Session ID:

Prepared by:

Database Consolidation using

Oracle 12c Multitenant Architecture

1116

@pini_dibask

Pini Dibask,Oracle Domain Expert, Dell Software Group, R&D

2

Pini Dibask, Oracle Domain Expert, Dell Software R&D

Senior Oracle DBA with 10 years of experience

Oracle Certified Professional DBA (OCP)

Blogger: OracleDBPro.BlogSpot.com

Email: Pini.Dibask@Software.Dell.com

LinkedIn: http://Linkedin.com/in/pinidibask

Google+: https://Plus.Google.com/+PiniDibask87

Twitter: @pini_dibask

About Me …

Agenda

Agenda

Introduction to Database Consolidation

Oracle Multitenant Architecture

Ensuring QoS in Multitenant environment

RAC and Multitenant

Performance Monitoring for Multitenant environments

Introduction to Database Consolidation

6

Database Consolidation - Prior to Oracle 12c

Server Consolidation

Multiple databases reside on a single server

ERPMemory

BackgroundProcesses

DatabaseFiles

CRMMemory

BackgroundProcesses

DatabaseFiles

DWMemory

BackgroundProcesses

DatabaseFiles

7

Database Consolidation - Prior to Oracle 12c

Database Consolidation

Single database with multiple schemas

8

Database Consolidation - Challenges

Name Collisions

Same schema name or same public synonym name

Security

DBA can access data of both applications

Upgrades

You cannot patch/upgrade only one schema

Point-In-Time Recovery

Impossible to perform schema level point-in-time recovery

Multitenant Architecture

10

Database to Instance Relationship

Version < 12c

1:1 - One Database:One Instance

1:N - One Database:Many Instances

Version = 12c (Multitenant)

N:1 - Many Databases:One Instance

N:N - Many Databases:Many Instances

11

Oracle 12c - Multitenant Architecture

Multitenant Container DatabaseROOT

HCM12.1

DW12.1

CRM12.1

ERP12.1

Pluggable Databases (PDBs)

PDBs

Root

CDB

Pluggable Database

Self-contained Oracle database

Root Container

Oracle-supplied metadata

12

One set of background processes

One SGA

One root container

Multiple Pluggable Databases

Up to 252 PDBs

Oracle 12c - Multitenant Architecture

Multitenant Architecture cont’d

13

Pluggable Databases share the following files:

Undo Tablespace

Redo Logs

Control Files

(S)Pfile

Temporary tablespace

Note: PDBs may create their own temporary tablespaces

Multitenant Advantages - Manage Many as One

14

Data Guard

Multitenant supports Data Guard at CDB-Level

Commands executed when connected to root container

Multitenant Advantages - Manage Many as One

15

Upgrades Upgrade or apply a patch at CDB-Levelhttps://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/upgrade_pdbs_everything_at_once1

Unplug/plug PDB into another container databasehttps://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/upgrade_pdbs_one_at_a

Multitenant Advantages - Unplug/Plug

16

Moving PDB from one container to another is straightforward

s

Multitenant Advantages - Fast Cloning

Clone PDB from another PDB within the same CDB

Requires source PDB to be OPEN READ ONLY

s

17

Clone PDB from another PDB in remote CDB

Requires source PDB to be OPEN READ ONLY

Multitenant Advantages - Fast Cloning

s

18

s

Multitenant Advantages - Manage Many as One

19

RMAN

Backup entire container as one or at PDB level

Recover entire container as one or at PDB level

s

CDB-Level vs. PDB-Level

CDB-Level• Oracle Software

• SGA & Background Processes

• RMAN Scheduled Backups

• Data Guard

• Some Parameters(IsPDB_Modifiable= 'FALSE')

• Control Files, Redo and Undo

• (S)Pfile, Password File

• Flashback Database

PDB-Level• FLUSH SHARED_POOL

• FLUSH BUFFER_CACHE

• Point In-Time Recovery

• RMAN Ad hoc Backups

• Some Parameters(IsPDB_Modifiable= 'TRUE')

20

s

Multitenant Architecture - CDB_* Prefix

21

CDB_* All objects in CDB across all PDBs

DBA_* All objects in specific PDB

ALL_* Objects accessible by current user

USER_* Objects owned by current user

s

Multitenant Architecture - CON_ID column

22

CON_ID Description

0 Entire CDB/Non-CDB

1 Root container

2 Seed container

3-254 User PDBs

Multitenant Architecture - Users

23

Common User

Identity known in the root and in all PDBs

C## Prefix (COMMON_USER_PREFIX parameter)

Local User

Identity known only in PDB-scope

CDB$ROOT

PDB1 PDB2ERP CRM ERP HR

C##U1 C##U2

s

Multitenant Architecture - Users

24

PDB with 1 local user

s

Connecting to the CDB/PDB

25

Switch Containers

s

26

PDBs state after startup

PDBs are Mounted by default

(12.1.0.2)

Oracle 12c - Deployment Options

27

DB CDB$ROOT CDB$ROOT

PDB1 PDB1 PDB2 PDB252…

Non-CDB

Same as before 12c

Single Tenant

• No additional license

• One active PDB

Multitenant

• Requires Multitenant License

• Requires Enterprise Edition

• Supports up to 252 PDBs

Oracle 12c - Deployment Options cont’d

28

Why use Single Tenant instead of Non-CDB?

