04 How it all BEGAN...

05 50 Founding Members

07 DCAT’s Industry Impact - DCAT & the Paddock Food & Drug Act - White House thanks DCAT

09 1890-1899: The Pharma Industry’s Formative Years - Boehringer discovers lactic acid - J&J launches first maternity kits - Diptheria anti-toxin made in US

11 1900-1910: A Period of Early Expansion - Biologics Control Act - Original Food & Drugs Act passed - Abe Plough develops Antiseptic Healing Oil

13 DCAT’s First President: John McKesson, Jr.

14 DCAT’s Executive Secretary

ISSUE 01

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CONTENTS

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How It All BEGAN...

On Wednesday, June 18, 1890 a press release was published in the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter (later known as Chemical Market Reporter) about the formation of the Drug Trade Section of the New York Board of Trade.

They had a vision – better business relations, improved conditions in the industry, advancement of the ideals in which they believed – a common meeting ground to work out their mutual problems, share knowledge and network with industry colleagues.

The Drug Trade Section of the New York Board of Trade (NYBT) operated from its headquarters in New York City. In January of 1921, the name changed to include the growing chemical industry, making it the Drug and Chemical Section of the NYBT. The name expanded again in the early 1930s to become the Drug, Chemical and Allied Trades Section of the New York Board of Trade. In 1961, the organization separated from the New York Board of Trade to become an independent association due to its increasing national membership. The name of the organization changed once more in 2003 to what it is known as today – the Drug, Chemical & Associated Technologies Association.

DCAT has grown from its modest New York City beginnings into the premier global business development association, comprised of over 375 member companies in the drug, chemical and associated industries throughout the world.

We have our dedicated member companies to thank for achieving this milestone! We are proud of both DCAT’s and our member companies’ accomplishments throughout the last 125 years. Here’s to continuing to adhere to the principles on which we were founded, and stressing that personal contacts are the heart of a successful organization.

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50 Founding Members

DCAT began as part of the Drug Trade Section of the New York Board of Trade. Its original roster was recorded in the minute book for January 19, 1891.

Several of these founding companies are still DCAT members or can be traced to members today!

See if you can recognize any of these notable companies of the early pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing industry. >>

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J. L. & D.S. Riker

Schulz, Berg & Korchl

Fritzsche Bros.

W.H. Schieffelin & Co.

Charles Cooper & Co.

W.R. Peters & Co.

Fairchild Bros & Foster Parke, Davis & Co.

R. Hillier’s Son Co.

W. Henry Klein

Tyler & Finch

NY Dye Wood Extract & Chemical Co.

Rogers & Pajall

Stallman & Fulton

JP L. Morgan & Co.

G.A. & E. Meyer

Trazer & Co. W. Theo Ricksecker

Peek & Velsor

B. Keith & Co.

Weaver & Sterry Ltd.

E. Sehlback & Co.

Williams, Stiger & Co.

R. W. Robinson & Son

Charles Pfizer & Co.

Mr. Lewis E. Ransom

Lehn & Fink J. Milhaus Son

Meyer Bros Drug Co.

Enos F. Jones Chemical Co.

Eimer & Amend

Battelle & Renwick

W. Max Zeller

Bruen Bros & Ritchey

NY Tar Chemical Co.

Ladd & Coffin

Seabury & Johnson Patterson & Purdy

Richard Brueckner & Co.

O.H. Jadwin

L & J Michaelis

William Pickhardt & Kuttroff

E. Merck

Lockwood Chemical Co.

E. Fougera & Co.

H.J. Baker & Bros

McKesson & Robbins James B. Horner

Schoellkopf Hartford & Hanna

C. A. Mann & Co.

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21 46

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22 47

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50 Founding Members

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Fritzsche Bros.

W.H. Schieffelin & Co.

Parke, Davis & Co.

R. Hillier’s Son Co.

W. Henry Klein

Rogers & Pajall

Stallman & Fulton

W. Theo Ricksecker

Peek & Velsor

B. Keith & Co.

J. Milhaus Son

Meyer Bros Drug Co.

Enos F. Jones Chemical Co.

Patterson & Purdy

Richard Brueckner & Co.

O.H. Jadwin

E. Merck

Lockwood Chemical Co.

James B. Horner

Schoellkopf Hartford & Hanna

C. A. Mann & Co.

In its infancy, the organization was active in the legislative arena for the pharmaceutical industry, but it later changed its focus to business development amongst members.

