

AY

AM

ST

ER

DA

M A

V

FT WA

SH

AV

RIV

ER

SID

ED

R

RIV

ER

SID

E D

R

145 ST

135 ST

ST NICHOLAS AV

AM

ST

ER

DA

M A

V FIFT

H A

V

5 AV

MA

DIS

ON

AV

M

AD

ISO

N A

V

PA

RK

AV

TH

IRD

AV

3 A

V

SE

CO

ND

AV

2 A

V

2 AV

1 AV

FIRS

T A

V

1 AV

ALLE

N S

T

YO

RK

AV

WE

ST

EN

D A

V

72 ST

CO

LUM

BU

S A

V

66 ST 66 ST

12 AV

WES

T ST

WEST ST

53 ST

E 8 ST

FDR

DR

GRAND ST

E BWAY

SOUTH ST

WATE

R ST

ASTORIA BLVD

NORTHERN BLVD

DITMARS BLVD

111 ST

112 ST

ST

EIN

WA

Y S

T

48 ST

LONG ISLAND EXPWY

HORACE HARDIN

G EXPWY

LONG ISLAND

EXPWY

36 ST

30 AV

GR

EEN

POIN

T AV

21 ST

JUNCTION BLVD

JEWEL A

V

UTOPIA PKWY

PARSONS BLVD

KISSENA BLVD

MAIN ST

HILLSIDE AV

JAMAICA A

V

SUTPHIN BLVD

111 ST

LINDEN B

LVD LEFFERTS BLVD

MERRICK BLVD

METROPOLITAN AV

METROPOLITAN AV

NASSAU AV

BEDFORD AV

FLUSHING AV

FOREST AV

WOODHAVEN BLVD

MYRTLE AV

JAC

KIE

RO

BIN

SO

N P

AR

KW

AY

WILSON AV

BUSHWICK AV

MYRTLE AV

BERGEN ST

BERGEN ST

LIBERTY A

V

HIC

KS

ST

HE

NR

Y S

T

9 ST

UNION ST CHURCH A

V

PROSPECT AV

OCEAN PKWY

CONEY ISLAND AV

9 AV

FOR

T H

AMIL

TON P

KWY

PARKSIDE A

V W

INTHROP S

T

NOSTRAND AV

AV Z

EMMONS AV

AV U

FLATBUSH AV

WASHINGTON

UTIC

A AV

UTICA AV

86 ST

KIN

GS

HW

Y

FIFTH

AV

39 ST

REMSEN AV

AV M

FLA

TLA

ND

S A

V

AV H

OCEAN AV

BE

DFO

RD

AV

BEDFORD AV

NOSTRAND AV

VAN SICLEN AV

PENNSYLVANIA AV

PORT W

ASHIN

GTO

N B

LVD

CR

OSS B

AY B

LVD

CR

OS

S B

AY

BLV

D

PARSONS BLVD

WH

ITESTON

E EXPW

Y

MID

DLE N

ECK

RD

NORTHERN BLVD

CANAL ST

CANAL ST SPRING ST

T R A M W A Y

HOUSTON ST

3 AV

BOW

ERY W 4 ST E 4 ST

BLEECKER ST

BLEECKER ST

23 ST

12 AV 23 ST

50 ST 50 ST

59 ST CENTRAL PARK SOUTH

79 ST

125 ST

116 ST

96 ST

86 ST

UNIVERSITY HTS BR

UNION TURNPIK

E

CLEARVIEW EXPWY

163 ST

FRE

DE

RIC

K

DO

UG

LAS

S B

LVD

AD

AM

CLA

YT

ON

PO

WE

LL BLV

D (7A

V)

