DEFFINATION ;- nomenclature refers to the terminology or set of technical terms that is employed in a particular branch of science.

TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO VARIOUS TOOTH SURFACESFACIAL SURFACE ;- LABIAL SURFACE;- FACING TOWARD LIP BUCCAL SURFACE ;-FACING TOWARD

CHEEKSLINGUAL SURFACE ;- FACING TOWARDS TONGUEPALATAL SURFACE ;-FACING TOWARD PALATEMESIAL SURFACE;-FACING TOWARD MIDLINEDISTAL SURFACE;-FACING AWAY FROM MIDLINEINSISAL SURFACE;-FUNCTIONAL EDGE OF

INCISSOR OR CANNINEOCCLUSAL SURFACE ;- MASTICATING SURFACE

OF PREMOLAR OR MOLAR

CERVICAL PORTION;-PORTION OF TOOTH RELATED TO NECK OF TOOTH

GINGIVAL PORTION ;-PORTION OF TOOTH RELATED TO GINGIVA

TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO CARIESACCORDING TO LOCATION,CARIES CAN BE

PRIMARY CARIES;- .PIT AND FISSURE CARIES .SMOOTH SURFACE CARIES .ROOT SURFACE CARIES .RESIDUAL CARIESSECONDARY /RECURRENT CARIES

ACCORDING TO AMOUNT OF TOOTH INVOLVEMENT;-

INCIPITENT CARIES ADVANCED /CAVITED CARIESACCORDING TO RATE OF PROGRESSING OF CARIES;-

ACUTE CARIES CHRONIC CARIES

• PIT AND FISSURE CARIES;- caries begning in pit and fissures .pit and fissures are imperfect coalescence of developmental enamel lobes.

• Smooth surface caries;-caries invading the smooth surface of tooth covered by plaque for prolonged period

• Root surface caries;-also called senile caries .caries occuring in the exposed surface of roots covered with plaque for prolonged time.

• Residual caries;-caries that remain after cavity preparation.

• Secondary caries;- are recurrent caries that begins around or beneath restoration

• Incipitent caries;-also called initial caries or reversible caries .it is the begning of carious activity and appears as white opaque areas.

• Advanced /cavited caries;-caries that progress to dentoenamel junction and is no longer reversible.

• Acute caries;-caries of rapid onset ,ie rampent and nursing bottle caries

• Chronic caries;caries of slower onset ,they are dark brown to black in colour.

Terminology related to other defects of tooth;-

Attrition ;-loss of tooth structure due to frictional contact of opposing teeth.

Abrasion ;-wearing of tooth structure due to direct frictional force between teeth and externel object ie tooth brush

Erosion;-it is the dissolution of the tooth structure by chemicomechanical action

Abfraction;-it is the wedge shaped defeact in the cervical portion due to high occlusal forces.

Fracture;- break in the continuity of the tooth surface due to traumatic injury.

Enamel hypoplasia ;-defective formation of enamel due to injury to the ameloblast during the formative years.

NOMENCLATURE RELATED TO CAVITY PREPARATIONCavity;- it is the defect in the enamel or both

in enamel and dentinCavity preparation;-it is the alteration of

the defective diseased or injured toothstructure by dental dental surgical procedure and subsiquently shaping the remaining enamel and dentin to receive a restorative material such that the tooth returns to its normal form ,function and esthetic.

Intracoronal cavity preparation;-it is the cavity preparation in the interiour of the tooth

Extracoronal cavity preparation ;-cavity preparation that involves the exteriour of the tooth.

Simple cavity;-cavities involving only one surface of tooth e.g mesial ,distal ,facial ..

Coumpound cavity ;-cavity involving two adjoining surfaces of tooth e.g mesio occlusal cavity ,mesio buccal cavity,…

Complex cavity;-cavities involving more than two adjoining surfaces of tooth.

VARIOUS WALLS IN CAVITY PREPARATION

Internal wall;-surface of prepared cavity that does not extend to exteriour of tooth.

External wall;-surface of prepared cavity that extend to exteriour of the tooth.

Floor/seat of cavity;-any cavity wall that is flat and is perpendicular to the occluso-gingivally directed force. E.g pulpal & gingival wall.

Facial wall; a)labial wall;- facing towards lips

b)buccal wall;-facing towards cheeks

Lingual wall;-facing towards tongue and palate.

Incisor/occlusal wall;-walls facing toward incisal and occlusal portion of tooth.

Mesial/distal wall;-walls facing the mesial and the distal aspect of tooth.

Axial wall;-wall nearest the pulp and parrell to the long axis of tooth.

Pulpal wall;-wall neareat the pulp and perpendicular to long axis of tooth.

Gingival wall;-wall facing the gingiva.Subpulpal wall;-when the pulpal chamber is

accesed and the roof of the pulp chamber is removed ,the floor of the pulp chamber left behind is called subpulpal wall.

VARIOUS ANGLES IN CAVITY PREPARATIONANGLE ;- junction of two or more surfaces of

a prepared cavity is called angle.Line angle;-the angle formed at the junction

of two adjoining walls in a cavity preparation is reffered to as line angle.

Point angle;-the angle formed at the junction of three adjoining walls in a cavity preparation is reffered as point angle.

Axial line angle;-any line angle parrell to the long axis of the tooth.

Pulpal line angle ;-any line angle horizontal to the long axis of the tooth.

Cavosurface angle;-angle formed at the junction of the cavity walls and the unprepard tooth surface.

TYPICAL CLASS 1 CAVITY

Line angles are1.faciopulpal (fp), 2.distofacial (df),3.distopulpal (dp),4.distolingual (dl),5.linguopulpal (Ip), 6.mesiolingual (ml), 7.mesiopulpal (mp),8.mesiofacial(mf)

facial (f), distal(d)lingual (I),mesial (m),pulpal (p).

Point angles are 1.distofaciopulpal(dfp), 2.distolinguopulpal (dlp), 3.mesiolinguopulpal (mlp) 4.mesiofaciopulpal (mfp

Typical Class II mesioocclusal

BEVELS;-Ultra short/partial bevel;-involving the part

of enamelShort bevel;-involving entire enamel wall.Long bevel;-involving all enamel wall and

upto one half of dentinal wall.Full bevel;-involves all enamel and dentinal

wall

Hollow bevel;-it is concave preparation involves only enamel or enamel and part of dentine.

Inverted bevel;-it is a incline in the labial shoulder for metal ceramic crown.

CLASSIFICATIO OF CAVITIES by G.V. BLACKClass 1 cavities;-cavities begning in the

structural defect like the pit and the fissures that occur on the occlusal surface of the permolar and the molar ,occlusal two-third of the buccal and the lingual surface of the molar,the lingual surface of the incisor and and any abberent location.

Class 2 cavities;-cavities in the proximal surface of the premolar and molar.

Class 3 cavities;-cavities on the proximal surface of the incisor and canines but not involving the incisal angle.

Class 4 cavities;-cavities on the proximal surface of the incisor and canines but also involving the incisal angle.

Class 5 cavities;-cavities on the gingival third of the facial and lingual surface of all teeth.

Class 6 cavities;-cavities on the incisal edge and cusp tips of all teeth.

THANK YOU ARNAB KAR C.R.R.I