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VOLUME I

Chapter 1 - SUMMARY

Summary Table: NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BALANCE OF PLANT MARKET PENETRATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

0

Summary Figure: NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BALANCE OF PLANT MARKET PENETRATION, 2004-2012($ MILLIONS) 0

Chapter 2 - INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION 1 Figure 1 GENERAL SCHEMATIC OF A FUEL CELL POWER TEST AND

INSTRUMENTATION LOCATIONS 2

Figure 2SCHEMATIC OF NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS INTEGRATION WITH THE FUEL CELL POWER STACK 3

IMPORTANCE OF NON REACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BOP 3 Figure 3 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS 4 FUEL CELL MATERIAL HANDLING AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 4 Figure 4 SCHEMATIC OF A FUEL CELL MATERIAL HANDLING AND

THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INTEGRATION WITH THE FUEL CELL STACK

5

MINIMIZATION OF CELL RESISTIVITIES 5 IONIC CONDUCTIVITIES 6 SUBSTRATE MATERIAL 6 BIPOLAR PLATE 6 NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS FOR VARIOUS FUEL CELLS 7 PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL NONREACTIVE BOP

COMPONENTS 8

Figure 5 DETAILS OF MAJOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR PEMFC BOP 9

DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS 9 Figure 6 SCHEMATIC OF A DMFC DETAILING THE MAJOR NONREACTIVE

COMPONENTS FOR BOP 10

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS 11 ZINC AIR FUEL CELL NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS 11 Figure 7 SOFC SYSTEM WITH MAJOR NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS 12 MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELL NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS 12 Figure 8 SCHEMATIC OF A MCFC WITH MAJOR NONREACTIVE BOP

COMPONENTS 13

ALKALINE FUEL CELL NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS 13 OVERVIEW OF NONREACTIVE BOP INDUSTRY ORGANIZATION AND

STRUCTURE 13

Figure 9 BOP IN A FUEL CELL MATERIAL HANDLING AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT 14

Table 1 OVERVIEW OF NONREACTIVE BOP SUBSYSTEMS FOR FUEL CELLS 15

Table 1 (CONTINUED) 16 Table 1 (CONTINUED) 17 REACTANT DELIVERY SYSTEM 17 Liquid Reactant Delivery 18 Air Delivery 18 Figure 10AIR DELIVERY SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM 19 Hydrogen Storage 19 Figure 11 TYPICAL HYDROGEN STORAGE LAYOUT 20 HIGH PRESSURE CIRCUIT 21 MOTIVE PRESSURE CIRCUIT 21 FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM 22 Purge Circuit 22 WATER MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM 23 Figure 12GENERAL LAYOUT OF A HUMIDIFIER SYSTEM 24 STACK COOLING SYSTEM 25 Main Coolant Loop 25 Bypass Filtration Loop 25

TABLE OF CONTENTS

HEAT MANAGEMENT (COOLING) SYSTEM 26 Figure 13 THE HEAT MANAGEMENT (COOLING) SYSTEM 27 HEATING, VENTING, AND AIR CONDITIONING (HAVC) SYSTEM 27 Figure 14 THE HVAC SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM 28 LUBRICATION SYSTEM 28 Figure 15 THE LIBRICATION SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM 29 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 29 Figure 16 THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM 30 RADIATOR FAN CIRCUIT 30 POWER CONDITIONING SYSTEM 31 Figure 17 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 31 Figure 18 SCHEMATIC OF A FUEL CELL POWER TRAIN (A) OVERALL

SCHEME AND (B) ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN STACK, BATTERIES AND LOAD WITH LOCATION OF SENSORS

32

SYSTEM CONTROLS 33 Figure 18 FUEL CELL CONTROL SYSTEM 34 DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM (DAQ) 34 LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM 34 LEAK SENSORS 35 LEAK INDICATORS AND JUNCTION BOX 36 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM 36 FIRE SENSORS AND THERMAL WIRE 36 FIRE RETARDANT TANKS AND NOZZLES 37 SOFTWARE 38 COMPETITIVE INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 38 Figure 19COMPETITIVE INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 39 MARKET PENETRATION BY PRODUCT CATEGORY 39 Table 2 OVERVIEW OF DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS IN

FUEL CELL BOP BY PRODUCT CATEGORY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 40

STORAGE MARKET PENETRATION 40 Table 3 OVERVIEW OF MARKET FOR STORAGE IN NONREACTIVE

COMPONENTS IN FUEL CELL BOP, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 41

SUPPLY AND DELIVERY MARKET PENETRATION 41 Table 4 OVERVIEW OF MARKET FOR SUPPLY AND DELIVERY IN

NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS IN FUEL CELL BOP ($ MILLIONS) 41

DISTRIBUTION MARKET PENETRATION 42 Table 5 OVERVIEW OF MARKET FOR DISTRIBUTION IN NONREACTIVE

COMPONENTS IN FUEL CELL BOP, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 42

Table 6 OVERVIEW OF MARKET FOR POWER IN NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS IN FUEL CELL BOP ($ MILLIONS) 43

INSTRUMENTS MARKET PENETRATION 43 Table 7 OVERVIEW OF MARKET FOR INSTRUMENTS IN NONREACTIVE

COMPONENTS IN FUEL CELL BOP, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 44

FLUID AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT MARKET PENETRATION 44 Table 8 MARKET FOR FLUID AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT IN

NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS IN FUEL CELL BOP ($ MILLIONS) 44

IMPORTANT INDICATIONS AND COST REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BOP 45

COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGERS 45 OPPORTUNITIES FOR CERAMICS 46 LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS 46 SYSTEM INTEGRATION 47 Figure 20 FUEL CELL COST MIGRATION PATH* 48 Table 9 FUEL CELL STACK DURABILITY 49 FREEZE START CAPABILITY 49 Table 10 FUEL CELL STACK FREEZE START CAPABILITY (SECONDS TO

50% POWER) 49

Table 10 (CONTINUED) 50 VOLUMETRIC POWER DENSITY 50 Table 11 FUEL CELL STACK POWER DENSITY (WATTS NET/LITRE, END-

OF-LIFE) 50

STACK POWER DENSITY 50 Table 12 FUEL CELL STACK POWER DENSITY ($/WATTS NET) 51 OVERVIEW OF COMPANY ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGICAL

EXPERTISE 51

Table 13 OVERVIEW OF MAJOR NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENT COMPANY EXPERTISE 52