1892 Official Book of Tares (Pictured Above)

DCAT draws up official tares for the Paddock Food & Drug Act. In regards to the writing of the official tares, Mr. Albert Plaut (Lehn & Fink) remarked in the minutes from June 22, 1893:

“The experience of the firm has been very satisfactory. In one case, where a dispute arose, we sent a copy of the printed tares to the party and their claim, which was based upon the adopted schedule, was a house admitted error, saving his house about $20.00”

On April 20, 1893 the official tares booklet is adopted as a standard in all trade transactions. Mr. Albert Plaut (Lehn & Fink) remarked in the minutes from June 22, 1893:

“The adopted tares had generally been used throughout this country and have been adopted in Hamburg and London.” >>

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DCAT’S INDUSTRY IMPACT

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1893 Proposed Tariff Bill (H.R. 4864)

DCAT submits amendments to the proposed Tariff Bill (H.R. 4864) on the several schedules which affect the Drug Trade.

1893 Sherman Law Repeal Bill(Pictured Left)

DCAT writes resolutions for the Sherman Law Repeal Bill of 1893.

President Grover Cleveland’s Private Secretary sends DCAT a letter thanking them for their input.

1895 Credit Information Bureau Formed

DCAT forms a Credit Information Bureau for the benefit of their members.

1893 Increased Spirits Act(Pictured Right)

DCAT protests the increase in the distilled spirits tax.

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In the decade before the start of the 20th century, the foundation of what would become the modern-day pharmaceutical industry had been routed in part by early industrial chemical production and individually produced drugs.

At the start of 1890, several companies (Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly and Company, E. Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Schering AG, Ciba, Kern & Sandoz, Beecham’s Pills, Joseph Nathan and Co. (the ancestor of Glaxo), Burroughs Wellcome and Company, Clinton Pharmaceutical Company (bought by William McLaren Bristol and John Ripley Myers), and Bayer) were already established, and individual proprietors Johann Rudolf Geigy Merian, E.R. Squibb, Albert Boehringer, and Chobei Takeda IV had already taken steps to establish their businesses.

As the decade of 1890 progressed, so did the business and scientific achievements of the early pharmaceutical industry.

1890 - 1899The Pharma Industry’s Formative Years

INDUSTRY TIMELINE

H.K. Mulford Company, which would later merge with Sharp & Dohme in 1929, which in turn would merge with Merck & Co. in 1953, is incorporated. It initiates the standardization of drug products, puts open formulas on labels, and opens its laboratories to inspection by scientifically qualified visitors. By the end of the decade, it had produced the first commercial diphtheria anti-toxin made in the US (1895) and a smallpox vaccine (1898).

During experiments for producing citric acid, Albert Boehringer discovers that unwanted fermentation forms lactic acid. Instead of aborting these experiments, he further develops the process and produces lactic acid on an industrial scale by 1895, meeting high demand in the dyeing, leather, textile and food industry, and making his company, C. H. Boehringer Sohn, a leading manufacturer. >>

The US office of E. Merck becomes a separate firm, Merck & Co., after E. Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) opened a New York branch in 1887. The company is still partly owned by E. Merck.

1891

1891

1893

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Johnson & Johnson launches maternity kits to make childbirth safer for mothers and babies, and Johnson’s Baby Powder goes on the market. Six years earlier in 1888, the company had developed the first commercial first aid kits, initially designed to help railroad workers.

1894

Bayer scientist Felix Hoffman makes a breakthrough discovery by synthesizing a chemically pure form of acetylsalicylic acid, the active ingredient in Aspirin, which was trademarked by Bayer in 1899, and considered the drug of the century.

Pfizer marks its 50th anniversary. Its portfolio includes a wide array of industrial and pharmacological products, anchored by citric acid, camphor, cream of tartar, borax, and iodine.

Fritz Hoffman-LaRoche launches F. Hoffman-La Roche & Co., and two years later in 1898, the company introduces Sirolin (thiocol), a nonprescription, orange-flavored cough syrup, which would stay on the market for more than 60 years.

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1899

1896

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1900 - 1910A Period of Early Expansion

INDUSTRY TIMELINE

Dr. Wallace C. Abbott, a physician and pharmacy proprietor, makes small pills, called dosimetric granules, which provide more effective and accurate dosing for his patients than other treatments available at the time, in his apartment above his People’s Drug Store on Chicago’s North side. The pills use the active part of a medicinal plant, known as an alkaloid, and as demand increases, he establishes the Abbott Alkaloid Company, which is officially incorporated in Illinois in 1900.