Unplug/Plug

Fast Cloning

And most important …

Ensuring QoS in Multitenant Environments

QoS Challenges - Multitenant environments

CDB-Level QoS challenge

Allocation of resources among competing PDBs

Example: One PDB consumes too many resources

PDB-Level QoS challenge

Allocation of resources among competing sessions

Example: One session consumes too many resources

30

The Solution – Oracle Resource Manager

CDB-Level Resource Plan

Specifies how resources are allocated to PDBs

Prioritize resources between competing PDBs

PDB-Level Resource Plan

Specifies how resources are allocated to consumer groups

Prioritize resources between competing sessions

31

Oracle Resource Manager - The Basics

Resource Manager Elements

Resource Plan

Resource Plan Directive

Consumer Group Resource Plan“WEEKEND”

Directive 170% of CPU

Directive 220% of CPU

Directive 310% of CPU

Consumer Group“WAREHOUSE”

Consumer Group“OLTP”

Consumer Group“OTHERS_GROUPS”

32

Oracle Resource Manager - 12c Multitenant

CDB Resource Plan Directive

CPU Shares

CPU Utilization Limit

Parallel Servers Limit

Example #1

33

Pluggable Database

CPU Shares

Guaranteed CPU

CPU Limit Parallel Servers Limit

OLTP 3 3/4 = 75% 100% 100%

ERP 1 1/4 = 25% 60% 100%

Obtain information about default CDB resource plan

Obtain information about default PDB directive

s

s

Oracle Resource Manager - 12c Multitenant

34

CDB-Level Resource Plan Example

Resource Plan“Daytime_CDB_PLAN”

PDB“OLTP”

PDB“DWH”

35

Directive 2Guaranteed CPU: 25%Maximum CPU: 60%

Directive 1Guaranteed CPU: 75%Maximum CPU: 100%

Pluggable Database

CPU Shares

Guaranteed CPU

CPU Limit Parallel Servers Limit

OLTP 3 3/4 = 75% 100% 100%

DWH 1 1/4 = 25% 60% 100%

Creating CDB Resource Plan

36

s

Pluggable Database

CPU Shares

Guaranteed CPU

CPU Limit

OLTP 3 3/4 = 75% 100%

DWH 1 1/4 = 25% 60%

Creating CDB Resource Plan cont’d

37

s

Manually enabling resource plan

Manually disabling resource plan

Enabling/Disabling CDB Resource Plan

38

s

s

s

Automatically Enable/Disable CDB Resource Plan

Enabling/Disabling CDB Resource Plan cont’d

39

RAC & Multitenant

s

RAC & Multitenant?

Multitenant fully supports RAC

PDBs can be opened on specific instances

41

Why RAC & Multitenant?

Single Instance & Multitenant - Challenges

Not Scalable = Not a true consolidation solution

Instance Down Downtime for all PDBs

RAC makes Multitenant better

Scalable = True consolidation solution

Instance Down PDBs continue running on other nodes

42

Services

Single SGA perCDB Instance

Node1

CDB Instance 1

Node2

CDB Instance 2

Multitenant Container Database (CDB)

CRMBI HCM ERPDW

RAC & Multitenant

Workload distributed across instances

44

RAC & Multitenant

Services

Single SGA perCDB Instance

Node1

CDB Instance 1

Node2

CDB Instance 2

Node3

CDB Instance 3

Multitenant Container Database (CDB)

CRMBI HCM ERPDW

Workload distributed across instances

s

45

RAC & Multitenant

Preferred Instance Available Instance

s

46

Shutting down the preferred instance

PDB automatically starts in the other instance

RAC & Multitenant

47

RAC & Multitenant

Obtain service configuration …

48

RAC & Multitenant

Relocate PDBs using Service relocation

49

RAC & Multitenant

Additional service for PDBTEST

Running on all RAC nodes

Performance Monitoring for Multitenant Environments

Workload Analysis - Multitenant Environments

51

Workload Analysis - RAC & Multitenant

52

Dimensional Analysis - Multitenant Environments

53

54

Dimensional Analysis - Multitenant Environments

55

Multitenant & AWR

Snapshots are taken at CDB-Level

AWR tables reside in CDB$ROOT container

s

56

Multitenant & AWR cont’d

57

AWR reports are available at CDB & PDB levels

DBA_HIST_* views are visible at PDB level

Unplug PDB does not contain AWR information

Multitenant & AWR cont’d

s

Data available in PDB via object-link to the CDB$ROOT container

58

References

Introduction to the Multitenant Architecture (Oracle Documentation)https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CNCPT/cdbovrvw.htm#CNCPT89234

Managing Resources with Resource Manager (Oracle Documentation) https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/dbrm.htm#ADMIN027

DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER (Oracle Documentation) https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_resmgr.htm#ARPLS050

Introduction to a Multitenant Environment (Video by Tom Kyte)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MrouEW9j88

Oracle Multitenant (White Paper)http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/multitenant-wp-12c-1949736.pdf

Note: All diagrams and illustrations are used by permission of Oracle

Questions?

Thank You !Please complete the session evaluation

We appreciate your feedback and insight

You may complete the session evaluation via the mobile app