Table 13 (CONTINUED) 53 Table 13 (CONTINUED) 54 Table 13 (CONTINUED) 55

Table 13 (CONTINUED) 56 Table 13 (CONTINUED) 57 Table 13 (CONTINUED) 58 Table 13 (CONTINUED) 59 Table 13 (CONTINUED) 60 Table 13 (CONTINUED) 61 Table 13 (CONTINUED) 62 HISTORY OF THE INDUSTRY 63 COST-THE MAJOR HURDLE 64 WORKFORCE 65 AMERICA AND THE WORLD 65 Table 14 OVERVIEW OF AMERICA AND THE WORLD DEMAND FOR

NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS IN FUEL CELL BOP, 2004-2012 (% UNITS DEVELOPED)

66

EFFECT OF NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BOP AND THE FUTURE 67

Table 15 END-USE APPLICATION OF VARIOUS FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES 67

THE FUTURE 67 THE FUTURE (CONTINUED) 68 Figure 21FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS

INDUSTRY 69

Chapter 3 - LEGISLATION AND REGULATION

INTRODUCTION 70 THE BEACHES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND COASTAL HEALTH

ACT OF 2000 70

THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE OF 1970 70 THE INTEGRATED POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL DIRECTIVE 71 TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEMS 71 TREAD ACT OF 2000 71 THE BIOTERRORISM ACT OF 2002 72 THE UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE 72 CLEAN AIR ACT 73 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT OF 1969 73 THE CLEAN MERCURY RULE 73 CLEAR SKIES INITIATIVE 73 INDIVIDUAL STATES INITIATIVES 74 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY FINAL PARTICULATE RULE 74 FEDERAL ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973 74 ARSENIC RULE 75 ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005 75 CLEAN COAL POWER INITIATIVE ACT OF 2005 75 CLEAN WATER ACT 76 SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT 76 RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT OF 1976 77 COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND

LIABILITY ACT OF 1980 77

STATE OF CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD ADOPTS NEW EMISSIONS REGULATIONS 78

THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT OF 1977 78

Chapter 4 - FUEL CELL INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE RATES

INTRODUCTION 79 MARKET STRUCTURE 79 Figure 22 THE FUEL CELL MARKET STRUCTURE AND ROLE OF BOP

COMPONENTS 79

GLOBAL MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND COMPETITIVE RATES 80 GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROWTH 80 United States 80 Canada 81 Europe 81 Asia 82 Southeast Asia 82 China 82 South America 82 Brazil 83 Argentina 83 Africa/Middle East 84

Table 16 OVERVIEW AND FORECAST OF WORLDWIDE GDP, 2003-2012 84 OVERVIEW OF THE METAL MARKET 84 Steel 85 Nickel 86 Table 17 OVERVIEW OF NICKEL AND STEEL METAL PRICES, 2002-2006

(INDEX: JANUARY, 1998 = 1.0) 86

Aluminum 87 Copper 87 Cobalt 88 Zinc 88 Tin 89 Chromium 90 Molybdenum 90 Table 18 RELATED METAL PRICES, THROUGH 2008 ($/LB OR TROY

OUNCE) 91

OVERVIEW OF THE PLASTICS/ POLYMER MARKET 91 Figure 23 PLASTIC PRICES 92 LDPE 92 LLDPE 93 HDPE 93 PP 93 GPPS 93 Table 19 MAJOR PLASTICS/ POLYMER PRICES, THROUGH, THROUGH

2008 ($/MT) 93

COST OF MAJOR FOSSIL-BASED ENERGY FEEDSTOCKS 94 Natural Gas 94 Petroleum 94 Coal 94 Table 20 FOSSIL-BASED FEEDSTOCK COSTS, THROUGH 2012 95 COST OF MAJOR BIO-BASED ENERGY FEEDSTOCKS 95 Biomass 95 Biofuel Feedstocks 96 Table 21 OVERVIEW OF BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCK COSTS, THROUGH

2013 96

INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES 97 Table 22 INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES, THROUGH

2006 97

NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BALANCE OF PLANT (BOP) COMMERCIALIZATION 97

Table 23 NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR BALANCE OF PLANT BY TYPE OF FUEL CELL, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 98

COMPARISON OF FUEL CELL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS AND THE NEED FOR BOP COMPONENTS 98

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) 99 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) 99 Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC) 99 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) 99 Zinc-Air Fuel Cell (ZAFC) 99 Table 24 COMPARISON OF FUEL CELLS OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS

AND END-USES 100

Table 24 (CONTINUED) 101 Table 24 (CONTINUED) 102 Table 24 (CONTINUED) 103 IMPORTANCE OF FUEL CELL SYSTEM ASSEMBLY/INSTALLATION 103 Fuel Cell Stack 103 Fuel Processor 104 Balance-of-Plant 104 Balance-of-Plant (Continued) 105 Table 25 IMPORTANCE OF FUEL CELL BOP BY PRODUCT CATEGORY,

THROUGH 2012 ($/KILOWATT) 106

COMMERCIAL MARKET PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 106 Table 26 TYPICAL COMMERCIAL FUEL CELL PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS

AND COSTS, 2007 107

Table 26 (CONTINUED) 108 Table 26 (CONTINUED) 109 BUSINESS MODEL 109 Figure 27 FUEL CELL COMPANY BUSINESS MODEL 110 END-USE MARKET ENTRY OPPORTUNITIES 111 Stationary Power Stations 111

Portable Devices 111 Transportation 111 Domestic/ Residential 111 Table 27 FUEL CELLS END-USE MATRIX 112 PROFITABILITY AND INVESTMENT FOCUS 112 Table 28 COMPANY PROFITABILITY FOR FUEL CELLS INFRASTRUCTURE

COMPANIES, THROUGH 2006 (NET LOSSES $MILLIONS) 113

Table 29 COMPANY PROFITABILITY FOR FUEL CELLS TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATORS, THROUGH 2006 (REVENUES $MILLIONS) 113

Figure 25 FUEL CELL COMPANY INVESTMENT FOCUS 114 MARKET ENTRY OPPURTUNITIES AND IMPORTANT SHIFTS/GROWTH

DRIVERS 114

Energy Prices 114 Environmental Legislation 115 Technology 115 Cost Declines 115 Power Quality 115 National Security 115 Outsourcing 115 Test Code 115 Figure 26 MARKET ENTRY OPPURTUNITIES FOR FUEL CELLS:

PRODUCTS CHARACTERISTICS 116

SALES, GROWTH, AND INVESTMENTS 117 Figure 27 BCC RESEARCH CAGRESSIVE AND MODERATE FUEL CELL

REVENUE PATHWAYS 117

GLOBAL INVESTMENT FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BALANCE-OF-PLANT 117

Table 30 GLOBAL INVESTMENT FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BALANCE-OF-PLANT ($ MILLIONS) 118