Established in Jerusalem in 1901, the company known today as Teva, started out as a small business distributing imported medications using mule trains and camel caravans. That company, Salomon, Levin and Elstein Ltd., is named after its founders.

Eli Lilly and Company was incorporated in 1901 in Indiana to succeed the drug manufacturing business founded in Indianapolis in 1876 by Colonel Eli Lilly, a pharmaceutical chemist and Civil War veteran.

One of the earlier drug regulations, The Biologics Control Act, is passed in the US to ensure purity and safety of serums, vaccines, and similar products used to prevent or treat diseases in humans.

Ciba, which would later become a part of what today is Novartis, produces its first pharmaceutical products, Vioform, an antiseptic, and Salen, an anti-rheumatic agent, marking the entry of the young company into the pharmaceutical market. Originally founded in 1859 by Alexander Gavel as a silk-dyeing business, the company was later incorporated in 1884 as Gesellschaft für Chemische Industrie Basel (Society for Chemical Industry Basel), coming to be known by its acronym, Ciba.

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1901

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The decade of 1900 to 1910 is marked by commercial, regulatory, and business expansion. As you read the history during this period, you will see that even more of our DCAT member companies began to make their mark in the industry.

Bristol-Myers’ first nationally recognized product, Sal Hepatica, a laxative mineral salt, that when dissolved in water, reproduced the taste and effects of the natural mineral waters of Bohemia, becomes a bestseller. >>

1903

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The directors of Joseph Nathan and Company, a trading company in Wellington, New Zealand, which would become the foundation for the Glaxo Company to be formed later, needed a name for one of its products, a dried milk for infants. They had settled on Lacto, but similar names were already registered, so by adding and changing letters, the name Glaxo evolved and was registered in 1906.

The original Food and Drugs Act is passed by Congress on June 30 and signed by President Theodore Roosevelt. It prohibits interstate commerce in misbranded and adulterated foods, drinks, and drugs.

Abe Plough, a 16-year-old native of Memphis, Tennessee, borrows $125 from his father to purchase carbolic acid, camphor, and linseed oil, which he brews and bottles as his own liniment, Plough’s Antiseptic Healing Oil. This first product is the start of what would eventually become Plough Inc., later merging with Schering Corporation to form Schering-Plough Corporation in 1971 (which later merged with Merck & Co.) when Abe Plough becomes chairman of the new company.

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1906

1906

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This list of DCAT’s presidents reads like a “Who’s Who” of the drug field, as all of these men were very active in the advancement of their respected companies and the industry.

If you get a chance, we recommend a quick Google search of these names – it’s amazing what you can find!

Pictured on the right is John McKesson, Jr. of McKesson & Robbins—DCAT’s first president!

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DCAT’s Past Presidents1890 - 1910

Samuel W. Fairchild, Fairchild Bros & Foster Jesse L. Hopkins, J.L. Hopkins & Co.

Albert Buren

Andrew B. Rogers, Jr., Rogers & Pyatt Albert Plaut, Jr., Lehn & Fink

John Stallman, Stallman & Fulton

Thomas F. Mann, Tarrant & Co. Thomas P. Cook, New York Quinine and Chemical Works

Dr. William J. Schieffelin, W.H. Schieffelin & Co.

John M. Peters, National Lead CompanyI. F. Stone, Schoelkopf Hartford & Hanna

Edwin H. Burr, Roure-Bertrand Fills

John McKesson, Jr., McKesson & Robbins

John McKesson, Jr., McKesson & Robbins Col. E. W. Fitch, Parke, Davis & Co.

James Hartford, Schoelkopf Hartford & HannaCharles S. Littell, C.S. Littell & Co.

George W. Kemp, Lanman & Kemp

1891 1901

18961906 -1907

1909-1910

1892 1902

1897

1893 1903

1898

1894 1904

1899

18951905

1908

1900

William F. McConnell served as the Executive Secretary to the Drug Trade Section of the New York Board of Trade from its inception in 1890 until 1930. He was a beloved member of the association for forty years and is especially beloved by the current DCAT staff for his extensive note taking! Without Mr. McConnell’s notes, we could not have uncovered so many interesting parts of DCAT’s history.

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DCAT’s ExecutiveSecretary