deep muscles of the back - oakton community college 11/week11_lecture1_sp14.pdf · 3. deep muscles...
TRANSCRIPT
DEEP MUSCLES OF THE BACK
MUSCLES OF THE BACK - THREE GROUPS
• SUPERFICIAL
• INTERMEDIATE
• DEEP
1. SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES ARE EXTRINSIC
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES - PRODUCE AND
CONTROL LIMB MOVEMENTS
CONNECT PECTORAL GIRDLE TO AXIAL
SKELETON
2. INTERMEDIATE MUSCLES ARE EXTRINSIC
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
INTERMEDIATE MUSCLES - MAY PRODUCE
RESPIRATORY MOVEMENT
3. DEEP MUSCLES OF THE BACK ARE THE
INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE BACK
MUSCLES THAT SPECIFICALLY ACT ON
THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN, PRODUCING
ITS MOVEMENTS AND MAINTAINING
POSTURE
SUPERFICIAL (EXTRINSIC) BACK MUSCLES*
1) CONNECT UPPER LIMB TO TRUNK
2) CONTROL LIMB MOVEMENT
*(THESE MUSCLES ARE INNERVATED BY
NERVES FORMED FROM VENTRAL RAMI)
TRAPEZIUS
LATISSIMUS
DORSI
LEVATOR
SCAPULAE
RHOMBOIDS
INTERMEDIATE (EXTRINSIC) BACK MUSCLES*
SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR - LIES DEEP TO
THE RHOMBOIDS (RIBS 2 - 5)
SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR - LIES DEEP TO
THE LATISSIMUS DORSI (RIBS 9 - 12)
MAY BE INVOLVED IN RESPIRATION
*(INNERVATED BY INTERCOSTAL NERVES, THESE
ARE FROM THE VENTRAL RAMI OF THE SPINAL
NERVES)
INTERMEDIATE
LAYER:
SERRATUS
POSTERIOR
SUPERIOR
SERRATUS
POSTERIOR
INFERIOR
DEEP (INTRINSIC) MUSCLES OF THE BACK*
MAINTAIN POSTURE AND CONTROL MOVEMENTS
OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN; EXTEND FROM
SKULL TO PELVIS; ASSIST IN MOVEMENT OF
THE HEAD (ALL MUSCLE ARE BILATERAL -
LOCATED ON BOTH SIDES!)
*(INNERVATED BY DORSAL RAMI OF SPINAL
NERVES)
DIVIDED INTO 3 GROUPS:
1. SUPERFICIAL INTRINSIC LAYER
2. INTERMEDIATE INTRINSIC LAYER
3. DEEP INTRINSIC LAYER
1. SUPERFICIAL
INTRINSIC LAYER: SPLENIUS CAPITIS AND
CERVICIS
LARGE FLAT OBLIQUE
BAND DEEP TO
TRAPEZIUS AND
SERRATUS
POSTERIOR SUPERIOR
BOTH EXTEND THE
HEAD AND NECK IF
CONTRACTED
BILATERALLY OR ONE SIDE WILL PULL THE
NECK AND HEAD TO THE
SAME SIDE
2. INTERMEDIATE
INTRINSIC LAYER:
ERECTOR SPINAE
EXTENDS FROM
THE PELVIS TO THE
SKULL
FILLS IN THE SPACE
BETWEEN THE
SPINOUS PROCESSES AND
THE ANGLE OF THE
RIBS
3 DIVISIONS:
ILIOCOSTALIS
LONGISSIMUS
SPINALIS
ILIOCOSTALIS - MOST LATERAL COLUMN
EXTENDS VERTEBRAL COLUMN WHEN
ACTING TOGETHER
BENDS VERTEBRAL COLUMN TO SAME
SIDE IF ONLY ONE SIDE CONTRACTS
(LATERAL FLEXION)
LONGISSIMUS - INTERMEDIATE COLUMN
ACTING TOGETHER EXTENDS
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
ONE SIDE WILL BEND THE VERTEBRAL
COLUMN TO THE SAME SIDE (LATERAL
FLEXION)
SPINALIS - MOST MEDIAL COLUMN
EXTENDS VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND HEAD
REMEMBER - I LOVE SPAGHETTI (LATERAL
TO MEDIAL)
LATERAL -
ILIOCOSTALIS
INTERMEDIATE - LONGISSIMUS
MEDIAL -
SPINALIS
ALL 3 MUSCLES
ARE LOCATED
ON BOTH SIDES
OF THE
VERTEBRAL
COLUMN
3. DEEP INTRINSIC LAYER: TRANSVERSOSPINAL
GROUP
DEEP TO THE SPINALIS
MUSCLE - EXTEND FROM
TRANSVERSE PROCESS TO
SPINOUS PROCESS
3 MUSCLES IN GROUP DEPENDING ON LENGTH OF
FIBERS
ROTATORES SEMISPINALIS - CROSSES
~6 VERTEBRAE
MULTIFIDUS - CROSSES ~4
VERTEBRAE
ROTATORES - CROSS ~1-2
VERTEBRAE
SEMISPINALIS -
CROSSES ~6
VERTEBRAE
MULTIFIDUS - CROSSES ~ 4
VERTEBRAE
(THICKEST IN
LUMBAR REGION BUT ARE LOCATED