VAN WYCK EXPW

Y

SEAGIRT BLVD

BEA

CH

CHANNEL D

R

RO

CK

AW

AY

BEA

CH

BLV

D

KING

S H

IGH

WA

Y

82 ST

VE

RN

ON

BLV

D

BE

AC

H C

HA

NN

EL D

R

ROCKAW

AY PT

BLV

D

HAMILTON BRIDGE

WASHINGTON BRIDGE

CROSS BRONX EXPWY

BAYCHESTER AV

9 AV

10 AV

11 AV

GR

AN

D A

V

SpuytenDuyvil

Riverdale

UniversityHeights

MorrisHeights

Harlem125 St

Melrose

Yankees-E153 St

Tremont

Fordham

Botanical Garden

WilliamsBridge

Woodlawn

Wakefield

LongIslandCity

9 St

14 St

23 St

33 St

Christopher St

Hunterspoint Av

Woodside

Mets–Willets Point

Flushing

ForestHills

JamaicaKewGardens

Hollis

Auburndale Bayside Douglaston

Manhasset

Plandome

PortWashington

GreatNeck

LittleNeck

MurrayHill

Broadway

QueensVillage

Laurelton Rosedale

Woodmere

Cedar-hurst

Lawrence

Inwood

LocustManor

FarRockaway

East NY

Nostrand Av

MarbleHill

WTC

VANCORTLANDT

PARK

BRONXZOO

PELHAMBAY

PARK

ORCHARDBEACH

CENTRALPARK

WASHINGTONSQUARE PARK

METROPOLITANMUSEUMOF ART

RANDALLSISLAND

JAVITSCENTER

RIVERBANKSTATE PARK

INWOODHILL PARK

FORT TRYONPARK

UNITEDNATIONS

WTC Site9/11 Memorial

FLUSHINGMEADOWSCORONA

PARK

PROSPECTPARK

BROOKLYNBOTANICGARDEN

FORT GREENEPARK

GREEN-WOODCEMETERY

LAGUARDIAAIRPORT

JFKINTERNATIONAL

AIRPORT

JAMAICABAY

WILDLIFEREFUGE

GATEWAYNATIONAL

RECREATIONAREA–

JAMAICA BAY

EASTRIVERPARK

BROOKLYNBRIDGEPARK

KISSENAPARK

CUNNINGHAMPARK

MARINEPARK

FLOYDBENNETT

FIELD

JUNIPERVALLEY

PARKFOREST

PARK

RIVERSIDE PARK

HUDSON RIVER PARK

HIGHBRIDGEPARK

JACOBRIIS

PARK

LIBERTYISLAND

ELLISISLAND

NEW YORKTRANSIT MUSEUM

southbound only

except

n-bound

southbound

6

Sexcept

south-bound

4•5

7

2•3 and north-bound 4•5

BROOKLYN

MANHATTAN

QUEENS

THEBRONX

FINANCIALDISTRICT

BATTERY PARK CITY

CHINATOWN

LITTLE ITALYSOHO

TRIBECA

GREENWICHVILLAGE

CHELSEA

WESTSIDE

UPPEREASTSIDE

UPPERWESTSIDE

EASTHARLEM

HARLEM

WASHINGTONHEIGHTS

EASTVILLAGE

LOWEREAST SIDE

NOHO

RIVERDALE

KINGSBRIDGE

HIGH-BRIDGE

FORDHAM

TREMONT

MORRISANIA

THE HUB

HUNTS POINT

RIKERSISLAND

MOTT HAVEN

SOUNDVIEW

PARKCHESTER

CITYISLAND

BAYCHESTER

CO-OPCITY

EASTCHESTER

ASTORIA

LONGISLAND

CITY

ROOSEVELTISLAND

JACKSONHEIGHTS

CORONA

FLUSHING

HILLCREST

FRESHMEADOWS

JAMAICAESTATES

JAMAICA

HOLLIS

QUEENSVILLAGE

KEWGARDENS

KEWGARDENS

HILLS

RICHMONDHILL

FORESTHILLS

REGO PARK

MIDDLEVILLAGE

GLENDALEWOODHAVEN

OZONEPARK

HOWARD BEACHEASTNEWYORK

OCEAN HILL-BROWNSVILLE

CANARSIE

EASTFLATBUSH

MIDWOOD

BENSONHURST

FLATBUSH

PARKSLOPE

REDHOOK

GOVERNORSISLAND

CARROLLGARDENS

FLATLANDS

ROCKAWAYPARK

BREEZYPOINT

SHEEPSHEADBAY

BRIGHTONBEACH

CONEY ISLAND

BAY RIDGE

BOROUGHPARK

SUNSETPARK

BROOKLYNHEIGHTS

WILLIAMSBURG

FORT GREENE

GREENPOINT

BEDFORD-STUYVESANT

CROWNHEIGHTS

BUSHWICK

RIDGEWOOD

MASPETH

DUMBO

NAVYYARD

MTA

Sta

ten

Isla

nd R

ailw

ay

Grasmere

St. George

Tompkinsville

Stapleton

Clifton S51

Old Town

Dongan Hills

Jefferson AvGrant City

S51/81

New Dorp

Oakwood Heights S57

Bay Terrace

Great KillsS54 X7 X8

Eltingville

Annadale S55

Huguenot S55 X17 X19

Prince's Bay S56

Pleasant Plains

Richmond ValleyNassauS74/84

AtlanticS74/84

Tottenville S74/84

RICHMOND TERRACE

VICTORY BLVD

VA

ND

ER

BIL

T A

V

ARTHUR KILL RD

STATEN ISLAND EXPRESSWAY VERRAZANO-NARROWS BRIDGE

FOREST AV

HY

LAN

B

LVD

HYLAN BLVD

AR

TH

UR

KIL

L RD

WE

ST

SH

OR

E E

XP

WY

RIC

HM

ON

D A

V

SILVERLAKEPARK

SNUG HARBORCULTURAL CENTER

COLLEGE OFSTATEN ISLAND

SEAVIEW

HOSPITALSTATENISLANDMALL

NEWSPRINGVILLE

PARK

LA TOURETTEPARK

GREATKILLSPARK

CLOVELAKESPARK

STATENISLAND

PORTRICHMOND

WEST NEWBRIGHTON

MARINERSHARBOR

FOXHILLS ROSEBANK

CASTLETONCORNERS

BULLSHEAD

CHELSEA

WESTERLEIGH

TODTHILL

NEWDORPBEACH

WOODROWROSSVILLE

CHARLESTON

ARDENHEIGHTS

FRESHKILLS

RICHMONDTOWN

TOTTENVILLEBEACH

tunnel closeduntil fall 2014

runs weekends via Manhattan Br

