DE Effects Committee BriefHPM M&S Subcommittee

Dr. Timothy J. ClarkeAFRL/RDHDirected Energy DirectorateAir Force Research Laboratory

02 November 2009

Dr. J. Mark DelGrandeSAIC

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Summary

• Role of M&S

• Sample of Codes

• Present Activities

• Shortfalls

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The HPM M&S Pyramid

• Supports the following R&D functions– Predicting HPM system lethality against electronic devices and systems of

devices– Performing tradeoffs to optimize HPM effects– Sensitivity studies to determine key parts of problem, and areas where

experiments can provide the most insight

• Simulates HPM system against one or more target systems (devices or networks of devices)

• Bridges Physics & Mission Levels

– Physics: study detailed problems (e.g., sources & antenna physics)

– Mission: flight packages (e.g., effectiveness and survivability against targets with air defenses)

Results, not Results, not models, are models, are aggregated aggregated and passed up and passed up the pyramidthe pyramid

ICEPIC

TMax,

Antenna codes

Physics(Components & Subsystem Effects)

Physics(Components & Subsystem Effects)

Engagement(One-on-One/Few)

Engagement(One-on-One/Few)

Mission(Few-on-Few)

Mission(Few-on-Few)

Campaign(Force-on-Force)

Campaign(Force-on-Force)

THUNDER CFAM

EADSIM

SUPPRESSOR

RF-PROTEC

DREAM

DOD Modeling Pyramid

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HPM Physics Level Codes

Code Type PurposePhysics

CARLOS PhysicsMethod of Moments (MoM) code, widely used for antenna and radar scattering prediction for many DoD programs

XFDTD PhysicsFDTD code, Used for focused beam material measurement system characterization, antenna design

Xpatch PhysicsGov't Useage; Asymptotic code widely used by industry and government for radar scattering

Microwave Studio (CST) Physics Antenna DesignHFSS (Ansoft) Physics FEM code; Used by industry/government for Antenna design

WIPL-D Physics EM solver which uses higher order basis functions and the Method of Moments (MoM ) AntFarm Physics uses physical optics (PO) principles based on ApatchGEMACS Physics Advanced Electromagnetics - 3D hybrid MoM/UTD/FDFD codeIACS (Integrated Anechoic Chamber Simulator) Physics calculating fields in an anechoic facility using wave propagationXGTD PhysicsRadio Frequency System Design Tool Physics Spread sheet modelPhysics - Electromagnetic and plasma in time domain – sources and propagation

ICEPIC Physics 2D/3D Particle-in-cell code used by AFRL and contractors for HPM source simulations

TMax PhysicsFDTD (derived from LLNL's TSAR) used for detailed HPM propagation and effects simulations

MCNP Physics Monte-Carlo neutral particle transport code, models x-rays from sourcesITS PhysicsMAGY Physics Magnetron design code

Interactive Scenario Builder (aka Builder) PhysicsModel source at waveform level and EM propagation with antenna patterns and environmental factors

MICHELLE Physics

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Higher Level HPM Codes

Code Type PurposeCircuit simulators – modeling prime/pulsed power SPICE CircuitEngagementHEIMDALL Engage Sizing, weight code with some ability to model engagement level scenariosHPM Tool Engage Models HPM sources on satellites, including effects on satellite targetsRF propagation and target effectiveness analysis – propagation from source to target yielding probability of effectCREATE-RF suiteRF-PROTEC Mission HPM propagation and predictive effects modeling toolDREAM Mission Calculates target probability of effect for HPM engagementsANODE Analysis Design of Experiments code, develops Pe curves and optimized effects testingTEMPUS Models RF propagation to and into complex targetsJREM DETES Analysis Calculates the suseptability due to an HPM event on a vehicle at the platform level.

Graphically represented on the Army's battlefield environment OneSAFSafety

BuilderSafety Interoperability

Models RF propagation loss for FAA approval to testTransmiter to Reciever Effectiveness

HPM THP (HPM Test Hazard Prediction) Safety Predicts personnel and equip hazard areas for HPM testing

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Highly integrated end-to-end HPM system model

Institute for High Power Microwave (HPM) Employment, Integration, Optimization,

and Effects

Detail plasma and material modeling

Platform EMI/EMC

Pk MODELS

Pe MODELS

PROPAGATION MODELS

“In-situ” performance prediction

CREATE-RF-high fidelity propagation models

Fault Trees

Advanced network models

T Max – Finite Difference Time Domain

RF-PROTEC - Exterior & Interior ray-tracing

CREATE-RF-high fidelity propagation models

Empirical Pe models Predictive models

(Target Components)

HPM SOURCE

(Whole Target)

MISSION- & CAMPAIGN-LEVEL ANALYSIS

Mission (EADSIM, SUPPRESSOR)

Campaign (THUNDER, CFAM)

Abstracted Models

Engineering Level M

odels

Building and populating a framework to propagate accurate and traceable information from engineering level models to mission and campaign level models to allow for faster acquisition of HPM systems that solve mission needs

State of the art optimization, design of experiments, and uncertainty quantification will be available at all levels to allow for rapid analysis of alternatives

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M&S Shortfalls

• Propagation Models

• Capability to quickly calculate fields inside of complex structures, such as anechoic chambers, where multiple bounces occur.

• Engagement Models

• Data to support engagement scenarios/validation

• Time-Out-of-Action: particularly data to support models

• Improved methods to assess/develop TTPs via M&S

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M&S Shortfalls

• Effects Models

• “Physics-based” HPM effects prediction capability

• e.g., Elemental Modeling

• Data to support effects models that account for % degradation

• e.g., Network traffic reduction

• Other M&S Tools

• Predictive tools to assist testers in scoping HPM effects parameter space, pre-test.

• A maintained database to collect and share the HPM data supporting M&S

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Summary

• We view our scope as effects-related M&S, specifically for counter-electronics applications, and not including ADS (human effects)

• We identified several near term and far term issues:

• Near term

• Time Out of Action: data to support models

• Predictive effects modeling

• Methodology for V&V of effects models (probably falls within V&V subcommittee, but important enough to call out here)

• Ensuring that effects testing produces appropriate data to feed engagement M&S

• Far term

• M&S support for BDA

• Wideband and low-frequency propagation models for engagement M&S