demographic differences in how students navigate through moocs · demographic differences in! how...
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Demographic Differences in How Students Navigate Through MOOCs
Philip J. Guo MIT CSAIL -> University of Rochester
Katharina Reinecke Harvard -> University of Michigan
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Online education strives to bring 1-on-1, mastery-based tutoring
to everyone.
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Prereq: understand how people from different demographics
use ed-tech
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xMOOC: Coursera, edX, Udacity
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How do demographics such as age and country of origin
affect navigation in MOOCs?
OUR STUDY
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How can we redesign MOOCs to serve more kinds of students?
OUR STUDY
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edX platform
Certificate of completion: ~60% grade
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METHODOLOGY
Data Analysis 4 edX courses, Fall ’12: Intro CS, A.I., Stat, Chem
Demographics Country, age, gender, years of education
Student Intent Only certificate earners: 11,490 (10% of total)
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Certificate earners cover only ~78% of course pages
Navigation Overview
1.04 backjumps per visited page
Most backjumps were assessment -> lecture
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edX certificate earners do opportunistic learning
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Focus on country and age
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Top 5 countries, 50% of certificate earners
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Top 30 countries, 83% of certificate earners
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Student-teacher ratio Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (primary school data)
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Sweden: 9 students/teacher Low student-teacher ratio: Belgium, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Sweden
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High student-teacher ratio: Mexico, Kenya, Nigeria, India, Pakistan
Kenya: 47 students/teacher
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Multiple linear regressions
Y ~ student-teacher-ratio + gender + age + edu-yrs
Y = {coverage, final grade, backjumps/page, norm. forum events, norm. textbook events}
Report selected factors with p < .001
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(Caution: generalizing over entire countries)
Higher coverage Lower coverage
More backjumps Fewer backjumps
No significant grade differences
No forum or textbook event differences
Low student-teacher ratio High student-teacher ratio
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Higher coverage Lower coverage
More backjumps Fewer backjumps
Student-centric education Teacher-centric education
Field-independent: explorers [Witkin et al. 1977] [Hofstede 1986]
Field-dependent: observers
Low student-teacher ratio High student-teacher ratio
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Student-teacher ratio
Mean (# backjumps / visited pages)
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Lower coverage Higher coverage (+20%)
Fewer backjumps More backjumps (+20%)
Less forum participation More forum participation (2x)
Fewer textbook visits More textbook visits (+30%)
Hypothesis: Older students more independent and self-directed
(even controlling for country and other demographic variables)
Younger students Older students
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Student age range
Mean (# forum posts / total events)
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Future work: qualitative insights
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Philip Guo @pgbovine www.pgbovine.net
Study Finding Design Ideas
Opportunistic learning Rethink linearity
Variance in coverage and forum posts
Beyond pass/fail certificates
Explorers vs. observers Adaptive scaffolding
SUMMARY
Future MOOCs: one size fits all