dawn in the age of ocean observatories

7/31/2019 Dawn in the age of ocean observatories

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Dawn in the age of ocean observatoriesOscar Schofield, Scott Glenn, Josh Kohut

Coastal Observation and Prediction Sponsors:
http://www.sebs.rutgers.edu/


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Oceans are complex and central to the Earth system

Thanks to Neptune, John Delaney, and Mark Stoermer


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Despite heroic efforts, the ocean is chronically under-sampled. We need a permanentsustained presence making SPATIAL time series.

Scott

Glenn

JoshKohut

OscarSchofield


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GSFC, NASA


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Vessels -

Satellite

Satellite

Ships/ Vessels

REMUS

Modeling

Leadership

CODAR

Glider

Data Vis.

Security

Education

CODAR Network Glider FleetL-Band & X-Band Satellite

Receivers

3-D Nowcasts

& Forecasts

Rutgers University - Coastal Ocean Observation Lab


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MARACOOS - International Constellation of Satellites Since 1992

X-Band

(installed 2003)

L-Band

(installed 1992)Sea Surface Temperature - SST

Ocean Color

Corporate Partner: SeaSpace


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Mid-Atlantic Bight HF Radar Network Since 1997

Mid-Atlantic HF Radar Network14 Long-Range CODARs7 Medium-Range CODARs

15 Short-Range CODARs

36 Total

Triple Nested & Multistatic

1000 kmAlongshore

Length Scale

Corporate Partner:

CODAR Ocean Sensors


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MARACOOS - Autonomous Underwater GlidersSince 1998

Satellite Ocean Color

Satellite SST

SubsurfaceGlider

Data

< Glider Fleet

With Global Reach >

Corporate Partner: Teledyne Webb Research


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Darwin s Odyssey January 11, 2006


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ARGO combined with satellites the pre-eminent global ocean sampling array

OOI in valuablelocations provide

infrastructurecapable of

sampling oceanintensely to

support processstudies and helpdevelop model

parameterization

Sargasso SeaFront

Sargasso SeaFront

Sargasso SeaFront

Cold CoreEddy

Cold CoreEddy

Cold CoreEddy

Warm Core

Remnant

Warm Core

Remnant Warm CoreRemnant

Modelsimproved

with in situdata via dataassimilation


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MIDDLE ATLANTIC REGIONAL DRIVERS

OceanCirculation

Tropical Storms

Population Ports

Northeasters

Climate Change

CriticalHabitat


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Total inches of rainfall

0 32

Aug 20-29

First tropical storm to threaten NYCsince Hurricane Gloria in 1985

Flooding records broken in 26 rivers

Caused at least 56 deaths

Damage nearly $8 billion

Hurricane Irene


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39.5N 73W Surface Current Time SeriesTotal Current Near-Inertial Current

Wave & Wind Direction Time Series

Hurricane Irene


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Hurricane Irene

Direct Wind Forcing Inertial Response

T Glid


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Two GlidersDeployed by MARACOOS

in Hurricane Irene

RU16 Deployed for EPA. Map bottom dissolvedoxygen. Provided data onmixing during storm.

RU23 Deployed for MARACOOS. Map subsurface T/S

structure for fisheries. Damaged early - drifter Recovered by fisherman Provided data on inertialcurrents during storm.


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14

33

29

105

60

salinity

% oxygen

temperature55

55

0

0

55

depth

depth

depth

8/12 9/07date

260

Hurricane IreneHurricane Irene


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Time Series of Derived Parameters

Glider RU16

NOAA Delaware Bay Buoy

Thermocline Depth

Surface Temp

Max S.D. w

Max S.D. w Depth

Wind Speed

Wave Height

Wave Period

Wave Bottom Orbital Velocity


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3540455055606570758085

Wind

Speed(kts)

Date

Maximum Sustained Wind Speed(10m)

NHC Best Track

NHC Forecast

Warm SST (RTG only)

RU-WRFAtmospheric

Forecast Model

WRF M d l R SST U d t


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27/120028/0600 28/060029/0600

WRF Model Run: SST Update

R n Comparison


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WARM (RTG only) COLD Update(AVHRR)

Run Comparison


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Maximum Wind Speed Error (knots)Date/Time

(UTC)

NHC

Forecast

Warm (RTG

only)