WIDESPREAD APPLICATIONS 118 Stationary 118 Residential 118 Transportation 119 Portable Power 119 Indoor Power 119 Table 31 COMMERCIALIZATION STAGES FOR A TYPICAL FUEL CELL

COMPANY* 120

EARLY MARKET SALES 120 Table 32 GLOBAL FUEL CELL END-USE MARKET SEGMENT SALES

GROWTH BY VALUE, THROUGH 2012, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 121

MARKET ENTRY AND BARRIERS 122 Figure 28 THE NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BOP

MATERIALS PLAYGROUND 122

MARKET DEFINITIONS 123 FUEL CELL INFRASTRUCTURE 123 STACK AND SUPPORT (BOP) FUNCTIONS 123 COMPACT 124 MICRO 124 Table 33 TIMELINES FOR FUEL CELLS MARKET ENTRY 124 Table 33 (CONTINUED) 125 FINANCIAL CHALLENGES 125 PUBLIC MARKETS 125 LARGE INVESTORS 126 VENTURE CAPITAL INDUSTRY 126 Figure 29 FUEL CELL BASED MARKET FORECAST 126 CUSTOMER BASE AND REGIONAL DIVERSIFICATION IN PRIVATE R&D

SPENDING FOR FUEL CELL AND HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE 127

Table 34 REGIONAL DIVERSIFICATION IN PRIVATE FUEL CELL AND HYDROGEN R&D INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING ($ MILLION) 127

COMPANY MARKET SHARES, ENGINEERING CAPABILITIES, AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPERTISE 127

Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) 128 Revamping Car Design-AUTOnomy 129 Tier One Suppliers 129 Substrate Suppliers 130 Materials Integrity Companies 130 Fuel Cell Integrators 130 Software and Data Acquisition 131

Table 35 ENGINEERING EXPERTISE FOR NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENT SUPPLIERS BY MARKET SHARE (%) 131

Table 35 (CONTINUED) 132 Table 35 (CONTINUED) 133 Table 35 (CONTINUED) 134 Table 35 (CONTINUED) 135 Table 35 (CONTINUED) 136 Table 35 (CONTINUED) 137 Table 35 (CONTINUED) 138 Table 35 (CONTINUED) 139 Table 35 (CONTINUED) 140 Table 35 (CONTINUED) 141 CONCENTRATED INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 141 CONCENTRATED REVENUE 141 Table 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PROCESS MONITORING DEVICES

CONCENTRATION BY COMPANY REVENUE, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)

142

CONCENTRATED PEM FUEL CELL 142 Table 37 CONCENTRATED PEMFC NONREACTIVE BALANCE OF PLANT

COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 143

CONCENTRATED NONREACTIVE BALANCE OF PLANT COMPONENTS BY GEOGRAPHY 143

Large Stationary 143 Small Stationary 144 Portable 144 Table 38 CONCENTRATED NONREACTIVE BALANCE OF PLANT

COMPONENTS BY GEOGRAPHY. 2004-2007 (% FUEL CELL UNITS DEVELOPED)

145

CONCENTRATED NONREACTIVE BALANCE OF PLANT COMPONENTS BY END USE 145

Large Stationary Market 145 Small Stationary Market 146 Transportation Market 146 Transportation Market (Continued) 147 Portable Market 148 Table 39 CONCENTRATED END-USE APPLICATION FOR FUEL CELLS,

2004-2012 (%) 149

Table 40 ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS' CURRENT TIMETABLE FOR LAUNCH, 2012-2015 150

COMPANY RESULTS AND PROFILES 150 ABB ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS 151 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES 151 AMETEK 152 ATMI 152 CALGON CARBON 153 DONALDSON 153 EMERSON PROCESS MANAGEMENT 153 ENGELHARD 154 GE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS 154 GE SECURITY 154 HEWLETT-PACKARD 155 HIDEN ANALYTICAL 155 HITACHI INSTRUMENTS 155 INVENSYS 155 JASCO 156 JOHNSON MATTHEY 156 MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGY GMBH 157 PERKINELMER 157 OXFORD INSTRUMENTS 158 PALL 158 PARKER HANNIFIN 158 RUDOLF INSTRUMENTS 159 SIEMENS 159 SMITHS DETECTION 159 SPECTRO ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS 159 SPECTROLAB 160 TELEDYNE INSTRUMENTS-LEEMAN LABS 160 THERMO ELECTRON 160 TRACEDETECT 161

VARIAN 161 WONDERWARE 162 Table 41 COMPANY RESULTS FOR NONREACTIVE BALANCE-OF-PLANT

PRODUCERS, WORLDWIDE REVENUES, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS) 162

Table 41 (CONTINUED) 163 Table 41 (CONTINUED) 164 COMPANY RESULTS FOR MAJOR ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT

MANUFACTURERS 164

Daimler 165 Ford 165 General Motors 166 Mazda Motor Corp 166 Mitsubishi Motors Corp 167 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd 167 Toyota 167 Volkswagen AG 168 Table 42 COMPANY RESULTS FOR MAJOR ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT

MANUFACTURERS, THROUGH 2006 ($BILLIONS/YEAR) 168

COMPANY RESULTS FOR FUEL CELL INTEGRATORS 168 Astris Energy 169 Ballard Power Systems Inc 169 Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd 169 Ceres Power Holdings Plc 170 CMR Fuel Cells plc 170 Electric Fuel Corporation 170 FuelCell Energy Inc. 170 Manhattan Scientifics Inc 171 Millenium Cell Inc. 171 Pacific Fuel Cell Corp 171 Plug Power 172 PolyFuel Inc 172 Power Air Corporation 172 Metallic Power 173 United Technologies 173 Table 43 COMPANY RESULTS FOR FUEL CELLS TECHNOLOGY

INTEGRATORS, THROUGH 2006 (REVENUES $MILLIONS) 173

Table 43 (CONTINUED) 174 COMPANY RESULTS FOR FUEL CELL INFRASTRUCTURE COMPANIES 174 Alternate Energy Corp 174 Distributed Energy Systems 174 Dynetek Industries Ltd 175 QuestAir Technologies Inc 175 Voller Energy Group plc 175 Table 44 MARKET PERFORMANCE FOR FUEL CELL INFRASTRUCTURE

COMPANIES, THROUGH 2006 (REVENUES $MILLIONS) 176

Chapter 5 - DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BOP APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION 177 INTRODUCTION (CONTINUED) 178 Table 45 FUEL CELL CHARACTERISTICS 179 Table 45 (CONTINUED) 180 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR DIRECT METHANOL/

ALCOHOL FUEL CELL (DAFC/DMFC) BOP 180

Table 46 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS FOR DAFC/ DMFC APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 181

DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC) BOP 181

Table 47 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS FOR PEMFC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 182

DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELL (PAFC) BOP 183

Table 48 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS FOR PAFC APPLICATIONS. THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 183

Table 48 (CONTINUED) 184 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR MOLTEN CARBONATE

FUEL CELL BOP 184

Table 49 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS FOR MCFC BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 184

Table 49 (CONTINUED) 185

DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR ALKALINE FUEL CELL BOP 185

Table 50 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS FOR AFC BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 186

DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL BOP 187

Table 51 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS FOR SOFC BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 187

Table 51 (CONTINUED) 188 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR ZINC AIR FUEL CELL

BOP 188

Table 52 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS FOR ZAFC BY APPLICATIONM, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 189

VOLUME II

Chapter 6 - DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BOP BY PODUCT

INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION (CONTINUED) 2 Table 53 DEMAND FOR NON REACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL

BALANCE OF PLANT BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 3

Table 53 (CONTINUED) 4 DEMAND FOR TANKS BY TECHNOLOGY 4 Fixed Roof Tanks 4 Fixed Roof Tanks (Continued) 5 External Floating Roof Tanks 6 Internal Floating Roof Tanks 6 Variable Vapor Space Tanks 7 Pressure Tanks 7 Cryogenic Tanks 7 Figure 30 CRYOGENIC HYDROGEN STORAGE TANK 8 Table 54 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BALANCE OF PLANT TANKS BY

TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 9

DEMAND FOR ENCLOSURE BY TECHNOLOGY 9 ABS or Polycarbonate Enclosures 10 Polyester Enclosures 10 Stainless Steel Enclosures 10 Aluminum Enclosures 11 Ceramic Enclosures 11 Table 55 DEMAND FOR NON REACTIVE BALANCE OF PLANT

ENCLOSURES, THROUGH 2102 ($ MILLIONS) 11

DEMAND FOR PUMPS BY TECHNOLOGY 11 Vane Pumps 11 Diaphragm or Membrane Pumps 12 Figure 31 DIAPHRAGM OR MEMBRANE PUMP 12 Table 56 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BALANCE OF PLANT PUMPS BY

TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 13

DEMAND FOR BLOWERS BY TECHNOLOGY 13 Confined Space Blower 13 Fan Wheel Blowers 14 Positive Displacement/Rotary Blowers 14 Table 57 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP BLOWERS BY TYPE,

THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 14

DEMAND FOR FANS BY TECHNOLOGY 15 Axial Fans 15 Centrifugal Fans 15 Table 58 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP FANS BY TYPE, THROUGH

2012 ($ MILLIONS) 16

DEMAND FOR COMPRESSORS BY TECHNOLOGY 16 Sliding (Rotary) Vane Compressor 16 Reciprocating Compressor 17 Rotary Screw Compressor 17 Table 59 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP COMPRESSORS BY TYPE,

THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 18

DEMAND FOR PIPES, VALVES, FITTINGS & LIQUID LEAK DETECTION BY TECHNOLOGY 19

Table 60 DEMAND FOR DISTRIBUTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 19

Piping 19

Metal Piping 20 Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Piping 20 Flexible Piping 21 Single Wall within a Carrier Pipe 21 Figure 32 SINGLE WALL WITHIN A CARRIER PIPE 22 Coaxial Pipe 22 Table 61 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP PIPING BY TYPE, THROUGH

2012 ($ MILLIONS) 22

VALVES AND FITTINGS 23 Figure 33 GAS FLOW AND MIXING INCLUDING NONREACTIVE BOP

COMPONENTS 23

Figure 34 CONFIGURATION OF CHECK VALVES 24 Table 62 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP FITTINGS BY TYPE

THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 25

FITTINGS BY TECHNOLOGY 25 Colder Quick Disconnect Couplings 25 Flexible Fittings 25 Figure 35 A TYPICAL SWING-JOINT AND FLEXIBLE CONNECTOR 26 Table 63 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP FITTINGS BY TYPE,

THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 26

LIQUID LEAK DETECTION BY TECHNOLOGY 26 Mass Balance Leak Detectors 27 Mechanical Line Liquid Detectors 27 Optical Leak Detectors 27 Ultrasonic Liquid Leak Detectors 27 Table 64 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LIQUID LEAK MONITORING

DEVICE PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 28

INSTRUMENTS BY TECHNOLOGY 28 Table 65 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE INSTRUMENTS FOR FUEL CELL

BOP, THROUGH 2012 28

Table 65 (CONTINUED) 29 LEVEL INSTRUMENTS BY TECHNOLOGY 29 Visual 29 Floats/ Displacer 30 Hydrostatic Devices 30 Figure 36 DISPLACEMENT LEVEL GAUGES 31 Figure 37 BUBBLER-TYPE LEVEL MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES 31 Differential Pressure (DP) 32 Figure 38 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE MONITORING TECHNOLOGY 32 Load Cells 32 Magnetic Level Gauges 33 Figure 39 MAGNETIC LEVEL MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES 34 Capacitance Transmitters 34 Figure 40 CAPACITIVE LEVEL MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES 35 Magnetostrictive Level Transmitters 35 Figure 41 MAGNETOSTRICTIVE LEVEL TRANSMITTERS 36 Sonic/ Ultrasonic Level Transmitters 36 Figure 42 ULTRASONIC LEVEL TRANSMITTERS 37 Laser Level Transmitters 37 Figure 43 LASER TRANSMITTING TECHNOLOGY 38 Radar Level Transmitters 38 Figure 44 GUIDED-WAVES RADAR TECHNOLOGY 39 Table 66 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR LEVEL MONITORING

PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 40

FLUID FLOWMETERING BY TECHNOLOGY 40 Table 67 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLOWMETERS BY TECHNOLOGY

SEGMENT, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 41

TRADITIONAL FLUID FLOWMETERING TECHNOLOGY 41 Differential Pressure 41 Positive Displacement 42 Turbine 42 Open Channel 42 Variable Area 43 Table 68 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TRADITIONAL FLOWMETER BY

TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 44

NEW TECHNOLOGY FLOWMETERING TECHNOLOGY 44 Coriolis 44 Magnetic 45 Ultrasonic 45

Vortex 46

Multivariable Differential Pressure 46 Thermal Mass 47 Table 69 DEMAND FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY FLOWMETER, THROUGH

