GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY

DEFLOURIDATION BY USING NATURAL MATERIALS

Name : MAHESH GUSN : 1GA12CV407Guide : Mrs Sai Darshan T R(Associate Professor Dept. of Civil Engineering)

RR Nagar, Bengaluru-560098

CONTENTS

2

• Introduction• Health impacts of excess fluoride• Natural methods to remove fluoride

Bone char method Calcined clay method Moringa oriefera method

INTRODUCTION• Fluoride is a normal

constituent of natural water samples.

• It is negatively charged and will not remain as a free element.

• Fluoride has a high affinity for calcium. Fluoride crystal

HEALTH IMPACTS OF EXCESS FLOURIDE IN POTABLE WATER

• Low levels of fluoride in

drinking water (0.5 to 1 mg/l)

protect against dental caries.

• High levels of fluoride in

drinking water (above 1.5

mg/l) will lead to dental

fluorosis to skeletal

fluorosis.

• Other symptoms of excess fluoride are fatigue, low hemoglobin count, irritation, loss of appetite, excessive thirst and urination, depression etc.

Skeletal Fluorosis Dental Fluorosis

Excess fluoride in the body (above 1.5 – 2 ppm)

NATURAL METHODS TO CONTROL FLOURIDE

• Bone Char method• Calcined clay method• Moringa oriefera method

NATURAL MATERIALS TO REMOVE FLUORIDE

OBJECTIVES

•To identify a sustainable, low cost, locally available, simple reliable, acceptable, eco-friendly water treatment technology.•To find a process that allowed efficient removal of fluoride from aqueous systems.

BONE CHAR AS DEFLOURIDATION MATERIAL

• Bone char consists of ground animal bones to remove all organic matter.

• Major components of bone charcoal are calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate and activated carbon.

• 1 kg bone char an ICOH filter can defluoridate on an average 450 litres of water containing 5 mg/l F- at a flow rate of 4 litres per hour.

• In order to produce bone char, animal bones must first be collected. These bones can be collected from a variety of sources including butchers, restaurants, ranchers, etc.

• Once the bones are collected, they are often washed, rinsed, boiled, or sun dried to remove much of the organics before they are actually charred to be used as filter media.

• Major components of bone charcoal are calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate and activated carbon.

• 1 kg bone char an ICOH filter can defluoridate on an average 450 litres of water containing 5 mg/l F- at a flow rate of 4 litres per hour.

• This method can create an entirely new market by giving value to what was previously viewed primarily as a waste material.

• Bone char is produced with animal bones that have passed through calcination process. Though raw bones have some Defluoridation value, it is small and limited by the various organics obstructing the interfaces where chemical reactions with the fluoride take place.

CALCINED CLAY AS DEFLUORIDATING MATERIAL

•Freshly fired bricks are used for removal of fluoride in domestic defluoridation units.•The brick bed in the layer is topped with charred coconut shells and pebbles. Then the water is allowed to pass through the unit in an uplow mode.•The efficiency of this method depends upon the freshly burnt bricks.•This unit could be used for 25-40 days

FLUORIDE REMOVAL USING MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED

MORINGA ORIFLERA FLOWER

MORINGA ORIFLERA SEEDS

•The Moringa oleifera tree (Drumstic tree) is a tree which grows in subtropical regions around the world including India. • Its seed consists a protein that acts as a cationic polyelectrolyte. The soluble particles in the water attaches to the active agent that binds them together creating large flocks in the water. This method can be used for both turbid water and waste water.

FLUORIDE REMOVAL AT SMALL SCALE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. Collect dry Moringa seed pods and remove the seed from its casing.

2. Grind the kernels in a blender and sieve through 600 micrometer seieve.

3. Prepare an aqueous extract by mixing 25gms of seed powder to 200ml of water and stirr it for 60 minutes using a magnetic stirrer and extract the aqueous by filtering it through a 20µm paper filter.

4. Mix the solution for 1 minute at 120 rpm follwed by 15 minutes of slow mixing at 30 rpm for flocculation and 60 minutes of settling.

5. The water is allowed to flow upwards in sequence through the three filter compartments filled with coarse, medium and fine filter material.

6. For further removal of high turbidity, organic matter and suspended solids double filteration may be incorporated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS contd.

CONCLUSION

1. Moringa oleifera is an environmentally-friendly natural coagulant most suitable for the treatment of water containing undesirable fluoride concentrations.

2. For about every 10mg/L of fluoride in water, a dose of 2.5 g/L of Morigina oleifera coagulant can achieve about 92% of fluoride reduction in the treated water.

3. By filteration and double filteration turbidity content can be controlled.

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