CONTENTS

04 TARGETING GROWTH: DCAT Membership Soars

06 “Good Fellowship” Shines in the Golden ‘50s - DCAT events promote networking and friendship

08 DCAT Highlights - Honors DCAT past presidents at “Ol’ Timers’ Nite” - Celebrates Silver Anniversary of the Annual Dinner

11 1950-1960: At the Center of Groundbreaking Scientific Achievements - Dr. Jonas Salk develops first polio vaccine; pharma companies provide production capabilities - McNeil Laboratories launches Tylenol - Pfizer, Eli Lily introduce new antibiotics

14 DCAT’s Past Presidents

15 DCAT’s Executive Secretary

ISSUE 04

02

08

11

04

03

06

04

Source: 1959 Member Guide

DCAT membership grew more than 300% within a twenty year period from 1939 to 1959. By the end of the 1950s, DCAT boasted over 800 member companies! This was due to enhancing the many business and social benefits gained through membership. It was (and still is!) the only association that provides opportunities to connect with leaders of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.

Always There to HelpIn addition to fostering business relationships amongst members, DCAT offered a variety of day to day services. Members could call DCAT’s New York City Headquarters for assistance and information on almost anything. A very valuable service during this pre-Internet time period!

Take a look at an excerpt on the next page from the 1959 DCAT Member Guide to learn more about DCAT’s services.

Safeguarding the Interests of the IndustryAt this point in time, DCAT was still active in the legislative arena. Safeguarding the industry’s interests was the prime objective of all DCAT legislative activities on the local, state and national levels. There were state chairmen who acted as “Legislative Sentinels” in their respected states. DCAT used the collective strength of its membership to promote activities favorable to the industry. >>

Targeting GrowthDCAT Membership Soars

DCAT also had a Washington Representative named Carson Gray Frailey who was an attorney and specialist in laws applying to the drug, chemical, and allied trades. He served as an industry observer in the national capital and as an advisor to DCAT members on problems with industry-wide application. His knowledge of Washington and governmental procedures saved many members a trip to the nation’s capital.

DCAT’s Operation RetortIn May 1954, the association inaugurated its series of surveys, called “Operation Retort.” These were periodic examinations of problems common to members. Subjects covered included member companies’ policies on holiday closings; employee benefits; salaries of office manufacturing and laboratory employees; policy on terminations; fringe benefits; leaves of absence; incentive plans for executives; policy on salesmen’s expense allowance; product liability; pension plans; company policies on contributions to charitable organizations; and many other decisions that industry executives faced. With such information, an executive often saved valuable time in determining policy after seeing a general pattern on specific subjects surveyed.

Digest of Current Activities and TrendsDCAT’s newsletter, the Digest of Current Activities and Trends was distributed bi-weekly to all member companies. A typical issue included The Washington Digest, recent rulings affecting DCAT member industries, reports on the activities of DCAT’s legislative committee, government research reports from the various federal agencies in the drug and chemical field, U.S. and foreign import/export rulings, current price indexes of drug, chemical, and allied products, statistics on current business trends, comments on articles in the trade press, reports on foreign industry regulations, news of industry meetings and conventions, and the names of new members.

With so many benefits, it’s easy to see how DCAT membership reached new heights in this decade and will continue to soar in the 1960s.

05

DCAT Membership Soars

Source: 1959 Member Guide

Fostering business relationships emerged as the core strength of the DCAT organization in the 1950s, as supported by a variety of networking events ranging from the DCAT Annual Dinner and quarterly luncheon meetings to Ol’ Timers’ Nite and Fall Meeting Weekends in the Pocono Mountains (Pennsylvania, USA) or Lake George (New York, USA).

At each of these events, members had the opportunity to meet one another and learn from prominent industry experts. Take a look at DCAT members enjoying themselves throughout this decade of fellowship. >>

06

“Good Fellowship” Shines in Golden ‘50s

07

DCAT Highlights

1950 “Ol’ Timers’ Nite” Honors Past Chairmen and Retired Executive Committee Members (Pictured Above)

The DCAT organization paid tribute to past chairmen (presidents) and retired executive committee members at the first “Ol’ Timers’ Nite” on May 10, 1950. Over 180 people came to the Hotel Astor in New York City’s Times Square to celebrate the multiple guests of honor’s service to the organization.

DCAT’s Public Relations Committee created a “Pages from the Past” pamphlet for the event that, according to the executive minutes of May 18, 1950, “aroused considerable interest and favorable comment.” >>

•

08

1951 DCAT Celebrates the Silver Anniversary of the Annual Dinner(Pictured Left)

An “all-time high” attendance record* of 2,300 industry representatives gathered at the Waldorf Astoria to celebrate 25 years of Annual Dinners on Thursday, March 8, 1951. Paul W. Shafer, a US Congressman from Michigan, served as the keynote speaker.

*Record is based off of dinner attendance from 1926 to 1951.

•

1951 DCAT Members Give Praise to the Organization

The DCAT organization printed excerpts from a collection of letters they received throughout the year from members. These member testimonials will give you a good sense of DCAT membership benefits at the time, and the pride individuals had in their company’s membership.