The subway operates 24 hours a day, but not all lines operate at all times. This map depicts morning to evening weekday service. Call our Travel Information Center at 511 for more information in English or Spanish (24 hours) or ask an agent for help in all other languages (6AM to 10PM).

To show service more clearly, geography on this map has been modified. © 2013 Metropolitan Transportation Authority

visit www.mta.info

Key

August 2013

Full time servicePart time service

All trains stop (local and express service)

Local service onlyRush hour line

extension

Free subway transferFree out-of-system subway transfer (excluding single-ride ticket)

Terminal

Bus or AIRTRAINto airport

Accessiblestation

Additional expressservice

Normal service

Commuter rail service

Bus to airport

StationName

A•C

New York City Subwaywith bus and railroad connections

Police

M60

The subway map depicts weekday service. Service differs by time of day and is sometimes affected by construction. Overhead directional signs on platforms show weekend, evening, and late night service. Visit mta.info for detailed guides to subway service: click on Maps, then “Individual Subway Line Maps,” “Service Guide,” or “Late Night Service Map.” For construction-related service changes, click on “Planned Service Changes” in the top menu bar. On weekends, the Weekender website and app show construction-related scheduled service changes. This information is also posted at station entrances and on platform columns of affected lines.

Transportation Data - NYC MTA


Definition of Visualization

“Computer-based visualization systems provide visual representations of datasets designed to help people carry out tasks more effectively.” — T. Munzner


Definition

“Computer-based visualization systems provide visual representations of datasets designed to help people carry out tasks more effectively.”


Definition



NYC Subway Fare Data

Definition



Find Interesting NYC Subway Ridership Patterns

NYC Subway Fare Data

Definition



Why People?• Certain tasks can be totally automated

- Statistical computations - Machine learning algorithms - We don’t need visualization for these tasks (although perhaps for

debugging them…) • Analysis problems are often ill-specified

- What is the correct question? - Exploit human visual system, pattern detection capabilities - Goal may be an automated solution or a visual analysis system

• Presentation - It is often easier to show someone something than to tell them a

bunch of facts about the data (and let them explore it)


Why Computers?


[Cerebral, Barsky et al., 2007]

http://www.cs.ubc.ca/labs/imager/tr/2007/barskya_cerebral_appnote/

Resource Limitations• Memory and space constraints • How many pixels do I have? • Information Density


Fig. 2. A tree of regions and major islands of the Philippines, drawnusing squarified treemaps (top) and using icicle diagrams (bottom). Thetwo diagrams on the left weight leaf nodes by geographic area, whereasthe two diagrams on the right give equal area to leaf nodes. Labels arerotated when necessary to maximize their size.

arbitrarily deep. Our analysis allows us to rank tree representations bytheir efficiency, which is useful for helping designers choose the mostefficient representation allowable within other given constraints.

Our work also quantifies an interesting difference between repre-sentations in how they distribute area across nodes. For example, theicicle diagrams in Figures 1C, 2C, and 2D allocate equal area to eachlevel of the tree: the root node has the same area as all the leaf nodestogether. Treemaps, in contrast, typically allocate more area to deepernodes. There is a tradeoff here, since we would like users to be ableto see as many deep nodes as possible (which tend to also be the mostnumerous nodes), while at the same time providing some informationabout shallow nodes (for example, to give an overview of subtrees,and/or to guide the user in zooming operations). This article developsa new metric, the mean area exponent, that describes the distributionof area across levels of a tree representation, to quantify this tradeoff.