2012 ($ MILLIONS) 47

PRESSURE MONITORING BY TECHNOLOGY 47 Diaphragm Sensor 48 Differential Pressure Sensor 48 Figure 45 A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SENSOR 49 OTHERS 49 Bellows Sensor 50 Figure 46 BELLOWS PRESSURE SENSOR 50 Piezoelectric Sensors 50 Figure 47 A PIEZOELECTRIC PRESSURE SENSOR 51 Capacitance Sensors 51 Variable Reluctance/ Inductance Sensors 51 Ultra-Low Pressure Sensor 52 Bourdon Tube Sensors 52 Figure 48 A SPIRAL TUBE BOURDON TUBE 53 Table 70 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PRESSURE MONITORING

PRODUCTS BY TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 53

HUMIDITY/ MOISTURE MONITORING BY TECHNOLOGY 53 Figure 49 A TYPICAL DEWPOINT HUMIDIFIER FUEL CELL SYSTEM 54 Mechanical 54 Wet and Dry Bulb 55 Electrical Impedance 55 Color Change 55 Table 71 DEMAND FOR HUMIDITY/MOISTURE MONITORING PRODUCT

BY TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 56

TEMPERATURE MONITORING BY TECHNOLOGY 56 Thermistors 56 Resistance Temperature Detector 57 Thermocouples 57 Table 72 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TEMPERATURE MONITORING DEVICES

BY TYPE OF SENSOR, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 58

GENERAL PURPOSE CONTROL SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION BY TECHNOLOGY 58

Table 73 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GENERAL PURPOSE CONTROL SYSTEM BY SECTOR, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 59

PROCESS LIQUID QUALITY MONITORING BY TECHNOLOGY 59 pH Controllers 60 Conductivity 60 Dissolved Oxygen 61 Viscosity 61 Figure 50 VISCOMETER 62 Density 62 Figure 51 DIAGRAM OF A DENSITY SENSOR 63 OTHER/TRANSMITTERS 63 Table 74 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR PROCESS LIQUID QUALITY

MONITORING DEVICE PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 64

GAS DETECTORS/ANALYZERS BY SENSOR TECHNOLOGY 64 Infrared Gas Sensors 65 Fourier Transform Infrared Analyzers 65 NDIR Technology 66 Catalytic Gas Sensors 66 Gas Chromatographs 67 Flame Ionization Detection Technology 67 Thermal Conductive Analyzers 68 Electron Capture Detector (ECD) 68 Photoionization Detector (PID) 69 Flame Photometric Detector (FPD) 70 Electrochemical Sensor 70 Paramagnetic Sensors 71 Solid State Sensors 71 Ultraviolet Sensors 72 Chemiluminescence 72 Mass Spectrometry 72

73

SOFTWARE/ OTHER CONTROLS BY TECHNOLOGY 73 Software/Other Controls by Technology (Continued) 74 Figure 52 SCHEMATIC OF AN INTEGRATED FUEL CELL TESTING SYSTEM 75 Advanced Process Control Software 75 Alarm Management Software 75 Asset Management Software 75 Batch Control Software 76 Calibration Management Software 76 Design/Documentation Software 76 Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Software 76 Loop Tuning Software 76 Neural Networks Software 76 Process Control Software 77 PLC Programming Software 77 Scada Software 77 Simulation Software 77 Table 76 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE SOFTWARE FOR FUEL CELL BOP,

THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 77

Table 76 (CONTINUED) 78 POWER CONVERSION BY TECHNOLOGY 78 DC/AC Converters 79 Grid Connection 79 Frequency Converters 79 Table 77 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE POWER CONVERSION BY TYPE,

THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 79

MOTORS BY TECHNOLOGY 80 Split Phase Motor 80 Capacitor Start Motor 80 Table 78 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP MOTORS BY TYPE,

THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 81

FILTERS BY TECHNOLOGY 81 Water Filters 82 Air Filters 82 Table 79 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE FILTERS BY TYPE, THROUGH

2012 ($ MILLIONS) 82

SEALS BY TECHNOLOGY 83 High Temperature Seals 83 Low/Moderate Temperature Seals 83 Low/Moderate ý (Continued) 84 Table 80 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP SEAL BY TYPE, THROUGH

2012 ($ MILLIONS) 85

SPRAY NOZZLES/ INJECTORS BY TECHNOLOGY 85 High Velocity Nozzles 85 Pipe Nozzles 86 Magnetic Nozzles 86 Spray Nozzles 87 Air-Aspirating Nozzle 87 Shaping Nozzles 87 Table 81 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP INJECTORS/SPRAY

NOZZLES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 87

HEAT EXCHANGERS/CONDENSERS BY TECHNOLOGY 88 Figure 53 SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER 88 Straight Tube, Fixed Tubesheet 88 Removable Bundle, Externally Sealed Floating Tubesheet 89 Removable Bundle, Outside Packed Floating Head 89 Removable Bundle, Floating Head with Backing Device 90 Removable Bundle, Pull-Through Floating Head 90 Removable Bundle, U-Tube 90 Table 82 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP HEAT EXCHANGERS/

CONDENSERS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 91

INSULATION/ HEAT CONTAINMENT BY TECHNOLOGY 91 Calcium Silicate 92 Glass 92 Fibrous 92 Cellular 92 Mineral Fiber (Rock and Slag Wool) 92 Expanded Silica (or Perlite) 92

Elastomeric 93 Foamed Plastic 93 Refractory Fiber 93 Insulating Cement 93 Table 83 DEMAND FOR NONREACTIVE BOP INSULATION/HEAT

CONTAINMENT BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 94

PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 94 Table 84 PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS 94 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 95 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 96 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 97 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 98 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 99 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 100 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 101 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 102 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 103 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 104 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 105 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 106 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 107 Table 84 (CONTINUED) 108 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS/IMPORTANT APPROACHES 108 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Nonreactive Components for Balance-of-Plant 108 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Enabling Materials 109 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Enabling Materials 109 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Enabling Materials 110 Alkaline Fuel Cell Enabling Materials 111 Zinc Air Fuel Cell Enabling Materials 111 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Enabling Materials 111 Table 85 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS/APPROACHES 112 Table 85 (CONTINUED) 113 Table 85 (CONTINUED) 114 Table 85 (CONTINUED) 115 Table 85 (CONTINUED) 116 Table 85 (CONTINUED) 117 Table 85 (CONTINUED) 118 PROCESS/APPLICATIONS 118 Table 86 PROCESSES/APPLICATIONS 118 Table 86 (CONTINUED) 119 Table 86 (CONTINUED) 120 Table 86 (CONTINUED) 121 Table 86 (CONTINUED) 122 TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT/MODIFICATION OF ENABLING