Warm (RTG

only, OMLModel)

Cold Update

(AVHRR)

27/1200 5 -17.22 -17.23 -6.17

27/1800 10 4.1 4.2 5.88

28/0000 10 1.39 -2.14 3.96

28/0600 5 -1.2 -1.04 -1.21

28/1200 15 2.39 4.79 0.5

28/1800 15 4.97 3.51 -2.67

29/0000 15 3.62 1.93 -0.89

29/0600 10 10.48 9.84 4.52

Sum of Squares 800 457 452 118RMSE 9.43 7.13 7.09 3.61


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Case example 2: Application of observatory technologies for studyingremote and extreme locations, the West Antarctic Peninsula


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We are using the WAP as zone to study how rapid warming can shift the food web

Fastest winter warming location on Earth

Northern WAP perennial ice is gone

87% glaciers in retreat

Sea ice duration decreased by ~60 days

Increase in ocean heat content

Increase in wind and clouds


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Heat engine melting the WAPis the ACC

ACC upwelling is rapid flushingevents (time scale of weeks)


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Melt pools on surface of King George

VI Sound, from BAS twin otter(January 2004)

Thanks to A. Clarke (BAS)


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30Photo by Bill Fraser


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Remote Sensing (Decadal changes) Ship Observed (Decadal changes)

Montes-Hugo et al. 2009 Vernet et al. 2008

There are indications in changes in the primary production


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Cryptomonas cryophila

Thalassiosira antarctica

Corethron criophilum

Palmer Cryptophytes --> 8 2m10m

100m

SEM Micrographs fromMcMinn and Hodgson 1993


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1970s-1980s

1995-2005

There are indications in changes in the nature of the phytoplankton

Montes-Hugo et al. 2009

Moline et al. 2004

From satellite From ship


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Antarctic krill Antarctic Salp


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Loeb et al. 1997

There are indications in changes in the zooplankton communities


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Adaptive Sampling of Penguin Habitats

PenguinForaginglocations


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Mark Moline & Bill Frazer


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Observatory (simulated) data

Virtual Ocean

Design, Testing and Deploy

Models

Data Assimilation

DataAnalysis

Science Questions & Drivers

~100 m

~3 kmSensor &Platform

Data Synthesis: Nowcast & Data Impact

W


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We

ath

er


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Multiple Satellite passesof varying resolution

An ensemble of different numerical models run by different laborat


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Model A Model B

Model C Model D

An ensemble of different numerical models run by different laborat

A fleet of four gliders


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A fleet of four glidersOctober 30 November 20, 2009

4 Deployments(3 Rutgers, 1University ofDelaware)

77 in-water days

1608 km flown


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Science Community Workshop 1 53

Model A Model B Model CModel D

COMBINING THE FIELD ASSETTS WITH OCEAN FORECASTS


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COMBINING THE FIELD ASSETTS WITH OCEAN FORECASTSFOR PLANNING AND PROSECUTION EFFORTS

Known constraints (slow 0.5 knot,Battery, shipping lanes)

Uncertain constraints (time-varying3D currents)

Operate autonomously & re-plandaily

From A to B in the shortest time Follow a time-varying feature

(shelf-slope salinity intrusion)


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PLANNING FOR THE PRESENT


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PLANNING FOR THE PRESENT

PLANNING IN THE FUTURE


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Increase model resolution Reduce forecast error

Science S iScientists


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Science Community Workshop 1 5959

Science

Agents

Science Event ManagerProcesses alerts and

Prioritizes response observations

ASPENSchedules observations on EO-1

EO-1 Flight DynamicsTracks, orbit, overflights,momentum management

ScienceAlerts

ObservationRequests

Updates toonboard plan

ScienceCampaigns

Scientists

Hyperionon EO-1


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NEPTUNECanada

NFS OOINetwork

NOAA N-WaveNetwork

Global LambdaIntegrated Facility

Topology of oceanobservatories will be

integrated into nationaland international cyber-

networks. This willfacilitate collaboration

for developing theinternational oceanobserving network

STEM education: Undergraduates are active pilots of the observatory


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During RIMPAC 2008 off Hawaii

Conclusions:Ocean technologies will use to sample

the oceans as never beforeThis is critical as the oceans have undergonesignificant change over the last few decades

dawn in the age of ocean observatories

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