Decreasing Decreasing Enrollments / Enrollments /

Increasing Manpower Increasing Manpower Needs:Needs:

Solutions for Attracting Solutions for Attracting Students to Computer Students to Computer

ScienceScience Wayne Summers / Rodrigo Obando Wayne Summers / Rodrigo Obando TSYS Department of Computer ScienceTSYS Department of Computer Science

Columbus State UniversityColumbus State UniversityNovember 17, 2006November 17, 2006

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Decreasing EnrollmentsDecreasing Enrollments Increasing Manpower NeedsIncreasing Manpower Needs

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Undergraduate CS enrollments Undergraduate CS enrollments 2002-20052002-2005

The number of new undergraduate majors dropped The number of new undergraduate majors dropped another 21%, from 15,950 to 12,532 (see another 21%, from 15,950 to 12,532 (see Figure 7Figure 7). ).

This follows last year’s 10% drop in new majors and a This follows last year’s 10% drop in new majors and a 23% drop the year before that. 23% drop the year before that.

Accounting for the fact that more departments are Accounting for the fact that more departments are reporting to the survey now than did three years ago, reporting to the survey now than did three years ago, we effectively have seen a we effectively have seen a halvinghalving of the number of of the number of new majors entering our programs over a three-year new majors entering our programs over a three-year period. period.

Total enrollment in Bachelor's programs is down Total enrollment in Bachelor's programs is down nearly 14% from last year and 30% compared to three nearly 14% from last year and 30% compared to three years ago. years ago.

Taulbee Survey Taulbee Survey ((http://www.cra.org/CRN/articles/may06/taulbee.htmlhttp://www.cra.org/CRN/articles/may06/taulbee.html))

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Undergraduate CS enrollments Undergraduate CS enrollments 1995-20051995-2005

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The U.S. ranks 17th in the world The U.S. ranks 17th in the world for ratio of science and for ratio of science and engineering degrees.engineering degrees.

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Undergraduate CS enrollments Undergraduate CS enrollments 2002-20052002-2005

it is not yet clear when the decline in our it is not yet clear when the decline in our undergraduate program enrollments will end. undergraduate program enrollments will end.

The double-digit percent decrease in bachelor’s The double-digit percent decrease in bachelor’s production observed this year is likely to continue production observed this year is likely to continue for the next several years.  for the next several years. 

Nationwide, only one-quarter of 1 percent of Nationwide, only one-quarter of 1 percent of incoming freshmen women listed computer incoming freshmen women listed computer science as a probable major, according to a science as a probable major, according to a 2004 survey from the Higher Education 2004 survey from the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA. That’s down Research Institute at UCLA. That’s down from a high of 4.25% in the mid-1980s.from a high of 4.25% in the mid-1980s.

Taulbee Survey Taulbee Survey ((http://www.cra.org/CRN/articles/may06/taulbee.htmlhttp://www.cra.org/CRN/articles/may06/taulbee.html))

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Undergraduate CS enrollments Undergraduate CS enrollments 2002-20052002-2005

Coupled with the declining representation Coupled with the declining representation of women in our undergraduate programs, of women in our undergraduate programs, our ability to produce a workforce that is our ability to produce a workforce that is sufficiently educated technically to meet sufficiently educated technically to meet the needs of the job market in computing the needs of the job market in computing is being severely challenged.is being severely challenged.

Taulbee Survey Taulbee Survey (http://www.cra.org/CRN/articles/may06/taulbee.html)(http://www.cra.org/CRN/articles/may06/taulbee.html)

The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated in 2004 that 1.5 million new computer and in 2004 that 1.5 million new computer and IT-related jobs are expected to be added IT-related jobs are expected to be added to the nation’s workforce by 2012.to the nation’s workforce by 2012.

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WHY?WHY? The decrease in enrollments The decrease in enrollments

seems to be driven by two major seems to be driven by two major factors:factors:

misinformation in the popular misinformation in the popular mediamedia

lack of means to motive students in lack of means to motive students in our schoolsour schools

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Myth 1: Software Jobs Have Myth 1: Software Jobs Have DisappearedDisappeared

There was a slight dip in IT-sector employment There was a slight dip in IT-sector employment after 2000.after 2000.

Recent data show that this trend has reversed, Recent data show that this trend has reversed, and that there are now more jobs in this sector and that there are now more jobs in this sector than at any time in history.than at any time in history.

Projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicate strong growth over the next decade:indicate strong growth over the next decade:

Computer and information systems managers

Computer specialists

Computer hardware engineers

Total, all professional-level IT occupations

Total, all occupations

280 353 +26.1%

3,046 4,003 +31.4%

77 84 +10.1%

3,403 4,440 +30.5%

145,612 164,540 +13.0%

2004 2014 % change

Projected Employment 2004-2014 (in thousands)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Monthly Labor Review, November 2005

04/22/2310

IT Jobs Outlook IT Jobs Outlook BrightensBrightens

““The study found that, despite intensifying competition, The study found that, despite intensifying competition, offshoring between developed and developing countries offshoring between developed and developing countries can benefit both parties. The study cited data from the can benefit both parties. The study cited data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) which indicates U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) which indicates that more IT jobs are available today in the U.S. than at that more IT jobs are available today in the U.S. than at the height of the dot com boom. This trend is evident the height of the dot com boom. This trend is evident despite a significant increase in offshoring over the despite a significant increase in offshoring over the past five years. In fact, U.S. IT employment in 2004 was past five years. In fact, U.S. IT employment in 2004 was 17% higher than in 1999, and the BLS data reveals that 17% higher than in 1999, and the BLS data reveals that IT jobs are predicted to be among the fastest-growing IT jobs are predicted to be among the fastest-growing occupations over the next decade.”occupations over the next decade.”Globalization and Offshoring of Software (A Globalization and Offshoring of Software (A Report of the ACM Job Migration Task Force) - Report of the ACM Job Migration Task Force) - http://http://www.acm.org/globalizationreportwww.acm.org/globalizationreport//

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The 10 fastest-growing jobs between now and 2014

http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/nextjobboom/1. 1. Network systems Network systems

and data and data communications communications analystanalyst

6. 6. Database Database administratoradministrator

2. Physician assistant2. Physician assistant 7. Physical therapist7. Physical therapist3. 3. Computer software Computer software engineer, engineer, applicationsapplications

8. Medical scientist8. Medical scientist

4. 4. Computer software Computer software engineer, systems engineer, systems softwaresoftware

9. Occupational 9. Occupational therapisttherapist

5. 5. Network and Network and computer systems computer systems administratoradministrator

10. College 10. College instructorinstructor

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Top 10 best jobsTop 10 best jobshttp://http://

money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bestjobmoney.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bestjobss

// MONEY Magazine and Salary.com MONEY Magazine and Salary.com researched hundreds of jobs, researched hundreds of jobs, considering their growth, pay, considering their growth, pay, stress-levels and other factors. stress-levels and other factors. These careers ranked highest. These careers ranked highest. 1. Software Engineer1. Software Engineer 2. College professor 2. College professor 7. Computer IT analyst7. Computer IT analyst

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IT Salaries Remain HighIT Salaries Remain HighContinuing a pattern that has been evident for decades, recent bachelor’s and master’s engineering graduates and computer science graduates at the bachelor’s level are more likely than graduates in other fields to be employed full time after graduation, and upon entering the workforce, they are rewarded with higher salaries.

Source: National Science Foundation. InfoBrief, December 2005

Among science graduates, the median annual salaries of computer and information sciences (CIS) graduates were the highest as of October 2003. CIS graduates with bachelor’s degrees earned a median annual salary of $45,000, and those with master’s degrees earned a median annual salary of $60,000.

Source: Computing Research Association, December 2005

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Model Curriculum for K–12 Computer Science

“Computer science is an established discipline at the collegiate and post-graduate levels. Oddly, the integration of computer science concepts into the K–12 curriculum has not kept pace in the United States. As a result, the general public is not as well educated about computer science as it should be, and a serious shortage of information technologists at all levels exists and may continue into the foreseeable future.”

http://www1.acm.org/education/k12/k12final1022.pdf

04/22/2315

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS Computer Science Teachers Association Computer Science Teachers Association

(CSTA)(CSTA) Teacher Enrichment in Computer Science Teacher Enrichment in Computer Science

(TECS) workshops(TECS) workshops Java Engagement for Teacher Training (JETT)Java Engagement for Teacher Training (JETT)

Alice Workshops for Middle School studentsAlice Workshops for Middle School students Revised CurriculumRevised Curriculum

Game ProgrammingGame Programming Information TechnologyInformation Technology

Other Outreach ActivitiesOther Outreach Activities

04/22/2316

Computer Science Teachers Computer Science Teachers AssociationAssociation

The The Computer Science Teachers Computer Science Teachers AssociationAssociation is a membership is a membership organization that supports and promotes organization that supports and promotes the teaching of computer science and the teaching of computer science and other computing disciplines. CSTA other computing disciplines. CSTA provides opportunities for K-12 teachers provides opportunities for K-12 teachers and students to better understand the and students to better understand the computing disciplines and to more computing disciplines and to more successfully prepare themselves to teach successfully prepare themselves to teach and learn. and learn. http://http://csta.acm.orgcsta.acm.org//

