rise of fascism. 3 causes of fascism 1.rise of communism 2.treaty of versailles 3.great depression...
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Rise of Fascism
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3 Causes of Fascism
1. Rise of Communism
2. Treaty of Versailles
3. Great Depression
• Fascism is a political system withA strong dictatorExtreme nationalismNation > individualRacism & no tolerance of opposition
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Rise of Communism
• Bolshevik Revolution spreads idea of communism throughout Europe• A political system with state ownership
of the economy & equal distribution of wealth
• Joseph Stalin practices totalitarianism in U.S.S.R.• The state holds total authority &
controls all aspects of life
• Fascism created to counter communism
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• Terms of treaty punish losers of WWI
• Germany has to pay & reparations & give up land
• German people humiliated
• GD causes inflation in Europe• November 1923: 4 Billion German Marks = 1
U.S. Dollar• Germany’s middle class lost everything
Treaty of Versailles
Great Depression
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Italy
• Benito Mussolini (“Il Duce”) seizes power in 1922
• First fascist takeover
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Japan
• Hideki Tojo & military have real power, not Emperor Hirohito
• Japan needed access to raw materials
• Japanese army invaded Manchuria (northern China) in 1931• Violated Open Door Policy• League of Nations did nothing,
U.S. refuses to recognize forceful territorial change
Tojo
Hirohito
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Germany
• Adolf Hitler blamed communists & Jews for Germany’s struggles
• Fails to take control of govt. in Beer Hall Putsch (1923)
• Writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) in prison• Saw Germans as the Master Race
(Aryan = blonde hair, blue eyes)• Anti-Semitism: hostility or
prejudice against Jews
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Germany
• When released, increases popularity & takes control of Nazi Party, which adopts Swastika as symbol (ancient religious emblem)
• Creates SS to control & protect the party
• In Jan. 1933, Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany• First speech as chancellor