Finally, we also present a set of design guidelines for using treerepresentations, as well as a few novel tree representations, includinga variation on squarified treemaps that allows for larger labels withinthe nodes.

2 RELATED WORK

Different tree representations, including classical node-link, icicle,nested enclosure, and indented outline, were identified decades agoin [4, 16], and an interactive version of the indented outline represen-tation (now popular in file browsers such as Microsoft Explorer) waspresented in [11]. Subsequent years have seen variations on these rep-resentations proposed. Treemaps are a relatively recent innovation,and are a kind of nested enclosure representation. Treemaps are of-ten described as space-filling, a highly desirable property for space-efficiency.

The term “space-filling” can sometimes be problematic, however.For example, a view sometimes expressed [21] holds that tree repre-sentations can be divided into two classes: (1) node-link diagrams, thatillustrate parent-child relationships with line segments or curves, and

(2) space-filling representations, which include treemaps and concen-tric circles such as Sunburst (Sunburst was described as space-filling in[27], and [21] similarly describe [2] as space-filling.) However, thesetwo classes seem to not be disjoint, because some node-link diagramsalso “fill space” [19, 20]. The 2nd class also ignores an interesting dif-ference between treemaps and concentric circles, namely that parentnodes in treemaps enclose their children, whereas parents in concen-tric circle diagrams are adjacent to their children. Finally, the term“space-filling” suggests increased space-efficiency, however it is easyto design a treemap layout algorithm that occupies all available spacewithout making good use of it, for example, by using excessively thickmargins, or by concentrating child nodes in only one corner of theirparent, leaving the rest of the parent empty and unused. Would sucha treemap cease to be considered space-filling, even though its rootnode covers all the available space? Without a precise definition of“space-filling”, we recommend being cautious about using this termto refer to a category of tree representations, since the name seemsto imply that members of the category are more space-efficient thannon-members. As an alternative, categories of representations couldinstead be based on how the nodes are drawn (e.g. representationswhere the nodes are mapped to points, and those where the nodes aremapped to areas) or on how parent-child relationships are shown (e.g.through line segments, enclosure, adjacency, or relative positioning).The space-efficiency of a given representation can be treated as a sep-arate matter, and evaluated by several metrics, as demonstrated in thisarticle.

Within the graph drawing community, a common approach for eval-uating space-efficiency is to compare the total area required by differ-ent drawings (i.e., representations) of the same graph or tree. Sinceany drawing can be scaled arbitrarily in x and y, to ensure a meaning-ful comparison, the “resolution” of the representations is fixed, oftenby requiring that nodes be positioned on a grid (i.e. with integer co-ordinates) [9]. There are problems with this general approach, how-ever, especially when comparing representations of trees rather thangraphs. For example, allowing only grid positions may be mislead-ing, because non-integer coordinates can significantly reduce total areawithout compromising the clarity of the representation or the spaceavailable for labels (Figure 3). As a potential remedy, instead of posi-tioning nodes on a grid, we might instead impose a minimum distancebetween nodes, or a minimum size for non-overlapping labels centeredover the nodes. Unfortunately, matters are complicated by the fact thatsome tree representations (such as Figures 1C, 1E, 1F, 1G) involvenodes that have an area and shape, and there may be nodes and labelsof different sizes within a single representation (e.g. deeper nodes maybe smaller and have smaller labels). This makes it less clear how toimpose a fixed resolution in a way that is fair across tree representa-tions. Note that this issue does not arise in traditional graph drawing,where nodes are typically mapped to points.

Fig. 3. A and B are adapted from a comparison in Figure 5 of [1], andshow two different graphical representations of the same tree wherenodes are constrained to positions with integer coordinates. B is clearlymore compact than A. In C, however, we have redrawn the represen-tation from A with the integer coordinate constraint relaxed, and the re-sulting graphical representation has a convex hull whose area is onlyabout 5% greater than that in B. Notice also that the minimum horizon-tal spacing between nodes in B and C is the same, allowing nodes to beoverlaid with horizontally oriented labels of the same size in both cases.

In our work, rather than comparing total area with a fixed resolution,we fix the total area available, and fix its aspect ratio. Representations

[McGuffin & Robert, 2010]

Definition

“Computer-based visualization systems provide visual representations of datasets designed to help people carry out tasks more effectively”


Why Visual?


