Day 8 – Instability and a Great Depression lead to the rise of Fascism

Enduring Understandings1. International conflict often leads to domestic changes. 2. Globalization leads economic declines to become less a national problem and more global in scope and

helps to fuel worldwide tensions3. In times of crisis, people often turn to strong leaders in search of stability.5. Conflicts of the 20th Century were rooted in political and ideological differences around the world.6. The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution.7. Nationalism and propaganda play a role in mobilizing civilian populations in support of their nation’s goals

Agenda1. Using your notes from yesterday about the Great Depression, identify 2 ways the Great

economic depression was addressed in the 1920s and 1930s.2. Take 90 seconds to review your level 1 activities for the “Global Depression” – any

questions?3. Open the guided reading for Rise of Fascism from BB or packet page 24. Take notes

from today’s lecture using the organizer as a framework.4. Explain how today’s content supports each of the above today’s EUs5. Work on Level 1 and 2 activities.

Essential Questions from Unit 5 RS26. How did Germany and Italy address their economic problems?27. How were the fascists in Italy and Germany similar and different from the communists?

From each other?28. How and why were fascists able to come to power in Germany and Italy?29. How did fascists use scapegoats to gain and maintain their power?

Post-WWI• After WWI, Europe faced

several economic problems: inflation, worldwide depression, instability of new democracies

• These mounting problems lead people to turn to totalitarian leaders who promised reform and national glory

Rise of Fascism• A political movement

that stressed extreme loyalty to the state and its leader

• Fascist leaders promised to revive the economy and restore national pride

Enduring Understanding?

Rise of FascismBasic Features of Fascism-1. Extreme Nationalism2. Glorify Action, obedience, discipline3. Loyalty to State Unquestioned4. Loyalty to single dictator5. Strict class structure6. Anti-Democratic (greed/corruption)7. Aggressive Expansion8. Censorship9. Control of private Economy leading to wealth for industry10. Use of Legalized Terror

In what ways is Fascism similar to Stalinist Communism? In what ways is it different?

Rise of FascismEconomic Policy-

Preserved Capitalism, but with Government direction of Business, Labor, Agriculture, Trade and Culture for the purpose of promoting and achieving national glory. (and as an added benefit, enriched those who owned the enterprises and were attached to the ruling party – essentially party-sponsored corruption.)

Social Policies-Absolute Obedience to StateWomen, pushed from jobs- place is in the home having babiesPatriotism- Extreme NationalismStrict DisciplineFascist Youth- teach the values of a fascist society~ indoctrination

Rise of Fascism – connecting to earlier content – WWI, Marxism-Leninism and the Great Depression

The Economic Despair of Post WWI Europe and the rise of “Communism” in Russia enabled Fascist leaders like Mussolini and Hitler to rise to power. Why?

Both the German People and the Italian people blamed the Treaty of Versailles for their problems. Why?

Benito MussoliniWhy? (to 2:06)

• disappointment over the 1919 Paris Peace Conference ( did not get territorial gains),

• High inflation • high unemployment• Social unrest due to economic crisis• Mussolini promised economic reform and

military power – a return to the greatness of Rome

• Mussolini was a fiery speaker. • He created the Fasci Combattimento Party

calling upon discontented veterans and youths to support his objectives.

• Promised order to combat the social unrest

Rise of Fascism1. Benito Mussolini becomes popular

Rise of FascismBenito Mussolini- becomes popular

Consequences?Felt free to criticize the government of King Victor Emmanuelle

Wanted to gain the support of the moneyed classes, industrialists and large landowners so he looked for scapegoats– blamed economic problems on unions, socialists and

communists

Created a terror organization “The Black Shirts” who led attacks on unions, socialists and other elements of society that threatened his rise to power and benefitted his supporters.

The Black Shirts helped to create more social unrest and instability

Rise of Fascism -Why?• Benito Mussolini appealed to much of Italy: • Focused on national pride- restoring the glory of the Roman empire.• Promised to restore order – (it was his own Black Shirts – his thuggish

followers who rioted and marched on Rome threatening order)• Had support of economic elites• Seemed to be the King’s best hope for perpetuating the dynasty

2. In October of 1922, Mussolini was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel III.

Consequences?• He became (from 2:06) Il Duce - “the leader”:

– limited the press, – fixed elections, – used secret police, exiles and prisons.– Outlawed strikes and crushed unions

• Hitler will follow this model for his rise to power, and in fact met with Mussolini during his rise to power.