MATERIALS/COMPONENTS FOR FUELS CELLS BALANCE-OF-PLANT 122

Computer Hardware 122 Computer Software 122 Communication Standards 123 High Performance Oxide Fibers 123 Strengthening Mechanisms 124 Nanofibers as a Dispersed Phase in PMCs 124 Preparation of Interfaces 125 Impregnation and Cure Methods 125 SENSORS 126 Electronic Tactile Force and Pressure Indicating Sensor 126 Hydrogen Sensors 126 Low-Cost Carbon and Hydrogen Gas Sensors 126 ENABLING MATERIALS 127 Improved Polymer/Solid-Electrolyte Membrane Materials for Fuel Cells 127 Solid Acids 128 Integrated Powder-Discovery Production Platform 129 Graphite 129 Thermoplastics 130 NON REACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELLS BALANCE OF PLANT

TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATORS 131

Table 87 MARKET PERFORMANCE FOR FUEL CELLS TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATORS, THROUGH 2012 (MARKET CAPITALIZATION-$ MILLIONS)

132

PATENTS EVALUATION 132 Table 88 TOTAL INTERNATIONAL PATENTS, BASED ON ORIGINAL

COUNTRY OF APPLICATION, THROUGH 2006 132

Table 88 (CONTINUED) 133 FUEL CELL PATENT ANALYSIS 133 U.S. AND WO PATENTS FOR FUEL CELLS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES 134 Table 89 U.S. AND WO PATENTS FOR FUEL CELLS AND RELATED

TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2006 (NUMBER) 134

MAIN FUEL CELLS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES 134 Table 90 PATENTS FOR THE MAIN FUEL CELLS AND RELATED

TECHNOLOGIES, 1999-2006 (%) 135

GEOGRAPHICAL BREAKDOWN 135 Table 91 GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD OF PATENTS FOR FUEL CELLS AND

RELATED TECHNOLOGIES, 1999-2002 (%) 135

MAJOR PLAYERS 136 Table 92BCC RESEARCH REVIEW OF PUBLISHED PATENTS FOR

AUGUST 15, 2006 TO SEPTEMBER 5, 2006 136

Table 92 (CONTINUED) 137 Table 92 (CONTINUED) 138 Table 92 (CONTINUED) 139 Table 92 (CONTINUED) 140 Table 92 (CONTINUED) 141 Table 92 (CONTINUED) 142 Table 92 (CONTINUED) 143 Table 92 (CONTINUED) 144 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY MAJOR NONREACTIVE

COMPONENT COMPANIES 145

FUEL CELL NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS 145

Cytec Industries 145 Ferro 145 H.B. Fuller 145 Rohm and Haas 146 Table 93 TOTAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY MAJOR

COMPANIES, THROUGH 2006 ($BILLIONS) 146

Table 93 (CONTINUED) 147 FUEL CELLS TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATORS 147 POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS 148 Millennium Cell Inc 148 Pacific Fuel Cell Corp 148 Plug Power 149 SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 149 Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd 149 Ceres Power Holdings plc 149 PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELL 150 United Technologies 150 DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS 150 CMR Fuel Cells plc 150 Manhattan Scientifics Inc 151 PolyFuel Inc 151 ALKALINE FUEL CELLS 151 Astris Energy Inc 151 MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS 152 FuelCell Energy Inc. 152 ZINC AIR FUEL CELLS 152 Electric Fuel Corporation (EFCX) 152 Metallic Power Inc 152 Power Air Corporation 153 Table 94 RESERACH AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING FOR FUEL CELLS

TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATORS, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS) 153

Table 94 (CONTINUED) 154 FUEL CELLS INFRASTRUCTURE COMPANIES 154 Alternate Energy Corp 154 Distributed Energy Systems 154 Dynetek Industries Ltd 155 QuestAir Technologies Inc 155 Voller Energy Group plc 155 Table 95 RESERACH AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING FOR FUEL CELL

INFRASTRUCTURE COMPANIES ($ MILLIONS) 156

LEADERS IN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 156 Table 96 SELECTED ORGANIZATIONS FUNDED BY THE U.S.

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 157

Table 96 CONTINUED) 158 GOVERNMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY REGION/

COUNTRY 158

Table 97 GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY REGION ($BILLIONS) 159

SOURCE OF GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT FUNDS BY COUNTRY (2005) 159

Table 98 SOURCE OF GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT FUNDS BY COUNTRY, 2005 (%) 160

Table 98 (CONTINUED) 161 PRIVATE CAPITAL SPENDING 161 CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL COMPANIES 162 Chemical and Material Companies (Continued) 163 ABB 164 Ahlstrom 164 ATMI 164 Donaldson 165 Engelhard 165 Table 99 CAPITAL SPENDING BY NONREACTIVE BOP COMPANIES ($

MILLION/YEAR) 165

Table 99 (CONTINUED) 166 Table 99 (CONTINUED) 167 Table 99 (CONTINUED) 168 TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES IN NONREACTIVE BOP COMPONENTS FOR

FUEL CELL COMMERCIALIZATION 168

Figure 54NONREACTIVE FUEL CELL BOP TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES AREAS 169

TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES FOR PORTABLE END-USE 169 Low Power consisted of PEM applications in the sub-Watt to 50 W-range 169 High Power, SOFCs in the 50 W to 5 kW-range 169 Table 100 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS FOR PORTABLE

APPLICATIONS 170

TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES FOR STATIONARY AND DISTRIBUTED END-USE 170

Table 101 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS FOR STATIONARY AND DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS 171

TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES FOR TRANSPORTATION END-USE 171 Table 102 DEVELOPMENT NEEDS FOR TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS 172 Table 102 (CONTINUED) 173 TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES FOR FUEL PROCESSING 173 Table 103 TECHNOLOGY NEEDS FOR FUEL PROCESSORS 173 TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES TO ACHIEVE DOE RELIBILITY AND

DURABILITY GOALS 174

Table 104 DEVELOPMENT NEEDS BY ALL FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES TO ACHIEVE RELIABILITY AND DURABILITY GOALS 174

Table 105 APPLICATION SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT NEEDS TO ACHIEVE RELIABILITY AND DURABILITY GOALS 174

THE OVERLAPS AND COMMONALITIES IN TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES FOR VARIOUS FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS 174

Table 106 DEVELOPMENT NEEDS COMMON TO ALL FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS 175

Table 107 DEVELOPMENT NEEDS COMMON TO SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES 175

Chapter 7 - INTERNATIONAL

INTRODUCTION 176 Table 108 SELECTION OF MAJOR HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL FUNDED

ACTIVITIES WORLDWIDE 177

U.S. GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR FUEL CELL COMMERCIALIZATION 178

Funding Methods 178 Core Technology Development and Supporting Initiatives 178 Public-Private Cooperative Partnerships 179 Stationary and Distributed Generation Partnership 179 Transportation and Infrastructure Partnership 179 Transportation and ý (Continued) 180 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY (ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT) 181 Production and Delivery 181