An excerpt from the collection:“Having participated in the activities of the DCAT for twenty-five years, I have a deep respect and appreciation for its importance. In addition, the Section has created fellowship and personal acquaintanceship within the industry that has been of great value to the individual members.” – S.B. Penick, Jr., President, S.B. Penick & Company

•

1952 First Door Prize awarded at the 62nd Annual Meeting

If you’ve ever attended a DCAT event, you know that the organization always strives to give away the latest and greatest items for door prizes. Find out what the “hot item” was in 1952 by viewing the Annual Meeting brochure! >>

•

09

10

1959 Title of “Chairman” Changes to “President”

(Pictured Right)

This was the first time the DCAT executive committee decided

to use the leadership title of president, which we still use today. Ralph A. Clark of J.T.

Baker Chemical Co. was the first member to have this title.

•

1953 DCAT Considers the Past, Present and Future of the Organization

Read the 1953 Annual Dinner commemorative booklet to learn more about the organization’s history and goals for the future.

“If we build well today, they [future DCAT members] will take care of tomorrow.”

1955 Spearheads Successful Efforts to Amend the New York Sanitary Code

The organization fought to bring about an amendment to the New York City Sanitary Code, which would permit over-the-counter sales of antibiotics approved by the US Federal Food & Drug Administration. This was a great victory for the uniformity of drug laws.

What were some other DCAT accomplishments from 1954-1955? Click on the document to see.

1957 Even the Hired Orchestra Enjoys the DCAT Annual Dinner!

Read a letter written from a member of “Frank Silver’s Orchestra and Entertainment” who performed at the Annual Dinner in 1957.

•

•

•

Mr. Clark (2nd from Right) with other members of DCAT’s Executive committee at the 33rd DCAT Annual Dinner.

1950 - 1960At the Center of Groundbreaking Scientific Achievements

INDUSTRY TIMELINE

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded jointly to Dr. Edward C. Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein, and Philip Showalter Hench for their discoveries relating to hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure, and biological effects. Dr. Kendall of the Mayo Clinic and Merck & Co.’s Dr. Lewis Sarett began collaborating on the cortisone synthesis process in 1941, and in 1948, led by Merck & Co.’s Dr. Max Tishler and Dr. Jacob van de Kamp, the first large-scale synthesis of Compound E (cortisone) was completed at Merck & Co. The scientific legacy of Tadeus Reichstein is also seen through Roche, which, in the 1930s, had acquired the Reichstein’s process for synthesizing vitamin C to enable large-scale, production of vitamin C.

Marion Laboratories is founded, which would later become part of Marion Merrell Dow, which in 1995, is acquired by the chemical conglomerate Hoechst, and later named Hoechst Marion Roussel, one of the pieces that would eventually form today’s Sanofi.

In a major international expansion, Pfizer operations are established in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, England, Mexico, Panama, and Puerto Rico.

Teva becomes one of the first industrial companies to raise capital through an initial public offering on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. >>

Terramycin (oxytetracycline), a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is the result of Pfizer’s first discovery program, becomes the first pharmaceutical sold in the United States under the Pfizer label. Its approval on March 15, 1950 by the US Food and Drug Administration represents the approval of Pfizer’s first proprietary pharmaceutical.

1950

1950

1950

1951

1951

As the pharmaceutical industry enters the mid-point of the 20th century, it brings to the world the fruits of critical scientific research that would transform the lives of many. Oxytetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic and part of the all-important tetracycline family of antibiotics, becomes Pfizer’s first proprietary pharmaceutical, and Eli Lilly brings to market vancomycin, an antibiotic to treat hard-to-treat infections, and erythromycin, an antibiotic that can be used by those allergic to penicillin. The pharmaceutical industry is also at the center of one of the most significant scientific achievements of the 20th century, the first polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, by providing large-scale production of the vaccine to enable massive clinical testing, helping to deliver the results that the world had been waiting for: that the vaccine was safe, potent, and effective. In the two years following that major achievement, the incidence of polio drops between 85% and 90% in the US.

11

Vancomycin, a powerful antibiotic, is isolated in the laboratories of Eli Lilly and Company from a Streptomyces species found in soil samples obtained in the interior jungles of Borneo to treat penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and becomes an antibiotic of last resort for hard-to-treat infections, such as those caused by antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcal and Enterococcal bacteria. In the late 1950s, Eli Lilly begins marketing vancomycin hydrochloride under the trade name Vancocin. Also, Eli Lilly develops and markets erthyromycin, an antibiotic whose broad antimicrobial spectrum expands the alternatives for penicillin-allergic patients.