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CSU and the CSTACSU and the CSTA Teacher Enrichment in Computer Science Teacher Enrichment in Computer Science

(TECS)(TECS) Teacher Engagement for Computer Science Teacher Engagement for Computer Science

(TECS) - September 25, 2006(TECS) - September 25, 2006 Understanding and Building Basic Networks - Understanding and Building Basic Networks -

November 14, 2006November 14, 2006 Having Fun with Computers – January 25, 2007Having Fun with Computers – January 25, 2007 Programming Basic Applications – March 20, Programming Basic Applications – March 20,

20072007 Computer Game Programming – 5/2007Computer Game Programming – 5/2007 Java Engagement for Teacher Training Java Engagement for Teacher Training

(JETT) (JETT)

04/22/2318

Alice Workshops for Middle Alice Workshops for Middle SchoolSchool

04/22/2319

Revised CurriculumRevised Curriculum Game ProgrammingGame Programming Information TechnologyInformation Technology ABETABET RoboticsRobotics Other Ideas?Other Ideas?

04/22/2320

Outreach ActivitiesOutreach Activities Computer Programming Computer Programming

CompetitionCompetition Web Development CompetitionWeb Development Competition Speakers BureauSpeakers Bureau Raise AwarenessRaise Awareness In-service WorkshopsIn-service Workshops Summer CampsSummer Camps

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ResourcesResources The New Educational Imperative: The New Educational Imperative:

Improving High School Computer Improving High School Computer Science EducationScience Education:: Computer Science Computer Science and the National Competitiveness Debate -and the National Competitiveness Debate - http://csta.acm.org/Publications/Publications.htmlhttp://csta.acm.org/Publications/Publications.html

ACM K-12 CS Model CurriculumACM K-12 CS Model Curriculum http://csta.acm.org/Curriculum/sub/k12final10http://csta.acm.org/Curriculum/sub/k12final1022.pdf22.pdf

CSTA Web Repository of K-12 CSTA Web Repository of K-12 Computer Science Teaching ResourcesComputer Science Teaching Resources http://csta.acm.org/Resources/sub/WebRepository.hhttp://csta.acm.org/Resources/sub/WebRepository.htmltml

Software Globalization and Software Globalization and EmploymentEmployment by eminent Stanford by eminent Stanford computer science scholar Eric Robertscomputer science scholar Eric Roberts

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ResourcesResources Teacher Enrichment in Computer Science Teacher Enrichment in Computer Science

Workshops (TECS)Workshops (TECS) - - http://http://tecs.acm.orgtecs.acm.org// JETTJETT - - http://http://jett.acm.orgjett.acm.org// K-12Linux ProjectK-12Linux Project - - http://www.k12ltsp.org/http://www.k12ltsp.org/ Partners in Learning, MicrosoftPartners in Learning, Microsoft - -

http://www.microsoft.com/education/http://www.microsoft.com/education/ partnersinlearning.mspxpartnersinlearning.mspx Resources for Teachers from CSTA and Resources for Teachers from CSTA and

IBMIBM - - http://csta.acm.org/Resources/sub/RecommendedResources.htmlhttp://csta.acm.org/Resources/sub/RecommendedResources.html

IBM Academic InitiativeIBM Academic Initiative http://ibm.com/university http://ibm.com/university

04/22/2323

ResourcesResources New ACM brochure to advanced New ACM brochure to advanced

computing fields: ACM-Careers-computing fields: ACM-Careers-Brochure-V7.pdf Brochure-V7.pdf Website referenced in brochure Website referenced in brochure

http://computingcareers.acm.org http://computingcareers.acm.org NCWIT Resources on drawing NCWIT Resources on drawing

more women into computing: more women into computing: http://www.ncwit.org/es.undergrahttp://www.ncwit.org/es.undergrad.html d.html

04/22/2324

ResourcesResources Why Choose Why Choose

CSE? (videos) - CSE? (videos) - http://www.cs.wahttp://www.cs.washington.edu/edushington.edu/education/ugrad/procation/ugrad/prospective/outreacspective/outreach.htmlh.html

Celebrate Celebrate Computer Science Computer Science Education: Education: http://sws.lhps.org/http://sws.lhps.org/Default.aspx?aliasDefault.aspx?alias=sws.lhps.org/com=sws.lhps.org/computerscienceedputerscienceed

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http://csta.acm.org/Careers/CSTA-poster-http://csta.acm.org/Careers/CSTA-poster-revised.pdfrevised.pdf