Storage 181 Infrastructure Validation 181 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY (INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES) 181 Transportation Systems 181 Distributed Energy Systems 182 Fuel Processor R&D 182 Stack Component R&D 182 Technology Validation 182 Table 109 H.R. 6 U.S. FUEL CELL AND HYDROGEN RESEARCH AND

DEVELOPMENT FUNDING, 2004-2008 ($ MILLIONS) 182

Table 109 (CONTINUED) 183 Table 109 (CONTINUED) 184 THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA 184 THE EUROPEAN UNION 184 UNITED KINGDOM 185 GERMANY 186 FRANCE 187 ASIA 188 JAPAN 188 CHINA 189 SINGAPORE 190 SOUTH KOREA 190 Table 110REGIONAL DIVERSIFICATION IN GOVERNMENT SPENDING

FOR FUEL CELLS COMMERCIALIZATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 191

INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BOP 191

Table 111 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BOP BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 191

Table 111 (CONTINUED) 192 GLOBAL IMPORTS 192 Table 112 GLOBAL IMPORTS OF NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR

FUEL CELL BOP BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 193

EXPORTS 193 Table 113 GLOBAL EXPORTS OF NONREACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR

FUEL CELL BOP BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS) 194

GLOBAL APPARENT CONSUMPTION 194 Table 114 APPARENT GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF NONREACTIVE

COMPONENTS FOR FUEL CELL BOP BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)

195

Chapter 8 - COMPANY PROFILES

ASSOCIATIONS/ REGULATORY AGENCIES 196 ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS ASSOCIATION (OESA) 196 THE AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY (ACRE) 196 THE U.S. FUEL CELL COUNCIL 197 AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES 198 THE SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (SOCMA) 198 ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (EMA) 199 THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN STEEL ENGINEERS 199 GASES AND WELDING DISTRIBUTORS ASSOCIATION 200 THE CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD 200 THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION

(OSHRC) 201

THE PARTNERSHIP FOR A NEW GENERATION OF VEHICLES (PNGV) 201 The Partnershipý(Continued) 202 THE NATIONAL HYDROGEN ASSOCIATION (NHA) 203 THE CALIFORNIA FUEL CELL PARTNERSHIP 204 AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT ECONOMY 204 ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURING AND COIL WINDING ASSOCIATION 205 THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) 206 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY 207 THE CANADIAN HYDROGEN ASSOCIATION (CHA) 207 AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 208 ADSORPTION CHILLER 208 VAIREX CORPORATION 208 ANALYZERS 208 VARIAN ASSOCIATES INC. 208 APPLIANCES TESTING SYSTEMS 209 ASHBY CROSS COMPANY, INC. 209

AUTOMATION AND PROCESS CONTROLS 209 BODINE ASSEMBLY AND TEST SYSTEMS 209 AUTOMOTIVE AND TRANSPORTATION 209 BMW OF NORTH AMERICA, LLC 209 DAIMLERCHRYSLER CORP. 210 DAIMLERCHRYSLER CORP. 210 GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION 210 DRIVING CLOSER TO REINVENTING THE AUTOMOBILE, GENERAL

MOTORS CORP. REVEALED A LOOK AT HY-WIRE, THE WORLD'S FIRST DRIVABLE VEHICLE THAT COMBINES A HYDROGEN FUEL CELL WITH BY-WIRE TECHNOLOGY.

210

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA) 211 CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM 211 BASF CORP. 211 THE HYDROGEN IN THE CARTRIDGE WOULD BE SUBJECT TO 10 TIMES

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE-ABOUT THE SAME LEVEL AS IN A BUTANE CIGARETTE LIGHTER, BASF SAYS. THE NANOCUBES PROVIDE CONTROLLED RELEASE OF THE HYDROGEN TO THE FUEL CELL, THE COMPANY SAYS. THE HYDROGEN-FED

212

CHEVRONTEXACO 212 DOW CHEMICAL CO. 213 DOW CHEMICAL CO. 213 EXXONMOBIL 213 IMPERIAL CHEMICALS INDUSTRIES PLC (ICI) 213 METHANEX CORP. 214 SHELL HYDROGEN 214 COMPONENT TEST EQUIPMENT 215 WAYNE KERR ELECTRONINCS INC. 215 COMPONENT AND SYSTEMS MANUFACTURERS 216 ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES INC. 216 HYDROGEN BURNER TECHNOLOGY 216 ITEM 217 COMPRESSORS AND COMPRESSION MACHINERY 217 KAESER COMPRESSORS 217 US EQUIPMENT CO., INC. 218 CORROSION CONTROL 218 BETZDEARBORN HYDROCARBON PROCESS GROUP (GE BETZ) 218 DEHYDRATION EQUIPMENT 219 GASTECH 219 ELECTRONICS PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING 219 SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS, INC. 219 TRIQUINT SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. 219 VITESSE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION 220 ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES PROVIDERS 220 AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER 220 CATALYTICA ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES INC. 221 ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES 222 ENERGY INTERNATIONAL CORP. 222 FMC CORP. 223 H-PLUS ECO LTD 223 POWER AIR CORPORATION 223 POWER ENERGY FUELS, INC. 224 STARTECH ENVIRONMENTAL CORPORATION 224 SYNETIX 225 TEXACO ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. 225 U.S. MAGNEGAS, INC. 226 ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 226 ADVANCED MACHINE & TOOL CORPORATION 226 ATLANTA CHEMIE 227 EMERSOM MOTORS 227 LASER TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 228 MOCAP INC. 228 SATCON TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 228 THE FABRI-FORM CO. 229 WESTLAKE PLASTICS COMPANY 229 FILTERS AND FLOW CONTROL 229 DONALDSON COMPANY, INC. 229 PANAMETRICS, INC. 230