In one of the most significant scientific accomplishments of the 20th century, the first injected polio vaccine is successfully tested. The vaccine, composed of killed polio viruses that produced the necessary antibodies to help the body to ward off the disease without itself inducing polio, was developed by Dr. Jonas Salk and his team at the University of Pittsburgh. In 1954, Dr. Thomas Francis Jr. at the University of Michigan, Salk’s mentor, led a massive nationwide test, the scale of which had never been seen before. More than 1.8 million school children across the United States participated and thousands of healthcare professionals and other volunteers administered the vaccine and collected results. On April 12, 1955, ten years to the day of the death of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, perhaps one of the world’s most well-known persons afflicted with the disease, Dr. Francis reports that the Salk polio vaccine was safe, potent, and effective. The pharmaceutical industry played an important role in this landmark accomplishment by enabling large-scale production of the Salk vaccine for the massive clinical testing, with companies, such as Eli Lilly and Company, Parke Davis, and Connaught Medical Research Laboratories (which would become part of Sanofi Pasteur), playing a major role. The impact is profound: with the new vaccine, between 1955 and 1957, the incidence of polio in the US falls by 85% to 90%. In the late 1950s, the breakthrough continues when an oral vaccine is developed by Albert Sabin using attenuated-live poliovirus. Human trials of Sabin’s vaccine began in the late 1950s, and it was licensed in the early 1960s, further ending the threat from this disease. >>

Merck & Co. merges with Philadelphia-based Sharp & Dohme. The combined company now has a larger sales and distribution network to complement the research labs of both organizations. Subsequently, management creates an entirely new entity, Merck Sharp & Dohme International (MSDI), to market the company’s pharmaceuticals globally.

1953

Earlyto mid-1950

1955

Selman Waksman, a researcher at Rutgers University in New Jersey, receives the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of streptomycin. The drug was developed with the support of the Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research through a formal agreement created in 1939.

Baxter acquires Hyland Laboratories, the first US company to make human plasma commercially available.

The Factory Inspection Amendment in the US clarifies previous law and requires the US Food and Drug Administration to give manufacturers written reports of conditions observed during inspections and analyses of factory samples.

1953

1952

1952

12

Johnson & Johnson acquires McNeil Laboratories in the US and Cilag Chemie AG in Europe, giving the company a significant presence in the growing field of pharmaceutical medicines. McNeil Laboratories was founded as a neighborhood drug store in the 19th century and evolved into McNeil Laboratories, which in 1955, received FDA approval for Tylenol (acetaminophen) elixir for children, the first prescription aspirin-free pain reliever, which would later become available without a prescription, laying the foundation for what would become one of the industry’s leading over-the-counter products.

Plough Inc. introduces the first safety cap for children’s products, more than a decade before legislation is passed requiring companies to do so. The cap was developed by Abe Plough due to concerns that the orange-flavored St. Joseph’s Aspirin might increase accidental ingestions.

1958

1959

Geigy has its first successes in psychotropic drugs, marked by the introduction of Tofranil (imipramine). One year later in 1959, Geigy introduces the first long-lasting diuretic, Hygrton (chlorthalidone) for treating high blood pressure.

Dr. Arthur Kornberg of Washington University in St. Louis makes DNA in a test tube for the first time. The first automatic protein sequencer, the Moore-Stein amino acid analyzer, is developed. In 1959, Dr. Kornberg is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with Dr. Severo Ochoa of New York University, for the discovery of mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule that encodes an organism’s genetic blueprint.

The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) is formed in 1958 to represent America’s pharmaceutical research-based companies and seek alignment between public policy and medical research.

1958

1958

1958

International expansion is underway as the first Johnson & Johnson operating company opens in India in 1957. In 1958, new Pfizer pharmaceutical plants begin production in Mexico, Italy, and Turkey, increasing the company’s international personnel from 4,300 in 1957 to more than 7,000.

1957-1958

13

DCAT’s Past Presidents1950 - 1960

This list of DCAT’s presidents reads like a “Who’s Who” of the drug, chemical and allied industries, as all of these men were very active in the advancement of their respected companies and the industry.

If you get a chance, we recommend a quick Google search of these names – it’s amazing what you can find!

Stanley I. Clark, Sterling Drug Inc.

Ralph A. Clark, J.T. Baker Chemical Co.

William W. Huisking, Charles L. Huisking & Co., Inc.

Lloyd I. Volckening, The Ivers-Lee Company

W. Boyd O’Connor, Ayerst Labs. Div., American Home Products Corp.

1953

1958

1954

1959

1960

Harold C. Green, L. Sonneborn Sons, Inc.

Claude A. Hanford, Pharmaco, Inc.

Charles P. Walker, Jr., Citro Chemical Co.

Sydney N. Strokes, Merck & Co., Inc.

Charlese M. Macauley, Charlese M. Macauley

J. David Hayden, R.P. Scherer Corp.

1952

1957

1950

1955

1951

1956

14

DCAT’s ExecutiveSecretary

15

A member of the DCAT staff since 1928, Helen L. Booth assumed the role of executive secretary in 1943. She guided the organization in this role for 27 years, before handing over the reins to Joseph Madden in 1970. Ms. Booth had such an influence on the success of the organization that she remained with DCAT (serving as Mr. Madden’s secretary) until she retired in 1975 – that is 47 years with DCAT!