declaring independence chapter 5 lesson 4. objectives evaluate the reaction of the colonists to the...
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Declaring IndependenceChapter 5 Lesson 4
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Objectives
• Evaluate the reaction of the colonists to the rejection of the Olive Branch Petition
• Summarize the steps taken that led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence
• Understand the four parts of the Declaration of Independence
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Vocabulary
• Petition – formal request
• Preamble - introduction
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The Second Continental Congress May 10th 1775
• Returning Members from 1st CC– John and Samuel Adams– Patrick Henry– George Washington– Richard Henry Lee
• Newcomers– Ben Franklin – leader in PA
legislature helped repeal the Stamp Act
– John Hancock – wealthy merchant in MA. Helped fund Patriot groups, voted President of 2nd CC
– Thomas Jefferson – served in the VA legislature and was known as a brilliant thinker and writer
They voted not to split from Britain just yet. It would be another year before Jefferson would write the Declaration of Independence
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Key Actions• Continental Congress:
• Authorized printing of money • Set up a post office • Formed committees to handle Native
Americans and foreign countries• Created Continental Army• Appointed George Washington as
commander
• Delegates offered Britain one last chance to avoid war:
Olive Branch Petition• Assured King George that the colonists
wanted peace• Asked him to protect colonists rights• King rejected it; prepared for war• Hired 30,000 German troops to fight with
Britain
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The War Heats Up• Congress found out British troops from
Canada were going to attack New York
• Americans decided to attack first• Captured Montreal• Benedict Arnold led an attack on Quebec
and failed
• Washington had to train civilians into soldiers
• March 1776 Washington moved soldiers and cannons into position overlooking Boston while the redcoats slept
• The attack surprised the British and they withdrew from Boston and sailed to Nova Scotia (part of Canada)
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Moving Towards Independence• Many colonists still held onto
hope that the colonies could remain part of Britain
• Support for independence was growing
• Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense
• Called for a complete break from Britain
• Greatly influenced people in the colonies to support the Patriots
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What do you predict the Americans will do next?
• Turn to page 131 in your textbook.• Under the title “Primary Source” read the
quote by Richard Henry Lee
What did Richard Henry Lee propose at the Second Continental Congress?
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Writing the Declaration• Committee of people wrote it:
John Adams, Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman
• Jefferson wrote the first draft and drew ideas from English philosopher John Locke to explain why the 13 colonies were proclaiming their freedom
• Locke expressed the idea that people are born with certain natural rights to life, liberty and property
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Writing the Declaration• Locke wrote that people
form governments to protect those rights, and that government interfering with those rights could rightfully be overthrown
• Delegates approved the document July 4th 1776
• John Hancock signed it first (the largest) followed by 56 delegates announcing the birth of the United States
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The Declaration of Independence has four parts.
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The first part says that people who separate from other people should
tell why they must do so.
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The second part gives important ideas in American government
• All men are created equal
• All men have rights that cannot be taken away by another person.
- Life - Liberty- Pursuit of happiness
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• Government gets its power from the consent of the governed.
• Government should protect the safety and happiness of everyone.
• If a government disregards the rights of the people for a long time and will not change, the people have a duty to form a new government.
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The third part of the Declaration of Independence is the longest. It lists many bad things King George III has
done to the American people.
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The fourth part--the actual declaration--says the colonies have
decided to be independent.
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• They are free to make war and peace.
• They can form alliances with other countries.
• They can trade with other countries.
• They can do everything that an independent country can do.
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Representatives from all thirteen colonies signed the Declaration of
Independence.
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Close and Reflect
Which phrases in the Declaration of Independence do you think are most important?
Would you be able to be a delegate in the Second Continental Congress?
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Review
• Why do you think the delegates chose John Hancock to be president of the Second Continental Congress?
• Why did the Americans attack Montreal?
• What was the Olive Branch Petition?
• Explain the significance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense.
• According to John Locke, what is the purpose of government?