QUESTAIR TECHNOLOGIES 230 UNIVERSAL AIR FILTER COMPANY 231 INDUSTRIAL AND SPECIALTY GASES 232 AIR LIQUIDE GROUP 232 AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC. 232 AIRGAS INC. 233 BOC GASES 233 LINDE AG 234 MESSER NIPPON SANSO 234 PRAXAIR, INC. 235 HEAT EXCHANGE, HEAT CONTAINMENT/INSULATION 235 ADSORPTIONCHILLER 235 POLYGON COMPANY 236 SPECIAL ELECTRIC CO., INC. 236 ZIRCAR CERAMICS, INC. 236 LEAK DETECTION EQUIPMENT 237 LACO TECHNOLOGIES 237 LICENSORS/ CONTRACTORS/ OPERATORS 237 ALCHEMIX CORPORATION 237 DOMNICK HUNTER PLC 238 DYNECO CORPORATION 238 ENERGETICS, INC. 239 ENGINEERED GAS SYSTEMS (EGS) 240 FUEL CELL COMPONENTS & INTEGRATORS, INC. 240 FUEL CELL MATERIALS 241 GENCOR INDUSTRIES, INC. 241 HALDOR TOPSØE A/S 242 ICM PLASTICS (IMPERIAL CUSTOM MOLDING, INC.) 242 LACEY MANUFACTURING INC 243 NEXTECH MATERIALS, LTD 244 PALCAN FUEL CELLS LTD 244 PATHWAY DESIGN & MANUFACTURING INC. 245 RAGAN TECHNOLOGIES INC. (RTI) 246 STONE & WEBSTER: THE SHAW GROUP 246 STUART ENERGY SYSTEMS 247 VOLTAIX, INC. 247 WALLMAN DESENCE 248 MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEMS 248 ECONOPIN 248 FUEL CELL CONTROL LTD 248 HEATTEK INC. 249 MATERIALS INTEGRATORS/ MANUFACTURERS AND TESTING 249 ADAPTIVE MATERIALS INC. 249 AVISTA LABORATORIES, INC. 250 AVISTA LABS 250 BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS INC./BALLARD GENERATION SYSTEMS INC. 251 THE DAIS CORP. 251 DCH TECHNOLOGY, INC. 252 DUPONT FUEL CELLS, INC 252 ELEMENT 1 POWER SYSTEMS, INC. (E1PS) 253 ENERGETIC MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TESTING CENTRE (EMRTC) 253 ENERGY RESEARCH CORP. 254 ERGENICS, INC. 254 FIBERCAST 255 GORE FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES 255 HYDROGENICS CORP. 256 HYRADIX 257 NEXTECH MATERIALS 257 PLUG POWER, LLC 258 PORVAIR FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY 258 PORVAIR PLC 258 PRED MATERIALS 259 PROTON ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. (PES) 260 METAL FABRICATION & PRODUCTION 260 AICHI STEEL WORKS 260 MACSTEEL 261 METERING, MIXING AND DISPENSING EQUIPMENT 261 LIQUID CONTROL CORP. 261

TSI 261 MONITORING SYSTEMS 262 ADVANTECH 262 POLLUTION CONTROLS 262 PHILLIPS & TEMRO INDUSTRIES 262 POWER SUPPLIES 263 ADVANCED ENERGY SYSTEMS INC. 263 AGILE SYSTEMS INC 263 CUMMINS POWER CORPORATION 263 E4 SOLUTIONS 264 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC 264 ION POWER, INC. 265 RBH ELECTRONIC DESIGNS (RBH) 265 SMART POWER SYSTEMS 265 ZAHN ELECTRONICS INC. 265 PUMPS, MIXERS 266 SPX PROCESS EQUIPMENT 266 SAFETY AND SECURITY SYSTEMS 267 COOPER INDUSTRIES CROUSE-HINDS DIV. 267 SEALS AND GASKETS 267 SEALS EASTERN, INC. 267 SENSORS AND MONITORS 268 SIERRA MONITOR CORP 268 STORAGE SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES 269 DYNETEK INDUSTRIES LTD 269 TIANJIN HIGHLAND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD 269 UNIVERSITIES AND GOVERNMENT LABORATORIES 270 NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY (NREL) 270 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY (ORNL) 270 OFFICE OF PRODUCT MANAGEMENT FOR FUELS AND SPECIALTY

MARKETS 271

UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON 271 UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY 272 VALVES, ACTUATORS, FITTINGS AND REGULATORS 272 AGILE SYSTEMS INC. 272 TESCOM, INC 272 VENDORS 273 3M FUEL CELL COMPONENTS PROGRAM 273 BHAVYA TECH 273 CRYOFUEL SYSTEMS, INC. (CFS) 274 EVERWATT SYSTEMS, INC. 274 EVIONYX, INC. 274 H2 ECONOMY 275 MCMILLIAN COMPANY 275 NESSCAP CO., LTD 275 REB RESEARCH & CONSULTING 275 VERMONT FUEL CELL/DIVISION OF GICS 276 ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS 276 DAIMLER 276 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 277 ALBERTA RESEARCH COUNCLI 277 ALLEGHENY LUDLUM CORPORATION 277 AMERADA HESS CORPORATION 277 ANUVU INC. 278 ARTHUR D. LITTLE (ADL) 278 ASPEN SYSTEMS INC 279 ATOFINA CHEMICALS INC 279 BC HYDRO POWERTECH LABS INC 279 BLASCH PRECISION CERAMICS 280 CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD 280 CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION 281 CALIFORNIA FUEL CELL PARTNERSHIP 281 CANMET ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTRE 281 CATALYTICA ENERGY SYSTEMS 282 DIAS-ANALYTIC CORPORATION E-TEK INC 282 DYNETEK INDUDTRIES LTD 283 ERGENICS INC 283 E-TEK INC 283

ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTREAL 284 EDISON TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS 284 ENGELHARD CORPORATION 284 EPRL SOLUTIONS 285 GE FUEL CELL SYSTEMS 285 GENERAL HYDROGEN CORPORATION 286 GENERAL MOTORS (GM) 286 GINER INC 287 H POWER CORPORATION 287 HARVEST ENERGY TECHNOLOGY INC 288 HYDROGEN BURNER TECHNOLOGY 288 IEEE 289 IMPCO TECHNOLOGIES INC 289 INSTITUTE DE RECHERCHE D'HYDRO-QUEBEEC (IREQ) 290 JOHNSON MATTHEY INC (JM) 290 LA DEPARTMENT OF WATER & POWER 291 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY (LLNL) 291 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (MIT) 292 MCMASTER UNIVERSITY 292 MEDIS TECHNOLOGIES 292 MILLENIUM CELL INC 293 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) 293 NEW YORK STATE ENERGY RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

(NYSERDA) 294

OCEAN POWER CORPORATION 294 PLUG POWER INC 295 PRAXAIR INC 295 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 296 PROTON ENERGY SYSTEMS 297 QUESTAIR TECHNOLOGIES INC 297 ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE OF CANADA 297 SAMMER POWER SYSTEMS INC 298 SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES 298 SCHAFER CORPORATION 299 SCHATZ ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER (SERC) 299 SENSOR PRODUCTS INC 299 SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY 300 STUART ENERGY SYSTEMS 300 SYNERGY TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 301 THERMO TECHNOLOGIES 301 UNIVERSITE DE QUEBEC A TROIS-RIVIERES 302 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 302 U.S. COAST GUARD 302 XANTREX TECHNOLOGY INC. 303