Benito Mussolini1883-1945

Rise of FascismHITLER AND THE RISE OF NAZI GERMANY

I. Struggles of the Weimar Republica. Germany’s first experiment in Democracy, is blamed for all the troubles plaguing Germany- economic depression, having to observe the terms of the treaty of Versailles, etc.b. Structure of Government-i. Parliament/ Legislative Branch- The Reichstagii. Executive Branch- 2 positions- President and ChancellorC. Unrest and Downfall of the Weimer Republic-i. Mired in Inflation and economic depression- Reparations, Dawes Plan, Great Depressionii. Treaty of Versailles hated by all Germansiii. Jewish People became scapegoats for Germany’s troubles

Adolf Hitler becomes leader of Nazi PartyWhy?• His skills as an organizer and speaker

3. Adolf Hitler becomes leader of Nazi Party

Consequences?• Nazis become powerful political force

Why?• Mussolini’s success in Italy through his Fascisti march on

Rome• Tried to take over Germany in 1922 Munich Beer-hall Putsc

h – the coup attempt fails first attempt

4. Adolf Hitler imprisoned for treason

Consequences?• Mein Kampf

– set forth his racist and anti-Semitic beliefs – promoted the idea of the German Master Race.– It also plots out his plans for spreading Germany and Nazi power

over most of Europe

5. Hitler becomes Chancellor

Why?• Germany’s economic problems of the Great

Depression and fear of communism• Nazi-caused violence and unrest made people afraid• Nazis blamed the Communists• German voters made Nazis the largest party in the

Reichstag• Conservatives and Nazi allies convinced President

von Hindenberg to appoint Hitler Chancellor

Consequences?• Hitler forced Reichstag to give him total power • Put cronies and supporters in positions of power• Implements remilitarization• Privatizes many industries

Hitler’s Goals overview as described in MeinKampf

• Sought to create a “master race” of Germans, as all non-Aryan (misused term) races were inferior – (borrowing some ideas from existentialist Nietzsche – willpower and

discipline potentially leading to “supermen”) • Vowed to regain those lands taken from Germany after WWI• Sought lebensraum, or living space, for Germans; would conquer

eastern Europe and Russia to gain needed territory for the expansion of their master race

• To regain territory, illustrate German superiority and improve German economy and employment, Nazis embarked on a massive rearmament plan violating the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.– (buying arms from Germany’s own privately held military industries like F.G

Farber, Daimler-Benz, Bosch, and Siemens)

Hitler has books burnedWhy?• To control all aspects of German society• To control what people knew and understood

6. Hitler has books burned

Consequences?• opposition was prevented from getting supporters• Promoted conformity with Nazi ideology

Why?• Anti-semitism was a key to Nazi Ideology• Used Jews as scapegoats

7. Nazis pass laws against Jews

Consequences?• Widespread violence against Jews• Confiscation of Jewish property• Beginning of the removal of Jews from German life

Anti-Semitism• Nazi ideology stressed that Jews were to

blame for all of Germany’s troubles since WWI - Scapegoating

• Laws were passed that restricted rights of German Jews

• Kristallnacht Night of the Broken Glass

Moishe, Pesha and along comes Label• Moishe, Pesha and Label Huber lived in a small

town called Mezrich in Poland between Warsaw and Lublin.

• They were a family of Jews. • Moishe Huber had 12 brothers and sisters, and

Pesha Fainland had 4 sisters and a brother. • They were living in two different towns: Pesha in

Sarnacki and Moishe in Mordi where he helped his mother urn a grain feed store.

• When Pesha went to visit her brother who had moved to Mordi, she met Moishe

• Soon after they were married. • They moved to the town, Mezrich, where

Moishe’s family lived. • In March 1938 they had a baby boy they named

Label. They knew nothing of what was going on in the rest of Europe

Elsewhere…• Numerous other countries fell to

dictators, as democracy failed across much of Europe primarily due to terrible economics due to the Great Depression• Struggle between totalitarianism and

democracy• Sign of things to come Holocaust, WWII