THROUGHOUT
THE SPINE)
ROTATORES -
CROSS ~ 1-2
VERTEBRAE
ALL THE TRANSVERSOSPINAL GROUP ROTATE THE
BODY TO THE OPPOSITE SIDE
SEMISPINALIS (6)
MULTIFIDUS (4)
ROTATORES (1-2)
QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
THIS IS NOT A BACK MUSCLE BUT
FORMS PART OF THE POSTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL
FILLS IN SPACE FROM THE 12TH
RIB AND THE ILIAC CREST
BOTH SIDES TOGETHER WILL
EXTEND LUMBAR SPINE
ONE SIDE WILL BEND TO THE
SAME SIDE (LATERAL FLEXION)
THREE LAYERS OF MUSCLES IN THE
BACK:
SUPERFICIAL - CONNECT AND MOVE
UPPER LIMB
INTERMEDIATE - AID IN RESPIRATION
DEEP - MOVE THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN,
MAINTAIN POSTURE
DEEP OR INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE
BACK DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS:
SUPERFICIAL - SPLENIUS CAPITIS AND
CERVICIS
INTERMEDIATE - ERECTOR SPINAE
DEEP - TRANSVERSOSPINAL
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL
WALL
LINEA ALBA RECTUS
ABDOMINIS
PYRAMIDALIS
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES FORM THE ABDOMINAL
WALL THAT PROTECTS AND SUPPORTS THE
ABDOMINAL VISCERA
THEY FLEX AND ROTATE THE TRUNK (AS IN SIT-
UPS)
COMPRESS THE ABDOMEN IN FORCED
EXPIRATION
CONTRACTION OF THE ABDOMINAL
MUSCULATURE, WITH THE DIAPHRAGM WHEN
THE GLOTTIS (OPENING TO TRACHEA) IS
CLOSED, GREATLY INCREASES INTRA- ABDOMINAL PRESSURE VALSALVA MANUVER -
NECESSARY FOR URINATION, DEFECATION,
CHILDBIRTH, COUGHING, VOMITING, ETC.
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES:
3 HORIZONTAL OR OBLIQUE
EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE
INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE
TRANSVERSE ABDOMINAL
1 VERTICAL MUSCLE
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
1 VERY SMALL TRIANGULAR MUSCLE
PYRAMIDALIS
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
VERTICAL BAND-LIKE
MUSCLE, PAIRED
SEPARATED BY THE
LINEA ALBA
COVERED ANTERIORLY
AND POSTERIORLY BY
THE RECTUS SHEATH
CONTAINS TENDINOUS
INTERSECTIONS - 3 OR
MORE TRANSVERSE
LINES - FORMS “6-
PACK”
INTERMEDIATE DISSECTION OF THE
ABDOMEN
RECTUS SHEATH REMOVED ON LEFT
SIDE; NOTE
TENDINOUS
INTERSECTIONS
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
MOST SUPERFICIAL OF
THE 3 OBLIQUE OR
HORIZONTAL
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
FIBERS RUN DOWN AND
INWARD
INSERTS INTO THE LINEA
ALBA
INFERIOR EDGE FORMS
INGUINAL LIGAMENT - MEDIAL EDGE IS THE INGUINAL LIGAMENT
SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL
RING
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
INTERMEDIATE LAYER OF 3 FLAT
MUSCLES
UPPER FIBERS RUN
SUPERIORLY,
MIDDLE FIBERS RUN
HORIZONTALLY,
LOWER FIBERS RUN
INFERIORLY
INSERTS INTO THE
LINEA ALBA
TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS
INNER MOST LAYER
FIBERS RUN
HORIZONTALLY
INSERTS INTO LINEA
ALBA
RECTUS
ABDOMINUS
EXTERNAL
OBLIQUE
TENDINOUS
INTERSECTION
PYRAMIDALIS
INTERNAL
OBLIQUE
SUPERFICIAL
RECTUS SHEATH INGUINAL RING
INGUINAL HERNIAS - A PROTRUSION OF SOME VISCERAL STRUCTURE THROUGH A NORMAL OR
ABNORMAL OPENING IN THE ABDOMINAL WALL
90% OF ABDOMINAL HERNIAS ARE IN THE
INGUINAL REGION
75% ARE CALLED INDIRECT OR CONGENTIAL
HERNIAS (THROUGH THE SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL
RING)
20X MORE COMMON IN MALES
DIRECT HERNIAS OCCUR THROUGH A WEAK SPOT
IN THE ABDOMINAL WALL