I II III IV

x y x y x y x y

10.0 8.04 10.0 9.14 10.0 7.46 8.0 6.58

8.0 6.95 8.0 8.14 8.0 6.77 8.0 5.76

13.0 7.58 13.0 8.74 13.0 12.74 8.0 7.71

9.0 8.81 9.0 8.77 9.0 7.11 8.0 8.84

11.0 8.33 11.0 9.26 11.0 7.81 8.0 8.47

14.0 9.96 14.0 8.10 14.0 8.84 8.0 7.04

6.0 7.24 6.0 6.13 6.0 6.08 8.0 5.25

4.0 4.26 4.0 3.10 4.0 5.39 19.0 12.50

12.0 10.84 12.0 9.13 12.0 8.15 8.0 5.56

7.0 4.82 7.0 7.26 7.0 6.42 8.0 7.91

5.0 5.68 5.0 4.74 5.0 5.73 8.0 6.89

[F. J. Anscombe]

Why Visual?


I II III IV

x y x y x y x y

10.0 8.04 10.0 9.14 10.0 7.46 8.0 6.58

8.0 6.95 8.0 8.14 8.0 6.77 8.0 5.76

13.0 7.58 13.0 8.74 13.0 12.74 8.0 7.71

9.0 8.81 9.0 8.77 9.0 7.11 8.0 8.84

11.0 8.33 11.0 9.26 11.0 7.81 8.0 8.47

14.0 9.96 14.0 8.10 14.0 8.84 8.0 7.04

6.0 7.24 6.0 6.13 6.0 6.08 8.0 5.25

4.0 4.26 4.0 3.10 4.0 5.39 19.0 12.50

12.0 10.84 12.0 9.13 12.0 8.15 8.0 5.56

7.0 4.82 7.0 7.26 7.0 6.42 8.0 7.91

5.0 5.68 5.0 4.74 5.0 5.73 8.0 6.89

Mean of x 9Variance of x 11Mean of y 7.50Variance of y 4.122Correlation 0.816

[F. J. Anscombe]

●

●●

●●

●

●

●

●

●●

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

4

6

8

10

12

x1

y 1

●●

●●●

●

●

●

●

●

●

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

4

6

8

10

12

x2

y 2●

●

●

●●

●

●●

●

●●

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

4

6

8

10

12

x3

y 3

●●

●

●●

●

●

●

●

●

●

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

4

6

8

10

12

x4

y 4

Why Visual?


[F. J. Anscombe]

Visual Pop-out


[C. G. Healey, http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/]

http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/

Visual Pop-out




Visual Perception Limitations




Another Test• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0grANlx7y2E


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0grANlx7y2E

Other Human Limitations• Visual working memory is small • Change blindness: Large changes go unnoticed when we are

working on something else in our view


Definition



Design Iteration




Another Design Example


[M. Stefaner, 2013]

http://well-formed-data.net/archives/972/where-the-wild-bees-are

Definition



Why Effectiveness?• “It’s not just about pretty pictures” • Any depiction of data requires the designer to make choices about

how that data is visually represented - Analogy to photography - Lots of possibilities (see quarterback study)

• Effectiveness measures how well the visualization helps a person with their tasks - How? insight, engagement, efficiency? - Benchmarks and user studies


Effectiveness


[S. Hayward, 2015]

http://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2015/10/the-only-global-warming-chart-you-need-from-now-on.php

Effectiveness


[@bizweekgraphics]

https://twitter.com/bizweekgraphics/status/676533647567114240

Effectiveness


[S. Hayward, 2015]

http://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2015/10/the-only-global-warming-chart-you-need-from-now-on.php

Why?

How?

What?

Why?

How?

What?

Why?

How?

What?

Analyzing Visualization


[Munzner (ill. Maguire), 2014]

How do we create modern visualizations?


Tools• Desktop Applications:

- Excel (see excelcharts.com) - Tableau - …

• Programming Frameworks - Processing - OpenFrameworks - d3.js - …

• Advantages and disadvantages - Speed, customization, understanding


http://excelcharts.com

Overview Examples Documentation Source

Data-Driven Documents

D3.js is a JavaScript library for manipulating documents based on data. D3 helps you bring data tolife using HTML, SVG, and CSS. D3’s emphasis on web standards gives you the full capabilities ofmodern browsers without tying yourself to a proprietary framework, combining powerful visualizationcomponents and a data-driven approach to DOM manipulation.

See more examples.

d3.js


http://d3js.org